JP5600619B2 - Dissimilar material joining method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a dissimilar material joining method by direct current TIG welding between a steel material and an aluminum alloy material. The aluminum alloy material referred to in the present invention is a general term for aluminum alloy rolled plate material (cold rolled plate or the like), extruded shape member, or a member or part for a vehicle body formed by processing these. The steel material is a general term for cold-rolled steel sheets, die steels, or members and parts for car bodies formed by molding these.

  In recent years, as is well known, with respect to global environmental problems caused by exhaust gas and the like, improvement in fuel consumption has been pursued by reducing the weight of the body of a transport aircraft such as an automobile. In addition, it has been pursued to improve safety at the time of automobile body collision without hindering the weight reduction as much as possible. For this reason, various applications of aluminum alloy materials that are lightweight and excellent in energy absorption have been studied, particularly for automobile body structures.

  However, application of aluminum alloys to vehicle bodies requires structural design that takes advantage of the characteristics of aluminum alloys. Except for special vehicle bodies made of all-aluminum alloys, aluminum alloy materials are usually used for the main steel materials. It becomes a partially combined car body structure. For this reason, the joining technique of these steel materials combined with each other and an aluminum alloy material becomes essential. That is, when a steel material and an aluminum alloy material are joined and combined, there is inevitably a need for different material joining of Fe-Al (joining of different metals of steel material-aluminum alloy material).

  However, when this Fe-Al dissimilar material joining is performed by welding, a common problem is that the intermetallic compound layer of Fe and Al is highly brittle with high hardness at the joint interface between the steel material and the aluminum alloy material. (Or reaction layer) formation. For this reason, even if they are apparently joined to each other, due to the formation of such an intermetallic compound layer of Fe and Al, in the joint of Fe-Al dissimilar material by welding, the joint has sufficient joint strength. There are difficulties that cannot be obtained.

  Reflecting this, conventionally, joining of dissimilar material joined bodies (joints of dissimilar metal members) includes not only welding but also mechanical joining such as self-piercing rivets and bolts, and joining using an adhesive. It has been put into practical use. However, there are practical problems such as complicated joining work and increased joining costs.

  Therefore, even when combined with these mechanical joinings, efficient wire welding such as efficient TIG welding, which is widely used for joining ordinary car bodies, is important as a welding technique for joining different materials. If TIG welding, which is also widely used for joining steel materials, can be applied to joining Fe-Al dissimilar materials, the body can be manufactured using aluminum alloy materials in the same line and process as steel materials, and the application of aluminum alloy materials to automobiles is promoted. Thus, it can contribute to weight reduction of the vehicle body.

  However, although TIG welding itself is a general-purpose and well-known technique between steel materials and the like, a specific example in which TIG welding is actually used for Fe-Al dissimilar material joining has not been proposed so far. For example, TIG welding of different materials of steel and aluminum alloy materials proposed in Patent Document 1 is also a group of laser, electron beam, plasma arc, TIG, MIG, and CO2 arc as butt welding and lap welding. It is only positioned to the extent that “it may be TIG”, which is performed by a welding means selected from.

  Moreover, in patent document 2, the position of the welding surface of an aluminum alloy material is the position of the welding of a steel material in the dissimilar material joining method which piles up and welds each other with a steel material as an upper side and an aluminum alloy material as a lower side with respect to the welding direction. It has been proposed that welding is performed along the weld line in a state of protruding upward with respect to the welding execution direction from the position of the surface. This improves the wettability of the molten aluminum on the weld surface of the steel material, promotes removal of the oxide film on the surface of the steel material (weld surface), and achieves good bonding.

  Moreover, in this patent document 2, the TIG welding of the aspect using the flux cored wire (FCW) formed by filling a flux inside the aluminum material outer skin is also intended. Incidentally, a number of compositions of such a flux cored wire (FCW) for joining different materials have been conventionally proposed, such as Patent Document 3. However, Patent Documents 2 and 3 do not disclose specific examples using TIG welding.

  For this reason, the present inventors have confirmed again about the problem which arose by carrying out the dissimilar-material joining test using aluminum alloy material and steel materials actually using TIG welding. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 10, an aluminum alloy material (plate) 11 is set on the upper side, and an end portion 11a of the aluminum alloy material is overlapped on the steel material 12, thereby forming a lap joint. Fe-Al dissimilar materials were joined using the FCW according to the conditions of a direct current TIG welding method generally used for welding. As a result, spatter generation is almost none and good, but the molten aluminum alloy material and FCW are separated like beads 4a and 4b and exist on the steel material 12, so-called "hot water" joining. (Bead) state.

  Such a welded (beaded) state in which the beads 4a and 4b are "battered" greatly changes the welding conditions such as increasing the power (heat input) and slowing the welding speed in TIG welding. Also occurred and could not be completely prevented. In such a “battered” joint (bead) state, a high joint strength of the joint (dissimilar material weld joint) cannot be obtained.

  Such “battering” is a destabilization of the shape of the molten pool that is likely to occur under TIG welding between steel materials, particularly under high pressure and high speed welding of the arc. The molten pool vibrates. This is known as the “hamping phenomenon” in which severe irregularities are formed on the beads.

  On the other hand, although it is TIG welding of steel materials to the last, the prior art which improved the front-end | tip part shape and the number of electrodes of a tungsten electrode, or used a magnetic field is proposed. For example, a constant magnetic field is applied around the welding arc, and an electromagnetic force generated by an electromagnetic interaction between the magnetic field and the arc current flowing through the welding arc is applied to the welding arc to change the radial shape of the welding arc. Patent Document 4 proposes that two welded portions are continuously joined while being deflected in the weld line direction.

  Moreover, the tungsten electrode for TIG welding that is generally used generally has a conical shape in which the tip is sharpened with a pencil (only one pointed tip is pointed). On the other hand, it is the shape which makes one point of the surface of the electrode rod for TIG welding which has a ridgeline in the tip part the most, and the angle between the surfaces which form the ridgeline is 40-100 degrees. An electrode is proposed in Patent Document 5. Accordingly, in Patent Document 5, an arc point is generated along the ridge line portion, and the arc is prevented from creeping up to the surface portion near the tip of the electrode, thereby preventing the arc from spreading in the width direction of the bead. The arc is concentrated to make high-speed TIG welding possible with a large current.

  Moreover, in patent document 6, in the TIG welding apparatus which performs the joining welding of the steel materials with a narrow groove, while making an electrode face the said welding line from the upper direction of the said aluminum alloy material, the front-end | tip of this tungsten electrode is 30 degrees- It has been proposed to form an eccentrically shaped (eccentric tip shape) electrode cut obliquely at an angle of 40 °, and melt the wire while rotating the eccentric shaped electrode within the narrow groove. ing.

JP 2001-47244 A
JP 2010-207886 A Japanese Patent No. 4256886 JP 2008-105056 A JP-A-6-328287 JP 2004-237326 A

  According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the electrode improvement technique in TIG welding between steel materials of Patent Document 5 described above is used as it is for the dissimilar material TIG welding between the aluminum alloy material and the steel material using the FCW. It was not possible to prevent the occurrence of “hot water farewell”. This is because, in TIG welding between an aluminum alloy material and a steel material using the FCW, the welding mechanism, the mechanism of occurrence of the “hot water separation”, and the like are different from those in the TIG welding between the steel materials. it is conceivable that. Moreover, the said patent document 6 is related with the butt welding method of a thick plate, and it is difficult to apply as it is to the lap fillet welding of a thin plate.

  In addition, the method using a magnetic field as in Patent Document 4 may be effective in generating the above-mentioned “boiled-up”, but requires a separate magnet device and controls the electromagnetic force generated thereby. Necessary for acting on the welding arc, it is not practical because it cannot be easily realized by extension of existing welding equipment and welding conditions.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and its purpose is to prevent "hot water separation" when applying TIG welding to a dissimilar material joining between an aluminum alloy material and a steel material, thereby achieving high joint strength. The object of the present invention is to provide a dissimilar material joining method capable of obtaining a dissimilar material welded joint (dissimilar material joint).

  The gist of the dissimilar material joining method of the present invention for achieving this object is to form a joint in which an aluminum alloy material is stacked on a steel material, and to use the aluminum alloy material as a positive electrode and a direct current TIG welding using a flux cored wire. In a dissimilar material joining method in which wire joining is performed using a tungsten electrode having an asymmetrical shape in which a tip portion is obliquely cut at a tip angle of 20 to 40 degrees with respect to a central axis, An arc generated from the tip of the tungsten electrode with the tip of the aluminum alloy material facing from the upper side of the aluminum alloy material toward the weld line so that the tip is pointed toward the steel material side and the tip surface cut obliquely toward the aluminum alloy material side. Is directed to the steel material side.

  The inventors of the present invention have examined the cause of the occurrence of the “hot water separation” when the aluminum alloy material is TIG-welded to the steel material under efficient construction conditions that are generally used. As a result, it was concluded that the cause of the occurrence of “hot water separation” was that the arc generated from the commonly used tungsten electrode for TIG welding was shifted (biased) to the aluminum alloy material side.

  Then, it has been found that the shape of the tip of the tungsten electrode and the positional relationship or arrangement relationship between the aluminum alloy material at the tip of the electrode greatly affect the side of the arc. On the other hand, as described later, “hot water separation” cannot be effectively prevented by the shape of the tip of the electrode as conventionally proposed and the positional relationship with the aluminum alloy material of the tip of the electrode. That is, the tip portion of the tungsten electrode has a so-called eccentric tip portion shape as in the present invention, defines the positional relationship of the electrode tip portion of such an eccentric shape, the arc is not on the aluminum alloy material side, The problem of “hot water separation” will not be solved unless it is oriented toward the steel side.

  According to the present invention, when TIG welding using the FCW is applied to the dissimilar joining between an aluminum alloy material and a steel material, “welding up” is prevented and the joint strength is high without greatly changing welding conditions. A dissimilar material joining method capable of obtaining a welded joint can be provided.

It is the side view (left side) and front view (right side) which show the front-end | tip part shape of the electrode in this invention. It is a front view which shows the conventional cone-shaped electrode front-end | tip part shape. It is the side view (left side) and front view (right side) which show the front-end | tip part shape of the electrode of a comparative example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the TIG welding construction example of this invention using the electrode of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the TIG welding construction example of the comparative example using the electrode of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the TIG welding construction example of the comparative example using the electrode of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the conventional TIG welding construction using the conventional electrode of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the TIG welding execution example of the comparative example using the comparative example electrode of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the construction example of general TIG welding. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of the hot water parting which generate | occur | produces by TIG welding.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Causes of hot water breakup:
According to the knowledge of the present inventors, the cause of occurrence of “hot water separation” in TIG welding of a lap joint between an aluminum alloy material and a steel material is that an arc generated from a commonly used tungsten electrode is biased toward the aluminum alloy material side (biased). ) That is, due to the deviation (bias) of the arc toward the aluminum alloy material side, the temperature on the steel material side does not rise sufficiently, the flux supplied from the FCW does not spread on the steel sheet, and the wettability between the molten aluminum and the steel sheet It is because of not being able to improve.

  This will be described more specifically with reference to FIG. In general, in efficient TIG welding, a tungsten electrode 30 for TIG welding having a conical shape in which the tip portion 31 is sharpened with a pencil is widely used. Under such general-purpose TIG welding conditions, the target position of the conical pointed tip 31a of the electrode 30 is usually positioned immediately above the welding line that is the end 11a of the aluminum alloy material (aluminum alloy plate) 11. However, even if the target position of the tip 31a is positioned just above the weld line (end portion 11a), the arc 3 (indicated by a plurality of arrows) generated downward from the electrode tip 30a is inevitably generated. In particular, there is a tendency that the aluminum alloy material 11 side is largely displaced and the steel material 12 side is not so suitable.

  For this reason, only the aluminum alloy material 11 side is melted in advance (priority), and melting of the supplied FCW 7 is delayed rather than simultaneously. Therefore, the flux does not spread sufficiently on the surface of the steel material (steel plate) 12, and it becomes difficult to secure wettability of the molten aluminum to be the steel material 12 side bead in the aluminum alloy material 11 to the steel material 12 side. Further, it is presumed that due to the deviation of the arc toward the aluminum alloy material 11 side, the temperature rise on the steel material 12 side also becomes relatively slow, which largely inhibits the spread of the flux to the steel material surface.

  Due to these phenomena, the molten aluminum on the aluminum alloy material 11 side hardly spreads on the steel material 12 side, and the molten aluminum is pushed to the aluminum alloy material 11 side by the offset arc 3. It moves more to the side and solidifies as a bead 4a. In this regard, as the melting range on the aluminum alloy material 11 side becomes wider, the amount of movement of the molten metal to the aluminum alloy material 11 side increases.

  On the other hand, the supplied melt of FCW 7 spreads on the surface of the steel material 12 side due to the effect of the flux, but is pushed in the direction of the steel material 12 opposite to the aluminum alloy material 11 by the offset arc 3. As a result, the molten FCW 7 cannot be mixed with the molten aluminum of the aluminum alloy material 11, and solidifies as another bead 4b separated from the bead 4a. As a result, hot water separation between the beads 4a and the beads 4b occurs.

Countermeasures for hot water farewell:
A person skilled in the art considers that the following measures are generally required in order to suppress the hot water separation mechanism and prevent the occurrence of hot water separation. (1) FCW 7 is melted as soon as possible to ensure wettability. Or (2) The melting range of the aluminum alloy material 11 is suppressed, and the movement of the molten aluminum toward the aluminum alloy material 11 is reduced. However, it is necessary to ensure the melting of the entire area of the aluminum alloy material 11 in the thickness (plate thickness) direction.

  And if such a measure is followed, those skilled in the art can conceivably improve the welding conditions as described below. However, as a result of actual confirmation by the inventors through a welding test, all of them are separated from hot water. It was not possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of.

(Comparison improvement technique 1: Target position of electrode)
The position of the tungsten electrode (torch) 30 in FIG. 10 was moved 0.5 mm to the steel material 12 side (right side in FIG. 10) to reduce the heat input to the aluminum alloy material 11 side. However, since a stronger arc 3 is generated between the electrode tip 31a and the upper end of the aluminum alloy material 11, the effect of preventing the occurrence of hot water separation was small. Further, when moving 1 mm toward the steel material 12, the arc 3 was strongly generated between the electrode 30 and the steel material 12, the steel material began to melt, and the joining itself could not be performed.

(Comparison improvement technique 2: Torch angle)
In welding an aluminum alloy and steel, heat is generally input from above the aluminum alloy plate in order to melt only the aluminum alloy and avoid melting the steel. However, in FIG. 10, in order to suppress the melting range of the aluminum alloy material 11, the tungsten electrode (torch) 30 is intentionally inclined at an angle of 10 degrees with respect to the normal direction of the plate while being orthogonal to the weld line. Welding was performed with the aim of the tip 31a as an overlap portion of the aluminum alloy material 11 and the steel material 12. As a result, although melting on the aluminum alloy material 11 side was slightly suppressed, it was not possible to completely prevent hot water separation.

(Comparison improvement technology 3: Power supply)
In FIG. 10, when the power source is changed from an AC power source to a DC power source, the spread of the arc 3 to the aluminum alloy material 11 side can be suppressed, and the melting range of the aluminum alloy material 11 is reduced. There wasn't.

Features (strategies) of the present invention:
From these results, it has been found that it is difficult to solve the problem of hot water separation by changing the welding conditions based on the general measures. Therefore, as a result of studying new measures to replace these welding construction improvement techniques, the present inventors changed the distribution of heat input to the aluminum alloy material / FCW / steel material with the direction of the arc directed to the steel material side. The idea was to prevent the separation of hot water by suppressing the movement of the molten aluminum alloy material toward the aluminum alloy material. In addition, in order to change the distribution of heat input to the aluminum alloy material / FCW / steel material with the direction of the arc directed to the steel material side, the tip shape of the tungsten electrode and the position of the tip shape during welding The relationship was greatly influenced and found to be effective.

  In this respect, when the TIG welding is applied to the dissimilar material joining of the aluminum alloy material and the steel material as in the present invention with the tip shape of the electrode that has been conventionally proposed or only with the tip shape of the electrode, as described later. Can't prevent “battering”. That is, the tungsten electrode has a so-called eccentric tip shape as in the present invention, defines the positional relationship of such an eccentric shape during welding, and does not direct the arc to the steel material side, As will be described later, the problem of “hot water separation” is not solved.

Electrode tip shape:
First, the tip shape (eccentric tip shape) of the electrode for TIG welding in the present invention will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view (left side) and a front view (right side) showing the shape of the tip of a tungsten electrode for TIG welding in the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view showing a conventional conical electrode tip shape. FIG. 3 is a side view (left side) and a front view (right side) showing the tip shape of the electrode of the comparative example.

  The shape of the distal end portion 31 of the conventional tungsten electrode 30 is usually a conical shape symmetrical with respect to the center axis 32 of the electrode indicated by a one-dot chain line as shown in FIG. For this reason, even if the direction and positional relationship during welding of the tungsten electrode 30 or the welding conditions are devised, the arc from the tungsten electrode tip 31a cannot be directed to the steel side as in the embodiments described later. .

  On the other hand, the tip portion 2 having only one pointed tip 2a of the tungsten electrode 1 in the present invention is on one side (on the side of an aluminum alloy material 11 to be described later) with respect to the center axis 6 of the electrode indicated by a one-dot chain line. Only the left side in the front view on the right side of FIG. 1 has a tip surface (cut surface) 2 that is obliquely cut. As a result, in the front view on the right side of FIG. 1, it has a tip shape that is asymmetric with respect to the central axis 6 of the electrode and has an inverted triangular shape having only one tip 2a. By making the tip shape asymmetric with respect to the central axis 6 of such an electrode and unevenly distributed on one side (aluminum alloy material side described later), the direction during welding of the tungsten electrode 1 described later The arc generated from the tip 2a of the tungsten electrode 1 is further directed toward the steel material side in combination with the positional relationship (by the matching technique with the orientation and positional relationship).

  Here, the center angle 6 of the electrode of the tip surface 2 of the tungsten electrode according to the present invention that is obliquely cut upward from the tip angle 2 of only one (pinpoint) tip 2a is obliquely cut. The angle θ (from the center axis 6 of the electrode) with respect to is in the range of 20 to 40 degrees. If the tip angle θ is out of this range and is too small or conversely too large, it is difficult to direct the arc from the tip 2a of the tungsten electrode 1 to the steel material side. Further, this angle range is also necessary because it is necessary to suppress electrode wear. If the tip angle θ is out of this range and is too small or conversely too large, the electrode wear increases.

  The tip 2a cut obliquely of the tungsten electrode 1 has only one sharp, sharp apex shape or pointed tip shape. However, as long as the effect of directing the arc from the tip 2a of the tungsten electrode 1 to the steel material side is not impaired and the electrode is not consumed, the tip 2a may be rounded, finely cornered or flat. It is good also as the top shape (tip shape) which has a part. Further, the angle (tip angle) θ of the tip surface (cut surface) 2 that is obliquely cut is 20 to 40 degrees without being the same angle (uniform angle) over the entire length of the tip surface (cut surface) 2. If it is within the range, it may be changed sequentially or step by step. Incidentally, the length in the central axis direction from the tip 2a of the portion of the tip surface 2 of the tungsten electrode 1 of the present invention that is obliquely cut can be calculated from the set tip angle θ and the electrode diameter, and is inevitably determined. . However, as a standard in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 mmφ of the diameter of a normal tungsten electrode used in TIG welding, it may be in the range of 1.2 to 11 mm.

  FIG. 3 shows an electrode 20 of a comparative example. The tip portion 21 of the electrode 20 is a tip portion 21 having an inverted triangular shape having a single sharp tip 21a with a tip angle θ of 20 to 40 degrees with respect to the center axis 22 of the electrode. . However, even with such a sharp tip shape, the tip 21 of the electrode 20 of this comparative example is symmetric with respect to the central axis 22 of the electrode, like the tip surface 2 of the tungsten electrode 1 in the present invention. The tip portion is not obliquely cut only on one side with respect to the center axis 6 of the electrode, is asymmetric with respect to the center axis 22 of the electrode, and is unevenly distributed on one side. For this reason, even if it matches with the orientation and positional relationship during welding of this tungsten electrode 20 (even with the matching technique with the orientation and positional relationship), the arc from the tip 21 of the tungsten electrode is effectively prevented as in the embodiments described later. It cannot be directed to the steel side.

Direction and positional relationship during electrode welding:
As described above, the arc from the tungsten electrode tip 1 is moved to the aluminum alloy material side only by devising the shape of the asymmetric tip surface (cut surface) 2 obliquely cut only on one side of the tip portion of the tungsten electrode 1 in FIG. It cannot be oriented. In order to direct the arc from the tungsten electrode tip 1 to the steel material side, as shown in FIG. 4, the asymmetrical tip surface 2 obliquely cut only on one side of the tungsten electrode, And the positional relationship between only one tip 2a and the aluminum alloy material side end 11a, which is a weld line, is important.

  This will be described with reference to TIG welding examples shown in FIGS. 4-8 is explanatory drawing which shows the TIG welding construction example using the electrode of the said FIGS. 1-3.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the position of the pointed tip 2a of the tungsten electrode is directly above the end portion 11a of the aluminum alloy material 11 superimposed on the steel material 12, that is, directly above the weld line. The position is directed from above to below. At the same time, the side of the tip surface 2 having an asymmetric shape obtained by obliquely cutting only one side of the tungsten electrode is directed to the aluminum alloy material 11 side.

  As a result, the arc 3 generated from the tungsten electrode tip 2a (indicated by a plurality of arrows; the same applies to the following figures) can be directed to the steel material 12 side, and the direction of the arc can be directed to the steel material side. Toward this, the distribution of heat input to the aluminum alloy material / FCW / steel material can be changed. For this reason, the movement to the aluminum alloy material 11 side of the molten metal of the aluminum alloy material 11 can be suppressed, a required amount can be moved to the steel material 12 side, and hot water separation can be effectively prevented.

  Further, unlike the improved technologies 1 and 2 for bringing the electrode 1 to the steel material side, excessive (excessive) heat input to the steel material 12 is not caused, and the effect of flux by FCW can be expressed, and the aluminum alloy material 11 A steel-aluminum reaction layer (interface reaction layer) can be appropriately thinned at the bonding interface between the steel material 12 and the steel material 12.

  In order to obtain a joint having sufficient strength by joining different materials of steel and aluminum, it is necessary to distribute the reaction layer (intermetallic compound layer) of steel and aluminum thinly and uniformly. In steel-aluminum TIG welding, when steel is melted at the same time as aluminum, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds are generated, and cracks are generated or sufficient bonding strength is not obtained even if cracks do not occur. . On the other hand, if the molten aluminum is simply brought into contact with the cold steel side, the temperature of the contact portion decreases in a very short time, and the effect of the flux used for removing the oxide film and improving the wettability cannot be sufficiently exhibited. A necessary reaction layer cannot be obtained, and sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the temperature on the steel material side so as not to be excessive within a necessary range.

  On the other hand, even when aluminum is not sufficiently melted, poor bonding (cannot be bonded over the entire thickness) occurs. Therefore, the conditions necessary for both melting of the aluminum alloy material to be welded and raising the temperature of the steel material but not melting must be satisfied at the same time.

  In the present invention, a joint having a good bead appearance and a high joint strength can be obtained by these synergistic effects even in the case of dissimilar material joining by wire welding under efficient TIG construction conditions. That is, in TIG welding under such efficient construction conditions, in order to obtain high joint strength of dissimilar material welded joints, it is difficult to make them compatible with each other, prevention of hot water separation, and a reaction layer of steel and aluminum at the interface It is possible to achieve both suppression of the (interfacial reaction layer) and securing of aluminum melting.

  In view of these effects, the arrangement (positional relationship) between the electrode 1 and the aluminum alloy material 11 is such that the electrode tip 2a is directly above the end 11a (welding line) of the aluminum alloy material 11 as shown in FIG. It is best to set the vertical direction of the electrode 1 in the direction perpendicular to the weld line in FIG. However, it is necessary to allow fluctuations and deviations in conditions in actual welding work, and the deviation in the vertical direction from the weld line (end portion 11a) in the direction perpendicular to the weld line in FIG. It is recommended to be within 5mm and the angle deviation is within ± 5 °.

  Further, when welding is performed, as shown in FIG. 9 described later, an advancing angle α of about 15 ° or less is given to the welding direction (the direction of the welding line, the extending direction of the end portion of the aluminum alloy material 11). Is of course good.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, as described above, the tip surface 2 having an asymmetric shape obtained by obliquely cutting only one side of the tungsten electrode is directed toward the aluminum alloy material 11 (left side in FIG. 4). The direction of the front end surface 2 is arranged so as to be parallel to the welding direction (the direction of the welding line, the extending direction of the end portion 11a of the aluminum alloy material 11 from the front to the back in FIG. 4). However, the direction of the asymmetrically shaped tip surface 2 cut obliquely does not necessarily have to be parallel to the weld line, and the direction of the tip surface 2 is the weld line (extension of the end of the aluminum alloy material 11). The direction may be slightly crossed. However, the allowable amount of the crossing angle is determined by whether or not the arc 3 generated from the tungsten electrode tip 2a can be effectively directed to the steel material 12 side.

  On the other hand, FIGS. 5 and 6 use the electrode 1 having the shape of the tip surface 2 of the present invention of FIG. 1, but the asymmetrical tip surface 2 which is obliquely cut only on one side of the tungsten electrode 1. The positional relationship between the direction of the aluminum alloy material 11 side and the aluminum alloy material side end portion 11a, which is a weld line of only one tip 2a, is out of the scope of the present invention. For this reason, as shown by the direction of the arc 3 in FIGS. 5 and 6, which is supported by an example described later, the arc from the tungsten electrode tip 2 a cannot be directed to the steel material 12 side.

  That is, in FIGS. 5 and 6, the position of the pointed tip 2a of the tungsten electrode is set to the position of the end 11a of the aluminum alloy material 11, that is, directly above the weld line, as in FIG. Nevertheless, in FIG. 5, the side of the tip surface 2 having an asymmetric shape obtained by obliquely cutting only one side of the tungsten electrode is directed to the steel material 12 side opposite to the aluminum alloy material 11 side. In FIG. 6, the direction of the asymmetrically shaped tip surface 2 cut obliquely is a direction that intersects the extending direction of the end portion 11 a of the aluminum alloy material 11 by 90 degrees.

  7 is an example using the electrode 30 having the conventional tip shape 31 of FIG. 2, and FIG. 8 is an example using the electrode 20 having the tip shape 21 of the comparative example of FIG. In these examples, the positions of the sharp tips 31a and 21a of the tungsten electrode are described later, even though the positions are the positions of the end portions 11a of the aluminum alloy material 11, that is, directly above the weld line, as in FIG. Backing up in the examples, as indicated by the direction of the arc 3 in FIGS. 7 and 8, the arc generated from the tungsten electrode tip could not be effectively directed to the steel material 12 side.

  Incidentally, when the electrode of FIG. 8 (FIG. 3) was used, it was possible to suppress the spread of the arc in the direction perpendicular to the tip end line of the electrode and to expect the effect of controlling the melting range and heating range. However, although the spread of the arc 3 is actually suppressed, the deviation of the arc 3 toward the aluminum alloy material 11 cannot be improved, and it is difficult to melt the FCW at an early stage. It moved to the aluminum alloy material 11 side, mixing with the molten FCW became insufficient, and it was not possible to prevent hot water separation.

TIG welding construction:
The TIG welding construction of the present invention can use a normal efficient TIG welding apparatus and welding conditions, which is also an advantage of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows an example of the TIG welding construction of the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 9 and as shown in FIG. 4, in the present invention, as a premise of TIG welding between different materials, the aluminum alloy material 11 is the upper side, and the end of the aluminum alloy material 11 is on the steel material 12. To form a lap joint.

(Positional relationship between steel and aluminum alloy)
Here, when TIG welding using the FCW (flux-cored wire) is used to perform lap fillet welding, etc., the electrodes usually disposed on the upper side of the aluminum alloy material 11 as shown in FIGS. An arc is generated downward from 1. With respect to such welding direction, the aluminum alloy material 11 (end portion) is set as the upper side and the steel material 12 (end portion) is set as the lower side, and they are overlapped and welded. Such mutual positional relationship in the joint forms a good bead of aluminum welding material over both the welding surfaces of the steel material 12 and the aluminum alloy material 11, and obtains a dissimilar material joined body (joint) with high joint strength. Therefore, it is preferable.

  When this positional relationship is reversed and welding is performed with the steel material 12 on the upper side and the aluminum alloy material 11 on the lower side with respect to the welding direction, high joint strength cannot be obtained. This is because, in such a positional relationship, it becomes difficult to form a bead of aluminum welding material particularly on the welding surface on the steel material 12 side. This is because when the aluminum alloy material 11 side is on the lower side with respect to the welding execution direction, the molten aluminum is difficult to spread on the welding surface on the steel material 12 side, which is the upper side. In this case, at the same time, the supply of flux to the surface of the steel material becomes insufficient, and the effect of improving the wettability between the molten aluminum and the steel is small, and as a result, good bonding cannot be performed.

(Welding construction)
FIG. 9 shows an example of TIG welding using the electrode 1 of FIG. 1 according to the present invention. As an aspect of this TIG welding, FIG. 9 shows an aspect of a general TIG welding apparatus and construction method except that the tip shape and arrangement relation of the electrode according to the present invention of FIG. 4 described above are used. Yes. And the point which can use such general purpose TIG welding is also an advantage of the present invention.

  In FIG. 9, the TIG welding machine generates an arc 3 between the tungsten electrode 1 that is a non-consumable electrode and the aluminum alloy material 11 on the positive electrode side, by a TIG welding power source 9 having a constant current characteristic of direct current, With the end 11a of the aluminum alloy material 11 as a welding line, welding is performed from the left side to the right side in FIG. Here, with regard to the position of the weld line, in the overlap fillet welding as in the present invention of FIG. 9 (or FIGS. 4 to 10), the end of the upper plate, that is, the end of the aluminum alloy material 11 is usually used. 11a becomes a weld line.

  At this time, as is well known, an inert gas 10 such as Ar is supplied to the welded portion from the opening below the gas nozzle 8 surrounding the electrode. In addition, FCW (flux cored wire) 7 is supplied to the weld line from a supply device (not shown) in order to improve the efficiency and welding strength of welding work. It is preferable that such FCW is supplied from the welding direction (front side) in order to improve welding efficiency and to form a good bead. In FIG. 9, 5 is a molten pool formed by an arc 3 (facing the steel material by the arrangement of the electrode 1 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4), and 4 is a bead.

Filler material:
In the present invention, the flux cored wire (FCW) is preferably used as the filler material. In this respect, it is preferable to use a commercially available FCW that has been proposed or used in the past for joining different materials of an aluminum alloy material and a steel material. Such FCW was originally developed for improving the efficiency of fusion welding, and as is well known, the flux is a tubular outer shell (also called a hoop) made of a standard aluminum alloy such as A4047 or A4043 containing Si. Is filled as a core material.

  The wire diameter of the flux cored wire may be a small diameter of about 0.8 to 1.6 mmφ, which is widely used as high-efficiency fully automatic or semi-automatic welding. The composition of the flux is a commercially available flux cored wire (FCW) filled with a flux composed of a fluorine-based composition, commonly called “Nocolok”, for joining different materials of steel and aluminum alloy materials. ) Is applicable. As is well known, this flux is obtained by appropriately mixing an oxide (such as aluminum oxide) or an aluminum alloy powder in addition to the fluorine compound.

(Steel)
The steel material 12 used as a material to be welded is preferably coated with a zinc-based or aluminum-based coating layer by plating or the like on the surface for the purpose of welding efficiency and good bead formation. It may be left (naked). The coating layer can be formed by means such as hot dipping or thermal spraying. As the steel type of the steel material 12, various steel plates or shaped steels such as mild steel, high-tensile steel (high-tensile steel), and cold-rolled steel plate of stainless steel can be applied. This includes parts and parts for car bodies and the like that are molded. From the viewpoint of reducing the thickness for reducing the weight of a vehicle body such as an automobile, a high-strength steel material such as a high-tensile steel plate (high tensile steel) having a known composition containing Si, Mn, etc. and having a tensile strength of 450 MPa or more is preferable. It is preferable to apply.

  Assuming an automobile member or the like, the thickness t of a steel material (at a portion to be welded) such as a cold-rolled steel plate is practically selected from 0.3 to 3.0 mm. If the thickness of the steel material is too thin, the necessary strength and rigidity as an automobile member cannot be ensured, which is inappropriate. On the other hand, when the thickness of the steel material is too thick, the welding joint itself becomes difficult.

(Aluminum alloy material)
As the aluminum alloy material 11 which is a material to be welded, 3000 series, 5000 series, 6000 series, 7000, which are defined by JIS or AA standards, depending on the required characteristics of the vehicle body structure to be applied, such as strength, molding, or corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloys such as those can be used. However, from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness for reducing the weight of the vehicle body such as an automobile, an aluminum alloy having high strength and excellent formability is preferable, and Si / Mg in the composition is 1 or more. Si-rich 6000 series aluminum alloys such as 6N01, 6016, 6111, and 6022 are preferable. These 6000 series aluminum alloys have a strength as a welded joint once lowered by the influence of welding heat by the artificial aging treatment of the joint after welding at a very low temperature of 160 to 180 ° C. for a very short time of about 10 to 50 minutes. It also has the characteristic that elongation can be recovered.

  These aluminum alloy materials are subjected to solution treatment and quenching treatment (quality symbol T4), subsequent aging treatment (quality symbol T6), and overaging treatment (quality symbol T7) after cold rolling and hot extrusion. And used as a welding base material. Incidentally, the shape of the aluminum alloy material 2 is not limited to a cold-rolled plate having a plate shape as a whole, but may be a plate shape in the overlapping portion with the steel material. Can be applied. Further, as described above, these aluminum alloy materials include not only these materials but also vehicle body members and parts obtained by molding these materials into a predetermined shape. The thickness of the aluminum alloy material is selected from the range of 1 to 3 mm for the same reason as the steel material, as the thickness of the aluminum alloy plate and the thickness of many aluminum alloy plates used in the body structure of automobiles and the like. .

  Examples of the present invention will be described below. In the welding construction mode of FIG. 9, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 8, the direction (arrangement and positional relationship) between the tip shape of the tungsten electrode and the aluminum alloy material 11 side is different, and the aluminum alloy plate The end was overlapped on the end of the steel plate and TIG welded to create a dissimilar material welded joint. And the bead appearance and the tensile shear strength (joint strength) of the joint were evaluated. These results are shown in Table 1.

  The tungsten electrode 1 (FIG. 1) used in the example of the present invention has a tip of a commercially available tungsten electrode having a diameter of 3.2 mmφ, and the tip surface (cut surface) 2 has a tip angle of 30 degrees with respect to the central axis 6. In addition to being obliquely cut by θ, the length in the direction of the central axis 6 from the tip 2a of the tip surface 2 was set to 5.6 mm. The conventional tungsten electrode 30 of FIG. 2 has a commercially available diameter of 3.2 mmφ, the tip 31 has a conical shape having a tip angle of 15 degrees with respect to the center axis 32, and the center axis 32 of the cone from the tip 31a. The length in the direction was 6.0 mm and the shape was symmetrical. The tungsten electrode 20 (FIG. 3) of the comparative example is a conical shape in which a commercially available tungsten electrode having a diameter of 3.2 mmφ is processed and the tip surface 21 has a tip angle of 15 degrees with respect to the central axis 22. The length of the cone in the direction of the central axis 22 was 6.0 mm and had a symmetrical tip shape.

In each of these examples, the common welding conditions were as follows.
The FCW wire contains 5% by mass of a K-Al-F system (Noroclock flux) as a powder flux, and the skin material (hoop) is an aluminum alloy to which 1.25% by mass of Si is added, and the wire diameter is φ1. A commercially available product of 0.2 mm was used.

  The welding conditions were DC TIG welding, the current was 80 to 120 A, the welding speed was 30 to 40 cm / min, the filler supply speed was 6 to 9 m / min, and the shielding gas was 20 L / min with Ar. The position of the tungsten electrode 1 (electrode tip 2a) is directly above the end 11a of the aluminum alloy plate 11, and the height of the electrode 1 (electrode tip 2a) is 1.6 mm above the surface of the aluminum alloy plate 11. did. The advance angle α of the electrode was 10 degrees, and a bead length of 200 mm was welded.

  The aluminum alloy plate 11 was a 6000 series (6022) aluminum alloy cold-rolled plate having a thickness of 1.2 and 2.0 mm, and the steel material 12 was a 980 MPa class high-tensile GA steel plate having a thickness of 1.4 mm.

Bead appearance:
As shown in FIG. 9, the appearance of the bead 4 is that the bead 4 is continuously and satisfactorily formed over both the welded surface of the steel plate 12 and the welded surface of the aluminum alloy plate 11 as shown in FIG. 9. I was in a state. Further, in comparison with this, the case where the size of the bead on the welding surface side of the steel material 12 is comparatively small is marked with ◯, the size of the bead which is too small is marked with △, and the case where the hot water separation as shown in FIG. It was evaluated.

Tensile shear strength (tensile breaking strength) of joints:
About the TIG-welded dissimilar lap fillet joint, a strip-shaped test piece having a plate width of 20 mm was cut out, a tensile test was performed for each of the two samples, and the tensile breaking strength was measured. From the obtained tensile rupture strength (average value of two), the joint efficiency, which is the ratio of the base material A6022 aluminum alloy cold-rolled sheet to the tensile rupture strength, is obtained and manufactured under the same welding conditions as in this example. It evaluated by comparison with the joint efficiency (ratio with respect to the tensile fracture strength of the A6022 aluminum alloy cold-rolled board which is a base material of the joint of this aluminum-to-aluminum joint). The joint efficiency per unit weld line of the laser welded joint between these 6022 aluminum alloy plates is 60% or more. If the joint efficiency of the TIG welded dissimilar lap fillet joint is 60% or more, ○, 40% to 60% If less than △, less than 40%, ×.

  As is clear from Table 1, the joints with different materials of Invention Examples 2 and 6 have good bead appearance and high joint strength even if they are TIG welding under efficient construction conditions. That is, with TIG welding under such efficient construction conditions, it is difficult to achieve compatibility with each other, bead detachment, suppression of the steel-aluminum reaction layer (interfacial reaction layer) at the interface, and aluminum penetration. It is possible to achieve both securing.

  On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, Comparative Examples 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Table 1 have electrode shapes and arrangements out of the conditions of the present invention. For this reason, in general, TIG welding under efficient construction conditions achieves high joint strength by combining bead hot water separation, suppression of the reaction layer between steel and aluminum at the interface, and ensuring aluminum penetration, etc. I can't. Of these, the reason why the comparative examples 3 and 4 are not able to obtain high bonding strength is that the electrode shape (electrode 1) of FIG. 2 is that it is not suitable for the aluminum alloy material 11 side as shown in FIG. Therefore, the arc 3 is oriented as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and the arc from the tungsten electrode tip 2a cannot be directed to the steel material 12 side.

  Therefore, the significance of each requirement prescribed | regulated by this invention is supported from the result of these Examples.

  According to the present invention, when TIG welding is applied to the dissimilar material joining between the aluminum alloy material and the steel material, the dissimilar material joining that prevents the “battering” and obtains the dissimilar material welded joint (dissimilar material joint) having high joining strength. Can provide a method. For this reason, the dissimilar material joining method of the present invention can be usefully applied as a welding method for various dissimilar material structural members in the transportation field such as automobiles and railway vehicles, machine parts, building structures, and the like.

1: tungsten electrode, 2: electrode tip, 3: arc, 4: bead, 5: molten pool, 6: electrode central axis, 7: FCW, 8: gas nozzle, 9: welding power source, 10: inert gas, 11 : Aluminum alloy material, 12: Steel material

Claims (2)

  In a dissimilar material joining method in which a joint is formed by stacking an aluminum alloy material on a steel material, and the aluminum alloy material is used as a positive electrode, and a flux cored wire is used for DC joining by direct current TIG welding. Using a tungsten electrode having an asymmetric shape obliquely cut at a tip angle of 20 to 40 degrees, as the direction during welding of this tungsten electrode, from the upper side of the aluminum alloy material so that the tip is pointed to the steel material side, The dissimilar material joining characterized in that it is directed to the weld line and the tip surface cut obliquely is directed to the aluminum alloy material side so that an arc generated from the tip of the tungsten electrode is directed to the steel material side. Method. 2. The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1, wherein the position of the pointed tip of the tungsten electrode is directly above the weld line of the aluminum alloy material, and the flux cored wire is supplied from the welding progress direction side.