JP5170161B2 - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents
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- JP5170161B2 JP5170161B2 JP2010119191A JP2010119191A JP5170161B2 JP 5170161 B2 JP5170161 B2 JP 5170161B2 JP 2010119191 A JP2010119191 A JP 2010119191A JP 2010119191 A JP2010119191 A JP 2010119191A JP 5170161 B2 JP5170161 B2 JP 5170161B2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
本発明はリチウムイオン電池に係り、特に負極端子および正極端子のそれぞれの所定位置が絶縁被膜で被覆されたリチウムイオン電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a lithium ion battery, and more particularly to a lithium ion battery in which predetermined positions of a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal are covered with an insulating film.
近年、電子技術の大きな進歩により、一般ユーザー向けの携帯用電子機器の小型軽量化が進んでおり、この電子機器のエネルギー源として小型軽量化のリチウムイオン電池が多用されている。なかでも、金属樹脂複合フィルムをパッケージに用い、さらに小型軽量化を図ったリチウムイオン電池が一部実用化されている。 In recent years, due to great advances in electronic technology, portable electronic devices intended for general users have been reduced in size and weight, and lithium-ion batteries that are reduced in size and weight are frequently used as energy sources for these electronic devices. In particular, some lithium ion batteries that use a metal resin composite film as a package and are further reduced in size and weight have been put into practical use.
金属樹脂複合フィルム製のパッケージは、例えばアルミニウム箔製の金属箔芯材と、金属箔芯材の表面に沿うポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)等のポリエステル樹脂やナイロン等のポリアミド樹脂、あるいはポリイミド樹脂製の保護層と、金属箔芯材の裏面に沿うポリプロピレン(PP)あるいはポリエチレン(PE)等のポリオレフィン系樹脂製の金属接着性を有する融着性樹脂層とを積層させたもの等が使用される。 A package made of a metal resin composite film is, for example, a metal foil core material made of aluminum foil, a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) along the surface of the metal foil core material, a polyamide resin such as nylon, or a protection made of polyimide resin. A layer obtained by laminating a layer and a fusible resin layer having a metal adhesive property made of polyolefin resin such as polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) along the back surface of the metal foil core is used.
金属樹脂複合フィルムをパッケージに用いたリチウムイオン電池を製造する際には、図2に示すように負極60および正極61にそれぞれ負極端子62および正極端子63を接合し、これらの負極60および正極61にセパレータ64を積層させ、例えば図3の矢印に示すように巻回することにより発電要素65を形成する(図4参照)。この発電要素65をパッケージ66(図5参照)を中央で折曲げて収容封止することにより、図5に示すリチウムイオン電池70を形成する。 When manufacturing a lithium ion battery using a metal resin composite film for a package, a negative electrode terminal 62 and a positive electrode terminal 63 are joined to a negative electrode 60 and a positive electrode 61, respectively, as shown in FIG. The power generation element 65 is formed by laminating the separator 64 on the substrate and winding it, for example, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 (see FIG. 4). The power generation element 65 is housed and sealed by folding a package 66 (see FIG. 5) at the center, thereby forming a lithium ion battery 70 shown in FIG.
パッケージ66は、矩形状に形成された金属樹脂複合フィルム67を中央の折曲部67Aの上方に発電要素65の形状に対応した窪み(すなわち、収容部68)があらかじめ形成されている。 In the package 66, a metal resin composite film 67 formed in a rectangular shape is formed in advance with a depression corresponding to the shape of the power generating element 65 (that is, the accommodating portion 68) above the central bent portion 67A.
この収容部68に発電要素65を配置した後、金属樹脂複合フィルム67を中央の折曲部67Aで折り曲げ、折曲部67Aから上方の金属樹脂複合フィルムと中央から下方の金属樹脂複合フィルムとを重ね合わせて発電要素65を挟み込み、重ね合わせた金属樹脂フィルム67の三辺を加熱して融着代67B,67C,67Dを形成することで発電要素65をパッケージ66で収容封止する。この際に、金属製の負極端子62および正極端子63を融着代67Dで挟持するとともに、融着代67Dを溶かして負極端子62および正極端子63に接合させる。 After the power generation element 65 is disposed in the accommodating portion 68, the metal resin composite film 67 is bent at the center bent portion 67A, and the metal resin composite film above the bent portion 67A and the metal resin composite film below the center are joined. The power generation element 65 is sandwiched between them, and the three sides of the superimposed metal resin film 67 are heated to form the fusion allowances 67B, 67C, 67D. At this time, the metal negative electrode terminal 62 and the positive electrode terminal 63 are sandwiched by the fusion allowance 67D, and the fusion allowance 67D is melted and joined to the negative electrode terminal 62 and the positive electrode terminal 63.
従来のリチウムイオン電池は、一定期間が経過すると、パッケージ内において露出する負極端子の表面および正極端子の表面に腐食が発生し、これらの腐食が負極端子の開放端部および正極端子の開放端部に向かって成長することにより、負極端子および正極端子と絶縁被膜との間の密着性が低下し、これにより電解液が外部漏洩して初期性能が低下するという問題があった。 In a conventional lithium ion battery, after a certain period of time, corrosion occurs on the surface of the negative electrode terminal and the surface of the positive electrode terminal exposed in the package, and these corrosions are caused by the open end of the negative electrode terminal and the open end of the positive electrode terminal. As a result, the adhesion between the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal and the insulating film is lowered, and this causes a problem that the electrolyte solution leaks to the outside and the initial performance is lowered.
本発明は、前述した問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、気密性を長期間維持できるため電解液が外部漏洩せず、初期性能を長期間維持できるリチウムイオン電池を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery capable of maintaining initial performance for a long period of time without causing electrolyte leakage to the outside because airtightness can be maintained for a long period of time. To do.
本発明は、請求項1に記載したように、セパレータ、負極および正極を具備した発電要素と、前記負極および前記正極にそれぞれ接合された一対の端子と、前記各端子の開放端部が外部露出するように前記発電要素を収容封止するパッケージと、前記パッケージに設けられた所定幅寸法を有する融着代と、前記各端子の所定位置を被覆する絶縁被膜とを備えたリチウムイオン電池であって、前記融着代は、前記絶縁被膜を狭持すると共に前記絶縁被膜に対して前記パッケージの金属樹脂複合フィルムが融着する融着部を有すると共に、前記リチウムイオン電池は、前記融着部よりも内側の部分に、前記絶縁被膜が伸延していることを特徴としている。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, a power generation element including a separator, a negative electrode, and a positive electrode, a pair of terminals respectively bonded to the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and an open end portion of each terminal are externally exposed. A lithium ion battery comprising: a package for accommodating and sealing the power generation element; a fusion allowance having a predetermined width dimension provided in the package; and an insulating film covering a predetermined position of each terminal. The fusion allowance includes a fusion part that sandwiches the insulating coating and the metal resin composite film of the package is fused to the insulating coating, and the lithium ion battery includes the fusion part. Further, the insulating film extends in an inner portion than the above.
ここで、絶縁被膜としては、当該絶縁被膜の幅寸法が融着代の幅寸法と略一致している場合、あらかじめ端子に対して当該絶縁被膜の一部を融着させないでおく構造や、あるいは融着代を形成するにあたって、当該絶縁被膜の一部を金属樹脂複合フィルムに対して融着させないでおく構造等を例示できる。また、絶縁被膜としては、当該絶縁被膜の幅寸法をあらかじめ融着代の幅寸法よりも大きく設定しておき、一定幅寸法を有する融着代を形成することにより、パッケージ内に突出させる構造を採用してもよい。 Here, as the insulating film, when the width dimension of the insulating film substantially matches the width dimension of the fusion allowance, a structure in which a part of the insulating film is not fused in advance to the terminal, or In forming the fusion allowance, a structure in which a part of the insulating coating is not fused to the metal resin composite film can be exemplified. In addition, the insulating coating has a structure in which the width dimension of the insulating coating is set larger than the width dimension of the fusion allowance in advance, and a fusion allowance having a constant width dimension is formed to project into the package. It may be adopted.
本発明によれば、請求項1に記載したように、絶縁被膜が融着部よりも内側の部分に伸延しているため、従来に比較して拡大された絶縁被膜の透過出口によりパッケージの内部に発生する酸の濃度を低くでき、これにより初期性能を長期間維持できる。 According to the present invention, as described in claim 1, since the insulating coating extends to a portion inside the fused portion, the inside of the package is formed by the transmission outlet of the insulating coating that is enlarged as compared with the conventional case. Thus, the concentration of the acid generated can be lowered, and the initial performance can be maintained for a long time.
以下、本発明に係る実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、以下に説明する各実施形態において、図1において説明した部材等については、図中に同一符号あるいは相当符号を付すことにより説明を簡略化あるいは省略する。 DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment described below, the members and the like described in FIG. 1 are simplified or omitted by giving the same reference numerals or equivalent reference numerals in the drawings.
図1に示すように、本発明に係る第1実施形態であるリチウムイオン電池10は、負極11および正極12を具備する発電要素14と、負極11および正極12にそれぞれ接合された負極端子15および正極端子16と、負極端子15の開放端部15Aおよび正極端子16の開放端部16Aが外部露出するように発電要素14を収容封止するパッケージ20と、発電要素14を囲むようにパッケージ20の周縁に設けられた所定幅寸法を有する融着代24,25,26と、負極端子15および正極端子16の所定位置15B、16Bを被覆するとともに融着代26に挟持される負極端子用の絶縁被膜27および正極端子用の絶縁被膜28とを備える。 As shown in FIG. 1, a lithium ion battery 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes a power generation element 14 including a negative electrode 11 and a positive electrode 12, a negative electrode terminal 15 bonded to the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 12, and The positive electrode terminal 16, the package 20 that houses and seals the power generation element 14 so that the open end portion 15A of the negative electrode terminal 15 and the open end portion 16A of the positive electrode terminal 16 are exposed to the outside, and the package 20 so as to surround the power generation element 14 Insulation for a negative electrode terminal that is provided at the periphery and has a predetermined width dimension and covers the predetermined positions 15B and 16B of the negative electrode terminal 15 and the positive electrode terminal 16 and is sandwiched between the fusion allowances 26 A coating 27 and an insulating coating 28 for positive terminal are provided.
発電要素14は、負極11および正極12間に介設されたセパレータ13を有するとともに略楕円状に巻回され、かつ、セパレータ13が発電要素14の軸方向両端部14Aにおいて負極11および正極12よりも突設されている。 The power generation element 14 has a separator 13 interposed between the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 12 and is wound in an approximately elliptical shape, and the separator 13 is formed from the negative electrode 11 and the positive electrode 12 at both axial end portions 14A of the power generation element 14. Is also protruding.
パッケージ20は、矩形状に形成された金属樹脂複合フィルム21を中央の折曲部22の上方に発電要素14の形状に対応した窪み(すなわち、収容部23)があらかじめ形成されている。 In the package 20, a metal resin composite film 21 formed in a rectangular shape is formed in advance with a depression corresponding to the shape of the power generation element 14 (that is, the accommodating portion 23) above the central bent portion 22.
金属樹脂複合フィルム21は、図6に示すように、一例としてアルミニウム箔製の金属箔心材21Aと、金属箔心材21Aの表面に沿う樹脂製の金属接着性を有する保護層21Bと、金属箔心材21Aの裏面に沿う樹脂製の金属接着性を有する融着性樹脂層21Cとが積層されたものが多用される。 As shown in FIG. 6, the metal resin composite film 21 includes, as an example, a metal foil core material 21A made of aluminum foil, a protective layer 21B made of resin metal along the surface of the metal foil core material 21A, and a metal foil core material. A laminate in which a fusible resin layer 21C having a resin metal adhesion along the back surface of 21A is laminated is often used.
絶縁被膜27は、負極端子15の上下面を挟持する一対のシートであり、樹脂製の金属接着性を有する被膜が多用される。絶縁被膜28は、正極端子16の上下面を挟持する一対のシートであり、樹脂製の金属接着性を有する被膜が多用される。 The insulating film 27 is a pair of sheets that sandwich the upper and lower surfaces of the negative electrode terminal 15, and a resin-made film having metal adhesiveness is often used. The insulating coating 28 is a pair of sheets that sandwich the upper and lower surfaces of the positive electrode terminal 16, and a resin-made coating having metal adhesiveness is often used.
図1に示す融着代24,25,26は、収容部23に発電要素14を配置した後、金属樹脂複合フィルム21を折曲部22で折り曲げ、折曲部22から上方の金属樹脂複合フィルムと折曲部22から下方の金属樹脂複合フィルムとを重ね合わせて発電要素14を挟み込み、重ね合わせた金属樹脂フィルムの三辺を加熱して形成される。 In the fusion allowances 24, 25, and 26 shown in FIG. 1, after the power generation element 14 is arranged in the accommodating portion 23, the metal resin composite film 21 is bent at the bent portion 22, and the metal resin composite film above the bent portion 22 is And the metal resin composite film below from the bent portion 22 are overlapped to sandwich the power generating element 14, and the three sides of the overlapped metal resin film are heated.
従来のリチウムイオン電池は、一定期間が経過すると、パッケージ内において露出する負極端子の表面および正極端子の表面に腐食が発生し、これらの腐食が負極端子の開放端部および正極端子の開放端部に向かって成長することにより、負極端子および正極端子と絶縁被膜との間の密着性が低下し、これにより電解液が外部漏洩して初期性能が低下するという問題があった。この問題は、絶縁被膜を拡散透過してパッケージの内部に浸入した水分が電解液と接触して一定以上の濃度の酸を発生させ、この酸が負極端子の表面および正極端子の表面を腐食させることを原因としている。 In a conventional lithium ion battery, after a certain period of time, corrosion occurs on the surface of the negative electrode terminal and the surface of the positive electrode terminal exposed in the package, and these corrosions are caused by the open end of the negative electrode terminal and the open end of the positive electrode terminal. As a result, the adhesion between the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal and the insulating film is lowered, and this causes a problem that the electrolyte solution leaks to the outside and the initial performance is lowered. The problem is that moisture that diffuses and permeates through the insulation coating and enters the package contacts the electrolyte to generate a certain concentration of acid, which corrodes the surface of the negative electrode terminal and the surface of the positive electrode terminal. It is caused by that.
すなわち、従来のリチウムイオン電池は、絶縁被膜の幅寸法が融着代の幅寸法と略一致し、かつ、絶縁被膜の略全域が金属樹脂複合フィルムに対して融着されているため、絶縁被膜を拡散透過した水分が絶縁被膜の端面を透過出口としてパッケージの内部に放出されることになる。この際、従来のリチウムイオン電池は、絶縁被膜における極めて狭い端面が水分の透過出口となるため、透過出口から放出される水分の単位面積あたりの濃度が比較的高くなる傾向にある。このような高濃度の水分は、電解液に接触すると高濃度の酸を発生させる。 That is, in the conventional lithium ion battery, since the width dimension of the insulating coating substantially matches the width dimension of the fusion allowance, and almost the entire area of the insulating coating is fused to the metal resin composite film, Moisture diffused and transmitted through the insulating film is discharged into the package using the end face of the insulating coating as a permeation outlet. At this time, in the conventional lithium ion battery, since the extremely narrow end face of the insulating film serves as a moisture permeation outlet, the concentration per unit area of moisture released from the permeation outlet tends to be relatively high. Such a high concentration of water generates a high concentration of acid when in contact with the electrolyte.
そして、従来のリチウムイオン電池は、高濃度の水分が放出される透過出口が負極端子の表面および正極端子の表面に対して極めて近くに配置されているため、透過出口近傍において発生した高濃度の酸が端子の表面に対して容易に到達し、腐食を開始させる。 In the conventional lithium ion battery, since the permeation outlet from which high-concentration moisture is released is arranged very close to the surface of the negative electrode terminal and the surface of the positive electrode terminal, the high-concentration generated near the permeation outlet Acid easily reaches the surface of the terminal and initiates corrosion.
このような従来のリチウムイオン電池に対して、図6に示す第1実施形態のリチウムイオン電池10Aは、絶縁被膜27,28の幅寸法が融着代26の幅寸法Lと略一致し、あらかじめ負極端子15および正極端子16に対して絶縁被膜27、28の一部を融着させないでおき、かつ、融着代26を形成するにあたって、絶縁被膜27、28の一部を金属樹脂複合フィルム21に対して融着させない非融着部26Bが形成されている。 In contrast to such a conventional lithium ion battery, in the lithium ion battery 10A of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the width dimensions of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 substantially coincide with the width dimension L of the fusion allowance 26, and Insulating coatings 27 and 28 are not partly fused to negative electrode terminal 15 and positive electrode terminal 16, and in forming fusion allowance 26, part of insulating coatings 27 and 28 is metal resin composite film 21. A non-fused portion 26B that is not fused is formed.
従って、このリチウムイオン電池10Aは、絶縁被膜27,28の厚さ方向両面における非融着部26Bに対応する部分がパッケージ20の内部に向かって開放されている。このため、このようなリチウムイオン電池10Aによれば、一定期間が経過後、水分が絶縁被膜27,28を拡散透過してパッケージ20の内部に浸入しても、従来のリチウムイオン電池と異なり、パッケージ20の気密性を長期間維持できるため電解液が外部漏洩せず、これにより初期性能を長期間維持できるという極めて優れた効果が得られる。 Therefore, in this lithium ion battery 10A, the portions corresponding to the non-fused portions 26B on both sides in the thickness direction of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 are opened toward the inside of the package 20. Therefore, according to such a lithium ion battery 10A, even if moisture diffuses and permeates through the insulating coatings 27 and 28 and enters the inside of the package 20 after a certain period of time, unlike the conventional lithium ion battery, Since the airtightness of the package 20 can be maintained for a long time, the electrolyte solution does not leak to the outside, and thereby an extremely excellent effect that the initial performance can be maintained for a long time is obtained.
次に、図7に示す第2実施形態のリチウムイオン電池10Bは、あらかじめ絶縁被膜27,28の幅寸法が融着代26の幅寸法Lより大きく設定されているとともに、融着代26の幅寸法に対応するように融着部が形成され、非融着部が形成されていない。このリチウムイオン電池10Bは、パッケージ20の内部に絶縁被膜27,28の端部27B,28Bが突出している。 Next, in the lithium ion battery 10B of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the width dimensions of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 are set in advance larger than the width dimension L of the fusion allowance 26, and the width of the fusion allowance 26 is set. The fused part is formed so as to correspond to the dimensions, and the non-fused part is not formed. In this lithium ion battery 10B, end portions 27B and 28B of insulating coatings 27 and 28 protrude inside the package 20.
このようなリチウムイオン電池10Bによれば、パッケージ20の内部に突出する絶縁被膜27,28の端部27B,28Bにより、従来に比較して透過出口が大面積化されているため、一定期間が経過後、水分が絶縁被膜27,28を拡散透過してパッケージ20の内部に浸入しても、初期性能を長期間維持できるという前述した第1実施形態と同様な効果が得られる。 According to such a lithium ion battery 10B, the end portions 27B and 28B of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 projecting into the package 20 have a larger area of the permeation outlet as compared with the conventional case. After the elapse of time, even if moisture diffuses and permeates through the insulating coatings 27 and 28 and enters the inside of the package 20, the same effect as in the first embodiment described above that the initial performance can be maintained for a long time can be obtained.
一方、このリチウムイオン電池10Bによれば、パッケージ20の内部に絶縁被膜27,28の端部27B,28Bが突出しているため、絶縁被膜27,28の端部27B,28Bをパッケージ20の内部における負極端子15および正極端子16から離れた個所に配置することにより、パッケージ20の内部において負極端子15および正極端子16から酸が発生する個所を遠ざけることができる。従って、このリチウムイオン電池10Bによれば、前述した第1実施形態に比較して、初期性能を長期間維持できるという効果が顕著に得られる。 On the other hand, according to the lithium ion battery 10B, since the end portions 27B and 28B of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 protrude inside the package 20, the end portions 27B and 28B of the insulating coatings 27 and 28 are placed inside the package 20. By disposing at locations away from the negative electrode terminal 15 and the positive electrode terminal 16, a location where acid is generated from the negative electrode terminal 15 and the positive electrode terminal 16 in the package 20 can be kept away. Therefore, according to the lithium ion battery 10B, the effect that the initial performance can be maintained for a long period of time is significantly obtained as compared with the first embodiment described above.
なお、前述した各実施形態では、発電要素を負極および正極にそれぞれ負極端子および正極端子を接合し、これらの負極および正極の間にセパレータを介在させて巻回した例について説明したが、例えば固体電解質リチウムイオン二次電池では、負極と正極との間に固体電解質層が形成されていることからこれらの間の短絡の可能性は少なく、負極と正極との間にセパレータを設けない構成としてもよい。 In each of the above-described embodiments, an example in which the power generation element is wound with the negative electrode terminal and the positive electrode terminal joined to the negative electrode and the positive electrode, respectively, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode has been described. In an electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery, since a solid electrolyte layer is formed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, there is little possibility of short circuit between them, and a configuration in which a separator is not provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is also possible. Good.
さらに、本発明は、前述した実施形態に限定されるものでなく、適宜な変形,改良等が可能であり、前述した実施形態において例示した発電要素,正極端子、負極端子,絶縁被膜,パッケージ等の材質,形状,寸法,形態,数,配置個所,厚さ寸法等は本発明を達成できるものであれば任意であり、限定されない。 Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and appropriate modifications, improvements, and the like are possible. The power generation element, positive electrode terminal, negative electrode terminal, insulating coating, package, and the like exemplified in the above-described embodiment The material, shape, dimensions, form, number, location, thickness, etc. are arbitrary as long as the present invention can be achieved, and are not limited.
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