JP5145507B1 - Radiation shielding material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
【課題】本発明の課題は、Ｘ線を遮蔽できる放射線遮蔽材を提供することである。
【手段】本発明は、少なくともケイ素、ストロンチウム、マグネシウム、ユーロピウム及びジスプロシウムを必須元素として有する放射線遮蔽材及びその製造方法である。
【選択図】図１An object of the present invention is to provide a radiation shielding material capable of shielding X-rays.
The present invention is a radiation shielding material having at least silicon, strontium, magnesium, europium and dysprosium as essential elements, and a method for producing the same.
[Selection] Figure 1
Description
本発明は、放射線遮蔽材及びその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a radiation shielding material and a manufacturing method thereof.
放射線は、α線、β線、γ線、X線、中性子線等の総称を指す。その中でも、α線やβ線はアルミニウム等の薄膜でも容易に遮蔽できる。一方、γ線、X線、中性子線は物質を透過する性質が高いため、これらを遮蔽する物質が研究開発されている（例えば、特許文献１）。 Radiation refers to a general term for α rays, β rays, γ rays, X rays, neutron rays, and the like. Among them, α rays and β rays can be easily shielded by a thin film such as aluminum. On the other hand, γ-rays, X-rays, and neutron rays have a high property of transmitting substances, and therefore, substances that shield these substances have been researched and developed (for example, Patent Document 1).
このうち、X線やγ線を遮蔽する能力が特に高い物質として、市販品の中では、鉛が知られている。しかし、鉛は、人体に有害であり、自然環境への悪影響も懸念されているため、無鉛の放射線遮蔽材が求められている。 Among these, lead is known as a substance having a particularly high ability to shield X-rays and γ-rays among commercially available products. However, since lead is harmful to the human body and there are concerns about adverse effects on the natural environment, lead-free radiation shielding materials are required.
特に、近年の原子力発電所の事故により、新たな放射線遮蔽材の開発が急務となっている。 In particular, due to recent accidents at nuclear power plants, the development of new radiation shielding materials has become an urgent task.
したがって、X線を遮蔽できる新しい種類の無鉛の放射線遮蔽材の提供が望まれている。 Therefore, it is desired to provide a new type of lead-free radiation shielding material capable of shielding X-rays.
本発明者らは、上記問題に鑑み、鋭意研究を重ねてきた。その結果、特定の元素を含む材料を原材料とすることにより、X線を遮蔽できる物質が得られることを見出した。本発明は、以下の放射線遮蔽材及びその製造方法に関する。 In view of the above problems, the present inventors have made extensive studies. As a result, it has been found that by using a material containing a specific element as a raw material, a substance capable of shielding X-rays can be obtained. The present invention relates to the following radiation shielding materials and methods for producing the same.
項１．少なくともケイ素、ストロンチウム、マグネシウム、ユーロピウム及びジスプロシウムを必須元素として有することを特徴とする放射線遮蔽材。
項２．ケイ素５〜３０質量％、ストロンチウム３０〜６０質量％、マグネシウム１〜２０質量％、ユーロピウム０．１〜５質量％、及びジスプロシウム０．１〜５質量％を含有することを特徴とする前記項１に記載の放射線遮蔽材。
項３．少なくともケイ素酸化物、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ユーロピウム及び酸化ジスプロシウムを焼成して得られることを特徴とする前記項１又は２に記載の放射線遮蔽材。
項４．焼成後、さらにプラズマ焼結されて得られることを特徴とする前記項３に記載の放射線遮蔽材。
項５．少なくともケイ素、ストロンチウム、マグネシウム、ユーロピウム及びジスプロシウムを必須元素として有する放射線遮蔽材の製造方法であって、ケイ素化合物、ストロンチウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、ユーロピウム化合物及びジスプロシウム化合物を混合し、焼成する焼成工程を備えた、放射線遮蔽材の製造方法。
項６．前記焼成工程が、上記化合物に加えて、さらにホウ酸を混合し、焼成する工程である、前記項５に記載の製造方法。
項７．さらに、プラズマ焼結する工程を備えた、前記項５又は６に記載の製造方法。
Item 1. A radiation shielding material comprising at least silicon, strontium, magnesium, europium and dysprosium as essential elements.
Item 2. Item 1 characterized by containing 5-30% by mass of silicon, 30-60% by mass of strontium, 1-20% by mass of magnesium, 0.1-5% by mass of europium, and 0.1-5% by mass of dysprosium. The radiation shielding material described in 1.
Item 3. Item 3. The radiation shielding material according to Item 1 or 2, which is obtained by firing at least silicon oxide, strontium carbonate, magnesium oxide, europium oxide, and dysprosium oxide.
Item 4. Item 4. The radiation shielding material according to Item 3, which is obtained by further plasma sintering after firing.
Item 5. A method for producing a radiation shielding material having at least silicon, strontium, magnesium, europium and dysprosium as essential elements, comprising a firing step of mixing and firing a silicon compound, a strontium compound, a magnesium compound, a europium compound and a dysprosium compound The manufacturing method of a radiation shielding material.
Item 6. Item 6. The method according to Item 5, wherein the baking step is a step of further mixing and baking boric acid in addition to the compound.
Item 7. Furthermore, the manufacturing method of said claim | item 5 or 6 provided with the process of plasma-sintering.
本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、X線を遮蔽することができる。また、紫外線も遮蔽することができる。 The radiation shielding material of the present invention can shield X-rays. In addition, ultraviolet rays can be shielded.
１．放射線遮蔽材
本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、少なくともケイ素、ストロンチウム、マグネシウム、ユーロピウム及びジスプロシウムを必須元素として有することを特徴とする。これらの元素を組み合わせることにより、実用的なレベルで、X線を遮蔽することができる。また、紫外線の吸収も可能である。さらに、ケイ酸塩系化合物であるため鉛よりも比重が軽く、加工性にも優れている。
1. Radiation shielding material The radiation shielding material of the present invention comprises at least silicon, strontium, magnesium, europium and dysprosium as essential elements. By combining these elements, X-rays can be shielded at a practical level. It can also absorb ultraviolet rays. Furthermore, since it is a silicate-based compound, it has a lighter specific gravity than lead and is excellent in workability.
ケイ素（Si）の含有量は、好ましくは５〜３０質量％、より好ましくは１０〜２０質量％である。 The content of silicon (Si) is preferably 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 10 to 20% by mass.
ストロンチウム（Sr）の含有量は、好ましくは３０〜６０質量％、より好ましくは４０〜５０質量％である。 The content of strontium (Sr) is preferably 30 to 60% by mass, more preferably 40 to 50% by mass.
マグネシウム（Mg）の含有量は、好ましくは１〜２０質量％、より好ましくは５〜１０質量％である。 The content of magnesium (Mg) is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 10% by mass.
ユーロピウム（Eu）の含有量は、好ましくは０．１〜５質量％、より好ましくは０．５〜３質量％である。 The content of europium (Eu) is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by mass.
ジスプロシウム（Dy）の含有量は、好ましくは０．１〜５質量％、より好ましくは０．５〜３質量％である。 The content of dysprosium (Dy) is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 3% by mass.
本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、上記必須元素以外にも酸素原子（好ましくは１０〜５０質量％、より好ましくは２０〜４０質量％）を含んでいてもよい。また、ホウ素原子、上記以外の放射線吸収原子（例えば、エルビウム等のランタノイド元素）等を含んでいてもよく、さらには、製造上不可避な不純物等を含んでいてもよい。 The radiation shielding material of the present invention may contain oxygen atoms (preferably 10 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass) in addition to the above essential elements. Further, it may contain a boron atom, a radiation absorbing atom other than the above (for example, a lanthanoid element such as erbium) or the like, and may further contain impurities inevitable in production.
本発明では、有害性の観点から、鉛元素を実質的に含まないことが好ましい。例えば、５質量％以下、好ましくは１質量％以下である。 In this invention, it is preferable that lead element is not included substantially from a harmful viewpoint. For example, it is 5% by mass or less, preferably 1% by mass or less.
本発明の放射線遮蔽材の形状は、遮蔽材の使用方法等に応じて適宜決定すればよいが、例えば、粒状（粉体）、ペレット状、塊状、フィルム状、板状等が挙げられる。特に、本発明の遮蔽材は、粉体加工が可能で、他の有機物（粉状、繊維状）等に混入させ、様々な遮蔽用途に使用することができる。 The shape of the radiation shielding material of the present invention may be appropriately determined according to the method of using the shielding material, and examples thereof include granular (powder), pellet shape, lump shape, film shape, plate shape and the like. In particular, the shielding material of the present invention can be powder-processed and mixed with other organic substances (powder, fibers) or the like and used for various shielding applications.
粒状の場合は、例えば、平均粒子径が０．１μｍ〜１０００μｍ、好ましくは１μｍ〜１００μｍとすればよい。 In the case of granular, for example, the average particle diameter may be 0.1 μm to 1000 μm, preferably 1 μm to 100 μm.
また、本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、上記必須元素等を含有する化合物単独で使用してもよいし、例えば、水、有機溶剤（アルコール、エーテル等）、界面活性剤、樹脂バインダー、無機粒子、有機粒子、本発明以外の放射線遮蔽材等といった添加剤と併せて使用してもよい。特に、本発明では、チタン、酸化チタン等のチタン化合物を併用することが好ましい。これにより、紫外線の遮蔽性をより向上させることができる。 Further, the radiation shielding material of the present invention may be used alone as a compound containing the above essential elements, for example, water, an organic solvent (alcohol, ether, etc.), a surfactant, a resin binder, inorganic particles, You may use together with additives, such as organic particles and a radiation shielding material other than this invention. In particular, in the present invention, it is preferable to use a titanium compound such as titanium or titanium oxide in combination. Thereby, the ultraviolet shielding property can be further improved.
本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、放射線を遮蔽（防護）する用途に様々な形で使用できる。例えば、防護エプロン、医療用エプロン、防護服、宇宙服、壁紙、外装壁面、屋根材、化粧品、日焼け止め、顔用クリーム、医療機器（マンモグラフィー等）などに使用することができる。特に、本発明では、Ｘ線のみならず紫外線も遮蔽できるため、化粧品、日焼け止め等に適している。 The radiation shielding material of the present invention can be used in various forms for the purpose of shielding (protecting) radiation. For example, it can be used for protective apron, medical apron, protective suit, space suit, wallpaper, exterior wall surface, roofing material, cosmetics, sunscreen, facial cream, medical equipment (mammography, etc.) and the like. In particular, in the present invention, not only X-rays but also ultraviolet rays can be shielded, which is suitable for cosmetics, sunscreens and the like.
２．放射線遮蔽材の製造方法
本発明の放射線遮蔽材の好適な製造方法は、ケイ素化合物、ストロンチウム化合物、マグネシウム化合物、ユーロピウム化合物及びジスプロシウム化合物を混合し、焼成する焼成工程を備えることを特徴とする。具体的には、例えば、ケイ素酸化物、炭酸ストロンチウム（ＳｒＣＯ３）、酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）、
酸化ユーロピウム（Ｅｕ２Ｏ３）及び酸化ジスプロシウム（Ｄｙ２Ｏ３）を混合し、焼結する工程を経ることにより製造することができる。
2. 2. Manufacturing method of radiation shielding material The suitable manufacturing method of the radiation shielding material of this invention is equipped with the baking process of mixing and baking a silicon compound, a strontium compound, a magnesium compound, a europium compound, and a dysprosium compound. Specifically, for example, silicon oxide, strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), magnesium oxide (MgO),
It can be manufactured by mixing and sintering europium oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ) and dysprosium oxide (Dy 2 O 3 ).
ケイ素酸化物としては、二酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ２）、一酸化ケイ素（ＳｉＯ）等のいずれでもよいが、本発明ではＳｉＯ２が好適に用いられる。 As the silicon oxide, any of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), silicon monoxide (SiO) and the like may be used, but in the present invention, SiO 2 is preferably used.
配合割合は限定的でないが、例えば、
ケイ素酸化物２０〜６０質量％、好ましくは３０〜５０質量％、
炭酸ストロンチウム２０〜６０質量％、好ましくは３０〜５０質量％、
酸化マグネシウ５〜４０質量％、好ましくは１０〜３０質量％、
酸化ユーロピウム０．１〜５質量％、好ましくは０．２〜１質量％及び
酸化ジスプロシウム０．１〜５質量％、好ましくは０．２〜１質量％、
とすればよい。
The blending ratio is not limited, but for example,
20 to 60% by mass of silicon oxide, preferably 30 to 50% by mass,
20-60% by weight of strontium carbonate, preferably 30-50% by weight,
Magnesium oxide 5 to 40% by mass, preferably 10 to 30% by mass,
Europium oxide 0.1-5% by weight, preferably 0.2-1% by weight and dysprosium oxide 0.1-5% by weight, preferably 0.2-1% by weight,
And it is sufficient.
上記原料に加えて、さらにホウ酸（Ｈ３ＢＯ３）等のホウ素化合物を加えてもよい。これにより、焼成時に金属間の電子移動を容易にさせ、酸化還元作用を促進させることができる。ホウ酸の配合量は限定的でないが、好ましくは０．１〜５質量％、より好ましくは０．５〜３質量％である。 In addition to the raw materials, a boron compound such as boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) may be further added. Thereby, the electron transfer between metals can be made easy at the time of baking, and a redox action can be promoted. Although the compounding quantity of a boric acid is not limited, Preferably it is 0.1-5 mass%, More preferably, it is 0.5-3 mass%.
混合した後、ボールミル、ロッドミル等の粉砕機で上記原料を粉砕してもよいし、粉砕しなくてもよいが、本発明では粉砕することが好ましい。 After mixing, the raw material may be pulverized by a pulverizer such as a ball mill or a rod mill, or may not be pulverized, but in the present invention, pulverization is preferable.
焼成温度は、例えば、電気炉にて５００〜２０００℃、好ましくは１０００〜１５００℃とすればよい。 The firing temperature may be, for example, 500 to 2000 ° C., preferably 1000 to 1500 ° C. in an electric furnace.
焼成雰囲気は、大気雰囲気及び不活性ガス雰囲気のいずれでもよいが、好ましくは大気雰囲気である。 The firing atmosphere may be either an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere, but is preferably an air atmosphere.
焼成時間は、焼成温度、焼成雰囲気等に応じて適宜決定すればよいが、例えば、１０分〜１０時間、好ましくは３０分〜５時間とすればよい。 The firing time may be appropriately determined according to the firing temperature, firing atmosphere, and the like, but may be, for example, 10 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 5 hours.
本発明では、上記焼成工程後に、さらにプラズマ焼結工程を加えることが好ましい。これにより、得られる放射線遮蔽材のX線の吸収量を向上させることができる。 In this invention, it is preferable to add a plasma sintering process after the said baking process. Thereby, the amount of X-ray absorption of the obtained radiation shielding material can be improved.
プラズマ焼結は、常法に従って行えばよく、例えばプラズマ焼結機で、５００〜２０００℃（好ましくは７００〜１５００℃）にて焼結すればよい。
焼結時間は、焼結温度に応じて適宜決定すればよいが、例えば、５分〜２時間、好ましくは１０分〜１時間とすればよい。
Plasma sintering may be performed according to a conventional method. For example, it may be performed at 500 to 2000 ° C. (preferably 700 to 1500 ° C.) with a plasma sintering machine.
Although what is necessary is just to determine sintering time suitably according to sintering temperature, For example, 5 minutes-2 hours, Preferably what is necessary is just to be 10 minutes-1 hour.
本発明を、以下に実施例を用いて、さらに詳細に説明する。なお、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.
＜実施例１＞
ＳｉＯ２（岩井化学薬品社製）４０質量％、ＳｒＣＯ３（本荘ケミカル社製）３８．２質量％、ＭｇＯ（宇部マテリアルズ社製）２０質量％、Ｅｕ２Ｏ３（ネオマグ社製）０．４質量％、Ｄｙ２Ｏ３（ネオマグ社製）０．４質量％及びＨ３ＢＯ３（岩井化学薬品社製）１質量％をボールミル混合器に入れ、１時間混合した。次いで、電気炉に入れ、大気雰囲気で、１３００℃、２時間の条件で焼成した。焼成後、常温まで自然冷却し、ボールミル混合機にて平均粒子径が７μｍになるまで粉砕した（図１）。これにより、実施例１の放射線遮蔽材を得た（図２）。
<Example 1>
SiO 2 (manufactured by Iwai Chemicals) 40% by mass, SrCO 3 (manufactured by Honjo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 38.2% by mass, MgO (manufactured by Ube Materials) 20% by mass, Eu 2 O 3 (manufactured by Neomag) 0. 4% by mass, 0.4% by mass of Dy 2 O 3 (manufactured by Neomag) and 1% by mass of H 3 BO 3 (manufactured by Iwai Chemicals) were placed in a ball mill mixer and mixed for 1 hour. Next, it was put in an electric furnace and baked under conditions of 1300 ° C. and 2 hours in an air atmosphere. After firing, it was naturally cooled to room temperature and pulverized with a ball mill mixer until the average particle size became 7 μm (FIG. 1). This obtained the radiation shielding material of Example 1 (FIG. 2).
なお、実施例１の放射線遮蔽材の組成比率を測定したところ、Si13.3質量%、Sr42.4質量％、Mg6.23質量％、Eu0.84質量％、Dy1.83質量％、O（酸素原子）31.3質量％であり、残りは不純物であった。 In addition, when the composition ratio of the radiation shielding material of Example 1 was measured, Si13.3 mass%, Sr42.4 mass%, Mg6.23 mass%, Eu0.84 mass%, Dy1.83 mass%, O (oxygen) Atom) 31.3% by mass, and the rest were impurities.
比重を測定したところ、3.7g/cm3であった。X線回折装置による定性分析及び蛍光X線分析で測定したところ、上記実施例１は、Sr2MgSi2O7・Eu3＋,Dy３＋であることが推定された。 When the specific gravity was measured, it was 3.7 g / cm 3 . As a result of qualitative analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis using an X-ray diffractometer, it was estimated that Example 1 was Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 .Eu 3+ , Dy 3+ .
＜実施例２＞
実施例１で得られた放射線遮蔽材をさらに、プラズマ焼結機（SPSシンテック社製、製品名「SPS-1030」）にて、１０００℃で、約３０分焼結した。焼結後、常温まで自然冷却し、実施例２の放射線遮蔽材（ペレット状、厚み３ｍｍ）を得た。
＜比較例＞
鉛板（厚さ０．３ｍｍ、市販品）、アルミニウム板（厚さ３ｍｍ、市販品）をそれぞれ比較例１及び比較例２とした。
<Example 2>
The radiation shielding material obtained in Example 1 was further sintered at 1000 ° C. for about 30 minutes with a plasma sintering machine (product name “SPS-1030” manufactured by SPS Shintec Co., Ltd.). After sintering, it was naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the radiation shielding material of Example 2 (pellet shape, thickness 3 mm).
<Comparative example>
A lead plate (thickness 0.3 mm, commercial product) and an aluminum plate (thickness 3 mm, commercial product) were used as Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively.
＜X線遮蔽性能（X線透過率測定）＞
実施例１の放射線遮蔽材は、さらにプレス機によりペレット状（厚み３．９５ｍｍ）に加工した。透過法により、測定エネルギー５０keVの条件で、実施例１〜２及び比較例１〜２の試料のX線の透過率を測定し、透過率から線吸収係数を計算した。なお、線吸収係数は、透過率の自然対数をとった値を、試料の厚み（ｃｍ）で除することにより計算される。得られた測定結果を表１に示す。
<X-ray shielding performance (X-ray transmittance measurement)>
The radiation shielding material of Example 1 was further processed into a pellet shape (thickness 3.95 mm) using a press. By the transmission method, the X-ray transmittance of the samples of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was measured under the condition of a measurement energy of 50 keV, and the linear absorption coefficient was calculated from the transmittance. The linear absorption coefficient is calculated by dividing the natural logarithm of transmittance by the thickness (cm) of the sample. The obtained measurement results are shown in Table 1.
＜紫外線遮蔽能：紫外線透過測定＞
紫外可視分光光度計（UV2400PC、島津製作所製）により、実施例１の紫外線の透過率を測定した。その結果、２５０ｎｍ〜４００ｎｍの波長域においては、透過率が20%以下であった。
<Ultraviolet shielding ability: UV transmission measurement>
The ultraviolet transmittance of Example 1 was measured with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV2400PC, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). As a result, the transmittance was 20% or less in the wavelength range of 250 nm to 400 nm.
上記の結果から、X線透過率測定において、本発明の実施例１及び２は、比較例１のX線遮蔽物質としては非常に優れている鉛には及ばないものの、実用的な厚さで十分低い透過率を得ることができ、良好な線吸収係数を有している。特に、比較例２のアルミニウムと比較すると、十分に良好な線吸収係数を持っていることが分かる。 From the above results, in the X-ray transmittance measurement, Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention have practical thicknesses, although they are not as good as lead as the X-ray shielding material of Comparative Example 1. Sufficiently low transmittance can be obtained and it has a good linear absorption coefficient. In particular, when compared with the aluminum of Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that it has a sufficiently good linear absorption coefficient.
加えて、本発明の実施例１は、紫外線の透過率が低いため、良好な紫外線遮蔽性能を有していることも分かる。さらには、電子線に対しても効果がある。 In addition, it can be seen that Example 1 of the present invention has a good ultraviolet shielding performance because of its low ultraviolet transmittance. Furthermore, it is also effective for electron beams.
また、本発明の放射線遮蔽材は、比重が鉛の比重(11.34)よりも大幅に軽く、粒状や板状に容易に変形することができ加工性にも優れている。よって、さまざまな用途や形態で使用可能であることが分かる。 The radiation shielding material of the present invention has a specific gravity that is significantly lighter than the specific gravity of lead (11.34), can be easily deformed into a granular or plate shape, and is excellent in workability. Therefore, it turns out that it can be used for various uses and forms.
Claims (4)
少なくともケイ素酸化物、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ユーロピウム及び酸化ジスプロシウムを焼成して得られるものであって、
焼成後、さらにプラズマ焼結されて得られることを特徴とする放射線遮蔽材。 Having at least silicon, strontium, magnesium, europium and dysprosium as essential elements ,
It is obtained by firing at least silicon oxide, strontium carbonate, magnesium oxide, europium oxide and dysprosium oxide,
A radiation shielding material obtained by further plasma sintering after firing .
The manufacturing method according to claim 3 , wherein the firing step is a step of further mixing and firing boric acid in addition to the compound.
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