JP5133769B2 - Wide-angle optical system and apparatus including the same - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wide-angle optical system that enters or emits light with a wide angle of view and a device including the same, and, for example, an optical radar device and a vehicle camera, a dental camera, and a medical camera that are mounted on a vehicle. The present invention relates to a wide-angle optical system suitable for an electronic camera, a digital photographing device, an optical tape scanning device, an endoscope, a projector device, and the like capable of photographing an ultra-wide-angle field of view, and a device including the same.

Conventionally, configurations described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 have been proposed as wide-angle optical systems that allow light to enter or exit at a wide angle of view.
JP-A-9-49880 JP-A-8-248484 WO01 / 063915 Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-513140

The configuration described in Patent Document 1 is used in, for example, a vehicle optical radar device that is mounted on a vehicle and monitors the periphery of the vehicle and controls the inter-vehicle distance. As shown in FIG. 14, the light transmitting side reflecting means 54 and the light receiving side reflecting means 57 are held by a holding means 58 so as to be rotatable around a rotation shaft 58a while keeping the relative positional relationship constant. ing. In FIG. 14, 51 is a light emitting means, 52 is a lens, 53 is a mirror, 55 is a window member for light transmission, 56 is a window member for light reception, 59 is a Fresnel lens, and 60 is a light receiving element.
In the configuration described in Patent Document 1, the light transmitting side reflecting means 54 and the light receiving side reflecting means 57 are integrally rotated about the rotation shaft 58a to emit light by the light emitting means 51, and the lens 52, The incident angle of the light incident on the light transmitting side reflecting means 54 via the mirror 53 is changed to change the direction of the light reflected by the light transmitting side reflecting means 54 and is not shown through the light transmitting window member 55. The light irradiated to the target object is scanned in the horizontal direction in FIG. 14, and the incident angle of the light reflected by the target object and passing through the light receiving window member 56 and incident on the light receiving side reflecting means 57 is changed to receive the light receiving side reflection. The direction of the light reflected by the means 57 is changed, and the light received by the light receiving element 60 via the Fresnel lens 59 is scanned in the horizontal direction, whereby the light is emitted and incident with a wide angle of view. You can It has become.

Further, the configuration described in Patent Document 2 is mounted on a vehicle, for example, and used for a vehicle camera for confirming safety in the left-right direction of the vehicle. As shown in FIG. 15, reflection members 62R and 62L that guide light incident from the left and right window members 61R and 61L in the same direction (on the lens housing 63 side) are provided. In FIG. 15, reference numeral 64 denotes an image sensor and 65 denotes a signal processing circuit.
In the configuration described in Patent Document 2, the light incident through the left and right window members 61R and 61L is guided to the lens casing 63 via the reflecting members 62R and 62L, and is imaged by the imaging element 64. The reversal of the image captured by the image sensor 64 in the left-right direction is forward-rotated via the signal processing circuit 65, thereby ensuring light (information) in the left-right direction in the vehicle.

The configuration described in Patent Document 3 is used for, for example, an electronic / digital camera having a super-wide-angle field of view used in a surveillance camera or a medical field. As shown in FIG. 16, it has a super-wide-angle lens 71 having an entrance pupil E1 (a stop 72) at its center position, and a light receiving element 73 having a light receiving surface 73a formed in a concave shape.
In the configuration described in Patent Document 3, an image of an observation object with a super-wide angle near a viewing angle of 180 ° can be captured as optical information via the super-wide-angle lens 71. Furthermore, by making the light receiving surface 73a concave, distortion in the captured image is removed, and an observation image with high resolution and high image quality can be obtained.

The configuration described in Patent Document 4 is used for, for example, a wide-angle scanning objective lens system of an optical tape scanning device that converts a collimated radiation beam whose angular position changes into a scanning spot whose position changes. is there. As shown in FIG. 17, a first optical element group 82 having an intermediate image formation position P1 and a second optical element group 83 for forming an image at the intermediate image formation position P1 on a scanning spot are provided. In FIG. 17, 81 is a window member, 80 is an incident angle changing means for causing a collimated radiation beam to enter the window member 81 by changing the incident angle through, for example, a polygon mirror (not shown), and 84. Is the surface to be scanned.
In the configuration described in Patent Document 4, the second optical element group 83 is provided by providing the first optical element group 82 with an optical element having an optical function of correcting the image field curvature of the wide-angle scanning objective lens system. The effect of correcting the image field curvature in the lens is reduced, and the diameters of the lenses constituting the first and second optical element groups 82 and 83 are reduced. In addition, the window member 81 is prevented from being enlarged by positioning the entrance pupil E1 forward.

  However, as described in Patent Document 1, in the configuration in which the angle of incidence and emission are changed by changing the direction of the reflecting surface by integrally rotating the light transmitting side reflecting means 54 and the light receiving side reflecting means 57. In order to be able to enter and exit with a wide angle of view, the window members 55 and 56 must be enlarged, and it is difficult to use the endoscope in an endoscope or the like where downsizing is desired.

  Further, in the configuration in which a plurality of window members 61R and 61L are provided in order to observe the left and right direction with a wide angle of view as described in Patent Document 2, the number of parts increases and the cost increases. Therefore, it is difficult to apply to an observation apparatus that is required to observe a narrow part such as an endoscope at a wide angle. Moreover, with the configuration as described in Patent Document 2, it is not possible to observe the front observation object.

  Further, in the configuration in which the position of the entrance pupil E1 enters the inside of the lens 71 as described in Patent Document 3, the window member 74 that should be provided in the front is enlarged as shown by the broken line.

  Further, as described in Patent Document 4, a scanning spot on a surface 84 on which an image formed at the intermediate image formation position P1 is scanned via the first optical element group 82 and the second optical element group 83. In the configuration in which relaying is performed, the length in the optical axis direction from the window member 81 becomes long, and the entire optical system becomes large.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and has a wide angle of view light (information) while downsizing the window member and shortening the length in the optical axis direction from the window member. An object of the present invention is to provide a wide-angle optical system capable of entering and emitting light and an apparatus including the same.

In order to achieve the above object, a wide-angle optical system according to the present invention includes at least one planar side surface that reflects a part of light that has passed through one window member formed of a transparent flat plate. Of the light that has passed through the light, the light that is not reflected by the planar side and the light that is reflected by the planar side are guided to the same side, and the light that is reflected by the planar side And a light beam not reflected by the planar side surface, and a first optical system configured to intersect at a predetermined pupil position.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, the second light that passes through the window member and is not reflected by the planar side surface and the light reflected by the planar side surface are imaged on the same plane. It is preferable to have an optical system.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member is a plate-like member.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member is a columnar member or a cone-shaped member.

  Further, in the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, the first optical system is a concave surface facing away from the window member at a position farther from the window member than the planar side surface of the optical member. It is preferable to have a shaped lens surface.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the concave lens surface is provided integrally with the optical member.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the first optical system is a magnifying optical system.

  In the wide angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that a light receiving element is provided on the same plane.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable to provide a display element on the same plane.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that a one-dimensional or two-dimensional scan mirror is provided in the vicinity of the predetermined pupil position in the first optical system.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member has two planar side surfaces.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member has three planar side surfaces.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member has four planar side surfaces.

  An apparatus having a wide-angle optical system according to the present invention includes any one of the wide-angle optical system according to the present invention including a light receiving element on the same plane, and the planar shape among images received by the light receiving element. Image processing means for making the image of the part reflected by the side face the same inversion and rotation state as the image of the part not reflected by the planar side face, and continuously combining the image of the part not reflected by the planar side face It is characterized by having.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member is a polygonal column or a polygonal cone.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member is an even-numbered prism or an even-numbered pyramid.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, the optical member is preferably a quadrangular prism or a quadrangular pyramid.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, the optical member is preferably a hexagonal prism or a hexagonal pyramid.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, it is preferable that the optical member is an octagonal prism or an octagonal pyramid.

In the wide angle optical system of the present invention, the planar sides, preferably arranged perpendicular to the transmission plane before Symbol window member.

In the wide angle optical system of the present invention, the planar sides, preferably disposed at an acute angle relative to the transmitting surface of the front Symbol window member.

In the wide angle optical system of the present invention, the planar sides, preferably disposed at an obtuse angle relative to the transmitting surface of the front Symbol window member.

  In addition, a projection apparatus including a wide-angle optical system according to the present invention projects an image displayed on the display element through the wide-angle optical system including the display element on the same plane as described above. The image reflected and projected by the planar side surface and the image projected without being reflected by the planar side surface are displayed on the display element so as to be a continuous image. It is characterized by the construction of an image.

  According to the present invention, a wide-angle optical system capable of entering and emitting light (information) with a wide angle of view while reducing the size of the window member and reducing the length in the optical axis direction from the window member. A device with it is obtained.

First Embodiment FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory views showing a schematic configuration of a wide-angle optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a sectional view taken along the optical axis, and FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the optical member which has a planar side surface in a system. 2A and 2B are explanatory views showing an optical configuration in the vicinity of an optical member having a planar side surface in the wide-angle optical system of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 2A is a view seen from below, and FIG. 2B is a perspective view. 3 is a cross-sectional view along the optical axis showing the optical configuration of the first optical system according to a modification of the wide-angle optical system in FIG. 1, and (a) is a cross-sectional view in the same direction as the wide-angle optical system in FIG. , (B) is a cross-sectional view in a direction perpendicular to the left-right direction with respect to the direction (a). 4 is an explanatory view showing another modification of the optical member having the planar side surface shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a side view in the same direction as the wide-angle optical system in FIG. 1, and (b) is a perspective view. FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing still another modified example of the optical member having the planar side surface shown in FIG. 1, and (a) is a top view showing an example in which the optical member is formed of a hexagonal column. ) Is a top view showing an example in which the optical member is formed of an octagonal prism. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an imaging region on the same plane for each of the light reflected by the planar side surface and the light not reflected by the wide-angle optical system of FIG. 1, and (a) is incident on the window member. FIG. 5B is a diagram showing an example of light reflected and non-reflected on a planar side surface, and FIG. 5B is a diagram showing an imaging region on the same plane of each light shown in FIG.

The wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment has a first optical system 1 and a second optical system 2 as shown in FIG.
The first optical system 1 includes a window member 11, an optical member 12, a negative lens 13, and a positive lens 14.
The window member 11 is composed of a transparent flat plate.
As shown in FIG. 1B, the optical member 12 is formed of a quadrangular prism body made of a transparent medium having side surfaces 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d, an upper surface 12e, and a bottom surface 12f. In addition, the optical member 12 has two side surfaces 12a and 12c incident on the window member 11 and incident in a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 out of the light passing through the window member 11. It is configured to reflect light incident on the window member 11 at a corner. The optical member 12 is configured to guide the light reflected by the side surfaces 12a and 12c to the same side as the light not reflected by the side surfaces 12a and 12c (that is, the side opposite to the window member 11).

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A and 2B, the negative lens 13 is a plano-concave lens in which the surface 13a on the window member 11 side is a flat surface and the surface 13b opposite to the window member 11 is a concave surface. It consists of The outer contour viewed from the optical axis direction is formed in a shape that matches the outer contour of the optical member 12. The negative lens 13 is cemented. As shown in FIG. 3, the optical member 12 may be integrally formed by incorporating the configuration of the negative lens 13 so that the bottom surface 12f is concave. Further, the negative lens 13 does not have to be formed in a shape in which the outer contour matches the outer contour of the optical member 12, and may be disposed at a distance from the optical member 12. The optical member 12 may also serve as a window member.

The first optical system 1 is integrated with an optical member 12 and a negative lens 13 (in FIG. 3, the optical member 12 as shown in FIGS. 1A and 3A and 3B). ) The light beam reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c of the optical member 12 and the light beam not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c through the positive lens 14 are in the state of an afocal beam. Thus, it is configured to intersect with the entrance pupil position E2 of the light beam not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c.
The positive lens 14 converts each incident light beam into a parallel light beam and emits it so as to cross the entrance pupil position E2. The positive lens 14 may be a biconvex lens, a plano-convex lens, or a meniscus convex lens.
Further, the first optical system 1 is configured such that the light beam reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c of the optical member 12 and the light beam not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c are afocal beams. In this state, the optical configuration between the optical member 12 and the entrance pupil position E2 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 as long as it intersects the entrance pupil position E2 of the light beam not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c. It is not limited to the configuration. For example, after the optical member 12, a positive lens and a negative lens may be arranged in this order. Further, the light beam incident on the entrance pupil position E2 may not be afocal.

The second optical system 2 is composed of an imaging lens 21.
The imaging lens 21 passes through the window member 11 and images light that is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c of the optical member 12 and light that is reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c on the same plane. Let

The optical member 12 includes two plate-like members 12 ₁ ′ and 12 ₂ ′ as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B in addition to the columnar members as shown in FIGS. You may comprise. In that case, the inner side surfaces 12a ′ and 12c ′ correspond to the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c that reflect the light incident on the window member 11 at the incident angle within the predetermined range A shown in FIG.

  Further, a planar side surface of the optical member 12 that reflects a part of the light that has passed through the window member 11 (that is, incident in a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 that is larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 in the optical member 12). The planar side surface that reflects the light incident on the window member 11 at the corner is not limited to two surfaces as described above. For example, one surface may be used. Or you may have 2 or more surfaces (for example, 3 surfaces, 4 surfaces).

  Further, when the optical member 12 is constituted by a columnar member, in addition to the quadrangular column shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, for example, a hexagonal column or an octagonal column shown in FIGS. It is preferable that it is composed of a polygonal column with an even number of angles, such as a body and a dodecagonal column. When configured with an even-numbered polygonal column, the side surfaces are located at positions symmetrical with respect to the respective side surfaces. Therefore, when any of the opposing side surfaces is a surface corresponding to the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c that reflect light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle of the predetermined range A1 in the configuration of FIG. The images reflected on these side surfaces and imaged on the same plane are imaged in areas that are line-symmetric with respect to the optical axis, so there is no need to overlap and it is easy to obtain a good observation image. .

  Here, the light reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c of the optical member 12 shown in FIG. 1 (that is, the window member 11 at an incident angle in a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1). In the same plane (that is, the imaging plane) in each of the light that is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c (that is, the light that is incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle equal to or smaller than the predetermined incident angle α1). The imaging position on the above will be described. Here, for convenience, light incident on the window member 11 from a region opposite to the one planar reflecting surface 12a with the optical axis in FIG.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6A, a case is assumed where light traveling toward the planar side surface 12 a is incident on the window member 11. Then, of the light that has passed through the window member 11, the light in the region A1 that is reflected by the planar side surface 12a is imaged in the region A1 ′ on the imaging surface, as shown in FIG. 6B. The On the other hand, the light in the region A0 that is not reflected by the planar side surface is imaged in the region A0 ′. Further, the image of the region A0 ′ is reflected by the planar side surface 12a, so that the horizontal direction is inverted by 180 ° with respect to the image formed in the region A0 ′.
In FIG. 6B, B1 ′ represents the boundary between the imaging region of light not reflected by the planar side surface 12a and the imaging region of light reflected by the planar side surface 12a.

Next, the angle between the planar side surface 12a that reflects the light that has passed through the window member in the optical member 12 and the transmission surface of the window member 11, and the imaging region of the light reflected by the planar side surface 12a. The relationship will be described.
In the example of FIG. 1, the optical member 12 is formed of a quadrangular prism, and the planar side surface 12a (12c) is perpendicular to the transmission surface 11a of the window member 11 as shown in FIG. Has been placed.
In that case, the incident light passes through the incident angle range A0 that is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c) and the incident angle range A1 that is reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c), as shown in FIG. Among the light to be transmitted, a part of the light passing through the boundary region B1 is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c) or reflected by the window member 11 and does not form an image on the imaging surface. For this reason, the image of the area A1 ′ is reversed and rotated in the same state as the image of the area A0 ′ through image processing to be described later, and is pasted to the area A1 ″ following the image of the area A0 ′ shown in FIG. Even if they are combined, the light intensity of the image is weak at the boundary B1 ′ between the region A0 ′ and the region A1 ″, making it difficult to see.

Therefore, it is preferable that the planar side surface 12a (12c) of the optical member 12 is disposed at an acute angle with respect to the transmission surface 11a of the window member 11 as shown in FIG.
In this way, as shown in FIG. 7 (e), the incident angle range A1 reflected by the planar side surface is shifted in the optical axis direction, and the incident angle range A0 not reflected by the planar side surface is Some overlap. As a result, in the configuration of FIG. 7A, the boundary between the incident angle range A0 not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c) and the incident angle range A1 reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c). A part of the light incident through the region B1 is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c), or is reflected by the window member 11 side and does not form an image on the imaging surface, thereby reducing the light intensity of the image. In the configuration of FIG. 7 (d), the light that is difficult to see in the image formation area of the light that is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a rather than the boundary B1 ′ is formed on the image formation surface as shown in FIG. 7 (f). The image is shifted. For this reason, the image formed in the region A1 ′ outside the boundary B1 ′ through the image processing described later is set to the same inverted and rotated state as the image of the region A0 ′, and the region A1 following the image of the region A0 ′. By combining them with "", the object can be observed while maintaining a strong light intensity at the boundary B1 'between the region A0' and the region A1 ".

In addition, you may arrange | position the planar side surface 12a (12c) in the optical member 12 at an obtuse angle with respect to the permeation | transmission surface 11a of the window member 11, as shown in FIG.7 (g).
In this case, as shown in FIG. 7 (h), the incident angle range A1 reflected by the planar side surface is shifted in a direction away from the optical axis, and the incident angle range not reflected by the planar side surface. Away from A0. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7 (i), the image formation position on the image formation surface of the light reflected by the planar side surface is separated from the boundary B1 ′. For this reason, the image formed in the region A1 ′ outside the boundary B1 ′ through the image processing described later is set to the same inverted and rotated state as the image of the region A0 ′, and the region A1 following the image of the region A0 ′. The object cannot be observed at the boundary B1 ′ between the region A0 ′ and the region A1 ”when they are combined with each other. However, such a configuration is also useful for applications in which different objects are observed in the range A0 and the range A1.

  In the case where the optical member 12 is configured such that the planar side surface 12a (12c) is arranged at an acute angle or an obtuse angle with respect to the transmission surface 11a of the window member 11, the optical member 12 is configured by an even-numbered cone. It is preferable to do this.

The operation of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment configured as described above will be described based on the configuration of FIG.
The light that has entered the window member 11 at a predetermined incident angle α1 passes through the window member 11, enters the inside from the entrance surface 12d of the optical member 12, and is output from the exit surface 12f without being reflected by the planar reflecting surface. Emanates from. The emitted light passes through the negative lens 13 and the positive lens 14 and passes through the pupil position E2. The light passing through the pupil position E2 passes through the imaging lens 21 and is symmetric with respect to a predetermined area of the imaging plane (the area A0 ′ inside the boundary B1 ′ and the area A0 ′ shown in FIG. 6 and the optical axis). The image is formed in a region A0 ″).
Further, the light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 passes through the window member 11 and then enters the inside from the incident surface 12d of the optical member 12. Then, the light is reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c and emitted from the emitting surface 12f. The emitted light passes through the negative lens 13 and the positive lens 14 and passes through the pupil position E2. The light that has passed through the pupil position E2 passes through the imaging lens 21 and has a predetermined area on the imaging plane (for example, the area A1 ′ outside the boundary B1 ′ shown in FIG. 6 and the area A1 ′ and the optical axis as the center. The image is formed in a line-symmetric area A1 ″).

  According to the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, a part of the light that has passed through the window member 11 (that is, incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1). Of the light passing through the window member 11 and not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c and reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c. Since the optical member 12 is guided to the same side, the position of the entrance pupil where the luminous fluxes of the light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 intersect. Can be positioned as far forward as possible. As a result, without widening the window member 11, it is possible to capture light having a wide field of view up to the light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1. it can.

  In addition, according to the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, since the side surfaces 12a and 12c are planar, it is not necessary to cause aberration in the light reflected by the side surfaces, and the corresponding amount can be obtained on the imaging surface. Image aberrations are improved.

  Further, according to the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, the first optical system 1 causes the light beam reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c to pass through the light beam that is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c. Since the afocal light beam and the light beam are made to intersect at a predetermined pupil position E2, and the second optical system 2 forms an image on the same plane (imaging plane), Patent Document 4 The length in the optical axis direction from the window member 11 can be shortened by the amount not provided with the optical element group for relaying the image as in the above configuration.

In the wide angle optical system of the first embodiment, a light source (not shown) can be arranged on the same plane. In that case, light from the light source follows a path opposite to the above-described path and exits from the window member 11.
For this reason, according to the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, light can be emitted with a wide-angle visual field without increasing the size of the window member 11.

Second Embodiment FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wide-angle optical system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
The wide-angle optical system according to the second embodiment is an example of a wide-angle optical system capable of receiving light (information) with a wide angle of view, and is located at the position of the imaging plane in the wide-angle optical system according to the first embodiment. 22 is arranged. Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

In the wide-angle optical system of the second embodiment configured as described above, light from an observation target (not shown) enters the window member 11, passes through the optical member 12, the negative lens 13, and the positive lens 14 and passes through the pupil position E2. The image is formed on the imaging surface of the image sensor 22 through the imaging lens 21, and is imaged by the image sensor 22.
At this time, as in the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, a part of light incident on the window member 11 at a predetermined large incident angle (that is, within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1). Light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle is reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c and is emitted from the emission surface 12f. On the other hand, light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle smaller than that (that is, light incident on the window member 11 at a predetermined incident angle α1) is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c, and is emitted from the exit surface. The light is emitted from 12f. Then, each of these lights emitted from the emission surface 12 f is imaged in separate areas on the imaging surface of the imaging element 22.
The effects of the wide-angle optical system of the second embodiment are substantially the same as those of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment.

Third Embodiment FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of a wide-angle optical system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
The wide-angle optical system of the third embodiment is an example of a wide-angle optical system capable of entering and exiting light (information) with a wide angle of view, and light near the pupil position E2 in the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment. A scan mirror 3 that can rotate in one or two dimensions about an axis is provided. Further, the side of the scan mirror 3 away from the window member 11 has an illumination optical system 2A and a light receiving optical system 2B each having a function as a second optical system. The illumination optical system 2A includes an illumination lens 21A and a light emitting element 22A. The light receiving optical system 2B includes an imaging lens 21B and a light receiving element 22B. In FIG. 9, 20A is a half mirror for branching or integrating the optical path of the illumination optical system 2A and the optical path of the light receiving optical system 2B, and 20B is a mirror. Other configurations are substantially the same as those of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

  In the wide-angle optical system of the third embodiment configured as described above, the light emitted from the light emitting element 22A passes through the illumination lens 21A, the half mirror 20A, the scan mirror 3, the positive lens 14, and the negative lens 13, and the optical member 12 is used. Is incident on. Then, a part of the light incident on the optical member 12 is reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c, exits the optical member 12, enters the window member 11, and has a wide output angle (that is, a predetermined angle). The window member 11 is emitted at an emission angle within a predetermined range A up to an emission angle α2 larger than the emission angle α1. Further, other light incident on the optical member 12 exits the optical member 12 without being reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c, enters the window member 11, and is reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c. The window member 11 is emitted at a smaller emission angle (that is, a predetermined emission angle α1) than the emitted light. Thereby, light is irradiated to the observation object of a wide visual field.

On the other hand, light from an observation target (not shown) enters the window member 11, enters the scan mirror 3 through the optical member 12, the negative lens 13, and the positive lens 14, and further includes a half mirror 20A, a mirror 20B, and an imaging lens. The light is received by the light receiving element 22B through 21B.
At this time, as in the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment, a part of light incident on the window member 11 at a predetermined large incident angle (that is, within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1). Light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle is reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c and is emitted from the emission surface 12f. On the other hand, light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle smaller than that (that is, light incident on the window member 11 at a predetermined incident angle α1) is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a and 12c, and is emitted from the exit surface. The light is emitted from 12f. And these light radiate | emitted from the output surface 12f is received by the separate area | region in the light-receiving surface of the light receiving element 22B, respectively.

In the wide-angle optical system of the third embodiment, the direction of the light reflected by the scan mirror 3 is changed by further rotating the scan mirror 3 provided in the vicinity of the pupil position E2 in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional direction. . Thereby, the direction of the light emitted from the window member 11 and the direction of the light incident on the window member 11 can be adjusted within the range of the angle α2.
Other functions and effects are substantially the same as those of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus including a wide-angle optical system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus provided with the wide-angle optical system of the fourth embodiment is provided with the image sensor 22 at the position of the imaging surface of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. Means 5 are provided.
Further, the optical member 12 in the first optical system 1 is formed of a quadrangular prism. Then, any of the side surfaces 12a to 12d shown in FIG. 1B reflects light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle in a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1. It is configured as follows.
The image processing unit 4 performs predetermined processing on the image of the part reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a to 12d in the image captured by the imaging element 22, and the part that is not reflected by the planar side surfaces 12a to 12d. Are combined with each other image, and a process for erecting the entire image is performed.
The image display means 5 is configured to display an upright image via the image processing means 4.

Here, erecting image synthesis processing by the image processing means 4 in the apparatus of the fourth embodiment will be described.
As described above, the light reflected by the planar side surface that reflects the light incident on the window member 11 at the incident angle in the predetermined range A up to the incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1, and the planar side surface With the light that is not reflected by the light, the image forming position and the image orientation on the image forming surface are different. There are four planar side surfaces in the wide-angle optical system of the fourth embodiment. FIGS. 11A and 11B show the imaging position and image orientation on the imaging surface when four planar side surfaces are provided. Here, for the sake of convenience, light incident on the window member 11 from a region opposite to the one planar reflecting surface 12a with the optical axis in FIG.

In the wide-angle optical system of the fourth embodiment, the planar side surfaces 12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d of the optical member 12 are adjacent to each other.
By the way, the light incident on these planar side faces is directed in various directions as shown in FIG. 11 (a), for example. For this reason, for example, among the light reflected by the planar side surface 12a, the light reflected by the portion close to the adjacent side surface 12d (12b) is further reflected by the adjacent side surface and guided to the negative lens side. It is burned. Then, on the imaging surface, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), the image is rotated by 180 ° about the optical axis and imaged in the area A1b ′. On the other hand, of the light reflected by the planar side surface 12a, the light reflected by the part away from the adjacent side surface 12d (12b) is guided to the negative lens side without being reflected by the adjacent side surface. It is burned. Then, on the imaging plane, as shown in FIG. 11B, the left-right direction is inverted by 180 ° to form an image in the area A1a ′.

Therefore, in the apparatus according to the fourth embodiment, the image processing apparatus 4 rotates the image of the area A1b ′ on the imaging plane by 180 °, and rotates the image of the area A1b ′ rotated by 180 ° with the optical axis as the center. A1b ′ and a point-symmetrical area A1b ″ are synthesized. The image of the area A1a ′ is inverted 180 ° in the left-right direction, and the image of the area A1a ′ inverted 180 ° in the left-right direction is centered on the optical axis. The region A1a ′ and the region A1a ″ which is line-symmetric with the region A1a ′ are combined.
As a result, the image reflected on the planar side and imaged on the imaging surface is synthesized in the same inverted and rotated state as the image imaged on the imaging surface without being reflected on the planar reflecting surface. Is done. For this reason, the captured image can be erected throughout.
The erected image is displayed on the image display means 5.
Thus, according to the apparatus of the fourth embodiment, it is possible to observe an observation image with a wide field of view as an upright image over the whole.
Other configurations, operations, and effects are substantially the same as the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment.

In the apparatus of the fourth embodiment, among the image areas imaged on the imaging plane, the image is formed on the inner area of the boundary B1 ′, the area A1a ′, and the area A1a ″ that is line-symmetric about the optical axis. Only the image may be erected by the image processing unit 4 and displayed on the image display unit 5. In that case, the image display unit 5 displays the erected landscape image. The optical member 12 has two planar side surfaces that reflect light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 ( If the side surfaces 12a and 12c) are provided, for example, they may be constituted by two transparent plate-like members having reflective surfaces.
For example, a case where a character “ABC” is captured will be described with reference to FIG. For convenience of explanation, in FIG. 12A, the imaging position and the orientation of the image on the imaging plane when the character “ABC” rotated 180 ° about the optical axis is imaged are shown on the back side (incident It is shown as viewed from the opposite side of the surface.
As shown in FIG. 12A, with respect to the image in the inner region of the boundary B1 ′ on the imaging plane, the outer region A1a ′ and the region A1a ″ that is line-symmetric about the optical axis are 180 ° to the left and right. The image is reversed and imaged at a line-symmetrical position about the optical axis.
The image processing unit 4 inverts the image of the region A1a ′ and the region A1a ″ that is line-symmetric about the optical axis by 180 ° in the left-right direction and 180 ° in the left-right direction, and the region A1a ′ and the optical axis. The image of the region A1a ″ that is line-symmetric with respect to the center is synthesized into regions (region A1a ″ and region A1a ′) that are line-symmetric with respect to the optical axis.
As a result, the image reflected on the planar side surface and imaged on the imaging surface is synthesized in the same inverted state as the image imaged on the imaging surface without being reflected on the planar reflection surface. . For this reason, as shown in FIG.12 (b), the imaged image can be made into an erect image over the whole.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus using a wide-angle optical system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus using the wide-angle optical system of the fifth embodiment includes a display device 6 and an image processing device 4 in the same configuration as the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment shown in FIG. It is configured as.
And the display surface of the display apparatus 6 is provided in the position of the image formation surface of a wide angle optical system.
The display device 6 is configured using liquid crystal or the like on the display surface. The image processing device 4 performs predetermined image processing on the image displayed on the display device 6 so that the image projected through the second optical system 2 and the first optical system 1 becomes an erect image. It is configured.

For example, when an image as shown in FIG. 12B is displayed on the display surface of the display device 6, the light emitted from the display surface is the same as the optical optical system of the third embodiment. It follows an optical path opposite to the system, passes through the second lens system 2, passes through the pupil position E <b> 2, and enters the optical member 12 through the positive lens 14 and the negative lens 13. Then, a part of the light incident on the optical member 12 is reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c, exits the optical member 12, enters the window member 11, and has a wide output angle (that is, a predetermined angle). The window member 11 is emitted at an emission angle within a predetermined range A up to an emission angle α2 larger than the emission angle α1. Further, other light incident on the optical member 12 exits the optical member 12 without being reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c, enters the window member 11, and is reflected by the planar reflecting surfaces 12a and 12c. The window member 11 is emitted at a smaller emission angle (that is, a predetermined emission angle α1) than the emitted light. For this reason, on the projection plane (not shown), the display image in the outer region of the region B1 ′ in FIG. 12B is reversed and rotated. As a result, for example, an image displayed on the display surface as shown in FIG. 12 (b) is displayed on the projection surface with the outer region of the region B1 ′ reversed or the like as shown in FIG. 12 (a). End up.
Therefore, the apparatus of the fifth embodiment has a function of performing image processing so that the image displayed on the display surface via the image treatment apparatus 4 becomes the image shown in FIG. If it does in this way, the light radiate | emitted from the window member 11 comes to be projected as an erect image on a projection surface.
According to the apparatus of the fifth embodiment, it is possible to realize a projector that is small and can project with a wide angle of view.
Other configurations and operational effects are substantially the same as those of the wide-angle optical system of the first embodiment.

  In addition, as a device provided with the wide-angle optical system of the present invention, a C-mount camera or a CS-mount camera may be provided in the first optical system shown in FIG.

  The present invention is, for example, an optical radar device and a vehicle camera mounted on a vehicle, an electronic camera capable of photographing an ultra-wide field of view, such as a dental or medical camera, a digital photographing device, an optical tape scanning device, This is useful in fields that require light information having a wide angle of view to be incident or emitted using a projector device.

It is an explanatory view showing a schematic configuration of the wide-angle optical system according to the first embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a sectional view along the optical axis, (b) is a planar side surface in the wide-angle optical system of (a). It is a perspective view which shows the optical member which has. 2A and 2B are explanatory views showing an optical configuration in the vicinity of an optical member having a planar side surface in the wide-angle optical system of FIG. 1, wherein FIG. It is sectional drawing which follows the optical axis which shows the optical structure of the 1st optical system concerning the modification in the wide angle optical system of FIG. 1, (a) is sectional drawing of the same direction as the wide angle optical system of FIG. ) Is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the left-right direction with respect to (a). FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing another modified example of the optical member having the planar side surface shown in FIG. 1, wherein (a) is a side view in the same direction as the wide-angle optical system in FIG. 1, and (b) is a perspective view. . It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another modification of the optical member which has the planar side surface shown in FIG. 1, (a) is a top view which shows the example which comprised the optical member by the hexagonal column body, (b) is optical It is a top view which shows the example which comprised the member with the octagonal prism. It is explanatory drawing which shows the imaging area on the same plane in each of the light reflected by the planar side surface with respect to the wide angle optical system of FIG. 1, and the light which is not reflected, (a) is incident on a window member and is plane FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of light reflected and non-reflected on a side surface, and FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an imaging region on the same plane of each light illustrated in FIG. The relationship between the angle between the planar side surface 12a that reflects the light that has passed through the window member in the optical member 12 and the transmission surface of the window member 11 and the imaging region of the light reflected by the planar side surface 12a will be described. (A) is a figure which shows the state arrange | positioned perpendicularly | vertically with respect to the permeation | transmission surface 11a of the window member 11, (b) is the light of the incident angle range A0 which is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c). The figure which shows the positional relationship with the light of the incident angle range A1 reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c), (c) is a figure which shows the image formation area on the image formation surface of the light of (b), d) is a diagram showing a state of being arranged at an acute angle with respect to the transmission surface 11a of the window member 11, and (e) is a diagram showing light in an incident angle range A0 that is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c) and the planar side surface 12a. The figure which shows the positional relationship with the light of the incident angle range A1 reflected by (12c), (f) is the imaging surface of the light of (e) (G) is a figure which shows the state arrange | positioned at an obtuse angle with respect to the permeation | transmission surface 11a of the window member 11, (h) is the range of the incident angle which is not reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c). The figure which shows the positional relationship of the light of A0 and the light of the incident angle range A1 reflected by the planar side surface 12a (12c), (i) is the imaging region on the imaging surface of the light of (h). FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the wide angle optical system concerning 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the wide angle optical system concerning 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the apparatus provided with the wide angle optical system concerning 4th embodiment of this invention. The imaging position on the imaging plane when four planar side surfaces that reflect light incident on the window member 11 at an incident angle within a predetermined range A up to an incident angle α2 larger than the predetermined incident angle α1 are provided. And (a) is a diagram showing the direction of light incident on the planar side surface from the incident side, and (b) is an image on the imaging surface of the light incident on the window member 11. It is a figure which shows an image formation position and direction of an image. The figure which shows the image formation position and image orientation on an image formation surface at the time of imaging the character of "ABC" when the optical member in the apparatus of 4th Embodiment is equipped with the two planar side surfaces 12a and 12c. (A) shows the image formation position and image orientation of the light incident on the window member 11 on the imaging surface when the character “ABC” rotated 180 ° about the optical axis is imaged on the back side. FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a state when viewed from the side opposite to the incident surface, and FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating a state in which the image of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the apparatus using the wide angle optical system concerning 5th embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows one structural example of the conventional wide angle optical system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other structural example of the conventional wide angle optical system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another structural example of the conventional wide angle optical system. It is explanatory drawing which shows the further another structural example of the conventional wide angle optical system.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st optical system 11 Window member 12 Optical member 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d Side surface 12e Upper surface 12f Bottom surface 12 ₁ ', 12 ₂ ' Plate-shaped member 12a ', 12c' Inner side surface 13 Negative lens 13a Window member 11 side Surface 13b Surface opposite to window member 11 14 Positive lens 2 Second optical system 21 Imaging lens 22 Imaging element 2A Illumination optical system 21A Illumination lens 22A Light emitting element 2B Light receiving optical system 21B Imaging lens 22B Light receiving element 3 Scan Mirror 4 Image processing means 5 Image display means 6 Display device 51 Light emission means 52 Lens 53 Mirror 54 Light transmission side reflection means 55 Light transmission window member 56 Light reception window member 57 Light reception side reflection means 58 Holding means 58a Rotating shaft 59 Fresnel lens 60 Light receiving element 61R, 61L Window member 62R, 62L Reflective member 63 Lens housing 64 Element 65 Signal processing circuit 71 Super wide angle lens 72 Diaphragm 73 Light receiving element 73a Light receiving surface 80 Incident angle changing means 81 Window member 82 First optical element group 83 Second optical element group 84 Scanned surface E1 Entrance pupil E2 Entrance pupil Position P1 Intermediate imaging position

Claims (23)

Light that has at least one planar side surface that reflects a part of light that has passed through one window member constituted by a transparent flat plate, and is not reflected by the planar side surface among the light that has passed through the window member And an optical member that guides the light reflected by the planar side surface to the same side, and the light beam reflected by the planar side surface is converted to a light beam that is not reflected by the planar side surface. And a first optical system configured to cross at a predetermined pupil position.   Furthermore, it has a 2nd optical system which images the light which passes the said window member and is not reflected by the said planar side surface, and the light reflected by this planar side surface on the same plane. Item 2. The wide-angle optical system according to Item 1.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a plate-like member.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical member is a columnar member or a cone-shaped member.   The first optical system includes a concave lens surface facing away from the window member at a position farther from the window member than the planar side surface of the optical member. The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1.   6. The concave lens surface according to claim 1, wherein the concave lens surface is provided integrally with the optical member. Wide angle optical system.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, wherein the first optical system is a magnifying optical system.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a light receiving element on the same plane.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a display element on the same plane.   The wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a one-dimensional or two-dimensional scan mirror in the vicinity of the predetermined pupil position in the first optical system.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical member has two planar side surfaces.   The wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the optical member has three planar side surfaces.   The wide-angle optical system according to claim 1, wherein the optical member has four flat side surfaces. A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 10 to 13 dependent on claim 8 and claim 8,
Of the image received by the light receiving element, the image of the part reflected by the planar side surface is reversed and rotated in the same inverted and rotated state as the image of the part not reflected by the planar side surface. Image processing means for continuously synthesizing the image of the part not reflected;
An optical device comprising:   The said optical member is a polygonal column or a polygonal pyramid, Claims 1, 2, 4, 4 depending on Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, and Claims 1, 2, 4, A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 7 to 13 dependent on claim 5, or a wide-angle optical system provided in an optical device according to claim 14.   The said optical member is an even-numbered prism or even-numbered pyramid, Claim 5, 1, 2, 4 subordinate to Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, and 1, 2, 4, A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 7 to 13 dependent on claim 5, or a wide-angle optical system provided in an optical device according to claim 14.   The said optical member is a quadrangular prism or a quadrangular pyramid, Claims 1, 2, 4, and 4, dependent on Claims 1, 2, 4, A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 7 to 13 dependent on claim 5, or a wide-angle optical system provided in an optical device according to claim 14.   The said optical member is a hexagonal cylinder or a hexagonal pyramid, Claim 5, 1, 2, 4, subordinate to Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, and Claims 1, 2, 4, A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 7 to 13 dependent on claim 5, or a wide-angle optical system provided in an optical device according to claim 14.   The said optical member is an octagonal prism body or an octagonal pyramid, Claim 5, 1, 2, 4, subordinate to Claims 1, 2, 4, 6, and Claims 1, 2, 4. A wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 7 to 13 dependent on claim 5, or a wide-angle optical system provided in an optical device according to claim 14. Wherein the planar sides, before Symbol wide angle optical system according to any one of claims 1～13,15～19, characterized in that it is arranged perpendicular to the transmitting surface of the window member, or claim 14 A wide-angle optical system provided in the optical device described in 1. Wherein the planar sides, before Symbol wide angle optical system according to any one of claims 1～13,15～19, characterized in that it is arranged at an acute angle relative to the transmitting surface of the window member, or claim 14 A wide-angle optical system provided in the optical device described in 1. Wherein the planar sides, before Symbol wide angle optical system according to any one of claims 1～13,15～19, characterized in that it is arranged at an obtuse angle relative to the transmitting surface of the window member, or claim 14 A wide-angle optical system provided in the optical device described in 1. A projection apparatus that projects an image displayed on the display element through a wide-angle optical system according to any one of claims 9 and 10 dependent on claim 9,
An image displayed on the display element is configured so that an image reflected and projected on the planar side surface and an image projected without being reflected on the planar side surface are continuous. A projection apparatus.

Images