JP5128189B2 - Recycling machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a recycling machine suitably used for crushing recycled raw materials such as thinned wood, waste wood, concrete blocks, etc. to produce a small crushed material that can be reused.

  In general, thinned wood and roots generated by thinning operations in forests, pruned branches generated by pruning work of wood, waste wood generated by demolition work of wooden houses, etc. as fertilizer etc. by applying fermentation treatment etc. Reused. In addition, waste materials such as concrete blocks and asphalt blocks generated by building demolition work are reused as, for example, ground pavement materials and backfill materials.

  In order to crush the recycled raw materials made of waste materials such as timber such as thinned wood and concrete blocks into small pieces that can be reused at the work site, recycling machines such as wood crushers and crushers are preferably used. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

JP 2002-1159 A JP 2003-53206 A

  Here, the recycling machine (wood crusher) according to Patent Document 1 uses a hydraulic motor to rotate a crushing rotor provided with a number of crushing bits to crush the wood into small pieces by the crushing bits of the crushing rotor. Is. In this case, the rotor drive circuit for driving the crushing rotor includes a hydraulic pump that discharges pressure oil, a hydraulic motor that rotates the crushing rotor, a pair of main pipes that connect between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, It is generally configured by a control valve provided in the middle of the main pipeline. Further, the main pipelines positioned between the hydraulic motor and the control valve are connected by a connecting pipeline, and a manual stop valve (cock) is provided in the middle of the connecting pipeline.

  On the other hand, the recycling machine (crusher) according to Patent Document 2 is provided with an impact crusher that crushes waste materials such as concrete blocks, and this impact crusher rotates a rotor provided with a large number of striking plates by a hydraulic motor. In addition, the waste material such as a concrete lump is crushed by flipping it away with a striking plate and causing it to collide with a repulsion plate. Here, the rotor drive circuit according to Patent Document 2 includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a pair of main pipelines connecting between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, and a control valve provided in the middle of each main pipeline. When the control valve is in the neutral position, the pair of main pipelines communicate with each other through a restriction.

  By the way, since many crushing bits provided in the crushing rotor of the wood crusher are gradually worn out by crushing work such as wood, it is necessary to regularly perform maintenance work of the crushing rotor including replacement of this crushing bit. is there.

  For this reason, in the wood crusher according to Patent Document 1, the crushing rotor connected to the hydraulic motor is manually operated by opening the manual cock and communicating the connecting pipe line with the control valve in the neutral position. It is possible to perform maintenance work such as exchanging the crushing bit while rotating it.

  In addition, the crusher of Patent Document 2 has a control valve as a neutral position when performing maintenance work such as replacement of a striking plate or a rebound plate worn by a crushing operation, or adjustment of a gap between the striking plate and the repelling plate. The rotor connected to the hydraulic motor can be manually rotated by communicating between the main pipelines through a throttle.

  However, the above-described wood crusher of Patent Document 1 needs to open a manual cock provided in the middle of the connecting pipe line when manually rotating the crushing rotor in order to perform maintenance work. After the operation is completed, it is necessary to close the cock, and there is a problem that the opening / closing operation of the cock is troublesome. Also, for example, if you forget to close the cock after completion of maintenance work, the hydraulic motor cannot be driven properly by the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump, and crushing work may not be possible. There is.

  On the other hand, in the crusher of Patent Document 2, the rotor can be manually rotated by communicating between the pair of main pipelines through the throttle when the control valve is in the neutral position. Sometimes, it is not necessary to open and close the cock as in Patent Document 1, and the workability of the maintenance work can be improved.

  However, in the crusher of Patent Document 2, since the rotor drive circuit is configured to include a control valve that switches the rotation direction of the rotor (hydraulic motor), the number of parts constituting the rotor drive circuit increases. There is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases.

  On the other hand, the rotor drive circuit is configured as a hydraulic closed circuit by a variable displacement hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor that rotates the rotor, and a pair of main pipes that connect between the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor. It has been known. The rotor drive circuit by this hydraulic closed circuit is configured to switch the rotation direction of the hydraulic motor between the forward and reverse directions by changing the tilt amount of a swash plate hydraulic pump used as a variable displacement hydraulic pump, for example. . Therefore, the rotor drive circuit by the hydraulic closed circuit can eliminate the need for a control valve for switching the rotation direction of the hydraulic motor, so that the circuit can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced accordingly. it can.

  However, the rotor drive circuit by the hydraulic closed circuit does not include the control valve for switching the rotation direction of the hydraulic motor as described above. For this reason, like the crusher according to Patent Document 2, it is not possible to apply a configuration in which the rotor is manually rotated with the control valve at the neutral position by providing a throttle that communicates between the main pipes at the neutral position of the control valve. There is a problem.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and can improve the workability of maintenance work for the crushing rotor, and can simplify the rotor drive circuit that drives the crushing rotor. The purpose is to provide recycling machines.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a crushing rotor that crushes recycled raw materials and a rotor drive circuit that drives the crushing rotor. The rotor drive circuit is driven by a prime mover and is rotated forward and backward by a tilting actuator. A variable displacement hydraulic pump that can be switched between, a hydraulic motor that rotates the crushing rotor, and a pair of main pipes that connect between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic pump. Applies to recycling machines.

  A feature of the configuration adopted by the invention of claim 1 is that a bypass pipe that connects the pair of main pipes is provided across the hydraulic motor, and the bypass pipe is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe. When the flow rate is less than or equal to the set value, the bypass pipe is connected, and when the flow rate in the bypass pipe exceeds the set value, the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main pipe to the low-pressure side main pipe is cut off. The valve means is provided.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the valve means maintains a communication position for communicating the bypass pipeline through a throttle when the flow rate in the bypass pipeline is equal to or less than a set value, and the flow rate in the bypass pipeline is set. When the value is exceeded, there is a directional control valve that switches to a shut-off position that shuts off the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line by the differential pressure generated between the pair of main lines. .

  The invention according to claim 3 is a self-propelled traveling body, a base frame provided on the traveling body, a feeder that is provided on the base frame and conveys a recycled material, and the recycled material that is conveyed by the feeder. A crushing rotor that crushes the crushing material, a discharge conveyor that discharges the crushed material crushed by the crushing rotor, and a rotor drive circuit that drives the crushing rotor. A hydraulic closed circuit with a variable displacement hydraulic pump that can be switched between forward and reverse rotation by an actuator, a hydraulic motor that rotates the crushing rotor, and a pair of main pipes that connect between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic pump In the recycling machine configured as described above, a bypass pipe that connects the pair of main pipes with the hydraulic motor interposed therebetween is provided, In the middle of the Ipass pipe, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe is less than or equal to a set value, a communication position for communicating the bypass pipe through the throttle is maintained, and the flow rate in the bypass pipe exceeds the set value. In some cases, a directional control valve is provided that switches to a blocking position that blocks the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line due to the differential pressure generated between the pair of main lines.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the hydraulic pump operates and the flow rate in the bypass pipe exceeds the set value, the pressure oil flows from the high-pressure side main pipe to the low-pressure side main pipe through the bypass pipe. Since the valve means blocks this, the hydraulic motor can be driven by the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump, and the crushing rotor can be rotated at high speed to perform the crushing operation.

  On the other hand, for example, when the hydraulic pump is stopped and the flow rate in the bypass pipe becomes equal to or less than the set value, the bypass pipe communicates with the valve means, thereby the hydraulic motor for the crushing rotor, the pair of main pipes, and the bypass A closed circuit consisting of pipes is formed. For this reason, since the crushing rotor can be manually rotated in the forward and reverse directions, workability when performing maintenance work on the crushing rotor can be improved.

  In this way, when the flow rate in the bypass line is equal to or less than the set value, the valve means can manually rotate the crushing rotor by communicating the bypass line, so that, for example, a manual open / close valve (cock) Compared with the case where the crushing rotor is manually rotated by opening and closing the door, the complicated opening and closing operation of the cock can be eliminated. For this reason, the workability of maintenance for the crushing rotor can be further improved, and problems associated with forgetting to close the cock can be avoided.

  Furthermore, since the crushing rotor can be manually rotated by the valve means provided in the middle of the bypass pipeline connecting the pair of main pipelines, for example, a control valve for switching forward and reverse rotation of the crushing rotor is provided, Compared with the configuration in which the crushing rotor is manually rotated when this control valve is in the neutral position, the circuit configuration of the rotor drive circuit can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced as much as the control valve is not required. Can also contribute.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the hydraulic pump is stopped, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe is equal to or less than the set value, the directional control valve maintains the communication position, so that the bypass pipe communicates with the throttle. Thereby, when the crushing rotor is manually rotated, a differential pressure can be generated between the pair of main pipelines communicated through the throttle. For this reason, for example, even if the crushing rotor is excessively rotated manually, if the flow rate in the bypass pipe exceeds the set value, the directional control valve is switched to the shut-off position by the differential pressure generated between the pair of main pipes. Change. As a result, the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line through the bypass line is cut off, so that the excessively rotating crushing rotor can be stopped after being decelerated, and maintenance work can be performed. Safety can be increased.

  Further, after the maintenance work is completed, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe exceeds the set value by operating the hydraulic pump, the directional control valve is automatically switched from the communication position to the shut-off position. As a result, the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line through the bypass line can be interrupted without switching the direction control valve, and the pressure discharged from the hydraulic pump. The crushing rotor can be reliably rotated by the oil.

  According to the invention of claim 3, in a recycling machine provided with a traveling body, a base frame, a feeder, a crushing rotor, a discharge conveyor, etc., when the hydraulic pump is stopped and the flow rate in the bypass pipe line becomes less than the set value Since the bypass pipe line communicates with the directional control valve, the crushing rotor can be manually rotated in the forward and reverse directions, so that workability when performing maintenance work on the crushing rotor can be improved.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a recycling machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, taking a wood crusher as an example.

  1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention, and 1 shows a wood crusher as a typical example of a recycling machine. Here, the wood crusher 1 finely crushes recycled materials such as thinned wood and root removal generated by thinning operations, pruned branch materials generated by pruning operations, waste wood generated by dismantling operations of wooden houses, and fertilizers, etc. As a result, a reusable piece of wood chips is produced. The wood crusher 1 includes a traveling body 2, a hopper 8, a feeder 9, a supply roller 10, a crushing device 15, a discharge conveyor 23, and the like, which will be described later, as shown in FIGS.

  Reference numeral 2 denotes a self-propelled crawler-type traveling body. The traveling body 2 includes a track frame 3, drive wheels 4 and idle wheels 5 provided on the track frame 3, and the drive wheels 4 and idle wheels 5. It is composed of left and right crawlers (crawler belts) 6, 6 and the like wound around. The traveling body 2 performs straight traveling in the front and rear directions, turning traveling in the left and right directions, and the like in accordance with an operation on the travel lever 26 described later.

  Reference numeral 7 denotes a base frame fixed to the track frame 3 of the traveling body 2, and the base frame 7 extends on the track frame 3 in the front and rear directions. A hopper 8, a feeder 9, and the like, which will be described later, are arranged from one end side (rear end side) in the length direction of the base frame 7 to an intermediate portion, and the other end side (front end side) in the length direction of the base frame 7. In the configuration, a crushing device 15 and the like which will be described later are arranged.

  Reference numeral 8 denotes a hopper provided from the rear end side of the base frame 7 to an intermediate portion thereof. The hopper 8 is supplied with wood to be crushed (recycled raw material) such as thinning material or rooting generated by thinning work, for example. Is. Here, the hopper 8 is composed of left and right side plates 8A and 8B which are erected on the base frame 7 while facing each other with a feeder 9 to be described later, and left and right using a hydraulic excavator or the like (not shown). The thinned timber, rooted wood, etc., introduced between the right side plates 8A, 8B is guided onto the feeder 9.

  A feeder 9 is located below the hopper 8 and is provided from the rear end side of the base frame 7 to an intermediate portion. The feeder 9 is forward and rearward from the hopper 8 toward a crushing device 15 described later. It extends to. Here, the feeder 9 is composed of a chain belt that forms an endless track along the base frame 7, and is driven by a drive source (not shown) such as a hydraulic motor, so that the wood put into the hopper 8 can be fed. It continuously conveys in the direction of arrow A in FIG.

  Reference numeral 10 denotes a supply roller that is located above the front end of the feeder 9 and is provided in the vicinity of the crushing device 15 described later. The supply roller 10 is conveyed by the feeder 9 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. The incoming wood W is supplied to the crushing device 15 in a state of being sandwiched between the feeders 9.

  The supply roller 10 is connected in a L shape by a connecting shaft 11, and a pair of left and right swing arms 12 whose base end side is supported by a support frame 16 described later so as to swing upward and downward, The roller 13 is generally constituted by a roller 13 rotatably provided on the free end side of the swing arm 12. Here, the roller 13 is provided with a plurality of claw members 13A having a sawtooth shape on the outer peripheral side, and the conveying direction of the wood W by the feeder 9 by a hydraulic motor or the like (not shown) (the direction of arrow A in FIG. 3). Are driven to rotate in the same direction.

  Thereby, the supply roller 10 swings up and down according to the size of the wood W conveyed by the feeder 9 during the crushing operation of the wood W shown in FIG. The wood W is sandwiched between them and pressed against the below-described crushing rotor 18 with an appropriate force. Further, the periphery of the supply roller 10 is covered with a roller cover 14.

  15 is a crushing device provided on the front end side of the base frame 7. The crushing device 15 finely crushes the wood W (recycled raw material) supplied by the feeder 9 and the supply roller 10 and can be reused as fertilizer. A small piece of wood chips. Here, the crushing device 15 includes a support frame 16, a crushing rotor 18, each crushing bit 19, a fixed blade 20, and the like, which will be described later.

  Reference numeral 16 denotes a support frame that forms the base of the crushing device 15. The support frame 16 is fixed to the front end side of the base frame 7, supports the swing arm 12 of the supply roller 10 described above, and crushes as described below. The rotor 18 is supported. Here, as shown in FIG. 3 and the like, the support frame 16 is disposed between a pair of vertical plates 16A facing each other at a constant interval in the left and right directions, and the vertical plates 16A disposed below the crushing rotor 18 described later. The lower horizontal plate 16B extending left and right, and the upper and rear horizontal plates before and after the crushing rotor 18 which will be described later, are spaced apart in the front and rear directions and extend between the vertical plates 16A in the left and right directions. 16C and 16D, forming a strong support structure.

  Reference numeral 17 denotes a crushing chamber formed between a pair of vertical plates 16 </ b> A constituting the support frame 16. The crushing chamber 17 is configured to accommodate a crushing rotor 18, a fixed blade 20 and the like which will be described later. The rear side (feeder 9 side) of the crushing chamber 17 is an introduction port 17A for the wood W to be crushed, and the front side of the crushing chamber 17 is a discharge port 17B for wood chips crushed by a crushing rotor 18 described later. It has become. Further, the upper side of the crushing chamber 17 is configured to be covered by a rotor cover 22 described later.

  Reference numeral 18 denotes a crushing rotor rotatably supported by the support frame 16. The crushing rotor 18 is arranged in the crushing chamber 17, and the wood W supplied into the crushing chamber 17 is finely crushed to form small pieces. It produces wood chips. Here, the crushing rotor 18 is formed of a cylindrical body in which a large number of crushing bits (crushing teeth) 19, 19,... Are detachably attached to the outer peripheral surface, and both ends of the rotating shaft 18A of the crushing rotor 18 are supported by support frames. 16 is rotatably supported on each vertical plate 16A constituting the 16 via a bearing or the like (not shown).

  The crushing rotor 18 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 35 described later, thereby rotating mainly in the arrow B direction (forward rotation direction) in FIG. As a result, the wood W supplied into the crushing chamber 17 by the feeder 9 and the supply roller 10 is finely crushed by the crushing bits 19 provided in the crushing rotor 18 that rotates at high speed, thereby generating small pieces of wood chips. can do.

  Reference numeral 20 denotes a fixed blade (anvil) provided in the crushing chamber 17 between the supply roller 10 and the crushing rotor 18. The fixed blade 20 cooperates with each crushing bit 19 of the crushing rotor 18. The wood chip is further crushed. Here, the fixed blade 20 has a flat plate shape extending along the axial direction of the crushing rotor 18, and is disposed in the introduction port 17 </ b> A of the crushing chamber 17 by being attached between the vertical plates 16 </ b> A of the support frame 16. Yes.

  A minute gap is formed between the fixed blade 20 and each crushing bit 19 of the crushing rotor 18, and the wood chips crushed by each crushing bit 19 of the crushing rotor 18 are replaced with each crushing bit 19 of the crushing rotor 18. This wood chip can be further finely crushed by shearing between the blade and the fixed blade 20.

  Reference numeral 21 denotes a screen (classification plate) located in the front side of the crushing rotor and disposed in the discharge port 17B of the crushing chamber 17, and the screen 21 is curved in an arc shape along the outer peripheral surface of the crushing rotor 18. Are formed by a plate having a small hole (not shown). The screen 21 is disposed between the lower horizontal plate 16 </ b> B and the upper horizontal plate 16 </ b> C constituting the support frame 16, and extends in the axial direction of the crushing rotor 18.

  And the wood chip crushed by the crushing bit 19 and the fixed blade 20 of the crushing rotor 18 is discharged to the outside of the crushing chamber 17 by passing through a small hole drilled in the screen 21, and will be described later as a discharge conveyor 23 described later. Is derived. Therefore, the size of the wood chip led out to the discharge conveyor 23 is set according to the size of the small hole drilled in the screen 21, and the wood chip that cannot pass through the screen 21 is the crushing bit 19 of the crushing rotor 18. And the fixed blade 20 are further finely crushed and then led out to the discharge conveyor 23.

  A rotor cover 22 is disposed above the crushing chamber 17, and the rotor cover 22 covers the crushing rotor 18 accommodated in the crushing chamber 17 from above. Here, the rotor cover 22 is disposed between the upper horizontal plates 16 </ b> C and 16 </ b> D of the support frame 16, and extends in the axial direction along the crushing rotor 18. The rotor cover 22 is detachably attached to the upper horizontal plates 16C and 16D of the support frame 16 using bolts or the like.

  Here, since each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18 is gradually worn by crushing wood such as thinned wood or rooting, maintenance work such as inspection and replacement of each crushing bit 19 is periodically performed. There is a need to do. When such maintenance work is performed, a large space is formed between the upper horizontal plates 16C and 16D of the support frame 16 by removing the rotor cover 22 as shown in FIG. The crushing bit 19 can be easily inspected and replaced in the crushing chamber 17 through the space between the horizontal plates 16C and 16D.

  23 is a discharge conveyor provided extending from the lower side of the crushing device 15 forward and backward, and the discharge conveyor 23 is inclined obliquely upward from the lower side of the crushing device 15 as shown in FIGS. However, it is generally constituted by a conveyor frame 23A extending forward and rearward and a belt 23B forming an endless track extending forward and rearward along the conveyor frame 23A.

  The discharge conveyor 23 loads and transports the wood chips crushed by the crushing device 15 and led to the outside of the crushing chamber 17 through the screen 21 on the belt 23B. It discharges continuously.

  A power unit 24 is located on the left side of the feeder 9 and mounted on the track frame 3. The power unit 24 includes a building cover 25 extending forward and rearward along the feeder 9, as shown in FIG. An engine 32 and a hydraulic pump 33, which will be described later, are accommodated in the cover 25. Further, a traveling lever 26 is disposed on the front side of the power unit 24, and the traveling of the wood crusher 1 (the traveling body 2) can be controlled by operating the traveling lever 26.

  Next, a hydraulic circuit for driving the rotor that drives the crushing rotor 18 mounted on the wood crusher 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the figure, 31 is a rotor drive circuit for driving the crushing rotor 18, and this rotor drive circuit 31 is constituted by a hydraulic pump 33, a hydraulic motor 35, main pipe lines 36 and 37, a bypass pipe line 45, a direction control valve 46, etc. which will be described later. It is configured.

  Reference numeral 32 denotes an engine as a prime mover. The engine 32 is accommodated in the building cover 25 shown in FIG. 1 and drives a hydraulic pump 33, a charge pump 43 and the like which will be described later.

  Reference numeral 33 denotes a variable displacement hydraulic pump driven by the engine 32. The hydraulic pump 33 constitutes a hydraulic source together with the tank 34, and discharges pressure oil toward a hydraulic motor 35 described later. Here, the hydraulic pump 33 is constituted by a variable displacement swash plate type hydraulic pump provided with a displacement variable portion 33A made of, for example, a swash plate. The displacement variable portion 33A is tilted by an inclination cylinder 38 described later. It is tilted from a neutral position where becomes zero in a direction in which the tilt amount becomes positive or negative. Thereby, the hydraulic pump 33 can switch the hydraulic motor 35 to stop rotation, forward rotation, and reverse rotation by changing the discharge direction of the pressure oil in accordance with the tilt of the capacity variable portion 33A. It has a configuration.

  A hydraulic motor 35 rotates the crushing rotor 18, and the hydraulic motor 35 is connected to a rotating shaft 18 </ b> A of the crushing rotor 18. The hydraulic motor 35 rotates the crushing rotor 18 forward or backward by switching the rotation direction according to the direction of the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33.

  Reference numerals 36 and 37 denote a pair of main pipelines connecting the hydraulic pump 33 and the hydraulic motor 35, and the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 is supplied to the hydraulic motor 35 through the main pipelines 36 and 37. The hydraulic pump 33, the hydraulic motor 35, and the main pipelines 36 and 37 constitute a hydraulic closed circuit (HST circuit).

  Reference numeral 38 denotes a tilt cylinder as a tilt actuator, and the tilt cylinder 38 controls the tilt of the capacity variable portion 33 </ b> A provided in the hydraulic pump 33. Here, a piston 38A is slidably provided in the tilting cylinder 38, and two oil chambers 38B and 38C are defined by the piston 38A. The piston 38A is connected to a displacement variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33, and the oil chambers 38B and 38C are supplied and discharged with pressure oil from the charge pump 43 via a forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 described later. It has become.

  Reference numeral 39 denotes a forward / reverse rotation switching valve that switches the rotation direction of the crushing rotor 18 between forward and reverse directions. The forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 is constituted by, for example, an electromagnetic pilot type 4-port 3-position switching valve. Of the four ports of the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39, two ports are connected to oil chambers 38B and 38C of the tilt cylinder 38, and the other two ports are connected to a charge pump 43 and a tank 34, which will be described later. Yes. The forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 holds the rotation stop position (a) when no signal is input to any of the two electromagnetic pilot sections, and a signal is input to any of the electromagnetic pilot sections. Thus, the rotation stop position (a) is switched to the forward rotation position (b) or the reverse rotation position (c).

  Here, when the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 holds the rotation stop position (a), the oil chambers 38B, 38C of the tilt cylinder 38 communicate with the tank 34, and the insides of these oil chambers 38B, 38C are substantially the same. Since the pressure is increased, the displacement variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33 connected to the piston 38A maintains the neutral position. As a result, the amount of tilt of the capacity variable portion 33A becomes zero, and no hydraulic oil is discharged from the hydraulic pump 33, so that the hydraulic motor 35 and the crushing rotor 18 remain stopped.

  On the other hand, when the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 is switched from the rotation stop position (a) to the forward rotation position (b), the pressure oil from the charge pump 43 is supplied into the oil chamber 38B of the tilt cylinder 38, and the oil chamber 38C communicates with the tank 34. As a result, the piston 38A of the tilt cylinder 38 is displaced toward the oil chamber 38C, and, for example, the capacity variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33 is tilted to the forward rotation side. As a result, for example, the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 is supplied from the main pipeline 36 to the hydraulic motor 35, and the hydraulic motor 35 rotates the crushing rotor 18 in the normal rotation direction (the direction indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 3). .

  When the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 is switched from the rotation stop position (a) to the reverse rotation position (c), the pressure oil from the charge pump 43 is supplied into the oil chamber 38C of the tilt cylinder 38, and the oil chamber 38B communicates with the tank 34. As a result, the piston 38A of the tilt cylinder 38 is displaced toward the oil chamber 38B, and for example, the capacity variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33 is tilted to the reverse rotation side. As a result, for example, the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 is supplied from the main pipeline 37 to the hydraulic motor 35, and the hydraulic motor 35 rotates the crushing rotor 18 in the reverse rotation direction.

  Reference numeral 40 denotes a charge connection pipe connecting the pair of main pipes 36 and 37. In the middle of the charge connection pipe 40, a pair of charge check valves 41A and 41B are provided in opposite directions. . An overload relief valve 42A is connected in parallel to the charge check valve 41A, and an overload relief valve 42B is connected in parallel to the charge check valve 41B.

  The charge connection pipe 40, the charge check valves 41A and 41B, and the overload relief valves 42A and 42B constitute a brake circuit, and the brake circuit is hydraulically operated with the capacity variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33 as a neutral position. When the rotation of the motor 35 is stopped, an appropriate brake pressure is generated in the main pipelines 36 and 37 with respect to the inertia of the crushing rotor 18, thereby slowly stopping the rotation of the hydraulic motor 35.

  The charging connection line 40 and the charging check valves 41A and 41B constitute a charging circuit, which is connected to the main pipe when the hydraulic oil supplied from the hydraulic pump 33 to the hydraulic motor 35 leaks. A shortage of pressure oil is replenished from the charge pump 43 (described later) into the main line on the low pressure side of the paths 36 and 37.

  43 is a charge pump or pilot pump (hereinafter referred to as a charge pump) driven by the engine 32 together with the hydraulic pump 33, and the discharge side of the charge pump 43 is the charge check valves 41A and 41B in the charge connection line 40. Connected between. The charge pump 43 discharges charging pressure oil supplied into the main pipelines 36 and 37 through the above-described charge circuit.

  The discharge side of the charge pump 43 is also connected to the port of the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39, and a part of the pressure oil discharged from the charge pump 43 passes through the tilt cylinder 38 via the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39. To be supplied. When there is no need to refill the main pipelines 36 and 37 with charging pressure oil, the pressure oil discharged from the charge pump 43 is discharged to the tank 34 through the charge relief valve 44.

  Reference numeral 45 denotes a bypass pipe that connects the pair of main pipes 36 and 37 with the hydraulic motor 35 interposed therebetween. The bypass pipe 45 bypasses the hydraulic pump 33 and is closed by the hydraulic motor 35 and the main pipes 36 and 37. This is for forming a circuit. A directional control valve 46 to be described later is provided in the middle of the bypass conduit 45.

  46 is a direction control valve as a valve means provided in the middle of the bypass line 45, and this direction control valve 46 is comprised, for example by the hydraulic pilot type 2 port 3 position switching valve. Here, the direction control valve 46 is held in the communication position (a) by the valve springs 46A and 46A when the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 is equal to or less than a predetermined set value (for example, 7 liters per minute), and bypass When the flow rate in the conduit 45 exceeds the set value, the communication position (a) is switched to the shut-off positions (b) and (c) against the valve spring 46A.

  When the directional control valve 46 holds the communication position (a), the crushing rotor driven by the hydraulic motor 35 with the hydraulic pump 33 stopped by the bypass pipe 45 communicating through the throttle 46B. 18 can be manually rotated (forward / reverse rotation). Thereby, for example, when exchanging each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18, the operator can easily replace the crushing bit 19 while manually rotating the crushing rotor 18 forward and backward. It has become.

  In this case, when the direction control valve 46 is in the communication position (a) and the crushing rotor 18 is manually rotated while the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped, the pair of main pipelines 36 and 37 communicated through the throttle 46B. Differential pressure is generated. For this reason, even if the crushing rotor 18 is rotated excessively, for example, if the flow rate in the bypass line 45 exceeds a predetermined set value (for example, 7 liters / min), it occurs between the main lines 36 and 37. The direction control valve 46 is switched from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position (b) or (c) by the differential pressure. As a result, the flow of the pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line through the bypass line 45 is blocked, and the excessively rotating crushing rotor 18 can be stopped after being decelerated. ing.

  When the maintenance work for the crushing rotor 18 is finished and the hydraulic pump 33 is operated, the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 exceeds the set value, so that the control valve 46 is changed from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position (b). Or it automatically switches to (c). Thus, the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line can be cut off through the bypass line 45 without performing the switching operation of the direction control valve 46, and the crushing rotor 18 The hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 is rotated at high speed.

  The wood crusher 1 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Hereinafter, crushing wood (recycled raw material) such as thinned wood generated by thinning work to produce small pieces of wood chips. The work will be described.

  First, wood such as thinned wood is put into the hopper 8 of the wood crusher 1 using a hydraulic excavator or the like (not shown). Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, the wood W is supplied onto the feeder 9, and is conveyed in the direction of arrow A toward the crushing rotor 18 by the feeder 9.

  The wood W transported to the vicinity of the crushing rotor 18 by the feeder 9 is pressed from above by the roller 13 of the supply roller 10 and is sandwiched between these rollers 13 and the feeder 9. 18 is introduced.

  At this time, in the rotor drive circuit 31 shown in FIG. 5, for example, the forward / reverse rotation switching valve 39 is switched to the forward rotation position (b), so that the pressure oil from the charge pump 43 flows into the oil chamber 38 </ b> B of the tilt cylinder 38. The capacity variable portion 33A of the hydraulic pump 33 is tilted to the forward rotation side. As a result, the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 is supplied from the main pipeline 36 to the hydraulic motor 35, and the hydraulic motor 35 rotates the crushing rotor 18 in the normal rotation direction (the direction of arrow B in FIG. 3) at high speed. .

  Thereby, the wood W guided to the crushing rotor 18 by the supply roller 10 and the feeder 9 is crushed by each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18 rotating at high speed. In addition, the crushed wood chips are further crushed by being sheared between the crushing bits 19 of the crushing rotor 18 and the fixed blade 20.

  Thus, the wood chip finely crushed by the crushing rotor 18 or the like passes through a small hole (not shown) of the screen 21 provided in the discharge port 17B of the crushing chamber 17, and then the belt 23B of the discharge conveyor 23. It is led out and discharged to the outside of the wood crusher 1 by this belt 23B.

  By the way, since each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18 of the wood crusher 1 is gradually worn by the crushing work, it is necessary to periodically perform a crushing bit 19 replacement work (maintenance work of the crushing rotor 18). There is. Therefore, the replacement operation of the crushing bit 19 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, when replacing the crushing bit 19, the operator manually rotates the crushing rotor 18, so that the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped in step 1 and the engine 32 is stopped in step 2.

  In this way, with the hydraulic pump 33 stopped, as shown in FIG. 4, the operator removes the rotor cover 22 arranged on the upper side of the crushing rotor 18 and puts it in the crushing rotor 18 in the crushing chamber 17. Replace the attached crushing bit 19. If the crushing bit 19 is to be replaced continuously, the crushing rotor 18 is manually rotated in step 3 and the process proceeds to step 4. If the crushing bit 19 is to be replaced, the crushing rotor 18 is moved in step 3. Stop and finish the work.

  Here, when the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped, the direction control valve 46 of the rotor drive circuit 31 holds the communication position (a), and therefore, in step 4, the bypass line 45 communicates with the throttle 46 </ b> B of the direction control valve 46. Thus, a closed circuit including the hydraulic motor 35, the main pipelines 36 and 37, and the bypass pipeline 45 is formed. As a result, the operator can manually rotate the crushing rotor 18 connected to the hydraulic motor 35 forward and backward, and can easily replace the crushing bit 19.

  When the operator manually rotates the crushing rotor 18 as described above, in step 5, whether or not the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 is equal to or less than a predetermined set value (for example, 7 liters / min). Judging. When the flow rate in the bypass line 45 is less than or equal to the predetermined set value, the process returns to step 3, and when the flow rate in the bypass line 45 exceeds the predetermined set value, the process proceeds to step 6.

  Here, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 exceeds the set value, the differential pressure before and after sandwiching the throttle 46B of the directional control valve 46 exceeds the set pressure of the valve spring 46A. The communication position (a) is switched to the shut-off position (b) or (c) against the valve spring 46A. As a result, the bypass conduit 45 is shut off by the directional control valve 46 in step 6, and therefore stops after the rotation of the crushing rotor 18 is decelerated in step 7.

  Thus, even if the crushing rotor 18 is excessively rotated when the crushing rotor 18 is manually rotated to perform the exchanging operation of the crushing bit 19, the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 is set to the set value. Is exceeded, the directional control valve 46 is switched from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position (b) or (c) by the differential pressure generated between the main pipelines 36 and 37. As a result, the flow of the pressure oil in the bypass pipe 45 can be blocked and the crushing rotor 18 that rotates excessively can be decelerated and stopped, so that the safety of the maintenance work can be improved.

  Then, after the rotation of the crushing rotor 18 is stopped in Step 7, the process returns to Step 3 and when the exchanging operation of the crushing bit 19 is continued, the crushing rotor 18 is manually rotated in Step 3 and the process proceeds to Step 4. When the 19 exchanging work is finished, the crushing rotor 18 is stopped in step 3 and the work is finished.

  In this way, after the exchanging operation of each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18 is completed, the hydraulic pump 33 is operated by the engine 32 in order to perform the crushing operation of the wood W by the crushing rotor 18.

  At this time, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 exceeds the set value due to the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 flowing through the bypass pipe 45, the direction control valve 46 is in communication position against the valve spring 46A. It automatically switches from (a) to the blocking position (b) or (c). Accordingly, the flow of the pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line through the bypass line 46 can be cut off without performing the switching operation of the direction control valve 46 and the like. The hydraulic motor 35 is driven by the pressure oil discharged from the crushing rotor 18 so that the crushing rotor 18 can be rotated at a high speed.

  Thus, according to the present embodiment, the bypass pipe 45 that connects the pair of main pipes 36 and 37 with the hydraulic motor 35 interposed therebetween is provided, and a hydraulic pilot type directional control valve is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 45. 46 is provided. When the flow rate in the bypass line 45 is equal to or less than a set value (for example, 7 liters / min), the direction control valve 46 communicates the bypass line 45 through the throttle 46B, and the flow rate in the bypass line 45 is reduced. When the set value is exceeded, the differential pressure generated between the main pipes 36 and 37 is automatically switched from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position (b) or (c) against the valve spring 46A. ing.

  For this reason, for example, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 becomes equal to or lower than the set value by stopping the hydraulic pump 33, a closed circuit including the hydraulic motor 35, the pair of main pipes 36 and 37, and the bypass pipe 45 is provided. Can be formed. Thereby, since the crushing rotor 18 can be manually rotated forward and backward, workability when performing maintenance on the crushing rotor 18 such as replacement of the crushing bit 19 can be improved.

  Further, after the maintenance work on the crushing rotor 18 is completed, when the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 exceeds the set value by operating the hydraulic pump 33, the direction control valve 46 is moved from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position. It automatically switches to (b) or (c). Accordingly, the flow of the pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line through the bypass line 45 can be shut off, so that the hydraulic motor 35 is driven by the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33, The crushing rotor 18 can be rotated at high speed.

  As described above, when the flow rate in the bypass line 45 is equal to or less than the set value, the crushing rotor 18 can be manually rotated by the directional control valve 46 communicating with the bypass line 45. Compared with the case where the crushing rotor is manually rotated by opening / closing the on-off valve (cock), a complicated opening / closing operation of the cock can be eliminated. For this reason, the workability of the maintenance for the crushing rotor 18 can be further improved, and problems associated with forgetting to close the cock can be avoided.

  Further, since the crushing rotor 18 can be manually rotated by a directional control valve 46 provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 45, for example, a control valve for switching forward / reverse rotation of the crushing rotor is provided. Compared to the configuration in which the crushing rotor is manually rotated when the position is set, the control valve can be eliminated. As a result, the circuit configuration of the rotor drive circuit 31 can be simplified, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  Next, FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The feature of this embodiment is that two bypass pipes are provided to connect between a pair of main pipes 36 and 37 with a hydraulic motor interposed therebetween. The directional control valve is provided in the middle of each bypass pipe. In the present embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes a rotor drive circuit according to the present embodiment. The rotor drive circuit 51 is used in the present embodiment in place of the rotor drive circuit 31 according to the first embodiment described above. The rotor drive circuit 51 includes a hydraulic pump 33, a hydraulic motor 35, main pipes 36 and 37, bypass pipes 52 and 53 described later, direction control valves 54 and 56, and the like.

  Reference numerals 52 and 53 denote two bypass pipes connecting the main pipes 36 and 37 with the hydraulic motor 35 interposed therebetween. These bypass pipes 52 and 53 bypass the hydraulic pump 33 and the hydraulic motor 35 and the main pipe line, respectively. A closed circuit composed of 36 and 37 is formed. A directional control valve 54 and a check valve 55 which will be described later are provided in the middle of the bypass pipeline 52, and a directional control valve 56 and a check valve 57 which will be described later are provided in the middle of the bypass pipeline 53.

  Reference numeral 54 denotes a directional control valve as a valve means provided in the middle of the bypass conduit 52. The directional control valve 54 is constituted by, for example, a hydraulic pilot type 2-port 2-position switching valve. Here, the direction control valve 54 is held at the communication position (a) by the valve spring 54A when the flow rate in the bypass line 52 is equal to or less than a set value (for example, 7 liters / min), and When the flow rate exceeds the set value, it switches from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position (b) against the valve spring 54A.

  When the direction control valve 54 holds the communication position (a), the crushing rotor 18 is manually operated while the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped by the bypass conduit 52 communicating through the throttle 54B and the check valve 55. Can be rotated. When the flow rate in the bypass line 52 exceeds the set value, the directional control valve 54 is switched to the shut-off position (b), so that the hydraulic motor 35 is driven by the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33, and crushing is performed. The rotor 18 can be rotated at high speed.

  Reference numeral 56 denotes a directional control valve as a valve means provided in the middle of the bypass conduit 53. The directional control valve 56 is also constituted by, for example, a hydraulic pilot type 2-port 2-position switching valve. Here, the direction control valve 56 is held at the communication position (a) by the valve spring 56A when the flow rate in the bypass line 53 is equal to or less than a set value (for example, 7 liters / min). When the flow rate exceeds the set value, the communication position (a) is switched to the shut-off position (b) against the valve spring 56A.

  When the directional control valve 56 holds the communication position (a), the bypass pipe 53 communicates with the throttle 56B and the check valve 57, so that the crushing rotor 18 is manually operated while the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped. Can be rotated. Further, when the flow rate in the bypass line 53 exceeds the set value, the directional control valve 56 is switched to the shut-off position (b), whereby the hydraulic motor 35 is driven by the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33 to crush. The rotor 18 can be rotated at high speed.

  The rotor drive circuit 51 according to the present embodiment has the above-described configuration. Also in the present embodiment, when the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped, the flow rates in the bypass pipelines 52 and 53 are equal to or less than a set value. Sometimes, the directional control valves 54 and 56 each hold the communication position (a), so that the crushing rotor 18 can be manually rotated. As a result, for example, when performing the exchanging operation of each crushing bit 19 attached to the crushing rotor 18, the operator can easily exchange the crushing bit 19 while manually rotating the crushing rotor 18 forward and backward, The workability can be improved.

  Further, when the maintenance work for the crushing rotor 18 is completed and the hydraulic pump 33 is operated, the flow rate in the bypass pipes 52 and 53 exceeds the set value, so that the direction control valves 54 and 56 are respectively connected to the communication position (a ) To the shut-off position (b) automatically. As a result, the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line can be blocked through the bypass lines 52 and 53 without performing the switching operation of the directional control valves 54 and 56. The crushing rotor 18 can be rotated at high speed by the pressure oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 33.

  In the first embodiment described above, the case where the hydraulic pilot type directional control valve 46 is provided in the middle of the bypass pipe 45 connecting the main pipes 36 and 37 is illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, as in the modification shown in FIG. 8, a directional control valve 61 including an electromagnetic pilot type two-port two-position switching valve is provided in the middle of the bypass conduit 45. Before and after the directional control valve 61, pressure switches 62 and 63 for detecting that the pressure in the bypass pipe 45 has become a pressure corresponding to a predetermined set flow rate may be provided.

  In this case, when the flow rate in the bypass conduit 45 is equal to or less than the set value, the direction control valve 61 holds the communication position (a) by the valve spring 61A and communicates the bypass conduit 45 through the throttle 61B. When the hydraulic pump 33 is stopped, the crushing rotor 18 can be manually rotated. On the other hand, the pressure generated before and after the direction control valve 61 is detected by the pressure switches 62 and 63, and this detection signal is output to the electromagnetic pilot section of the direction control valve 61 via the OR circuit 64. When either of the pressure switches 62 and 63 outputs a detection signal indicating that the flow rate in the bypass pipe 45 exceeds the set value, the direction control valve 61 is moved from the communication position (a) to the shut-off position ( By switching to b), the crushing rotor 18 can be rotated by the pressure oil from the hydraulic pump 33.

  In the first embodiment described above, the flow rate (set value) in the bypass pipe 45 when the directional control valve 46 holds the communication position (a) is set to 7 liters / min or less. Illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, by changing the orifice diameter of the throttle 46B provided at the communication position (a) of the directional control valve 46, the flow rate flowing through the bypass line 45 is, for example, 4 liters / min, It can be changed to an appropriate set value such as 10 liters / min. The same applies to the second embodiment.

  Moreover, in embodiment mentioned above, the wood crusher 1 which has the crawler type traveling body 2 which can be self-propelled is mentioned as an example as a recycling machine, and is demonstrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be applied to, for example, a non-self-propelled wood crusher towed by a trailer or the like.

  Furthermore, in embodiment mentioned above, the wood crusher 1 which crushes wood as a recycling machine is illustrated. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to other recycling machines for crushing recycled materials other than wood such as concrete blocks.

It is a perspective view which shows the wood crusher by embodiment of this invention. It is a partially broken front view showing a wood crusher. It is a principal part enlarged view which expands and shows the crushing chamber, the crushing rotor, the crushing bit, etc. in FIG. It is a principal part enlarged view similar to FIG. 3 which shows the state which replaces | disconnects a crushing bit. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing a rotor drive circuit according to a first embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the replacement | exchange operation | work of a crushing bit. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram which shows the rotor drive circuit by 2nd Embodiment. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram which shows the modification of a rotor drive circuit.

Explanation of symbols

1 Wood crusher (recycling machine)
2 traveling body 7 base frame 9 feeder 15 crushing device 18 crushing rotor 19 crushing bit 31, 51 rotor drive circuit 32 engine (prime mover)
33 Hydraulic pump 35 Hydraulic motor 36, 37 Main line 38 Tilt cylinder (Tilt actuator)
45, 52, 53 Bypass pipe 46, 54, 56, 61 Directional control valve (valve means)
46B, 54B, 56B, 61B

Claims (3)

A variable displacement hydraulic pump that includes a crushing rotor that crushes recycled material and a rotor drive circuit that drives the crushing rotor, and that is driven by a prime mover and can be switched between forward and reverse rotation by a tilting actuator. And a recycle machine configured as a hydraulic closed circuit by a hydraulic motor for rotating the crushing rotor and a pair of main pipes connecting the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic pump,
A bypass pipe is provided to connect the pair of main pipes with the hydraulic motor interposed therebetween, and the bypass pipe communicates in the middle of the bypass pipe when the flow rate in the bypass pipe is equal to or less than a set value. A recycle machine characterized by comprising a valve means for blocking inflow of pressure oil from the high-pressure side main line to the low-pressure side main line when the flow rate in the bypass line exceeds a set value .   The valve means maintains a communication position for communicating the bypass line through a throttle when the flow rate in the bypass line is equal to or less than a set value, and the pair of the valve means when the flow rate in the bypass line exceeds a set value. 2. A recycling machine according to claim 1, comprising a directional control valve that switches to a shut-off position that shuts off the flow of pressure oil from the high-pressure main pipe to the low-pressure main pipe due to the differential pressure generated between the main pipes. . A self-propelled traveling body, a base frame provided on the traveling body, a feeder that is provided on the base frame and conveys the recycled material, and a crushing rotor that crushes the recycled material conveyed by the feeder, A discharge conveyor for discharging the crushed material crushed by the crushing rotor to the outside, and a rotor drive circuit for driving the crushing rotor, the rotor drive circuit being switched by the tilting actuator to switch between forward and reverse rotations. Machine configured as a closed hydraulic circuit by a variable displacement hydraulic pump capable of rotating, a hydraulic motor for rotating the crushing rotor, and a pair of main pipes connecting between the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic pump In
A bypass pipe that connects the pair of main pipes is provided across the hydraulic motor, and the bypass pipe is throttled in the middle of the bypass pipe when the flow rate in the bypass pipe is equal to or less than a set value. When the flow rate in the bypass line exceeds a set value, the pressure oil from the high pressure side main line to the low pressure side main line is caused by the differential pressure generated between the pair of main lines. A recycling machine characterized in that a directional control valve for switching to a blocking position for blocking inflow is provided.

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