JP5128074B2 - Operation method of organic waste treatment method system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for operating an organic waste treatment system that deodorizes odorous gas generated when organic waste is fermented and generates power.

In the technology of fermenting and composting organic waste such as livestock dung (including manure) and raw garbage generated at poultry farms and pig farms, countermeasures against bad odors of exhaust gas generated during the treatment process become a major problem. ing.
For example, water (or chemical solution) cleaning methods, sawdust adsorption method, microbial decomposition method, etc. are known, but these deodorization methods involve water (chemical solution) treatment and require a relatively large site area. Therefore, it is often difficult to introduce, and it is difficult to remove odor components other than ammonia.
In recent years, a combustion deodorization method in which odor gas is burned in a furnace (deodorization furnace) to thermally decompose odor components at a high temperature has been studied. .
Therefore, as shown in Patent Document 1, by introducing odor gas generated from a composting apparatus having compost into an internal combustion engine (diesel engine) and burning it with fuel, the odor component is thermally decomposed at high temperature, An organic waste treatment system that can reduce costs by generating electric power using the internal combustion engine as a drive source has been proposed.
JP 2003-148186 A

  By the way, in the technique mentioned above, when the capacity | capacitance of compost becomes large, the quantity of the generated odor gas will also increase. However, since the internal combustion engine that burns odor gas has a limited processing capacity, it is necessary to increase the number of internal combustion engines in order to cope with a large amount of odor gas. For this reason, there exists a problem that the apparatus cost of an organic waste disposal system will rise.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and provides a method for operating an organic waste treatment system capable of minimizing the number of internal combustion engines even when the capacity of compost is increased. The purpose is to provide.

In the operation method of the organic waste treatment system according to the present invention, the following means are adopted in order to solve the above problems.
The present invention includes a plurality of composting apparatuses that ferment and compost organic waste in a compost container , and a plurality of odorous gases generated from the plurality of composting apparatuses together with fuel to perform deodorization and power generation. and deodorizing power generator, in an organic waste treatment method system method of operating with the poured timing of organic waste made different for each of the plurality of composting apparatus dispersing the time of maximum occurrence of odorous gas Rutotomoni, supplying air toward the air supply amount of odorous gas from said plurality of composting device of the plurality of composting apparatus made different for each said deodorizing power generating device according to the occurrence state of odorous gases in the plurality of composting device The amount of odor gas is controlled to a constant amount, and air heated by using the amount of heat generated in the deodorizing power generation device is introduced into the plurality of composting devices.

In the case where the input timing of the organic waste with respect to the plurality of composting devices is defined based on the time obtained by dividing the fermentation cycle time of the organic waste into the number of the plurality of composting devices , each composting The maximum generation of odor gas in the apparatus can be reliably dispersed.
When the generation state of the odor gas in the plurality of composting apparatuses is determined based on the temperature in the compost container , it is possible to easily and surely determine the maximum generation time of the odor gas in each composting apparatus. .
Good composting can be achieved by introducing the heated air into a composting apparatus that should proceed with composting .

According to the present invention, it is possible to disperse the maximum generation time of odor gas in each composting device by changing the input timing of the organic waste for each of the plurality of composting devices. Moreover, since the quantity of the odor gas sent from each composting apparatus is adjusted to a fixed quantity, it is prevented that an excessive odor gas is supplied to the deodorizing power generation apparatus . This makes it possible to minimize the processing capacity of the deodorizing power generation device. That is, even when the composting apparatus has a large capacity, the odor gas can be deodorized by the minimum required deodorizing power generation apparatus, so that the apparatus cost can be suppressed. Furthermore, since the air heated using the calorie | heat amount which generate | occur | produced in the deodorizing electric power generation apparatus is introduce | transduced into several composting apparatuses, favorable composting is achieved.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a method for operating an organic waste treatment system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In the following drawings, the scale of each member is appropriately changed in order to facilitate recognition of each member. In the following description, the compost container is abbreviated as compost.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an organic waste treatment system S according to the present embodiment.
The organic waste treatment system S burns and deodorizes a plurality of composting apparatuses 10 (10a, 10b) that ferment and compost livestock feces (organic waste) F, and the odor gas G generated by the fermentation of livestock feces F. A plurality of deodorizing power generation devices 20 (20a to 20c) that generate power together with them, a gas feed pipe 30 that feeds the odor gas G from the composting device 10 to the deodorization power generation device 20, and a control that controls the operation of the organic waste treatment system S The apparatus 40 is provided.

As the composting apparatus 10, for example, a continuous fermenter for continuously aerobic fermentation of livestock feces F is used.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the composting apparatus 10.
The composting apparatus 10 (10a, 10b) is, for example, compost 11 having a capacity of about 30 m ³ , an input 12 for livestock feces F formed on the upper part of the compost 11, and livestock feces F in the compost 11 at regular or regular intervals. It comprises a stirrer 13 for stirring, a blower pipe 15 for supplying air X into the compost 11 from the outside, an electric heater 14 for air heating installed in the middle of the blower pipe 15, an air supply blower 16, and the like. The

  The inside of the agitator 13 is in a hollow state, and a plurality of vent holes 13k are formed in the lower part of the agitator 13. Thereby, the air X supplied into the stirrer 13 from the blower pipe 15 connected to the upper part of the stirrer 13 is supplied into the compost 11.

Then, when livestock feces F are fermented in the compost 11, a gas containing odor components (ammonia, methyl mercaptan, methyl sulfide, methyl disulfide, etc.) (hereinafter referred to as odor gas G) is about 10 to 10 times the capacity of the compost 11. It occurs only in the amount of about 30%.
A temperature sensor 42 that detects the temperature of the odor gas G generated in the compost 11 is provided in the upper space of the compost 11.

Returning to FIG. 1, gas feed pipes 31a and 31b are connected to the upper portions of the composts 11a and 11b. The gas feed pipes 31a and 31b are once connected to the gas feed pipe 32, and then branch again to the gas feed pipes 33 (33a to 33c) to be connected to the plurality of deodorizing power generation devices 20a to 20c.
The gas feed pipe 32 is provided with an exhaust blower 34. Further, control valves 35a and 35b for adjusting the flow rate of the odor gas G are provided in the gas feed pipes 31a and 31b, respectively.
Thus, the odor gas G generated in the composts 11a and 11b is sent to the plurality of deodorizing power generation devices 20a to 20c through the gas feed pipes 31a, 31b, 32, and 33a to 33c by driving the exhaust blower 34. . Furthermore, the odor gas G sent from each compost 11a, 11b to the deodorizing power generation devices 20a-20c can be adjusted by the opening degree of each control valve 35a, 35b.

The deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 (20a to 20c) includes a combustion engine 21 that thermally decomposes and deodorizes at a high temperature (about 1000 ° C.) by burning the odor gas G together with fuel, and a generator using the combustion engine 21 as a drive source. 22.
For example, a diesel engine or a gas turbine is used as the combustion engine 21. The type of combustion engine to be applied and its characteristics are determined according to the amount of livestock feces F treated, the surrounding environment such as the installation space, and the like.
For example, when a diesel engine with a total displacement of 1000 cc is used, deodorization is achieved by taking about 1 m ^{3 of} odor gas G generated in the composting apparatus 10 from the air inlet and burning it with fuel such as kerosene. . Note that air may be introduced into the combustion engine 21 together with the odor gas G.

The control device 40 controls the operation of the organic waste treatment system S, and controls the stirrer 13, the electric heater 14, the air supply blower 16, and the like to promote the fermentation cycle of the livestock feces F. Further, the combustion engine 21 is controlled to deodorize (combust) the odor gas G and generate power.
In addition, the control device 40 performs calculation processing on information from the temperature sensor 42 provided in the compost 11 and controls the opening degree of the control valve 35 based on the calculation result and the like.

  In the organic waste treatment system S according to this embodiment, three relatively small deodorizing power generation devices 20 are installed. By installing a plurality of relatively small deodorizing power generation devices 20 in this way, the running cost and initial cost (device) of the organic waste treatment system S are compared with the case of installing a single large deodorizing power generation device. Cost), and there is an advantage that it is not necessary to generate surplus power.

Next, an operation method of the organic waste treatment system S according to the present embodiment configured as described above will be described.
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an operation method of the organic waste treatment system S.
First, livestock dung F is thrown into the compost 11a of the composting apparatus 10a. The animal manure F thrown into the compost 11a is fermented and composted by being stirred and stored together with the air X by the stirrer 13 in the compost 11a. Specifically, the livestock excretion F in the compost 11a generates a large amount of high temperature (about 70 ° C.) odor gas G when about 6 to 18 hours have passed. And after about 24 hours, fermentation and composting are completed.

Next, livestock feces F are put into the compost 11b of the composting apparatus 10b. The period when the animal manure F is introduced into the composting apparatus 10b is a period when a large amount of high temperature odor gas G is generated from the compost 11a of the composting apparatus 10a. That is, when about 12 hours have passed since the livestock feces F were put into the composting apparatus 10a, the livestock feces F were put into the composting apparatus 10b.
And the livestock manure F thrown into the compost 11b also generates a large amount of hot odor gas G when about 6 to 18 hours have passed since the feed, as in the case of the composting apparatus 10a, and about 24 hours have passed. This completes fermentation and composting.

Then, when the fermentation and composting of the livestock feces F in the composting apparatus 10a is completed (24 hours after the livestock feces F are put into the compost 11a), the new livestock feces F are put into the compost 11a. To do.
Similarly, when the fermentation and composting of the livestock feces F in the composting apparatus 10b is completed (24 hours after the livestock feces F are put into the compost 11b), the new livestock feces F are put into the compost 11b. throw into.
That is, the animal manure F is alternately put into the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b about every 12 hours. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, the fermentation cycle of the livestock feces F in the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b can always be prevented from overlapping.
The odor gas G generated in the fermentation process is sent to the deodorizing power generation device 20 through the gas feed pipes 31, 32 and 33 by driving the exhaust blower 34.

In addition, the fermentation cycle of livestock dung F in the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b is measured by temperature sensors 42a and 42b provided in the composts 11a and 11b. The measurement results of the temperature sensors 42a and 42b are sent to the control device 40.
And when the temperature of the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the control device 40 controls the control valves 35a and 31b provided in the gas feed pipes 31a and 31b connected to the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b. Open 35b.

That is, for example, when high-temperature odor gas G is generated in the composting apparatus 10a (from 6 hours to 18 hours after the livestock feces F are introduced into the compost 11a), the control valve 35a of the gas feed pipe 31a. The odor gas G in the compost 11a is sent to the deodorizing power generation device 20 by opening the. On the other hand, in the composting apparatus 10b, since odor gas G is hardly generated, the control valve 35b of the gas feed pipe 31b is shielded, for example.
On the contrary, when high temperature odor gas G is generated in the composting apparatus 10b (from 6 hours to 18 hours after the livestock feces F are put into the compost 11b), the control valve 35b of the gas feed pipe 31b is turned on. By opening, the odor gas G in the compost 11 b is sent to the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20. On the other hand, in the composting apparatus 10a, since odor gas G is hardly generated, the control valve 35a of the gas feed pipe 31a is appropriately controlled, for example.

Thereby, it adjusts so that the substantially constant odor gas G may always be sent to the deodorizing electric power generation apparatus 20 (20a-20c).
The odor gas G is supplied to the combustion engine 21 of the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 together with the fuel, and is burned and deodorized by the combustion engine 21, so that the exhaust gas Y is obtained. The exhaust gas Y is made clean gas via a catalyst (not shown) and then exhausted to the outside of the organic waste treatment system S.
Then, the electric power E generated in the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 is sent to and consumed by, for example, the stirrer 13, the electric heater 14, the air supply blower 16, and the exhaust air blower 34 of the organic waste treatment system S.

Thus, in the operating method of the organic waste treatment system S according to the present embodiment, the flow rate of the odor gas G sent from the plurality of composting apparatuses 10 to the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 can be controlled to be substantially constant. For this reason, even when the capacity of the composting apparatus 10 is increased, it is only necessary to prepare the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 having a necessary minimum processing capacity.
That is, it is not necessary to make the processing capacity of the odor gas G of the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 correspond to the total amount of odor gas G generated from the plurality of composting apparatuses 10. Thereby, the raise of an installation cost can be suppressed to the minimum.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship of the number of installed deodorizing power generation apparatuses 20 with respect to the total capacity of the composting apparatus 10 (compost 11).
In the conventional organic waste treatment system, when the total capacity of the compost 11 of the composting apparatus 10 is increased, it is necessary to increase the number of deodorizing power generation apparatuses 20 in accordance with the increase rate. For example, when the total capacity of the compost 11 is doubled (the maximum amount of generated odor gas is doubled), the number of deodorizing power generation apparatuses 20 needs to be doubled.
On the other hand, in the organic waste treatment system S of the present embodiment, even if the total capacity of the compost 11 is doubled, the generated maximum odor gas amount is not doubled. There is no need to double the number of units. For example, when the total capacity of the compost 11 is changed from 20 m2 (10 m2 × 2 units) to 40 m2 (20 m2 × 2 units), the number of deodorizing power generation devices 20 is increased from 2 to 3 (1.5 times the number). It is possible to cope with it simply by increasing it.
Thus, in the organic waste treatment system S, even if the capacity of the composting apparatus 10 is increased, the increase in the number of deodorizing power generation apparatuses 20 can be suppressed to the minimum.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of the organic waste disposal system and method concerning this invention was described referring drawings, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described embodiments are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the air X is heated using waste heat H (radiator waste heat of the combustion engine 21) from the deodorizing power generation device 20, and the heated air is sent to the air feed pipe 50 and the blower pipe 15. It may be made to promote fermentation of livestock feces F by introducing into composting device 10 (compost 11). Thereby, even if it does not use the electric heater 14, fermentation of livestock feces F can be accelerated | stimulated. Moreover, the running cost of the composting apparatus 10 can be reduced.
At this time, the control valves 52a and 52b are provided in the blower pipe 15 from the deodorizing power generation apparatus 20 to the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b, and the opening and closing of the control valves 52a and 52b is used for the fermentation cycle of livestock feces F in the composting apparatuses 10a and 10b. It is preferable to make it correspond. That is, the control valves 52a and 52b are alternately opened and closed about every 12 hours so that the heated air is sent only to the composting apparatus 10 that wants to promote the fermentation of livestock feces F.
Note that the opening and closing of the control valves 52a and 52b and the opening and closing of the control valves 35a and 35b are not necessarily in the same period, and the control valves 52a and 52b are in the initial stage of the fermentation cycle (for example, 12 hours from the introduction of the livestock feces F). It is preferable to be opened at (1).

In the above-described embodiment, the case where two composting apparatuses 10 are provided has been described. In this case, it is not restricted to shifting the fermentation cycle of each composting apparatus 10 about every 12 hours. In the case of three units, the fermentation cycle may be shifted about every 8 hours.
Moreover, although embodiment mentioned above demonstrated the case where the fermentation cycle of each composting apparatus 10 was about 24 hours, this is an example, Comprising: The case where it is shorter or longer than 24 hours may be sufficient.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the organic waste processing system S which concerns on this embodiment. It is the figure which showed schematic structure of the composting apparatus. It is a figure for demonstrating the operating method of the organic waste disposal system. It is a figure which shows the relationship of the installation number of the deodorizing electric power generation apparatus 20 with respect to the total capacity | capacitance of the composting apparatus. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the modification of the organic waste disposal system.

Explanation of symbols

S ... Organic waste treatment system F ... Livestock excrement X ... Air G ... Odor gas Y ... Exhaust gas H ... Waste heat 10 (10a, 10b) ... Composting device 11 (11a, 11b) ... Compost 20 ... Deodorizing power generation device 21 ... Combustion engine 22 ... Generator 30 ... Gas feed pipe 31 (31a, 31b) ... Gas feed pipe 32 ... Gas feed pipe 33 (33a-33c) ... Gas feed pipe 34 ... Exhaust air blower 35 (35a, 35b) ... Control valve DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 40 ... Control apparatus 42 (42a, 42b) ... Temperature sensor 50 ... Air feed pipe 52a, 52b ... Control valve

Claims (4)

A plurality of composting devices that ferment and compost organic waste in a compost container ;
A plurality of deodorizing power generation devices for performing deodorization and power generation by burning odorous gas generated from the plurality of composting devices together with fuel;
In the operation method of the organic waste treatment method system having
The poured timing of organic waste made different for each of the plurality of composting apparatus dispersing the time of maximum occurrence of odorous gas Rutotomoni,
Supplying air toward the air supply amount of odorous gas from said plurality of composting device of the plurality of composting apparatus made different for each said deodorizing power generating device according to the occurrence state of odorous gases in the plurality of composting device Control the amount of odor gas to a certain amount,
An operating method of an organic waste treatment method system, wherein air heated using an amount of heat generated in the deodorizing power generation device is introduced into the plurality of composting devices . The input timing of the organic waste to the plurality of composting apparatuses is defined based on a time obtained by dividing the fermentation cycle time of the organic waste into the number of the plurality of composting apparatuses. Item 4. A method for operating the organic waste treatment method system according to Item 1. The operating state of the organic waste treatment method system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the generation state of odor gas in the plurality of composting apparatuses is determined based on a temperature in the compost container . . The operating method of the organic waste processing method system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the heated air is introduced into a composting apparatus that is to proceed with composting .

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