JP5126845B2 - Semiconductor material and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Semiconductor material and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP5126845B2 JP5126845B2 JP2008225702A JP2008225702A JP5126845B2 JP 5126845 B2 JP5126845 B2 JP 5126845B2 JP 2008225702 A JP2008225702 A JP 2008225702A JP 2008225702 A JP2008225702 A JP 2008225702A JP 5126845 B2 JP5126845 B2 JP 5126845B2
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Description
本発明は、基板とその表面に形成した薄膜とからなる半導体特性を有する半導体材料とその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a semiconductor material having semiconductor characteristics, which includes a substrate and a thin film formed on the surface thereof, and a method for manufacturing the same.
c−BNに代表されるsp3−結合性BNは、超高硬度(ダイヤモンドに次ぐ)と耐高温性(高温耐火物として知られる)を併せ持ち、物理的化学的に最も頑強な物質である一方、ワイドバンドギャップ(5〜6eV相当)半導体としてもその可能性が期待されている。しかし、sp3−結合性BNは超高温(数千℃)超高圧(数万気圧)で合成されるため、電子材料としての産業的な実用化が困難であった。一方その薄膜作製プロセスとしてスパッタ法やプラズマCVD法が知られているが、半導体特性を持つ材料の実現まで至っていないのが現状であった。 sp 3 -bonded BN, typified by c-BN, has both extremely high hardness (secondary to diamond) and high temperature resistance (known as high temperature refractory), and is the most physically and chemically robust substance. The possibility is also expected as a wide band gap (equivalent to 5 to 6 eV) semiconductor. However, since sp 3 -bonded BN is synthesized at an ultra-high temperature (several thousand degrees Celsius) and an ultra-high pressure (tens of thousands of atmospheric pressures), it has been difficult to put it into practical use as an electronic material. On the other hand, a sputtering method and a plasma CVD method are known as the thin film manufacturing process, but the present situation is that a material having semiconductor characteristics has not yet been realized.
本発明は、レーザなどの紫外光源を用いたプロセスによりsp3−結合性BN多形(sp3−結合性nH−BN;n=2以上の自然数)薄膜でかつ半導体特性を持つものを作製することを可能にする新たな手法、得られる材料、及びその電子デバイスへの応用に関するものである。 In the present invention, a sp 3 -bonded BN polymorph (sp 3 -bonded nH-BN; a natural number of n = 2 or more) thin film having semiconductor characteristics is manufactured by a process using an ultraviolet light source such as a laser. The present invention relates to a new technique that makes it possible, materials obtained, and applications to electronic devices.
発明1の半導体材料は、基板とその表面に形成した薄膜とからなる半導体特性を有する半導体材料であって、前記薄膜がBNはsp3−結合性nH−BN(nは2以上の自然数)であり、前記基板を構成する材料が前記薄膜にドープされ、半導体化されていることを特徴とする。
The semiconductor material of the invention 1 is a semiconductor material having semiconductor characteristics comprising a substrate and a thin film formed on the surface thereof, wherein the thin film is sp 3 -bonding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more). Ah is, the material constituting the substrate is doped in the thin film, characterized in that it is a semiconductor of.
発明2は、発明1の半導体材料の製造方法であって、不活性ガスにNH 3 ガスを混入したガス雰囲気中で、半導体基板にアモルファスBN薄膜が形成してある前駆体の薄膜方面に紫外光を照射して、前記薄膜をsp3−結合性nH−BN(nは2以上の自然数)に変性することを特徴とする。
Invention 2 is a method for producing a semiconductor material according to Invention 1, and in the gas atmosphere in which NH 3 gas is mixed in an inert gas , ultraviolet light is applied to the thin film direction of the precursor in which the amorphous BN thin film is formed on the semiconductor substrate. The thin film is modified to sp 3 -bonding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more).
従来不可能であった、BN薄膜による半導体材料を実現することができた。 It was possible to realize a semiconductor material using a BN thin film, which was impossible in the past.
アモルファスBN薄膜の作製。
コーン・エミッターを有しないアモルファスBN薄膜を形成する従来周知の方法を用いることが可能である。代表例としては、プラズマCVD,熱CVD等により、ホウ素原料ガスとしてB2H6、BCl3等、窒素原料ガスとしてNH3等を用いる。
基板としては、Siを用いると、下記するようにp型半導体BNが得られ、Cを含む材質(グラファイト、B4Cなど)等を用いると、n型半導体BNが得られる。ここで、BNはsp3−結合性nH−BN(nは2以上の自然数)というBN高密度相の多形である。
基板上に作製された上記アモルファスBN薄膜を、光導入用光学窓を持つ合成チャンバーに設置し、チャンバー内雰囲気を不活性ガス(Arなど)、又は、不活性ガスにNH3ガスなどを混入したもので満たし、チャンバー外から光学窓を通して紫外光(代表的にはArFレーザ光:波長193nm)を薄膜表面に照射する。この際、NH3等の窒素を含有するガスを推奨するのはBNの組成変化(Nが抜けやすい)を抑制する効果があるためである。又、これらの雰囲気は、プラズマ化することで、プロセス時間の短縮などの効果がある。図1は、以下の実施例を実施するために使用した装置の概略図である。
ガスプラズマとレーザ照射とは異なるタイミングで行われ、アモルファスBN薄膜を生成するときにガスプラズマを使用し、コーン・エミッターを生成するときにレーザ照射を行えるようにしてある。
そして、これらの操作を、チャンバー内から基板を出し入れしなくとも連続して順次行えるようにしてある。
なお、アモルファスBN薄膜とレーザ照射とを別個の装置で行うことを妨げるものではない。
Preparation of amorphous BN thin film.
It is possible to use a conventionally known method for forming an amorphous BN thin film having no cone emitter. As a typical example, B 2 H 6 , BCl 3 or the like is used as a boron source gas, and NH 3 or the like is used as a nitrogen source gas by plasma CVD, thermal CVD, or the like.
When Si is used as the substrate, a p-type semiconductor BN is obtained as described below, and when a material containing C (graphite, B4C, etc.) is used, an n-type semiconductor BN is obtained. Here, BN is a polymorph of a BN high-density phase called sp 3 -bonding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more).
The amorphous BN thin film prepared on the substrate was placed in a synthesis chamber having an optical window for light introduction, and the atmosphere in the chamber was mixed with an inert gas (Ar or the like), or NH 3 gas or the like was mixed into the inert gas. The thin film surface is irradiated with ultraviolet light (typically ArF laser light: wavelength 193 nm) through the optical window from outside the chamber. At this time, the reason why a gas containing nitrogen such as NH 3 is recommended is that it has an effect of suppressing a change in the composition of BN (N tends to escape). In addition, these atmospheres can be converted into plasma, thereby reducing the process time. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus used to carry out the following examples.
Gas plasma and laser irradiation are performed at different timings. Gas plasma is used when an amorphous BN thin film is formed, and laser irradiation can be performed when a cone emitter is generated.
These operations can be performed successively and sequentially without taking in and out the substrate from the chamber.
In addition, it does not prevent performing an amorphous BN thin film and laser irradiation with a separate apparatus.
上記方法とは別に既知(特許文献1等)のレーザ・プラズマ複合化CVD法による薄膜によっても、十分なレーザ光のエネルギー密度(レーザ・フルエンス)の条件下では、前記手法と同様に、下記の特性の薄膜が得られた。 In addition to the above-described method, a known thin film by a laser / plasma composite CVD method (Patent Document 1 or the like) can be used under the conditions of sufficient energy density (laser fluence) of the laser beam in the same manner as the above method. A characteristic thin film was obtained.
以下の本発明を実証するための実験例を示す。
アモルファスBN薄膜の作成
本実施例では、表1に示す条件にてアモルファスBN薄膜を得た。
Experimental examples for demonstrating the present invention will be shown below.
In preparing this embodiment of the amorphous BN films to give the A Amorphous BN thin film under the conditions shown in Table 1.
Lot No.1のAFM像を図5に示す。 他のロットのアモルファスBN薄膜も同様な表面であった。
Lot No. An AFM image of 1 is shown in FIG . Other lots of amorphous BN thin films had similar surfaces.
薄膜改質
前記表1にて得られたアモルファスBN薄膜を表2に示すようにして、薄膜の改質を行った。
The A Amorphous BN thin films obtained by thin film reforming Table 1 as shown in Table 2, was modified in the thin film.
表2−1の薄膜はp型の導電性を示すBN半導体であることが、熱起電力測定により判明した。
n型Si基板上に得られたp型BN薄膜は、pn接合を形成し、整流特性を示していることが判明した(図2)。
It was found by thermoelectromotive force measurement that the thin film in Table 2-1 was a BN semiconductor exhibiting p-type conductivity.
The p-type BN thin film obtained on the n-type Si substrate was found to form a pn junction and exhibit rectification characteristics (FIG. 2).
同じくSi基板上に得られたp型BN薄膜で表面にサブミクロンからミクロメータ程度のコーン状のモルフォロジーを示すもの(表2−2)を、探針をメタル・コートしたAFM(原子間力顕微鏡)によりその電流-電圧特性を測定したところ、負電圧領域では電流は流れにくく、正電圧(5〜6V)付近でスイッチ的に電流が流れるという特性が得られ、通常のpn接合による整流特性とは異なるナノドットなどの量子効果特性に近い(あるいは同等な)特性が得られた(図3、4,5,6)。 Similarly, a p-type BN thin film obtained on a Si substrate and showing a cone-like morphology of submicron to micrometer on the surface (Table 2-2), AFM (atomic force microscope) with a metal-coated probe ), The current-voltage characteristics were measured. As a result, it was found that the current hardly flows in the negative voltage region and that the current flows like a switch in the vicinity of the positive voltage (5 to 6 V). The characteristics similar to (or equivalent to) the quantum effect characteristics such as different nanodots were obtained (FIGS. 3, 4, 5, and 6).
前記表2−1、2に示すn型Si−p型BNによるpn接合に光照射した上で熱起電力電力測定、電流電圧特性の測定などをおこなったところ、十分な光起電力が生じており、太陽電池として使用できることが判明した。
前記表2−1、2に示す光起電力を有するpn接合を、n型GaNなどとのヘテロ接合として、あるいは、C等のドープによるn型BNと上記p型BNとのホモ接合として、ガラスなどの透明基板上に作製すれば、光透過性(透明な)太陽電池が作成でき、窓ガラスなどへの応用が可能になる。
When pn junctions with n-type Si-p-type BN shown in Tables 2-1 and 2 were irradiated with light, the measurement of thermoelectromotive force and current-voltage characteristics, etc. resulted in sufficient photovoltaic power. It has been found that it can be used as a solar cell.
As the pn junction having the photovoltaic power shown in Tables 2-1 and 2 as a heterojunction with n-type GaN or the like, or as a homojunction between n-type BN doped with C or the like and the p-type BN, glass If it is produced on a transparent substrate such as the above, a light transmissive (transparent) solar cell can be produced, and application to a window glass or the like becomes possible.
サファイア基板上に得られた薄膜もsp3−結合性nH−BN(nは2以上の自然数)多形であった。これにより、薄膜は透明であることが判明した(図7)。したがって、各種ドーピング手法により、透明導電性BN半導体薄膜が作製できる。
サファイア基板上に作成した透明なsp3−結合性nH−BN薄膜で、基板を回転しながら成長したため、図7に示すとおり円盤状に形成されている。又、レーザ光の不均一性を反映して、中心部分と、円盤周縁部分では透明性が落ちて、多少の着色が見られる。
A thin film obtained in the fire on board also sp 3 - binding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more) were polymorphic. This revealed that the thin film was transparent (FIG. 7). Therefore, a transparent conductive BN semiconductor thin film can be produced by various doping techniques.
Since the transparent sp 3 -bonding nH-BN thin film prepared on the sapphire substrate was grown while rotating the substrate, it was formed in a disk shape as shown in FIG. Further, reflecting the non-uniformity of the laser beam, the transparency is lowered at the central portion and the peripheral portion of the disk, and some coloring is observed.
上記pn接合に既存特許(3598381号)の紫外発光特性を組み合わせると、いわゆるエレクトロルミネッセンスによる紫外発光素子(ダイオード)が作成でき、225nmや300nm等の産業的な需要の大きい固体紫外光源が得られ、広大な応用領域がカバーできる。
導電性発現の解釈として、レーザ光が十分なエネルギー密度を持つ場合、基板材料自体が成長しつつあるBN薄膜とミキシングを生じてドーピングされることが考えられ、表2-1、2、3などの例では、シリコンがBNにドープされ、p型半導体化したことが考えられる。
Combining the above-mentioned pn junction with the ultraviolet light emission characteristics of the existing patent (3598381), an ultraviolet light emitting element (diode) by so-called electroluminescence can be created, and a solid ultraviolet light source having a large industrial demand such as 225 nm and 300 nm can be obtained. A vast application area can be covered.
As an interpretation of the expression of conductivity, when the laser beam has a sufficient energy density, it is considered that the substrate material itself is mixed with the growing BN thin film and doped, and Tables 2-1, 2, 3 etc. In this example, it can be considered that silicon is doped into BN to form a p-type semiconductor.
図9の薄膜合成条件は、下表に示すとおりである。
The thin film synthesis conditions in FIG. 9 are as shown in the table below.
図10の薄膜は、1インチN型Si(100)基板上に作成したBN薄膜に、銅メッシュを電極として接触させたものである。
その太陽電池能は、100Wの電球による光照射により測定した。その結果を図10に示す。ここで、実線は、光照射無しの場合、点線は光照射有りの場合で、Voc=0.17Vが確認できた。測定は、1MΩの抵抗を直列に入れて行っている。
このように、この半導体材料は太陽電池としての応用が可能である。
The thin film in FIG. 10 is obtained by bringing a copper mesh into contact with a BN thin film formed on a 1-inch N-type Si (100) substrate.
The solar cell performance was measured by light irradiation with a 100 W bulb. The results are shown in FIG. Here, the solid line indicates no light irradiation, the dotted line indicates the light irradiation, and Voc = 0.17V was confirmed. The measurement is performed by inserting a 1 MΩ resistor in series.
Thus, this semiconductor material can be applied as a solar cell.
Claims (2)
前記薄膜がsp3−結合性nH−BN(nは2以上の自然数)であり、
前記基板を構成する材料が前記薄膜にドープされ、半導体化されていることを特徴とする半導体材料。 A semiconductor material having semiconductor characteristics comprising a substrate and a thin film formed on the surface thereof,
The thin film is sp 3 - binding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more) der is,
A semiconductor material characterized in that a material constituting the substrate is doped into the thin film to make a semiconductor .
2. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor material according to claim 1 , wherein ultraviolet light is applied to a thin film direction of a precursor in which an amorphous BN thin film is formed on a semiconductor substrate in a gas atmosphere in which NH 3 gas is mixed in an inert gas. Irradiation to modify the thin film into sp 3 -bonding nH-BN (n is a natural number of 2 or more).
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