JP5126126B2 - Brazing clad material and product using the same - Google Patents

Brazing clad material and product using the same Download PDF

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JP5126126B2
JP5126126B2 JP2009064613A JP2009064613A JP5126126B2 JP 5126126 B2 JP5126126 B2 JP 5126126B2 JP 2009064613 A JP2009064613 A JP 2009064613A JP 2009064613 A JP2009064613 A JP 2009064613A JP 5126126 B2 JP5126126 B2 JP 5126126B2
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brazing
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copper
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英之 佐川
一真 黒木
洋光 黒田
稔之 堀越
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Hitachi Cable Ltd
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Description

本発明は、軽量で、耐食性にも、熱伝導性にも、強度にも優れたろう付け用クラッド材及びそれを用いた製品に関する。   The present invention relates to a brazing clad material that is lightweight and has excellent corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and strength, and a product using the same.

自動車エンジン用オイルクーラには、その部材自体が自動車用オイルクーラの一部又は全体を構成する構造材であってその部材自体同士の接合あるいは他の部材との接合を図る接合材付き構造材として、ステンレス基ろう付け用クラッド材が用いられる。ステンレス基ろう付け用クラッド材は、基材であるステンレス(SUS)板の片面あるいは両面にろう材として銅(Cu)がクラッド(一体化)されたものである。   As an oil cooler for automobile engines, the member itself is a structural material constituting a part or the whole of the oil cooler for automobile, and the member itself is a structural material with a joining material for joining the members or joining other members. Stainless steel-based brazing clad material is used. The stainless steel brazing clad material is obtained by clad (integrated) copper (Cu) as a brazing material on one or both surfaces of a stainless steel (SUS) plate as a base material.

自動車コンデンサやラジエータに用いられる接合材付き構造材としては、JIS−Z3263と特許文献2に、アルミニウム(Al)ブレージングシートが記載されている。   Aluminum (Al) brazing sheets are described in JIS-Z3263 and Patent Document 2 as structural materials with bonding materials used for automobile capacitors and radiators.

接合強度や耐食性などの信頼性が要求される製品には、アルミニウムブレージングシートの適用が困難であり、ステンレス基ろう付け用クラッド材が使用される。しかし、ステンレス基ろう付け用クラッド材は、銅と鉄を主成分とするステンレスとにより構成されるため、重量が大きい。   For products that require reliability such as bonding strength and corrosion resistance, it is difficult to apply an aluminum brazing sheet, and a stainless steel brazing clad material is used. However, since the stainless steel brazing clad material is composed of stainless steel mainly composed of copper and iron, it is heavy.

アルミニウムブレージングシートを製品に用いるとき、アルミニウムの強度不足を解消するために、基材を肉厚化することになり、製品の小型化や軽量化が妨げられる。   When an aluminum brazing sheet is used in a product, the base material is thickened in order to solve the lack of strength of aluminum, which hinders downsizing and weight reduction of the product.

特許文献1には、ブレージングシートの基材に元素を添加して強度の向上を図ることが記載されている。しかし、基材への元素添加によってろう材と基材の融点差が小さくなり、ろう付け組立時の温度管理に不具合が生じる。   Patent Document 1 describes that an element is added to the base material of the brazing sheet to improve the strength. However, the addition of elements to the base material reduces the difference in melting point between the brazing material and the base material, causing problems in temperature management during brazing assembly.

エアコン用熱交換器では、熱伝導性の高い銅パイプとアルミニウムフィンをろう付けにより接合している。しかし、銅とアルミニウムは、個々の持つ耐食性(腐食電位)が大きく異なるため、接合部における異種金属間腐食の可能性が高い。そこで、接合部を腐食環境から絶縁するなどの煩雑な対策が必要である。   In heat exchangers for air conditioners, copper pipes with high thermal conductivity and aluminum fins are joined by brazing. However, since copper and aluminum have greatly different corrosion resistances (corrosion potentials), the possibility of corrosion between different metals at the joint is high. Therefore, complicated measures such as insulating the joint from a corrosive environment are necessary.

特開平9−302433号公報JP-A-9-302433 特許第3780380号公報Japanese Patent No. 3780380 特開2006−264198号公報JP 2006-264198 A 特開2004−291078号公報JP 2004-291078 A 特開2002−210589号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-210589 特開2005−28412号公報JP 2005-28412 A 特開2005−118826号公報JP-A-2005-118826 特開平7−47487号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-47487 特開平7−47488号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-47488

JIS−Z3263JIS-Z3263

従来のろう付け用クラッド材には、重量が大きいこと、耐食性が不足であること、熱伝導性が不足であること、強度が弱いことなどの問題がある。   Conventional brazing clad materials have problems such as high weight, insufficient corrosion resistance, insufficient thermal conductivity, and low strength.

そこで、本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、軽量で、耐食性にも、熱伝導性にも、強度にも優れたろう付け用クラッド材及びそれを用いた製品を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and provide a brazing clad material that is lightweight, excellent in corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and strength, and a product using the same.

上記目的を達成するために本発明のろう付け用クラッド材は、銅又は銅合金からなる基材の片面又は両面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材がクラッドされたものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the brazing clad material of the present invention is obtained by clad a brazing material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on one side or both sides of a base material made of copper or a copper alloy.

上記基材と上記ろう材との間に、上記ろう材よりも融点が高いアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる被覆材がクラッドされてもよい。   A covering material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a melting point higher than that of the brazing material may be clad between the base material and the brazing material.

上記被覆材がアルミニウムを主成分とする合金からなってもよい。   The covering material may be made of an alloy mainly composed of aluminum.

また、本発明の製品は、請求項1〜3に記載のろう付け用クラッド材がそれ自体で又は他の構造材とろう付け組み立てされたものである。   The product of the present invention is a product obtained by brazing the brazing clad material according to claims 1 to 3 by itself or with another structural material.

本発明は次の如き優れた効果を発揮する。   The present invention exhibits the following excellent effects.

(1)軽量である。   (1) Light weight.

(2)耐食性が高い。   (2) High corrosion resistance.

(3)熱伝導性が高い。   (3) High thermal conductivity.

(4)強度が強い。   (4) Strong strength.

本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示すろう付け用クラッド材の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the clad material for brazing which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態を示す製品の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of the product which shows one Embodiment of this invention. 熱交換性能の試験装置の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the test apparatus of heat exchange performance.

以下、本発明の一実施形態を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

本出願人は、ろう付け用クラッド材の構成について種々検討し、以下に述べる本発明のろう付け用クラッド材を発明するに至った。   The applicant of the present invention has studied various configurations of the brazing clad material and invented the brazing clad material of the present invention described below.

図1に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材11は、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12の片面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材13がクラッド(一体化)されたものである。   As shown in FIG. 1, a clad material 11 for brazing according to the present invention has a brazing material 13 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy clad (integrated) on one surface of a base material 12 made of copper or a copper alloy. Is.

図2に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材21は、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12の両面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材13がクラッドされたものである。   As shown in FIG. 2, a brazing clad material 21 according to the present invention is obtained by clad a brazing material 13 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy on both surfaces of a base material 12 made of copper or a copper alloy.

図3に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材31は、図1のろう付け用クラッド材11において、基材12とろう材13との間に、ろう材13よりも融点が高いアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる被覆材14がクラッドされたものである。したがって、被覆材14とろう材13とは、合金の種類や合金の組成が異なる。   As shown in FIG. 3, the brazing clad material 31 according to the present invention has a melting point higher than that of the brazing material 13 between the base material 12 and the brazing material 13 in the brazing clad material 11 of FIG. 1. A coating material 14 made of high aluminum or aluminum alloy is clad. Therefore, the coating material 14 and the brazing material 13 are different in the type of alloy and the composition of the alloy.

図4に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材41は、図2に示すろう付け用クラッド材21において、基材12と両面のろう材13との間に、ろう材13よりも融点が高いアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる被覆材14がそれぞれクラッドされたものである。   As shown in FIG. 4, the brazing clad material 41 according to the present invention is a brazing clad material 21 shown in FIG. 2 between the base material 12 and the brazing material 13 on both sides. Also, the covering material 14 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a high melting point is clad.

以下、本発明のろう付け用クラッド材の作用効果を説明する。   Hereinafter, the function and effect of the brazing clad material of the present invention will be described.

本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41において、基材12として銅又は銅合金を用いたのは、銅及び銅合金は強度が高く、熱伝導性が高いからである。ろう材13としてアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金を用いたのは、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金は、軽量で、耐酸化性が高いからである。   In the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, and 41 of the present invention, copper or a copper alloy is used as the base material 12 because copper and copper alloy have high strength and high thermal conductivity. The reason why aluminum or aluminum alloy is used as the brazing material 13 is that aluminum and aluminum alloy are lightweight and have high oxidation resistance.

さらに、銅、銅合金、アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金は、板、箔の形態で汎用されているため、板、箔の形態で入手が容易であり、しかも、圧延、プレス、絞り加工が容易である。   Furthermore, since copper, copper alloy, aluminum, and aluminum alloy are widely used in the form of a plate and foil, they can be easily obtained in the form of a plate and foil, and rolling, pressing, and drawing are easy.

そこで、アルミニウムにマグネシウム(Mg)やシリコン(Si)またはそれらの組み合わせを添加して強度を向上させて銅と同等程度の強度を有するアルミニウム合金を基材として用いることが考えられる。しかし、これらの元素を添加すると、アルミニウムの融点も変化してしまう。例えば、Al中にSi(Si濃度は12.6mass%以下)を添加していくと融点は下がるため、Al−Siをろう材として用い、強度を向上させたAl合金としてAl−Si−MgやAl−Siなどを基材として用いた場合、Alろう材とAl合金基材との融点差が小さくなり、ろう付け組立時の温度管理に不具合が生じる。   Therefore, it is conceivable to use as the base material an aluminum alloy having the same strength as copper by adding magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si) or a combination thereof to aluminum to improve the strength. However, when these elements are added, the melting point of aluminum also changes. For example, when Si (Si concentration is 12.6 mass% or less) is added to Al, the melting point decreases. Therefore, Al—Si is used as a brazing material, and Al—Si—Mg or Al is used as an Al alloy with improved strength. When Al—Si or the like is used as the base material, the difference in melting point between the Al brazing material and the Al alloy base material becomes small, resulting in a problem in temperature management during brazing assembly.

そこで、本発明のろう付け用クラッド材では、基材12が銅又は銅合金からなる。これにより基材12の強度を強くできる。   Therefore, in the brazing clad material of the present invention, the base material 12 is made of copper or a copper alloy. Thereby, the intensity | strength of the base material 12 can be strengthened.

本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41では、基材12が熱伝導性のよい銅又は銅合金からなるため、ろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41の熱伝導性が良い。よって、本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41を熱交換器の構造材とした場合、熱交換器の熱交換性能を大幅に向上できる。   In the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 of the present invention, since the base material 12 is made of copper or copper alloy having good thermal conductivity, the thermal conductivity of the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 is used. Is good. Therefore, when the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 of the present invention are used as the heat exchanger structural material, the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger can be greatly improved.

本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41では、基材12にろう材13がクラッドされているので、このろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41を構造材とし、それ自体又は他の構造材とろう付け組み立てして製品を製造する際に、構造材にろう材を塗布する必要がない。これにより、製品の製造コストを大幅に低減できる。   In the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, and 41 of the present invention, since the brazing material 13 is clad on the base material 12, the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, and 41 are used as structural materials. When a product is manufactured by brazing with itself or another structural material, it is not necessary to apply a brazing material to the structural material. Thereby, the manufacturing cost of a product can be reduced significantly.

本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41では、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12の全表面をアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材13で覆うようにしたので、例えば、ろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41とアルミニウムからなるフィンとをろう付け組み立てする場合のように、アルミニウムからなる他の構造材と結合させる場合、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12がアルミニウムからなる他の構造材には直接接しないため、異種金属間腐食の発生を抑制することができる。   In the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 of the present invention, the entire surface of the base material 12 made of copper or copper alloy is covered with the brazing material 13 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. When the clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 for aluminum and the fins made of aluminum are joined to other structural members made of aluminum as in the case of brazing and assembling, the base material 12 made of copper or a copper alloy is made of aluminum. Therefore, the occurrence of corrosion between different metals can be suppressed.

本発明のろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41は、製品において求められる強度に応じて、基材12とろう材13の厚さ比(基材厚/ろう材厚)を変えることができる。厚さ比を極端に小さくすると強度は弱くなるが、強度を上記求められる強度に確保しつつ、厚さ比をできるだけ小さくすることにより、熱交換性能の向上(製品が熱交換器の場合)と軽量化を図ることができる。   The brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41 of the present invention can change the thickness ratio (base material thickness / brazing material thickness) between the base material 12 and the brazing material 13 according to the strength required in the product. it can. If the thickness ratio is made extremely small, the strength becomes weaker. However, the heat exchange performance is improved (when the product is a heat exchanger) by making the thickness ratio as small as possible while ensuring the strength at the required strength. Weight reduction can be achieved.

図3、図4に示した本発明のろう付け用クラッド材31,41は、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12の表面が確実にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる被覆材14で覆われているので、異種金属間腐食の発生が抑制され、耐異種金属間腐食の信頼性が高い。ここで、被覆材14の融点はろう材13の融点を超えてはならない。その理由は、ろう材13の融点が基材12と接する被覆材14の融点以上の場合、ろう付けの際に被覆材14が溶融してしまい、被覆材14が基材12を被覆する役目を果たさなくなるからである。その点、本発明のろう付け用クラッド材31,41は、被覆材14がろう材13よりも融点が高いので、ろう付けの際に被覆材14が溶融しないで残る。   Since the clad materials 31 and 41 for brazing of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 are surely covered with the covering material 14 made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, the surface of the base material 12 made of copper or copper alloy is covered. The occurrence of corrosion between different metals is suppressed, and the reliability of corrosion resistance between different metals is high. Here, the melting point of the covering material 14 should not exceed the melting point of the brazing material 13. The reason is that when the melting point of the brazing material 13 is equal to or higher than the melting point of the covering material 14 in contact with the base material 12, the covering material 14 melts during brazing, and the covering material 14 serves to cover the base material 12. Because it will not be fulfilled. In that respect, since the cladding material 31 and 41 of the present invention has a melting point higher than that of the brazing material 13, the coating material 14 remains without melting during brazing.

銅合金としては、銅に鉛(Pb)、鉄(Fe)、スズ(Sn)、亜鉛(Zn)、アルミニウム、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、シリコン(Si)、リン(P)のうち選ばれた数種を0.1〜10mass%添加した合金の利用が可能である。アルミニウム合金としては、アルミニウムに銅、マンガン、シリコン、鉄、マグネシウム、亜鉛、ニッケルのうち選ばれた数種を添加した合金の利用が可能である。なお、アルミニウム中に添加するシリコン濃度は0.1〜13mass%とし、シリコン以外の元素の濃度は0.1〜5mass%となるように設定する。これらの合金を基材12、ろう材13、被覆材14に用いることにより、本発明の効果を得ることができる。   Copper alloys include copper (lead) (Pb), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), aluminum, manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P). It is possible to use an alloy to which several selected species are added in an amount of 0.1 to 10 mass%. As the aluminum alloy, it is possible to use an alloy obtained by adding several kinds selected from copper, manganese, silicon, iron, magnesium, zinc, and nickel to aluminum. Note that the concentration of silicon added to aluminum is set to 0.1 to 13 mass%, and the concentration of elements other than silicon is set to 0.1 to 5 mass%. By using these alloys for the base material 12, the brazing material 13 and the coating material 14, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.

ろう材13にアルミニウムを用いる場合は、ろう材13より高融点となる被覆材14には、例えば、Al−Zr合金(Zr(ジルコニア)の濃度は、0.01mass%以上0.5mass%以下)を用いることにより、本発明の効果を得ることができる。   When aluminum is used for the brazing material 13, for example, an Al—Zr alloy (the concentration of Zr (zirconia) is 0.01 mass% or more and 0.5 mass% or less) for the coating material 14 having a higher melting point than the brazing material 13. By using the effect of the present invention can be obtained.

また、被覆材14にアルミニウムを用いる場合は、被覆材14よりも低融点となるろう材13には、例えば、JIS Z 3263−1992に記載のAl−Si合金(Si濃度は、6.8mass%以上13mass%以下)やAl−Si−Cu合金(Si濃度は、6.8mass%以上13mass%以下、Cu濃度は、3.3mass%以上4.7mass%以下)を用いることにより、本発明の効果を得ることができる。   Further, when aluminum is used for the covering material 14, for example, an Al—Si alloy (Si concentration is 6.8 mass%) described in JIS Z 3263-1992 is used as the brazing material 13 having a lower melting point than the covering material 14. The effect of the present invention is achieved by using an Al-Si-Cu alloy (Si concentration is 6.8 mass% or more and 13 mass% or less, Cu concentration is 3.3 mass% or more and 4.7 mass% or less). Can be obtained.

図5に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材51は、断面が楕円形の楕円筒チューブである。ろう付け用クラッド材51の断面は、楕円に限らず、長円、角部に丸みのある四角でもよい。基材12の片面のみに被覆材14とろう材13をクラッドした図3のろう付け用クラッド材31を、ろう材13を内側にして丸め、合わせた両端を溶接して円筒チューブとし、その円筒チューブに径方向に圧力を加えることにより、楕円筒チューブのろう付け用クラッド材51とする。   As shown in FIG. 5, the brazing clad material 51 according to the present invention is an elliptic tube having an elliptical cross section. The cross section of the brazing clad material 51 is not limited to an ellipse, but may be an ellipse or a square with round corners. The brazing clad material 31 shown in FIG. 3 in which the coating material 14 and the brazing material 13 are clad only on one surface of the base material 12 is rolled with the brazing material 13 inside, and the combined ends are welded to form a cylindrical tube. By applying pressure in the radial direction to the tube, the clad material 51 for brazing the elliptical tube is obtained.

図6に示されるように、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材61は、棒状である。すなわち、ろう付け用クラッド材61は、円柱状の基材12の外周に同心状に形成された被覆材14を有し、その被覆材14の外周に同心状に形成されたろう材13を有する。これら基材12と被覆材14とろう材13はクラッドされている。本発明のろう付け用クラッド材は、棒状に限らず、ワイヤ状でもよい。   As shown in FIG. 6, the brazing clad material 61 according to the present invention has a rod shape. That is, the brazing clad material 61 has the coating material 14 formed concentrically on the outer periphery of the columnar base material 12, and the brazing material 13 formed concentrically on the outer periphery of the coating material 14. These base material 12, covering material 14 and brazing material 13 are clad. The brazing clad material of the present invention is not limited to a rod shape but may be a wire shape.

図7に示されるように、本発明に係る製品71は、図5のろう付け用クラッド材51の中空部に純アルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、ろう付けによりろう付け用クラッド材51とフィン72を接合してなる熱交換器(熱交換チューブ)である。銅又は銅合金からなる基材12が表面に表れる熱交換チューブ71の外側を、例えば、冷却媒体としての腐食性溶媒が通過するようにし、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材13が表面に表れる熱交換チューブ71の内側を、例えば、高温ガスが通過するようにする。なお、広義には酸化は腐食の一形態であるが、一般的には、腐食は湿式腐食、酸化は、(ガスや酸素などによる)高温酸化の意味で使われており、本明細書でもこれに従う。銅はアルミニウムに比べて(湿式)腐食に強く、アルミニウムは銅に比べて(高温)酸化に強い。そこで、本発明では、腐食性溶媒側に銅を用い、高温ガス側にアルミニウムを用いる。   As shown in FIG. 7, the product 71 according to the present invention includes a fin 72 made of pure aluminum inserted into the hollow portion of the brazing clad material 51 shown in FIG. 72 is a heat exchanger (heat exchange tube) formed by joining 72. For example, a corrosive solvent as a cooling medium passes through the outside of the heat exchange tube 71 where the base material 12 made of copper or a copper alloy appears on the surface, and heat that the brazing material 13 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy appears on the surface. For example, hot gas passes through the inside of the exchange tube 71. In a broad sense, oxidation is a form of corrosion, but in general, corrosion is used for wet corrosion, and oxidation is used for high-temperature oxidation (due to gas, oxygen, etc.). Follow. Copper is more resistant to (wet) corrosion than aluminum, and aluminum is more resistant to oxidation (high temperature) than copper. Therefore, in the present invention, copper is used on the corrosive solvent side and aluminum is used on the high temperature gas side.

図7の製品71は、フィン72に、図2、図4のような基材12の両面にろう材13をクラッドしたろう付け用クラッド材を用いてもよい。このように、本発明に係る製品71は、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41,51,61のうちの1種類を構造材とし、その構造材を他の一般的な構造材とろう付け組み立てしてもよい。   The product 71 of FIG. 7 may use a brazing clad material in which the brazing material 13 is clad on both surfaces of the base material 12 as shown in FIGS. As described above, the product 71 according to the present invention includes a brazing clad material 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 according to the present invention as a structural material, and the structural material is used as another general material. May be brazed and assembled with other structural materials.

本発明に係る製品71は、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41,51,61のうちの1種類複数個同士あるいは2種類以上を構造材とし、これらの構造材をろう付け組み立てしてもよい。   A product 71 according to the present invention includes one or more kinds or two or more kinds of brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 according to the present invention as structural materials. You may braze and assemble.

本発明に係る製品71は、本発明に係るろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41,51,61のうちの1種類のみ1個を構造材とし、この構造材を変形加工してその一部をろう付けにより接合してもよい。   The product 71 according to the present invention includes only one of the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 according to the present invention as a structural material. A part may be joined by brazing.

本発明に係る製品71は、熱交換器に限定されず、軽量、耐食性、熱伝導性、強度が要求される製品に応用すればその効果を発揮できるので、特に用途が限定されるものではない。   The product 71 according to the present invention is not limited to a heat exchanger, and since its effect can be exerted if applied to a product that requires light weight, corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and strength, its use is not particularly limited. .

本発明に係る製品71は、図7に示した形状、配置に限定されず、ろう付け用クラッド材11,21,31,41,51,61がそれ自体で又は他の構造材とろう付け組み立てされたあらゆる形状、配置のものに適用される。   The product 71 according to the present invention is not limited to the shape and arrangement shown in FIG. 7, and the brazing clad materials 11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 are brazed and assembled with itself or with other structural materials. Applies to all shapes and arrangements made.

(実施例1)
厚さ0.25mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(ろう材13)と、厚さ1mmのCu条(基材12)とを圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、Al−Si/Cuを構成材とするクラッド材を作製した。さらに圧延を繰り返し、厚さ0.25mmのろう付け用クラッド材11を得た。このろう付け用クラッド材11を、ろう材13を内側にして円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、実施例1の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
Example 1
An Al—Si strip having a thickness of 0.25 mm (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (brazing material 13) and a Cu strip having a thickness of 1 mm (base material 12) are bonded (integrated) by a rolling method to obtain Al—Si. A clad material having / Cu as a constituent material was produced. Further, rolling was repeated to obtain a brazing clad material 11 having a thickness of 0.25 mm. This brazing clad material 11 was formed into a cylindrical tube with the brazing material 13 inside. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube having the same shape as that shown in FIG. 5, and aluminum fins 72 are inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical cylindrical tube, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C. for brazing. As a product of Example 1, a product (heat exchange tube) having substantially the same shape as in FIG. 7 was obtained.

(実施例2)
厚さ0.25mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(片面のろう材13)と、厚さ1mmのCu条(基材12)と、厚さ0.25mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(反対面のろう材13)とを圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、Al−Si/Cu/Al−Siを構成材とするクラッド材を作製した。さらに圧延を繰り返し、厚さ0.25mmのろう付け用クラッド材21を得た。このろう付け用クラッド材21を円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、実施例2の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
(Example 2)
0.25 mm thick Al—Si strip (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (single-sided brazing filler metal 13), 1 mm thick Cu strip (base material 12), 0.25 mm thick Al—Si strip ( A clad material comprising Al—Si / Cu / Al—Si as a constituent material was produced by bonding (integrating) the Si concentration (10 mass%) (the brazing material 13 on the opposite surface) with a rolling method. Further, rolling was repeated to obtain a brazing clad material 21 having a thickness of 0.25 mm. This brazing clad material 21 was formed into a cylindrical tube. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube having the same shape as that shown in FIG. 5, and aluminum fins 72 are inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical cylindrical tube, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C. for brazing. As a product of Example 2, a product (heat exchange tube) having substantially the same shape as in FIG. 7 was obtained.

(実施例3)
厚さ0.15mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(ろう材13)と、厚さ0.25mmのAl(被覆材14)と、厚さ1mmのCu条(基材12)とを圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、Al−Si/Al/Cuを構成材とするクラッド材を作製した。さらに圧延を繰り返し、厚さ0.28mmのろう付け用クラッド材31を得た。このろう付け用クラッド材31を、ろう材13を内側にして円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5の楕円筒チューブ(ろう付け用クラッド材)51に変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブ51の中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、実施例3の製品として図7の製品(熱交換チューブ)71を得た。
(Example 3)
Al-Si strip having a thickness of 0.15 mm (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (brazing material 13), Al having a thickness of 0.25 mm (covering material 14), and Cu strip having a thickness of 1 mm (base material 12) Were bonded (integrated) by a rolling method to produce a clad material comprising Al—Si / Al / Cu as a constituent material. Further, rolling was repeated to obtain a brazing clad material 31 having a thickness of 0.28 mm. This brazing clad material 31 was formed into a cylindrical tube with the brazing material 13 inside. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube (brazing clad material) 51 of FIG. 5, and fins 72 made of aluminum are inserted into the hollow part of the elliptical cylindrical tube 51, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C. Thus, brazing was performed, and the product (heat exchange tube) 71 of FIG.

(実施例4)
厚さ0.15mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(片面のろう材13)と、厚さ0.25mmのAl(片面の被覆材14)と、厚さ1mmのCu条(基材12)と、厚さ0.25mmのAl(反対面の被覆材14)と、厚さ0.15mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(反対面のろう材13)とを圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、Al−Si/Al/Cu/Al/Al−Siを構成材とするクラッド材を作製した。さらに圧延を繰り返し、厚さ0.3mmのろう付け用クラッド材41を得た。このろう付け用クラッド材41を円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、実施例4の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
Example 4
0.15-mm thick Al-Si strip (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (single-sided brazing material 13), 0.25-mm thick Al (single-side coating material 14), and 1-mm-thick Cu strip (base) Rolling material 12), Al with a thickness of 0.25 mm (covering material 14 on the opposite surface), and Al-Si strip with a thickness of 0.15 mm (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (brazing material 13 on the opposite surface) A clad material having Al—Si / Al / Cu / Al / Al—Si as a constituent material was produced by bonding (integrating) by a method. Further, rolling was repeated to obtain a brazing clad material 41 having a thickness of 0.3 mm. This brazing clad material 41 was formed into a cylindrical tube. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube having the same shape as that shown in FIG. 5, and aluminum fins 72 are inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical cylindrical tube, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C. for brazing. As a product of Example 4, a product (heat exchange tube) having substantially the same shape as in FIG. 7 was obtained.

(実施例5)
厚さ0.15mmのAl−Si条(Si濃度は10mass%)(ろう材13)と、厚さ0.25mmのAl(被覆材14)と、厚さ1mmのCu−3mass%Ni条(基材12)とを圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、Al−Si/Al/Cu−Niを構成材とするクラッド材を作製した。さらに圧延を繰り返し、厚さ0.28mmのろう付け用クラッド材31を得た。このろう付け用クラッド材31を、ろう材13を内側にして円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、実施例5の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
(Example 5)
0.15 mm thick Al—Si strip (Si concentration is 10 mass%) (brazing material 13), 0.25 mm thick Al (covering material 14), and 1 mm thick Cu-3 mass% Ni strip (base) The material 12) was bonded (integrated) with a rolling method to produce a clad material having Al—Si / Al / Cu—Ni as a constituent material. Further, rolling was repeated to obtain a brazing clad material 31 having a thickness of 0.28 mm. This brazing clad material 31 was formed into a cylindrical tube with the brazing material 13 inside. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube having the same shape as that shown in FIG. 5, and aluminum fins 72 are inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical cylindrical tube, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C. for brazing. As a product of Example 5, a product (heat exchange tube) having substantially the same shape as in FIG. 7 was obtained.

(比較例1)
厚さ0.25mmのCu条を筒状に成形し、そのチューブを加圧により楕円筒チューブに変形加工した。この楕円筒チューブの内面に、Al−Si粉末ろうを塗布し、Al−Si粉/Cuを構成材とする図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブとした。その後、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、比較例1の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
(Comparative Example 1)
A Cu strip having a thickness of 0.25 mm was formed into a cylindrical shape, and the tube was deformed into an elliptical cylindrical tube by pressurization. Al-Si powder brazing was applied to the inner surface of this elliptical tube, and an elliptical tube having substantially the same shape as that shown in FIG. Thereafter, the fin 72 made of aluminum is inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical tube, and the whole is heated at 600 ° C., and brazing is performed. As a product of Comparative Example 1, a product (heat exchange) having substantially the same shape as FIG. Tube).

(比較例2)
JIS−Z3263に記載のAlブレージングシート(構成材はAl/Al/Al)を、その基材の厚さが0.25mmになるように圧延法により厚さを調整した。このAlブレージングシートを筒状に成形し、そのチューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工した。その後、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にアルミニウムからなるフィン72を挿入し、全体を600℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、比較例2の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
(Comparative Example 2)
The thickness of the Al brazing sheet described in JIS-Z3263 (the constituent material is Al / Al / Al) was adjusted by a rolling method so that the thickness of the base material was 0.25 mm. This Al brazing sheet was formed into a cylindrical shape, and the tube was deformed by pressurization into an elliptical cylindrical tube having substantially the same shape as in FIG. Thereafter, the fin 72 made of aluminum is inserted into the hollow portion of the elliptical tube, and the whole is brazed by heating at 600 ° C. As a product of Comparative Example 2, a product having the same shape as that of FIG. Tube).

(従来例1)
厚さ0.1mmのCu条(ろう材)と1mmのSUS304条(基材)を圧延法により接着(一体化)させ、さらに圧延を繰り返し、SUS基材の厚さが0.25mmのクラッド材を得た。このクラッド材を、ろう材を内側にして円筒チューブに成形した。その円筒チューブを加圧により図5とほぼ同様形状の楕円筒チューブに変形加工し、その楕円筒チューブの中空部にSUS304からなるフィン(形状はフィン72とほぼ同様)を挿入し、全体を1120℃で加熱することによってろう付けを行い、従来例1の製品として図7とほぼ同様形状の製品(熱交換チューブ)を得た。
(Conventional example 1)
A 0.1 mm thick Cu strip (brazing material) and a 1 mm SUS304 strip (base material) are bonded (integrated) by a rolling method, and rolling is repeated until the SUS base material has a thickness of 0.25 mm. Got. This clad material was formed into a cylindrical tube with the brazing material inside. The cylindrical tube is deformed by pressurization into an elliptical tube having substantially the same shape as that shown in FIG. Brazing was performed by heating at 0 ° C., and a product (heat exchange tube) having the same shape as in FIG.

実施例、比較例、従来例の各製品及びろう付け用クラッド材(比較例1は単一材)について、強度、熱交換性能、異種金属間腐食の発生の有無、軽量化への寄与、加工性及び組立作業性の各試験を実施して評価し、さらに、これらの個別試験評価結果に基づいて総合評価を行った。評価結果を表1に示す。   About each product of Example, Comparative Example, Conventional Example and Brazing clad material (Comparative Example 1 is a single material), strength, heat exchange performance, presence / absence of occurrence of corrosion between different metals, contribution to weight reduction, processing Each test of performance and assembly workability was performed and evaluated, and further, comprehensive evaluation was performed based on the results of the individual test evaluation. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 0005126126
Figure 0005126126

製品の強度の試験は、各楕円筒チューブにフィン材(フィン72、従来例1のみSUS304フィン)を一枚挿入し、ろう付け一体化させた試料を用い、この試料に上下面からプレス機で加圧し、フィン材に座屈が発生したときの圧力値を評価した。10MPa以上であれば○、10MPa未満であれば×という評価を与えるものとした。   The product strength test was performed by using a sample in which one fin material (fin 72, SUS304 fin only in Conventional Example 1) was inserted into each elliptical tube and brazed and integrated. Pressure was applied and the pressure value when buckling occurred in the fin material was evaluated. If it was 10 MPa or more, it was evaluated as “Good” if it was less than 10 MPa.

熱交換性能の試験は、図8に示される試験装置81にて行った。試験装置81は、恒温槽82中に温度一定に保たれた恒温水83が蓄えられ、各製品を所定の長さに切り出した試料84にガス供給管85とガス排出管86が接続され、その試料84が恒温水83中に浸漬されたものである。ここでは、試料84の長さを200mmとし、ガス供給管85とガス排出管86の材質はSUS304とし、ガス供給管85とガス排出管86の寸法は図示の通りとし、試料84の浸漬深さは100mmとした。   The heat exchange performance test was performed with a test apparatus 81 shown in FIG. In the test apparatus 81, a constant temperature water 83 kept at a constant temperature is stored in a constant temperature bath 82, and a gas supply pipe 85 and a gas discharge pipe 86 are connected to a sample 84 obtained by cutting each product into a predetermined length. A sample 84 is immersed in constant temperature water 83. Here, the length of the sample 84 is 200 mm, the material of the gas supply pipe 85 and the gas discharge pipe 86 is SUS304, the dimensions of the gas supply pipe 85 and the gas discharge pipe 86 are as illustrated, and the immersion depth of the sample 84 is Was 100 mm.

ガス供給管85から試料84中に所定温度(恒温水より高温)のガスを送り込み、ガス排出管86に出てきたガスの温度を測定するようになっている。ここでは、恒温水を20℃、供給するガスを100℃とし、排出されたガスが50℃以下のとき○、50〜70℃のとき△、70℃以上のとき×という評価を与えるものとした。   A gas having a predetermined temperature (higher than the constant temperature water) is sent from the gas supply pipe 85 into the sample 84, and the temperature of the gas that has come out to the gas discharge pipe 86 is measured. Here, the constant temperature water is 20 ° C., the gas to be supplied is 100 ° C., the evaluation is given as ○ when the discharged gas is 50 ° C. or less, Δ when it is 50 to 70 ° C., and × when it is 70 ° C. or more. .

異種金属間腐食の発生の有無を調べる試験は、各製品の試料を、5%NaCl水溶液に浸漬し乾燥することを繰り返した。ここでは、浸漬12h、乾燥12hを1サイクルとし、100サイクル(2400h)を実施した。実施後、楕円筒チューブ内面(基材側及びフィン材側)に発生した浸食の深さを測定した。最大浸食深さが50μm以上のとき×、50μm未満のとき○という評価を与えるものとした。   In the test for examining the occurrence of corrosion between different metals, a sample of each product was repeatedly immersed in a 5% NaCl aqueous solution and dried. Here, immersion 12h and drying 12h were defined as one cycle, and 100 cycles (2400h) were performed. After the implementation, the depth of erosion generated on the inner surface of the elliptical tube (base material side and fin material side) was measured. When the maximum erosion depth was 50 μm or more, an evaluation of “X” was given, and when it was less than 50 μm, an evaluation of “◯” was given.

軽量化への寄与の試験は、各試料について基材の厚さを同じとし、それぞれの構成材(基材、ろう材、被覆材、フィン材)の比重から単位体積あたりの重量を計算し、各試料の単位体積あたりの重量を比較した。Cu/SUS304を構成材とする従来例1の試料を基準とし、評価対象の試料の重量が基準重量の80〜100%未満であれば△、80%未満であれば○という評価を与えるものとした。   In the test for contribution to weight reduction, the thickness of the base material is the same for each sample, and the weight per unit volume is calculated from the specific gravity of each component (base material, brazing material, coating material, fin material), The weight per unit volume of each sample was compared. Based on the sample of Conventional Example 1 with Cu / SUS304 as a constituent, if the weight of the sample to be evaluated is less than 80 to 100% of the reference weight, the evaluation is Δ, and if it is less than 80%, the evaluation is ○ did.

加工性及び組立作業性については、各試料を用いた場合の量産機による組み立て作業を推定し、設備コスト及びタクトタイムを含むトータル製造コストを算出した。従来例1を基準とし、それに対して1.2倍未満を○、1.2倍以上を×という評価を与えるものとした。   For workability and assembly workability, the assembly work by the mass production machine when each sample was used was estimated, and the total manufacturing cost including equipment cost and tact time was calculated. On the basis of the conventional example 1, the evaluation was given as “◯” for less than 1.2 times and “×” for 1.2 times or more.

総合評価は、個別試験の評価が全て○であれば○、ひとつでも△又は×があれば×とした。   The overall evaluation was ○ if all the individual test evaluations were ○, and × if there was at least one Δ or ×.

表1によれば、銅又は銅合金からなる基材12を構成材の一部とする実施例1〜5は、製品の強度が十分に確保できていた。Alブレージングシートを構成材とする比較例2は、同一厚さの構成材で比較した場合、製品の強度が十分に確保できなかった。   According to Table 1, Examples 1-5 which use the base material 12 which consists of copper or a copper alloy as a part of structural material have fully ensured the intensity | strength of the product. In Comparative Example 2 using an Al brazing sheet as a constituent material, the strength of the product could not be sufficiently secured when compared with constituent materials having the same thickness.

熱交換性能に関しては、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材13がチューブ内表面に配置された実施例1〜5は、いずれも熱交換性能に優れていた。SUS304からなる基材がチューブ外表面に配置された従来例1は、熱交換性能が実施例1〜5に及ばなかった。   Regarding heat exchange performance, all of Examples 1 to 5 in which the brazing filler metal 13 made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy was disposed on the inner surface of the tube were excellent in heat exchange performance. Conventional Example 1 in which the base material made of SUS304 was arranged on the outer surface of the tube did not have the heat exchange performance as compared with Examples 1-5.

異種金属間腐食に関しては、実施例1〜5は、いずれも良好であった。しかし、板材として提供される構成材が銅のみからなり、フィン材がアルミニウムからなる比較例1は、銅アルミニウム間の異種金属間腐食が原因と思われるピット(孔食)がフィン材に認められた。これは、構成材がクラッド材であれば基材の全表面をろう材で覆うことができるが、Al−Si粉末ろうでは全表面を覆うことができず、露出した単一材(銅)とフィン材(アルミニウム)間の異種金属間腐食により腐食が促進されたためであると考えられる。   Regarding the corrosion between different metals, Examples 1 to 5 were all good. However, in Comparative Example 1 in which the component material provided as the plate material is made only of copper and the fin material is made of aluminum, pits (pitting corrosion) that are thought to be caused by corrosion between different metals between copper and aluminum are recognized in the fin material. It was. This is because the entire surface of the base material can be covered with a brazing material if the constituent material is a clad material, but the entire surface cannot be covered with an Al-Si powder brazing material, and the exposed single material (copper) and This is considered to be because corrosion was promoted by corrosion between different metals between the fin materials (aluminum).

軽量化については、ろう材13、被覆材14、フィン材72にアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金が使用されている実施例1〜5は、いずれも軽量化への寄与が優れて大きい。従来例1は、基材に使用したSUS304の比重がアルミニウムよりも重いため、軽量化への寄与が小さい。   Regarding weight reduction, Examples 1 to 5 in which aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used for the brazing material 13, the coating material 14, and the fin material 72 all have a large contribution to weight reduction. Since the specific gravity of SUS304 used for the base material is heavier than aluminum in Conventional Example 1, the contribution to weight reduction is small.

加工性及び作業性については、実施例1〜5のろう付け用クラッド材は、あらかじめ基材12とろう材13がクラッドされて強固に結合されているため、基材12とろう材13が一体のまま、チューブやその他の形状に変形加工することが可能であり、複雑な形状であっても変形加工できる。実施例1〜5のろう付け用クラッド材は、変形加工後のろう付け組み立てにおける作業性が良い。しかし、比較例1の単一材は、ろう付け組み立ての際に、別途にろう材を準備しなければならないので、作業性が悪い。   Regarding the workability and workability, in the brazing clad materials of Examples 1 to 5, the base material 12 and the brazing material 13 are clad and firmly bonded in advance, so that the base material 12 and the brazing material 13 are integrated. It can be deformed into a tube or other shape as it is, and even a complicated shape can be deformed. The brazing clad materials of Examples 1 to 5 have good workability in brazing assembly after deformation processing. However, the single material of Comparative Example 1 has poor workability because a brazing material must be prepared separately during brazing and assembly.

以上の個別試験の評価から総合的に判断すると、実施例1〜5の製品及びろう付け用クラッド材は、従来のものより軽量で、耐食性にも、熱伝導性にも、強度にも優れていることが明らかである。   Judging comprehensively from the evaluation of the individual tests described above, the products of Examples 1 to 5 and the brazing clad material are lighter than the conventional ones, and are excellent in corrosion resistance, thermal conductivity, and strength. It is clear that

11,21,31,41,51,61 ろう付け用クラッド材
12 基材
13 ろう材
14 被覆材
71 製品(熱交換チューブ)
72 フィン
11, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61 Brazing clad material 12 Base material 13 Brazing material 14 Coating material 71 Product (heat exchange tube)
72 fins

Claims (4)

銅又は銅合金からなる基材の片面又は両面に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなるろう材がクラッドされたことを特徴とするろう付け用クラッド材。   A clad material for brazing, wherein a brazing material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is clad on one side or both sides of a base material made of copper or a copper alloy. 上記基材と上記ろう材との間に、上記ろう材よりも融点が高いアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる被覆材がクラッドされたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のろう付け用クラッド材。   The brazing clad material according to claim 1, wherein a coating material made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a melting point higher than that of the brazing material is clad between the base material and the brazing material. 上記被覆材がアルミニウムを主成分とする合金からなることを特徴とする請求項2記載のろう付け用クラッド材。   3. The brazing clad material according to claim 2, wherein the coating material is made of an alloy mainly composed of aluminum. 請求項1〜3に記載のろう付け用クラッド材がそれ自体で又は他の構造材とろう付け組み立てされたことを特徴とする製品。   A product characterized in that the brazing clad material according to claim 1 is brazed and assembled by itself or with another structural material.
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