JP5105500B2 - Ammonia recovery from livestock urine - Google Patents

Ammonia recovery from livestock urine Download PDF

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JP5105500B2
JP5105500B2 JP2005261462A JP2005261462A JP5105500B2 JP 5105500 B2 JP5105500 B2 JP 5105500B2 JP 2005261462 A JP2005261462 A JP 2005261462A JP 2005261462 A JP2005261462 A JP 2005261462A JP 5105500 B2 JP5105500 B2 JP 5105500B2
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ammonia
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livestock urine
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urine
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隆夫 増田
輝興 多湖
哲也 柳瀬
淳一 廣田
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Hokkaido University NUC
Metawater Co Ltd
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Metawater Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、家畜尿から不純物の少ないアンモニアを回収することができる家畜尿からのアンモニア回収方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for recovering ammonia from livestock urine, which can recover ammonia with less impurities from livestock urine.

畜舎から排出される家畜尿には高濃度の有機物、アンモニア及び尿素が含有されている。一方、アンモニアなどの窒素成分は、湖沼・海域等の閉鎖性水域に流入すると富栄養化を引き起こす事から、濃度規制及び総量規制(濃度×排水量)が既に実施されている。
窒素分を処理する方法としては、従来から硝化・脱窒処理と呼ばれる生物処理が利用されている。これは、排水中のアンモニアを好気条件下で硝酸へと酸化し(硝化反応)、嫌気条件下で硝酸を窒素へと還元する(脱窒反応)方法である。しかし、硝化処理は、排水中の有機物濃度が高いと進行しにくい為、家畜糞尿やメタン発酵消化液等の窒素分だけでなく高濃度の有機物も同時に含む廃液にそのまま適用すると、窒素を処理する前に、有機物の処理も必要となり多大なエネルギーとコストが必要となる。
Livestock urine discharged from the barn contains high concentrations of organic substances, ammonia and urea. On the other hand, nitrogen components such as ammonia cause eutrophication when they flow into closed water areas such as lakes and marine areas, so concentration regulations and total volume regulations (concentration x wastewater volume) have already been implemented.
Conventionally, a biological treatment called nitrification / denitrification treatment has been used as a method for treating nitrogen. This is a method in which ammonia in waste water is oxidized to nitric acid under aerobic conditions (nitrification reaction) and nitric acid is reduced to nitrogen under anaerobic conditions (denitrification reaction). However, since nitrification is difficult to proceed when the concentration of organic matter in the wastewater is high, it will treat nitrogen when applied directly to waste liquids that contain not only nitrogen but also high concentrations of organic matter such as livestock manure and methane fermentation digestive juice. Before, it is necessary to treat organic matter, which requires a great deal of energy and cost.

また、特許文献1には、家畜糞尿などの処理方法として先ず強酸性物質を添加して酸性としたうえ、強アルカリ性物質を添加してアルカリ性とし、含有される有機分及び無機分を沈殿分離させ、肥料などとして利用する方法が開示されている。しかし強酸や強アルカリを使用するうえ、大規模な設備を必要とするので、設備コストが高くなるという問題がある。   In addition, in Patent Document 1, as a method for treating livestock excreta and the like, first, a strong acidic substance is added to make it acidic, then a strong alkaline substance is added to make it alkaline, and the contained organic and inorganic contents are precipitated and separated. The method of using as fertilizer etc. is disclosed. However, in addition to using a strong acid or a strong alkali, a large-scale facility is required, so that there is a problem that the facility cost increases.

このほか特許文献2には、家畜糞尿などを発酵槽内で強力に撹拌曝気し、高温発酵を促進させる処理方法が開示されている。しかしこの方法はやはり大規模な設備を必要とするので、設備コストが高くなるという問題がある。なお何れの特許文献にも、家畜糞尿から有用物質であるアンモニアを回収することについては記載されていない。
特開2003−251400号公報 特開平2−207896号公報
In addition to this, Patent Document 2 discloses a treatment method in which livestock manure and the like are strongly agitated and aerated in a fermenter to promote high-temperature fermentation. However, since this method still requires a large-scale facility, there is a problem that the facility cost becomes high. None of the patent documents describes the recovery of ammonia, which is a useful substance from livestock manure.
JP 2003-251400 A JP-A-2-207896

本発明は上記した従来の問題点を解決して、家畜尿を強酸や強アルカリを使用せず、有用物質であるアンモニアを不純物の少ない状態で回収することができる家畜尿からのアンモニア回収方法を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and provides a method for recovering ammonia from livestock urine, which can recover livestock urine without using a strong acid or strong alkali and ammonia, which is a useful substance, with less impurities. It is intended to provide.

上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、家畜尿を水熱処理したうえ、加熱MAPと接触させてアンモニアを吸収させ、アンモニアを吸収させたMAPを固液分離し、分離されたMAPを洗浄して付着しているC分とS分を除去し、その後に加熱してアンモニアを回収することを特徴とするものである。ここでMAPとは、MgNH4PO4・6H2O(リン酸マグネシウムアンモニウム)を意味する。水熱処理を260〜300℃の温度で、15〜60分間行うことが好ましく、加熱によりアンモニアを回収したMAPを循環使用することが好ましい。 The present invention, which has been made to solve the above problem, hydrothermally treats livestock urine, absorbs ammonia by bringing it into contact with heated MAP, solid-liquid separates the MAP that has absorbed ammonia, It is characterized by removing the C and S components adhering by washing and then recovering ammonia by heating. Here, MAP means MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O (magnesium ammonium phosphate). Hydrothermal treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 260 to 300 ° C. for 15 to 60 minutes, and it is preferable to circulate and use MAP from which ammonia has been recovered by heating.

本発明によれば、強酸や強アルカリを使用することなく、家畜尿から不純物の少ないアンモニアを回収することができ、河川の富栄養化を防止することができる。またMAPは加熱すればアンモニアを放出してMHP(リン酸マグネシウム:Mg4PO4・3H2O)となるので、何度も繰り返して使用することができ、経済性にも優れる。しかも本発明では、C分とS分を除去した状態でMAPを加熱するので、有害なCOやSOガスなどが加熱時に発生してアンモニアガス中に混入することを防止することができる。 According to the present invention, ammonia with less impurities can be recovered from livestock urine without using strong acid or strong alkali, and eutrophication of rivers can be prevented. Further, when MAP is heated, it releases ammonia and becomes MHP (magnesium phosphate: Mg 4 PO 4 .3H 2 O), so that it can be used over and over again and is excellent in economic efficiency. Moreover, in the present invention, since the MAP is heated in a state where the C and S components are removed, it is possible to prevent harmful CO, SO 2 gas, etc. from being generated during heating and being mixed into the ammonia gas.

以下に本発明の好ましい実施形態を示す。
図1は本発明のフローを示すもので、先ず畜舎などから回収された家畜尿を水熱処理する。水熱処理は家畜尿中の尿素をアンモニアに変換するために行われる操作であり、260〜300℃の温度で15分以上行うことが好ましい。しかし後述するように、この水熱処理は不純物を除去するうえでも大きな効果がある。温度が260℃未満であると効果が不十分であり、300℃を越えても効果の向上は少ない。水熱処理は少なくとも15分間行うが長時間行っても効果の向上は少なく、3時間以上行う意味はない。
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown below.
FIG. 1 shows a flow of the present invention. First, livestock urine collected from a barn or the like is hydrothermally treated. Hydrothermal treatment is an operation performed to convert urea in livestock urine into ammonia, and is preferably performed at a temperature of 260 to 300 ° C. for 15 minutes or more. However, as will be described later, this hydrothermal treatment has a great effect in removing impurities. If the temperature is less than 260 ° C., the effect is insufficient, and even if the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., the improvement in the effect is small. Hydrothermal treatment is carried out for at least 15 minutes, but even if it is carried out for a long time, the effect is small and there is no point in carrying out for 3 hours or more.

水熱処理された家畜尿は、加熱MAPと接触させる。前記したようにMAPはMgNH4PO4・6H2O(リン酸マグネシウムアンモニウム)を意味するが、加熱によりアンモニア吸収能を持つMHP(リン酸マグネシウム:Mg4PO4・3H2O)となる。このMHPは粒状体であり、常温において家畜尿中のアンモニアを分子構造中に取り込み、MAPとなる。このアンモニアの吸収は、図2のグラフに示すようにアンモニア濃度に関係なく、理論値とほぼ同量が吸収される。 The hydrothermally treated livestock urine is brought into contact with heated MAP. As described above, MAP means MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 O (magnesium ammonium phosphate), but becomes MHP (magnesium phosphate: Mg 4 PO 4 .3H 2 O) having an ammonia absorption capacity by heating. This MHP is a granular material, and takes up ammonia in livestock urine into the molecular structure at room temperature and becomes MAP. As shown in the graph of FIG. 2, the ammonia absorption is almost the same as the theoretical value regardless of the ammonia concentration.

図3のグラフに示すように、pHが弱アルカリのときアンモニア吸着量が最大となるので、アンモニアを吸着させる際にはpHを8.5〜12程度にコントロールしておくことが望ましい。   As shown in the graph of FIG. 3, the ammonia adsorption amount is maximized when the pH is weakly alkaline. Therefore, it is desirable to control the pH to about 8.5 to 12 when adsorbing ammonia.

アンモニアを吸収したMAPは固液分離され回収される。固液分離は重力沈降法やろ過法など、任意の手段により行えばよい。アンモニアが除去され窒素負荷が軽減された排液は、通常の活性汚泥処理でBODを除去したうえ、河川等に放流される。   The MAP that has absorbed ammonia is separated and recovered. Solid-liquid separation may be performed by any means such as gravity sedimentation or filtration. The drained liquid from which ammonia has been removed and the nitrogen load has been reduced is discharged into rivers and the like after removing BOD by normal activated sludge treatment.

一方、アンモニアを吸収したMAPは50〜120℃程度に加熱して吸着したアンモニアを放出させるが、そのまま加熱するとMAPの表面に付着しているC分やS分が有害なCOガスやSOガスとなってアンモニア中に混入する。この問題を解決するために本発明では回収されたMAPを水で洗浄するのであるが、図4のグラフに示すように予め水熱処理を行わない場合には、洗浄を行ってもCOの発生を十分に防止できない。 On the other hand, MAP that has absorbed ammonia is heated to about 50 to 120 ° C. to release adsorbed ammonia, but if heated as it is, CO and SO 2 gases that are harmful to C and S attached to the surface of MAP And mixed in ammonia. In order to solve this problem, in the present invention, the recovered MAP is washed with water. However, as shown in the graph of FIG. It cannot be prevented sufficiently.

これに対して水熱処理を行った場合には、1回の洗浄を行うだけでCOの発生を十分に抑制することができる。しかし水熱処理を行っても、洗浄を行わない場合には洗浄回数0として示すように、少量のCOが発生する。このように、水熱処理とMAP洗浄との組み合せによってCOガスやSOガスの生成を効果的に抑制し、不純物の少ないアンモニアを回収することが初めて可能となる。このアンモニアは例えば水素転換触媒により水素に転換し、燃料電池などに利用することができるが、燃料電池の触媒活性を阻害するCOガスやSOガスの発生は本方法により抑制することができる。 On the other hand, when hydrothermal treatment is performed, the generation of CO can be sufficiently suppressed by performing only one cleaning. However, even if the hydrothermal treatment is performed, if the cleaning is not performed, a small amount of CO is generated as indicated by the number of cleanings 0. Thus, the combination of hydrothermal treatment and MAP cleaning makes it possible for the first time to effectively suppress the generation of CO gas and SO 2 gas and recover ammonia with less impurities. This ammonia is converted into hydrogen by, for example, a hydrogen conversion catalyst and can be used for a fuel cell or the like, but the generation of CO gas or SO 2 gas that inhibits the catalytic activity of the fuel cell can be suppressed by this method.

加熱によりアンモニアを放出したMAPはMHPに戻るので、これを循環させて再びアンモニア吸収に用いることができる。
次に本発明の実施例を示す。
Since MAP that has released ammonia by heating returns to MHP, it can be circulated and used again for ammonia absorption.
Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

厩舎から回収された家畜尿1L(アンモニアと尿素を合わせた窒素分を7800ppm含有)を反応容器に入れ、300℃で1時間の水熱処理を行った。次にpHを9.8に調整し、加熱MAP(MHP)9.8グラムを投入して常温で撹拌し、アンモニアを吸着させた。MAPを取り出した液中のアンモニアと尿素を合わせた窒素分は3500ppmまで減少した。取り出したMAPを2回にわたり水で洗浄して付着している不純物を取り除いたうえ、105℃に加熱してアンモニアを回収した。回収されたアンモニアガス中にCOは検出されなかった。   1 L of livestock urine recovered from the stable (containing 7800 ppm of nitrogen combined with ammonia and urea) was placed in a reaction vessel and hydrothermally treated at 300 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, the pH was adjusted to 9.8, and 9.8 grams of heated MAP (MHP) was added and stirred at room temperature to adsorb ammonia. The nitrogen content of ammonia and urea in the liquid from which MAP was removed was reduced to 3500 ppm. The extracted MAP was washed twice with water to remove adhering impurities, and heated to 105 ° C. to recover ammonia. CO was not detected in the recovered ammonia gas.

次に反応容器に投入する加熱MAPをおよそ10倍の101グラムに増加し、同様の処理を行った。図5は窒素収率を示すグラフであり、何れの場合にも水熱処理された家畜尿中の窒素(アンモニア)が加熱MAPにより効率よく吸収されたことが確認できた。   Next, the heating MAP thrown into the reaction vessel was increased approximately 10 times to 101 grams, and the same treatment was performed. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the nitrogen yield. In any case, it was confirmed that nitrogen (ammonia) in the urine of livestock heat treated was efficiently absorbed by the heated MAP.

これに対して、その他の条件を一定としたまま水熱処理を省略した場合には、回収されたアンモニアガス中のCO濃度が9500ppmに達し、水素転換触媒によるアンモニアから水素への転換には不適当であった。   On the other hand, when hydrothermal treatment is omitted with other conditions kept constant, the CO concentration in the recovered ammonia gas reaches 9500 ppm, which is inappropriate for the conversion of ammonia to hydrogen by the hydrogen conversion catalyst. Met.

本発明の実施形態を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of this invention. アンモニア濃度とアンモニア吸着量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between ammonia concentration and ammonia adsorption amount. pHとアンモニア吸着量との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between pH and ammonia adsorption amount. 洗浄回数とアンモニアガス中のC濃度との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the frequency | count of washing | cleaning, and C density | concentration in ammonia gas. 加熱MAPの量と窒素収率との関係を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the relationship between the quantity of heating MAP, and a nitrogen yield.

Claims (3)

家畜尿を水熱処理したうえ、加熱MAPと接触させてアンモニアを吸収させ、アンモニアを吸収させたMAPを固液分離し、分離されたMAPを洗浄して付着しているC分とS分を除去し、その後に加熱してアンモニアを回収することを特徴とする家畜尿からのアンモニア回収方法。   After hydrothermally treating livestock urine, it is brought into contact with heated MAP to absorb ammonia, MAP that has absorbed ammonia is solid-liquid separated, and the separated MAP is washed to remove adhering C and S components. And then recovering ammonia from the livestock urine by heating and recovering ammonia. 水熱処理を260〜300℃の温度で、15分以上行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の家畜尿からのアンモニア回収方法。   The method for recovering ammonia from livestock urine according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of 260 to 300 ° C for 15 minutes or more. 加熱によりアンモニアが回収されたMAPを循環使用することを特徴とする請求項1記載の家畜尿からのアンモニア回収方法。   The method for recovering ammonia from livestock urine according to claim 1, wherein MAP from which ammonia has been recovered by heating is circulated and used.
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