JP4025244B2 - Method and apparatus for continuously collecting valuables from urine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuously collecting valuables from urine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4025244B2
JP4025244B2 JP2003161617A JP2003161617A JP4025244B2 JP 4025244 B2 JP4025244 B2 JP 4025244B2 JP 2003161617 A JP2003161617 A JP 2003161617A JP 2003161617 A JP2003161617 A JP 2003161617A JP 4025244 B2 JP4025244 B2 JP 4025244B2
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urine
reaction
recovering
ammonia
collected
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JP2004358402A (en
Inventor
三郎 松井
俊樹 長坂
洋 津野
芳久 清水
知成 松田
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Japan Science and Technology Agency
Maezawa Industries Inc
National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
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Japan Science and Technology Agency
Maezawa Industries Inc
National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、尿中の有価物を連続的に効率良く回収できる方法および装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
日本では古来より屎尿は農業肥料に利用されていたが、この場合は屎尿を分離することなく、屎尿混合物の状態で農地に適用していた。しかし、現在では作物生育のための肥料として屎尿を用いられることはなく、化学肥料に置換されており、屎尿は下水処理施設において分解処理されている。下水処理により得られた汚泥は脱水された後、一部は埋め立て処分され、残りは焼却されている。
【0003】
前記屎尿から得られた汚泥は有機物、りんおよびアンモニアなどの有価物を含むが、それらは有効利用されないまま、前述のように埋め立て材料として利用され又は焼却処分されているのが現状である。
【0004】
一方、下水中のりん及び窒素等の有効成分を回収する研究開発が盛んに行われているが、その中でりんをりん酸マグネシウムアンモニウム(MAP)として回収する技術がある。下記論文には、汚水のpHを9.0以上にすることでMAPの沈殿物の生成が速いことなどが開示されている。
【0005】
【非特許文献1】
「下水道協会誌論文集」第28巻、第324号、(2002年)、津野洋、宗宮功、吉野正章、「消化槽脱離液からのストラバイトの回収に関する研究」、68頁〜77頁
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
屎尿を分離せずに回収し、これを肥料として利用すると、屎中に存在する病原性微生物による農作物の汚染が問題となり、また容積を減少させずに屎尿を輸送する必要もあり、労力やコストが多大となっていた。そのため、屎尿を分離して資源として回収するエコロジカルサニテーションに関する研究が進められている。
【0007】
尿中には窒素、りん、カリウムといった肥料成分が含まれているのに加え、屎に含まれている病原性の微生物が存在しないため、尿は資源として利用しやすい。
【0008】
尿中に含まれる有価物を回収しないでいると、資源の有効利用が図れず、さらには、尿が下水処理場へ流入していることにより高負荷となっている問題や閉鎖性水域の富栄養化問題が存在している。
【0009】
前述の論文にあるりんをりん酸マグネシウムアンモニウム(MAP)として回収する技術などを利用することにより尿中のりんの回収ができれば、尿の資源の有効利用になる。
【0010】
そこで、本発明の課題は、尿中に含まれる有価物を効果的に回収する方法と装置を確立することである。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の上記課題は、次の解決手段によって達成される。
請求項1記載の発明は、屎尿から分離した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿を放置して尿中のpHが9.0以上になると、マグネシウム含有化合物を尿に添加して尿中のりん成分をマグネシウム化合物として回収し、該りん成分を回収した後の尿を空気のバブリングによりアンモニア成分をアンモニアガスとして回収する尿から有価物を連続的に回収する方法である。
【0012】
請求項2記載の発明は、屎尿から分離して回収した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿に尿素分解酵素を添加して尿中のpHが9.0以上になると、マグネシウム含有化合物を尿に添加して尿中のりん成分をマグネシウム化合物として回収し、該りん成分を回収した後の尿を空気のバブリングによりアンモニア成分をアンモニアガスとして回収する尿から有価物を連続的に回収する方法である。
【0014】
請求項記載の発明は、屎尿を分離して尿を回収する屎尿分離トイレ又は男子小便器と、屎尿分離トイレから分離した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿を一時的に貯留する尿貯留槽と、尿貯留槽からの尿とマグネシウムイオン含有溶液を供給して固体のマグネシウム化合物を生成させる反応槽とを備えた尿中の有価物を回収する装置である。
【0015】
請求項記載の発明は、反応槽から分離された尿を空気によるバブリング処理によりアンモニアガスを回収するアンモニア回収槽を備えた請求項記載の尿中の有価物を回収する装置である。
【0016】
請求項記載の発明は、反応槽は中央部に攪拌機を備えた反応部と、反応部の外周部に設けた沈降部と、反応部の底部と沈降部の底部に、反応部と沈降部を連通させ、かつ固体反応生成物を溜めて外部に取り出し可能にした漏斗状取出部を備えた請求項記載の尿中の有価物を回収する装置である。
【0017】
【作用】
本発明によれば、屎尿分離トイレを利用して屎と尿を分離して回収すること又は男子小便器から尿を回収することにより病原性微生物による汚染問題を回避し、有価物の大部分を含む尿から、りんに関しては遅効性肥料であるMAP(りん酸マグネシウムアンモニウム)の沈殿として、また窒素に関してはアンモニア性窒素として効率良く連続的に分離回収することができる。
【0018】
屎尿分離トイレにより分離された尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿は、貯留することにより尿素の分解とともに発生したアンモニアにより、pHが9.2付近まで上昇する。このとき尿素分解酵素を尿中に添加すると比較的速やかにアンモニアが発生してpHが9.2付近に達する。
【0019】
一方、屎尿を分離しないままに、これらを貯留するとpHが9.2以上に上がり、尿素の分解で生成したアンモニアが散逸してしまう。このように屎尿から尿を分離して、尿だけを貯留しておくとpHが約9付近から上がらず、アンモニアが尿中から散逸しないことを本発明者らは見いだした。
【0020】
尿中のりんは、pH約9のアルカリ条件下では、アルカリを添加することなく、マグネシウム塩を加えることで、遅効性肥料MAPとして回収することが可能である。また、りん回収後の尿中に残存するアンモニア性窒素は曝気することで容易にほぼ全量が回収できる。
【0021】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態について図面と共に説明する。
図1には本実施例の尿から有価物を回収する装置の全体図を示す。屎尿を分離する構成を備えた屎尿分離トイレ(便器)1を用いて尿と洗浄水の混合液を受槽2に一旦入れ、該受槽2から貯留槽3に移す。受槽2は特に常設する必要はなく、トイレ1が貯留槽3の設置高さより十分高い位置にあると受槽2は不要である。
【0022】
受槽2内に貯める尿と洗浄水の混合液の貯留期間は短くてよいが、貯留槽3内に貯めた尿と洗浄水の混合液は数日から数ケ月間、そのまま放置しておく。貯留槽3内で貯留している間に貯留槽3内の尿と洗浄水の混合液は、尿素の分解とともに発生したアンモニアにより、pHが9.2付近まで上昇する。
【0023】
pHが9.2付近まで上昇した貯留槽3内の尿と洗浄水の混合物を反応槽5に供給し、該反応槽5には同時に塩化マグネシウム水溶液を加える。また必要ならアルカリ剤を補充しても良い。反応槽5内の尿と洗浄水の混合液と塩化マグネシウム水溶液と場合により添加されるアルカリ剤を反応させてMAPを生成させる。得られた固体のMAPは液状物から分離して反応槽5の底部から取り出される。またMAPと分離した液状物は処理尿槽(アンモニア回収槽)6に取り出し、りん回収後の尿中に残存するアンモニア性窒素を曝気することで容易にほぼ全量が回収できる。その後の被処理水は、下水処理設備に移送して、従来通りの下水処理を行う。なお、アンモニアストリッピングを行うことにより、従来のMAP処理において問題となっていた処理液によるMAPなどのスケールの発生防止効果もある。
【0024】
上記、尿中の有価物を回収する装置の運転条件を設定するために以下のような実験を行った。
まず、屎尿から分離された尿の貯留過程における尿について、尿素の分解およびアンモニアの気散の2点について検討を行った。
【0025】
組成の違う5種類の試料(表1)について検討した。表1中の5種類の試料は、生尿と水道水の混合液(試料1)、生尿と水道水と受槽2中の尿の混合液(試料2、3)、生尿と水道水と貯留槽3中の尿の混合液(試料4、5)である。
【0026】
【表1】

Figure 0004025244
試料1〜5の全てのpHの変化は図2に示す通り、試料採取から遅くとも7日目で9.3付近で安定し、また電気伝導度の変化から図3に示す通り尿素は遅くとも14日でほぼ全量が分解することが分かった。
【0027】
また、試料4、5について貯留槽3からのアンモニアの気散量の測定結果の平均値を図4に示す。貯留槽3内のアンモニア性窒素濃度は約2,000mgN/Lであることから、アンモニアの気散量は非常に微量であり、尿素の分解によって発生したアンモニアもそのほとんどが尿中に残存していることが確認された。
【0028】
このことは本実施例の装置によるとアルカリ剤を添加しなくてもMAPの生成反応を高いpHの条件下で行うことができるので好都合であり、本実施例の尿からりんを回収する方法が経済性を含めて非常に実用的な方法であることが判明した。
【0029】
本実施例の各装置について次に説明する。
まず屎尿分離トイレ(便器)について説明する。屎尿分離トイレ1は図5の平面図に示すように、上部に便座(図示せず)を備え、便座の下部に漏斗状の屎尿受け部11を設けた構成からなり、漏斗状の屎尿受け部11の底部は尿受け部12と屎受け部13とに割られており、尿受け部12には底面に小孔15が複数個設けられており、ここに供給されて尿は、複数の小孔15から速やかにトイレ1から受槽2に排出される。屎受け部13の底面には比較的大きな穴16が設けられており、屎はこの大きな穴16から外部に排出される。
【0030】
図5に示すトイレ1は、予め尿が屎と混じらないようにトイレ側に工夫が成されているので、従来のように屎尿をまとめた混合物として回収するのではなく、はじめから小便器として用い得る構成からなるトイレを用いることが望ましい。また、男性専用の小便器を用いるなどのことで容易に尿を分離することができる。
【0031】
尿の貯留槽内では尿素が分解してアンモニアが発生しpHが9.2付近まで上昇する。このとき尿素分解酵素を尿中に添加すると比較的速やかにpHが9.2付近に達する。
【0032】
次に、図1の装置を用いるMAPとしてりんを連続的に回収するための反応槽5の概略を図6に示す。
反応槽5は上部に開口部があり底部に排出部のある漏斗状の装置である。貯留槽3からの尿を別途用意した塩化マグネシウム水溶液と共に反応槽5の上部の開口部から流入させる。反応槽5内の溶液中は中央付近の反応部5aとその外側の沈降部5bに仕切部材7により分離されており、反応部5aは更に鉛直方向に長手方向が向き、上下端部が開口している円筒8により二つの領域に区分けされている。この円筒8内で鉛直方向に回転軸9aを設けた攪拌機9のスクリュウが回転することによって、円筒8の内部では溶液の下降流が生じ、また円筒8の外部では溶液の上昇流が生じて溶液が循環しながら攪拌される。
【0033】
上記図6に示す反応槽5を用いるりんの回収量とpHの関係を示す実験結果を図7に示す。図7に示すようにアルカリ剤を反応槽5内に添加しなくても、pH9付近まで上昇した貯留槽5内の尿含有液をそのまま用いることで、高いりん回収率を得られることが確認できた。
【0034】
また、図6に示す反応槽5を用いる場合に攪拌機9による溶液の攪拌速度を100rpm、反応部5aでの溶液の滞留時間を30分とすることで十分にりん回収が行えることが分かった。その際の尿中りんの回収率は97%以上であった。
【0035】
また、りん回収後に反応槽5から流出した尿含有溶液中に残存するアンモニア性窒素の回収実験を行った。結果を図8に示す。
図8は、窒素回収中の溶液のpHをほぼ一定とし、尿中のアンモニア性窒素の総発生量と捕集量及び尿含有溶液中に残存するアンモニア性窒素の経過時間に対する推移を示したものである。
【0036】
図8のグラフに示すように尿中のアンモニア性窒素は曝気することでアンモニアガスとしてほぼ全量を回収でき、曝気量を増やすことでアンモニアの発生速度を容易に高めることができることが分かった。
【0037】
なお、りん酸イオン態りんの測定は、モリブデン青吸光光度法(「下水道試験法」、社団法人日本下水道協会発行、1997年度版、192頁)により、全りんの測定は、ペルオキシ二硫酸カリウムによる分解法(「下水道試験法」、社団法人日本下水道協会発行、1997年度版、199頁)により測定した。
【0038】
また、アンモニア性窒素の測定はインドフェノール青吸光光度法(「下水道試験法」、社団法人日本下水道協会発行、1997年度版、162頁)により、アンモニアの総発生量の測定は紫外線吸光光度法(「下水道試験法」、社団法人日本下水道協会発行、1997年度版、187頁)によった。
【0039】
こうして、本発明によれば、尿中のりんはこのアルカリ条件下でアルカリを添加することなく、マグネシウム塩を加えることで、遅効性肥料MAP(りん酸マグネシウムアンモニウム)として回収することが可能である。また、りん回収後の尿中に残存するアンモニア性窒素は処理尿槽6内において、常法に従い空気を曝気しながらアンモニアガスとして容易にほぼ全量が回収できる。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
尿中には窒素、りん、カリウムといった有価物が含まれているのに加え、屎に含まれているような病原性の微生物は存在しない。そのため、尿は資源として利用しやすい。今後、このような有価物の枯渇が想定される状況を鑑みると、本発明は、従来は廃棄物とされていたものから有価物を回収するといった観点から非常に有用な成果であると言える。また、下水処理場にかける負担も軽減され、閉鎖性水域の窒素やりん等の無機栄養塩類に起因する富栄養化を防止することも可能であると言える。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本実施例の尿から有価物を回収する装置の全体図である。
【図2】試料1〜5の全てのpHの変化を示す図である。
【図3】試料1〜5の全ての電気伝導度の変化を示す図である。
【図4】試料4、5の貯留槽からのアンモニアの気散量の測定結果の平均値を示す図である。
【図5】屎尿分離トイレの平面図である。
【図6】図1のMAPによるりん回収を連続的に実施するための反応槽の概略を示す図である。
【図7】反応槽を用いるりんの回収量とpHの関係を示す実験結果を示す図である。
【図8】りん回収後に反応槽から流出した尿含有溶液中に残存するアンモニア性窒素の回収実験の結果を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 屎尿分離トイレ(便器) 2 受槽
3 貯留槽 5 反応槽
5a 反応部 5b 沈降部
6 処理尿槽 7 仕切部材
8 円筒 9 攪拌機
9a 回転軸 11 屎尿受け部
12 尿受け部 13 屎受け部
15 小孔 16 大きな穴[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus capable of continuously and efficiently recovering valuable materials in urine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In Japan, manure has been used for agricultural fertilizer since ancient times. In this case, manure was applied to farmland in the form of manure mixture without separation. At present, however, manure is not used as a fertilizer for growing crops, but is replaced by chemical fertilizer, and manure is decomposed in sewage treatment facilities. Sludge obtained by sewage treatment is dehydrated, and then part of it is disposed of in landfills and the rest is incinerated.
[0003]
The sludge obtained from the manure contains valuable substances such as organic matter, phosphorus, and ammonia, but these are currently used as landfill materials or incinerated without being effectively used.
[0004]
On the other hand, research and development for recovering active components such as phosphorus and nitrogen in sewage are actively carried out. Among them, there is a technique for recovering phosphorus as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). The following paper discloses that the generation of MAP precipitates is rapid by setting the pH of sewage to 9.0 or higher.
[0005]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
"Sewage Association Journal Proceedings" Vol. 28, No. 324 (2002), Hiroshi Tsuno, Isao Munemiya, Masaaki Yoshino, "Research on the recovery of struvite from digester effluent", pp. 68-77 [0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Collecting manure without separating it and using it as a fertilizer causes problems with the contamination of crops by pathogenic microorganisms present in the manure, and it is also necessary to transport manure without reducing the volume. Was a great deal. For this reason, research on ecological sanitation that separates manure and collects it as a resource is underway.
[0007]
In addition to fertilizer components such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, urine is easy to use as a resource because there are no pathogenic microorganisms contained in sputum.
[0008]
If valuable materials contained in urine are not collected, resources cannot be used effectively, and urine flows into the sewage treatment plant. Nutrition issues exist.
[0009]
If the phosphorus in the urine can be recovered by using the technique for recovering phosphorus as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) in the above-mentioned paper, the urine resource can be effectively used.
[0010]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to establish a method and apparatus for effectively recovering valuable materials contained in urine.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above-described problems of the present invention are achieved by the following solution means.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the urine separated from the urine or the urine collected from the male urinal is allowed to stand and the pH in the urine becomes 9.0 or more, the magnesium-containing compound is added to the urine to add phosphorus in the urine. The component is recovered as a magnesium compound, and the urine after the phosphorus component is recovered is a method of continuously recovering valuable materials from urine by bubbling air to recover the ammonia component as ammonia gas .
[0012]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, when a ureolytic enzyme is added to urine separated and collected from manure or urine collected from a male urinal and the pH in the urine becomes 9.0 or more, the magnesium-containing compound is added to the urine. It is a method of continuously recovering valuables from urine by adding and recovering phosphorus component in urine as magnesium compound, and recovering the phosphorus component by recovering ammonia component as ammonia gas by bubbling air .
[0014]
The invention according to claim 3 is a urine separation toilet or male urinal for separating urine and collecting urine, and a urine storage tank for temporarily storing urine separated from the urine separation toilet or urine collected from the male urinal And a urine from a urine storage tank and a reaction tank for supplying a magnesium ion-containing solution to produce a solid magnesium compound, and recovering valuable materials in urine.
[0015]
The invention according to claim 4 is an apparatus for recovering valuable materials in urine according to claim 3, further comprising an ammonia recovery tank for recovering ammonia gas from the urine separated from the reaction tank by bubbling with air.
[0016]
In the invention according to claim 5 , the reaction tank is equipped with a reaction part provided with a stirrer in the central part, a sedimentation part provided on the outer periphery of the reaction part, a reaction part and a sedimentation part at the bottom of the reaction part and the bottom of the sedimentation part. 4. A device for recovering valuable materials in urine according to claim 3, further comprising a funnel-shaped extraction portion that allows the solid reaction product to be collected and taken out to the outside.
[0017]
[Action]
According to the present invention, by separating and collecting urine and urine using a manure separation toilet, or by collecting urine from a male urinal, the problem of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms is avoided, and the majority of valuable materials are collected. From the urine contained, it can be efficiently and continuously separated and recovered as a precipitate of MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) which is a slow-acting fertilizer for phosphorus and as ammoniacal nitrogen for nitrogen.
[0018]
The urine separated by the urine separation toilet or the urine collected from the boy's urinal is raised to a pH close to 9.2 due to ammonia generated along with the decomposition of urea by storing. At this time, when urea-degrading enzyme is added to urine, ammonia is generated relatively quickly and the pH reaches around 9.2.
[0019]
On the other hand, if these are stored without separating the urine, the pH rises to 9.2 or more, and ammonia generated by the decomposition of urea will be dissipated. In this way, the present inventors have found that when urine is separated from manure and only urine is stored, the pH does not rise from around 9 and ammonia does not escape from the urine.
[0020]
Phosphorus in urine can be recovered as a slow-acting fertilizer MAP by adding a magnesium salt without adding an alkali under alkaline conditions at a pH of about 9. In addition, ammonia nitrogen remaining in the urine after phosphorus recovery can be easily recovered almost entirely by aeration.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an overall view of an apparatus for recovering valuable materials from urine according to this embodiment. A mixed liquid of urine and washing water is once put into the receiving tank 2 using a toilet / separation toilet (toilet) 1 having a configuration for separating manure and transferred from the receiving tank 2 to the storage tank 3. The receiving tank 2 does not need to be permanently installed, and the receiving tank 2 is unnecessary if the toilet 1 is at a position sufficiently higher than the installation height of the storage tank 3.
[0022]
Although the storage period of the mixed liquid of urine and washing water stored in the receiving tank 2 may be short, the mixed liquid of urine and cleaning water stored in the storage tank 3 is left as it is for several days to several months. While being stored in the storage tank 3, the pH of the mixed liquid of urine and washing water in the storage tank 3 rises to around 9.2 due to ammonia generated along with the decomposition of urea.
[0023]
A mixture of urine and washing water in the storage tank 3 whose pH has increased to around 9.2 is supplied to the reaction tank 5, and an aqueous magnesium chloride solution is simultaneously added to the reaction tank 5. If necessary, an alkaline agent may be replenished. A mixture of urine and washing water in the reaction tank 5 and an aqueous magnesium chloride solution are reacted with each other to generate MAP. The obtained solid MAP is separated from the liquid and taken out from the bottom of the reaction vessel 5. The liquid substance separated from the MAP is taken out into a treated urine tank (ammonia recovery tank) 6 and almost the entire amount can be easily recovered by aeration of the ammoniacal nitrogen remaining in the urine after the phosphorus recovery. Thereafter, the water to be treated is transferred to a sewage treatment facility and subjected to sewage treatment as usual. In addition, by performing ammonia stripping, there is also an effect of preventing the generation of scale such as MAP by the processing solution which has been a problem in the conventional MAP processing.
[0024]
The following experiment was conducted in order to set the operating conditions of the apparatus for recovering valuable materials in urine.
First, the urine in the process of storing urine separated from manure was examined in terms of urea decomposition and ammonia diffusing.
[0025]
Five types of samples (Table 1) having different compositions were examined. The five types of samples in Table 1 are mixed liquid of raw urine and tap water (sample 1), mixed liquid of raw urine, tap water and urine in the receiving tank 2 (samples 2 and 3), raw urine and tap water, It is a mixed liquid of urine in the storage tank 3 (samples 4 and 5).
[0026]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004025244
As shown in FIG. 2, all changes in pH of Samples 1 to 5 were stable at around 9.3 on the 7th day after sampling, and urea was 14 days at the latest as shown in FIG. 3 from the change in electrical conductivity. It was found that almost the entire amount was decomposed.
[0027]
Moreover, the average value of the measurement result of the amount of diffusing ammonia from the storage tank 3 is shown in FIG. Since the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in the storage tank 3 is about 2,000 mg N / L, the amount of ammonia diffused is very small, and most of the ammonia generated by the decomposition of urea remains in the urine. It was confirmed that
[0028]
This is advantageous because according to the apparatus of this embodiment, the MAP production reaction can be carried out under a high pH condition without adding an alkali agent, and the method for recovering phosphorus from urine of this embodiment is advantageous. It turned out to be a very practical method including economy.
[0029]
Each device of this embodiment will be described next.
First, the urine separation toilet (toilet) will be described. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 5, the manure separation toilet 1 includes a toilet seat (not shown) at the top and a funnel-shaped manure receiver 11 at the bottom of the toilet seat. 11 is divided into a urine receiving part 12 and a sputum receiving part 13, and the urine receiving part 12 is provided with a plurality of small holes 15 on the bottom surface. From the hole 15, it is quickly discharged from the toilet 1 to the receiving tank 2. A relatively large hole 16 is provided in the bottom surface of the ridge receiving portion 13, and the ridge is discharged from the large hole 16 to the outside.
[0030]
The toilet 1 shown in FIG. 5 is devised on the toilet side in advance so that urine is not mixed with urine, so it is not used as a urinal from the beginning, instead of being collected as a mixture of urine in a conventional manner. It is desirable to use a toilet having a structure to obtain. Moreover, urine can be easily separated by using a urinal only for men.
[0031]
In the urine storage tank, urea decomposes and ammonia is generated, and the pH rises to around 9.2. At this time, when ureolytic enzyme is added to urine, the pH reaches about 9.2 relatively quickly.
[0032]
Next, FIG. 6 shows an outline of a reaction tank 5 for continuously recovering phosphorus as MAP using the apparatus of FIG.
The reaction vessel 5 is a funnel-shaped device having an opening at the top and a discharge at the bottom. The urine from the storage tank 3 is caused to flow from the opening at the top of the reaction tank 5 together with the magnesium chloride aqueous solution prepared separately. The solution in the reaction tank 5 is separated by a partition member 7 into a reaction part 5a near the center and a sedimentation part 5b outside the reaction part 5a. The reaction part 5a is further oriented in the longitudinal direction in the vertical direction and open at the upper and lower ends. The cylinder 8 is divided into two regions. By rotating the screw of the stirrer 9 provided with the rotation shaft 9a in the vertical direction in the cylinder 8, a downward flow of the solution is generated inside the cylinder 8, and an upward flow of the solution is generated outside the cylinder 8, thereby Is stirred while circulating.
[0033]
FIG. 7 shows the experimental results showing the relationship between the amount of phosphorus recovered using the reaction tank 5 shown in FIG. 6 and the pH. As shown in FIG. 7, it can be confirmed that a high phosphorus recovery rate can be obtained by using the urine-containing liquid in the storage tank 5 that has been raised to around pH 9 as it is without adding an alkaline agent into the reaction tank 5. It was.
[0034]
Moreover, when using the reaction tank 5 shown in FIG. 6, it turned out that phosphorus collection | recovery can fully be performed by the stirring speed of the solution by the stirrer 9 being 100 rpm, and the residence time of the solution in the reaction part 5a being 30 minutes. At that time, the recovery rate of urinary phosphorus was 97% or more.
[0035]
In addition, a recovery experiment of ammonia nitrogen remaining in the urine-containing solution flowing out of the reaction vessel 5 after phosphorus recovery was performed. The results are shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 shows the transition of the amount of ammonia nitrogen in the urine generated and collected and the elapsed time of the ammonia nitrogen remaining in the urine-containing solution with the pH of the solution during nitrogen recovery being almost constant. It is.
[0036]
As shown in the graph of FIG. 8, it was found that ammonia nitrogen in urine can be almost completely recovered as ammonia gas by aeration, and the generation rate of ammonia can be easily increased by increasing the aeration amount.
[0037]
In addition, the measurement of phosphate ion-type phosphorus is performed by molybdenum blue absorptiometry (“Sewer Test Method”, published by Japan Sewerage Association, 1997 edition, page 192), and total phosphorus is measured by potassium peroxydisulfate. It was measured by a decomposition method (“Sewer Test Method”, published by Japan Sewerage Association, 1997 edition, page 199).
[0038]
In addition, ammonia nitrogen is measured by indophenol blue absorptiometry (“Sewer Test Method”, published by Japan Sewerage Association, 1997 edition, page 162), and the total amount of ammonia generated is measured by ultraviolet absorptiometry ( "Sewage test method" published by Japan Sewerage Association, 1997 edition, page 187).
[0039]
Thus, according to the present invention, phosphorus in urine can be recovered as delayed action fertilizer MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) by adding magnesium salt without adding alkali under this alkaline condition. . Further, the ammonia nitrogen remaining in the urine after the recovery of phosphorus can be easily recovered almost entirely as ammonia gas in the treated urine tank 6 while aeration of air according to a conventional method.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
Urine contains valuable materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and there are no pathogenic microorganisms that are contained in sputum. Therefore, urine is easy to use as a resource. In the future, in view of the situation where such valuable resources are depleted, it can be said that the present invention is a very useful result from the viewpoint of recovering valuable materials from what was conventionally regarded as waste. In addition, the burden on the sewage treatment plant is reduced, and it can be said that eutrophication due to inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the closed water area can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall view of an apparatus for recovering valuable materials from urine according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing changes in pH of all samples 1 to 5;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes in all electrical conductivities of samples 1 to 5;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an average value of measurement results of the amount of ammonia diffused from a storage tank of samples 4 and 5;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of a manure separation toilet.
6 is a diagram showing an outline of a reaction tank for continuously carrying out phosphorus recovery by MAP in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing experimental results showing the relationship between the amount of phosphorus recovered using a reaction tank and pH.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a result of a recovery experiment of ammonia nitrogen remaining in a urine-containing solution flowing out of a reaction tank after phosphorus recovery.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Manure separation toilet (toilet bowl) 2 Receiving tank 3 Reservoir 5 Reaction tank 5a Reaction part 5b Settling part 6 Treating urine tank 7 Partition member 8 Cylinder 9 Stirrer 9a Rotating shaft 11 Manure receiving part 12 Urine receiving part 13 Pot receiving part 15 Small hole 16 big hole

Claims (5)

屎尿から分離した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿を放置して尿中のpHが9.0以上になると、マグネシウム含有化合物を尿に添加して尿中のりん成分をマグネシウム化合物として回収し、該りん成分を回収した後の尿を空気のバブリングによりアンモニア成分をアンモニアガスとして回収することを特徴とする尿から有価物を連続的に回収する方法。  When the urine separated from the urine or the urine collected from the male urinal is left to reach a pH of 9.0 or more, a magnesium-containing compound is added to the urine and the phosphorus component in the urine is collected as the magnesium compound. A method for continuously recovering valuable materials from urine, wherein the urine after recovering the phosphorus component is recovered as ammonia gas by ammonia bubbling. 屎尿から分離して回収した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿に尿素分解酵素を添加して尿中のpHが9.0以上になると、マグネシウム含有化合物を尿に添加して尿中のりん成分をマグネシウム化合物として回収し、該りん成分を回収した後の尿を空気のバブリングによりアンモニア成分をアンモニアガスとして回収することを特徴とする尿から有価物を連続的に回収する方法。  When urea-degrading enzyme is added to urine separated and collected from manure or urine collected from male urinals and the pH in urine becomes 9.0 or more, magnesium-containing compound is added to urine and phosphorus component in urine Is recovered as a magnesium compound, and after recovering the phosphorus component, the urine is recovered as ammonia gas as ammonia gas by bubbling air, and a valuable material is continuously recovered from urine. 屎尿を分離して尿を回収する屎尿分離トイレ又は男子小便器と、屎尿分離トイレから分離した尿又は男子小便器から回収した尿を一時的に貯留する尿貯留槽と、尿貯留槽からの尿とマグネシウムイオン含有溶液を供給して固体のマグネシウム化合物を生成させる反応槽とを備えたことを特徴とする尿中の有価物を回収する装置。  A urine separation toilet or male urinal that separates urine and collects urine, a urine storage tank that temporarily stores urine separated from the urine separation toilet or urine collected from the male urinal, and urine from the urine storage tank And a reaction tank for supplying a magnesium ion-containing solution to produce a solid magnesium compound, a device for recovering valuable materials in urine. 反応槽から分離された尿を空気によるバブリング処理によりアンモニアガスを回収するアンモニア回収槽を備えたことを特徴とする請求項記載の尿中の有価物を回収する装置。The apparatus for recovering valuable materials in urine according to claim 3, further comprising an ammonia recovery tank for recovering ammonia gas from the urine separated from the reaction tank by bubbling with air. 反応槽は中央部に攪拌機を備えた反応部と、反応部の外周部に設けた沈降部と、反応部の底部と沈降部の底部に、反応部と沈降部を連通させ、かつ固体反応生成物を溜めて外部に取り出し可能にした漏斗状取出部を備えたことを特徴とする請求項記載の尿中の有価物を回収する装置。The reaction tank has a reaction part with a stirrer in the center, a sedimentation part provided on the outer periphery of the reaction part, a reaction part and a sedimentation part in communication with the bottom part of the reaction part and the bottom part of the sedimentation part, and solid reaction generation 4. A device for collecting valuables in urine according to claim 3, further comprising a funnel-shaped take-out part that can store and take out things.
JP2003161617A 2003-06-06 2003-06-06 Method and apparatus for continuously collecting valuables from urine Expired - Fee Related JP4025244B2 (en)

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