JP5103716B2 - Fertilizer particle composition for aerial application - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、無人ヘリコプター等による空中散布用に適した肥料粒子組成物に関する。 The present invention relates to a fertilizer particle composition suitable for airborne application by an unmanned helicopter or the like.
海外では飛行機やヘリコプターによる薬剤や種子の散布は早くから盛んにおこなわれているものの、日本においては一農家あたりの耕作面積が小さくコストが高いこと、また周囲への薬剤飛散の問題等から普及は難しい状況にあった。しかしながら、農業従事者の減少、特に若年労働力の農業離れ等の影響から、農業分野における無人ヘリコプターの活用が見直されてきている。殺虫剤や殺菌剤等の農薬製剤においては、周囲への薬剤飛散を低減化させた農薬活性成分含有の製剤が検討され（特許文献１を参照）、数多くの産業用無人ヘリコプター用の農薬製剤が登録されている。
しかしながら、無人ヘリコプターを用いた肥料散布については、肥料散布用のヘリコプターの構造に関する検討が行われている（特許文献２を参照）ものの、無人ヘリコプターによる散布に適した肥料については必ずしも十分な検討が行われていない。
Overseas, the spread of drugs and seeds using airplanes and helicopters has been popular since early, but in Japan it is difficult to spread due to the small farming area per farmer and high costs, and the problem of drug scattering around the area. Was in the situation. However, the use of unmanned helicopters in the agricultural field has been reconsidered due to the decrease in the number of farmers, especially the impact of the youth labor force leaving agriculture. In agricultural chemical formulations such as insecticides and fungicides, pharmaceuticals containing agrochemical active ingredients with reduced chemical scattering to the surroundings have been studied (see Patent Document 1), and many agricultural chemical formulations for unmanned helicopters for industrial use are available. It is registered.
However, with regard to fertilizer application using an unmanned helicopter, studies on the structure of a helicopter for fertilizer application have been conducted (see Patent Document 2), but sufficient studies are not necessarily made on fertilizers suitable for application with an unmanned helicopter. Not done.
無人ヘリコプター等による空中散布において、ヘリコプターのローターによる気流や、散布している場所での風による影響により目的とする場所以外への肥料粒子の飛散が少ない、空中散布用に適した肥料粒子組成物に関する。 Fertilizer particle composition suitable for aerial spraying, with less scattering of fertilizer particles to other than the intended location due to the effects of airflow from the rotor of the helicopter and the wind at the location where it is sprayed in the air spraying by unmanned helicopters, etc. About.
本発明者は無人ヘリコプター等による空中散布に適した肥料粒子組成物について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、特定の形状及び粒径範囲で、更に特定の見かけ比重の肥料粒子組成物が、横風による影響を受け難く、目的とする場所以外への肥料粒子の飛散が少ないことを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 As a result of intensive studies on a fertilizer particle composition suitable for airborne application by an unmanned helicopter, etc., the present inventor has found that a fertilizer particle composition having a specific shape and particle size range and a specific apparent specific gravity has an effect of crosswind. It was hard to receive and found that there was little scattering of the fertilizer particle | grains other than the target place, and came to complete this invention.
即ち、本発明は以下の発明を含む。
［発明１］
見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3以上であり、２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過する粒子が全体の１０重量％以下であり、且つ粒子が水平面上で最も安定した位置で静止している状態で該水平面に対して垂直方向への該粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５以上であることを特徴とする空中散布用肥料粒子組成物。
［発明２］
日本工業規格による流動度試験方法（ＪＩＳ Ｚ ２５０２）に基づき、オリフィス径１２ｍｍφの漏斗状オリフィス管を用いて測定される流動度が０．１０秒／ｇ以下である発明２に記載された空中散布用肥料粒子組成物。
［発明３］
発明１または２に記載された空中散布用肥料粒子組成物を、無人ヘリコプターから散布することを特徴とする施肥方法。
That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
[Invention 1]
The apparent specific gravity is 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, the particles passing through the sieve with 2.36 mm openings are 10% by weight or less, and the particles are stationary at the most stable position on the horizontal plane. A fertilizer particle composition for aerial application, wherein an average ratio of an envelope circumference to a circumference obtained from a projection image of the particles in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane is 0.95 or more.
[Invention 2]
Based on the flow rate test method (JIS Z 2502) according to Japanese Industrial Standard, the air flow rate described in the
[Invention 3]
The fertilizer application method characterized by spraying the aerial fertilizer particle composition described in
本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、無人ヘリコプター等による空中散布において、風による影響により目的とする場所以外への肥料粒子の飛散が少ない。 The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention has less scattering of fertilizer particles to places other than the intended place due to the influence of wind when sprayed in the air by an unmanned helicopter or the like.
次に、本発明を詳しく説明する。
本発明の肥料粒子組成物における肥料粒子は、肥料成分を含有する粒子である。肥料成分とは、水稲などの植物栽培において養分を与えるために土壌に施される窒素、リン、カリウム、珪素、マグネシウム、カルシウム、マンガン、ホウ素、鉄等の種々の元素を含有する成分であり、具体例としては、尿素、硝酸アンモニウム、硝酸苦土アンモニウム、塩化アンモニウム、硫酸アンモニウム、リン酸アンモニウム、硝酸ソーダ、硝酸カルシウム、硝酸カリウム、石灰窒素、ホルムアルデヒド加工尿素肥料（ＵＦ）、アセトアルデヒド加工尿素肥料（ＣＤＵ）、イソブチルアルデヒド加工尿素肥料（ＩＢＤＵ）、グアニール尿素（ＧＵ）等の窒素質肥料；過リン酸石灰、重過リン酸石灰、熔成リン肥、腐植酸リン肥、焼成リン肥、重焼リン、苦土過リン酸、ポリリン酸アンモニウム、メタリン酸カリウム、メタリン酸カルシウム、苦土リン酸、硫リン安、リン硝安カリウム、塩リン安等のリン酸質肥料；塩化カリウム、硫酸カリウム、硫酸カリソーダ、硫酸カリ苦土、重炭酸カリウム、リン酸カリウム等のカリウム質肥料；珪酸カルシウム等の珪酸質肥料；硫酸マグネシウム、塩化マグネシウム等のマグネシウム質肥料；生石灰、消石灰、炭酸カルシウム等のカルシウム質肥料；硫酸マンガン、硫酸苦土マンガン、鉱さいマンガン等のマンガン質肥料；ホウ酸、ホウ酸塩等のホウ素質肥料；鉄鋼スラグ等の含鉄肥料等の肥料取締法に定められる普通肥料（複合肥料を含む）等を挙げることができる。
本発明の肥料粒子は、無人ヘリコプター等に搭載されて散布されることが好ましい肥料粒子であるが、一般に農業分野で使用される無人ヘリコプターの散布物の搭載量は、通常10〜60kgである為、用いられる肥料粒子の単位重量当りの肥料成分の含量が高いものが好ましい。本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、各肥料成分の含量の合計が２５％以上である肥料粒子が好ましく、各肥料成分の含量の合計が３５％以上である肥料粒子がさらに好ましい。
窒素（Ｎ）、リン（Ｐ）およびカリウム（Ｋ）より選ばれる肥料成分の一種以上、特にこれら三種全ての肥料成分を含有する肥料としては、ＮＰＫ成分型（Ｎ−Ｐ２Ｏ５−Ｋ２Ｏ）肥料が挙げられ、かかる肥料としては、例えば、５−５−７（Ｎ−Ｐ２Ｏ５−Ｋ２Ｏの重量比率を意味する。以下同じ。）、１２−１２−１６等の１型平上り型、５−５−５、１４−１４−１４等の２型水平型、６−６−５、８−８−５等の３型平下がり型、４−７−９、６−８−１１等の４型上り型、４−７−７、１０−２０−２０等の５型上り平型、４−７−４、６−９−６等の６型山型、６−４−５、１４−１０−１３等の７型谷型、６−５−５、１８−１１−１１等の８型下がり平型、７−６−５、１４−１２−９等の９型下がり型、３−２０−０、１８−３５−０等の１０型ＮＰ型、１６−０−１２、１８−０−１６等の１１型ＮＫ型、０−３−１４、０−１５−１５等の１２型ＰＫ型等を挙げることができる。
Next, the present invention will be described in detail.
The fertilizer particles in the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention are particles containing a fertilizer component. The fertilizer component is a component containing various elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon, magnesium, calcium, manganese, boron, iron, etc. applied to the soil to give nutrients in plant cultivation such as paddy rice. Specific examples include urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, lime nitrogen, formaldehyde processed urea fertilizer (UF), acetaldehyde processed urea fertilizer (CDU), Nitrogenous fertilizers such as isobutyraldehyde processed urea fertilizer (IBDU) and guaneaure urea (GU); superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime, molten phosphorus fertilizer, humic acid phosphate fertilizer, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, heavy calcined phosphorus, bitter Soil phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, potassium metaphosphate, calcium phosphate Phosphoric fertilizers such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium phosphate ammonium, and ammonium phosphate; potassium substances such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium bicarbonate, and potassium phosphate Fertilizer; Silicate fertilizer such as calcium silicate; Magnesium fertilizer such as magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride; Calcium fertilizer such as quick lime, slaked lime and calcium carbonate; Examples thereof include boron fertilizers such as acids and borates; ordinary fertilizers (including compound fertilizers) defined in the Fertilizer Control Law such as ferrous fertilizers such as steel slag.
Although the fertilizer particles of the present invention are preferably fertilizer particles that are mounted and spread on an unmanned helicopter or the like, the load of unmanned helicopter spreads generally used in the agricultural field is usually 10 to 60 kg. Those having a high fertilizer component content per unit weight of the fertilizer particles used are preferred. The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is preferably fertilizer particles having a total content of each fertilizer component of 25% or more, and more preferably fertilizer particles having a total content of each fertilizer component of 35% or more.
One or more types of fertilizer components selected from nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), in particular, fertilizers containing all three types of fertilizer components include NPK component type (N-P2O5-K2O) fertilizers. Examples of such fertilizers include 5-5-7 (meaning the weight ratio of N-P2O5-K2O; the same applies hereinafter), 12-12-16, etc. , 14-14-14 etc. 2 type horizontal type, 6-6-5, 8-8-5 etc. type 3 flat down type, 4-7-9, 6-8-11 etc. 4 type up type, 5-7 ascending flat type such as 4-7-7, 10-20-20, 6-type mountain type such as 4-7-4, 6-9-6, 6-4-5, 14-10-13, etc. 7 type valley type, 6 type 5-5, 18-11-11 grade 8 flat type, 7-6-5, 14-12-9 grade 9 type, 3-20-0, 1 -10 type NP type such as -35-0, 11 type NK type such as 16-0-12, 18-0-16, 12 type PK type such as 0-3-14, 0-15-15, etc. Can do.
また、本発明の肥料粒子組成物は除草剤、殺虫剤等の農薬成分を含有することができる。該農薬成分は、例えば肥料粒子表面に付着した状態、あるいは肥料粒子内部または全体に分散した状態で存在し得る。農薬成分を含有する肥料粒子は、例えば含有せしめる農薬成分の水、有機溶剤等の溶液、あるいは界面活性剤等がさらに添加されたエマルジョン液を、肥料粒子の粒子表面に散布し、粒子内部に浸透させ、同時、またはその後に溶媒を蒸散等により除去することによって製造できる。 In addition, the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention can contain agrochemical components such as herbicides and insecticides. The agrochemical component can be present, for example, in a state of being adhered to the surface of the fertilizer particles, or in a state of being dispersed in or throughout the fertilizer particles. Fertilizer particles containing an agrochemical component are, for example, sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles with a solution of an agrochemical component water, an organic solvent, or a surfactant added to the fertilizer particles, and penetrate into the particles. At the same time or thereafter, the solvent can be removed by evaporation or the like.
本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、粒子が水平面上で最も安定した位置で静止している状態で該水平面に対して垂直方向への該粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５以上である肥料粒子組成物である。本発明における包絡周囲長と周囲長は、下記に示す方法により測定される。
肥料粒子を板硝子面等の滑らかな水平面上に置き、適度に振動を与える等により、該粒子が最も安定した状態とする。次に、該水平面に対して垂直の方向から、市販の画像解析装置等を用いて該肥料粒子の投影画像を取得する。取り込まれた該投影画像について、輪郭における周囲長と包絡周囲長を市販の画像解析装置等を用いて測定する。例えば図１に示した粒子の輪郭においては、「包絡周囲長」とは破線で示したようにその凸部を最短の距離をもって結んだときの周囲の長さを意味し、「周囲長」とは実線で表わされた輪郭そのものの長さを意味する。次に、測定された周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均を、統計的に有意な数の粒子における測定結果より求める。具体的には、２０〜１００粒の肥料粒子を用いて求められる平均値が本発明においては用いられる。
The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention has a ratio of the envelope perimeter to the perimeter obtained from the projected image of the particles in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane while the particles are stationary at the most stable position on the horizontal plane. Is a fertilizer particle composition having an average of 0.95 or more. The envelope perimeter and perimeter in the present invention are measured by the following method.
The fertilizer particles are placed on a smooth horizontal surface such as a plate glass surface, and the particles are brought into the most stable state by applying appropriate vibrations. Next, a projection image of the fertilizer particles is acquired from a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane using a commercially available image analysis device or the like. For the captured projection image, the perimeter and envelope perimeter of the contour are measured using a commercially available image analyzer or the like. For example, in the particle outline shown in FIG. 1, “envelope perimeter” means the perimeter when the convex portions are connected with the shortest distance as shown by the broken line, and “perimeter” Means the length of the contour itself represented by a solid line. Next, the average of the ratio of the envelope perimeter to the measured perimeter is obtained from the measurement results for a statistically significant number of particles. Specifically, an average value obtained using 20 to 100 fertilizer particles is used in the present invention.
本発明における上記の式で求められる形状係数は、具体的には、ＣＣＤカメラ等を用いて取り込んだ肥料粒子の平面画像を、ＷｉｎＲＯＯＦ(三谷商事製)等の画像解析処理装置を使いて、測定することができる。 The shape factor obtained by the above formula in the present invention is specifically measured using a plane image of fertilizer particles captured using a CCD camera or the like, using an image analysis processing device such as WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Corp.). can do.
本発明における肥料粒子組成物は、２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩（Tylerメッシュの８メッシュに相当）を通過する粒子が全体の１０重量％以下であり、好ましくは５重量％以下である。また、肥料粒子組成物としての流動度の関係から、４．７５ｍｍの目開きの篩（Tylerメッシュの４メッシュに相当）を通過しない粒子が全体の５重量％以下であることが好ましい。 In the fertilizer particle composition according to the present invention, particles passing through a 2.36 mm mesh sieve (corresponding to 8 meshes of Tyler mesh) are 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the particle | grains which do not pass the sieve of a 4.75 mm opening (equivalent to 4 meshes of a Tyler mesh) are 5 weight% or less of the whole from the relationship of the fluidity | liquidity as a fertilizer particle | grain composition.
更に、本発明における肥料粒子組成物は、その見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3以上である肥料粒子である。肥料粒子組成物の見かけ比重は、下記に示す方法により測定される。
即ち、農薬公定検査法に準じて測定することができる。即ち、内径50mm、100ml容の金属製容器に、容器上縁１０ｃｍの高さから測定する肥料粒子を自然落下させて、容器内につめる。その後、ただちにスライドガラスを用いて余剰の肥料粒子をすり切りし、容器内の内容物の重量を測定し、見かけ比重（g/cm3）を求める。
Furthermore, the fertilizer particle composition in the present invention is a fertilizer particle having an apparent specific gravity of 1.0 g / cm 3 or more. The apparent specific gravity of the fertilizer particle composition is measured by the method shown below.
That is, it can be measured according to the official inspection method for agricultural chemicals. That is, fertilizer particles measured from a height of 10 cm at the upper edge of the container are naturally dropped into a metal container having an inner diameter of 50 mm and a capacity of 100 ml, and are put in the container. Immediately thereafter, surplus fertilizer particles are ground using a glass slide, and the weight of the contents in the container is measured to determine the apparent specific gravity (g / cm 3 ).
本発明の肥料粒子組成物における肥料粒子は、肥料を必須成分とする原料を造粒することにより得ることができる。造粒法としては、転動造粒法、押出し造粒法、圧縮造粒法、破砕造粒法、噴流造粒法等、公知の造粒法のいずれを用いてもよいが、得られる肥料粒子組成物として、見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3以上であり、２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過する粒子が全体の１０重量％以下であり、粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５以上となるように造粒される。
見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3未満であった場合には、４．００ｍｍの目開きの篩（Tylerメッシュの５メッシュに相当）を通過しない大きな粒径の粒子の含有量を減らして、４．００ｍｍの目開きの篩（Tylerメッシュの５メッシュに相当）を通過し、２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩（Tylerメッシュの８メッシュに相当）を通過する粒子の含有量を増やすか、必要とされる肥料成分について、比重の大きな肥料成分の含量を増やすことに、見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3以上となるように調製して、本発明の肥料粒子組成物に用いられる肥料粒子を製造することができる。窒素成分の場合には、比重の大きな肥料成分の比重を増やすには、尿素（密度1.335）に代えて、硫酸アンモニウム（密度1.769）、硝酸アンモニウム（密度1.720）、塩化アンモニウム（密度1.530）等の比重の大きな窒素成分の割合を増やすことに、肥料粒子組成物の見かけ比重を調製することができる。
個々の粒子を平面として取り込んだ画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５未満であった場合は、得られた肥料粒子組成物について、形状選別を行うか、整流機を用いて粒子の角取り処理を行う等により、粒子形状の好ましい肥料粒子組成物を得ることができる。
The fertilizer particle | grains in the fertilizer particle | grain composition of this invention can be obtained by granulating the raw material which uses a fertilizer as an essential component. As the granulation method, any of known granulation methods such as rolling granulation method, extrusion granulation method, compression granulation method, crushing granulation method, jet granulation method, etc. may be used, but the fertilizer to be obtained is obtained. As the particle composition, the apparent specific gravity is 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, and the particles passing through a sieve having a mesh opening of 2.36 mm are 10% by weight or less of the total, and the perimeter obtained from the projected image of the particles Granulation is performed so that the average ratio of the envelope perimeter is 0.95 or more.
When the apparent specific gravity was less than 1.0 g / cm 3 , the content of large-sized particles not passing through a 4.00 mm sieve (corresponding to 5 meshes of Tyler mesh) was reduced, and 4 Increase the content of particles passing through a sieve with a mesh opening of 0.000 mm (equivalent to 5 mesh of Tyler mesh) and passing through a sieve with a mesh of 2.36 mm (equivalent to 8 mesh of Tyler mesh) In order to increase the content of fertilizer components having a large specific gravity, the fertilizer particles used in the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention are manufactured by adjusting the apparent specific gravity to be 1.0 g / cm 3 or more. can do. In the case of nitrogen components, in order to increase the specific gravity of fertilizer components with large specific gravity, instead of urea (density 1.335), the specific gravity of ammonium sulfate (density 1.769), ammonium nitrate (density 1.720), ammonium chloride (density 1.530), etc. By increasing the proportion of the large nitrogen component, the apparent specific gravity of the fertilizer particle composition can be adjusted.
If the average ratio of the envelope circumference to the circumference obtained from an image obtained by capturing individual particles as a flat surface is less than 0.95, the obtained fertilizer particle composition is subjected to shape selection or a rectifier A fertilizer particle composition having a preferable particle shape can be obtained, for example, by performing a chamfering treatment of the particles using the above.
上記の造粒法により得られる肥料の形状においては、針状、燐片状（フレーク状）のように、物理的な強度の不足した形状の肥料粒子は除かれる。本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、複数の種類の肥料粒子の混合物を用いることができるが、肥料粒子組成物全体として、見かけ比重が１．０g/cm3以上であり、２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過する粒子が全体の１０重量％以下であり、粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５以上であることが必要である。 In the shape of the fertilizer obtained by the above granulation method, fertilizer particles having a shape with insufficient physical strength such as needle shape and flake shape (flakes) are excluded. The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention can use a mixture of a plurality of types of fertilizer particles, but the fertilizer particle composition as a whole has an apparent specific gravity of 1.0 g / cm 3 or more and an opening of 2.36 mm. It is necessary that the particles passing through the sieve are 10% by weight or less of the whole, and the average ratio of the envelope peripheral length to the peripheral length obtained from the projected image of the particles is 0.95 or more.
無人ヘリコプターは地上走行型の動力肥料散布機に比べて、個々の構造部品のサイズが小さく、肥料タンク及び排出口の大きさも相対的に小さなものになっている。この為、肥料タンク内及び排出口での詰まりが生じないよう、本発明の肥料粒子組成物において流動性が良好であることが望ましい。本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、粒子が水平面上で最も安定した位置で静止している状態で該水平面に対して垂直方向への該粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均が０．９５以上であり、粒子表面の凹凸が少ないので、流動性が良好であって、無人ヘリコプターにより散布する肥料粒子組成物として好ましい。本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、具体的には日本工業規格による流動度試験方法（ＪＩＳ Ｚ ２５０２）に基づいて、オリフィス径12mmφの漏斗状オリフィス管を用いて測定される流動度として、通常は0.4秒/g、好ましくは0.2秒/g、より好ましくは0.1秒/g以下である。 The unmanned helicopter is smaller in the size of individual structural parts and relatively smaller in size of the fertilizer tank and the discharge port than the ground-driven power fertilizer spreader. For this reason, it is desirable that the fluidity of the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is good so that clogging in the fertilizer tank and at the discharge port does not occur. The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention has a ratio of the envelope perimeter to the perimeter obtained from the projected image of the particles in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal plane while the particles are stationary at the most stable position on the horizontal plane. The average particle size is 0.95 or more, and there are few irregularities on the particle surface. Therefore, the fluidity is good, and it is preferable as a fertilizer particle composition to be sprayed by an unmanned helicopter. Specifically, the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention usually has a fluidity measured using a funnel-shaped orifice tube having an orifice diameter of 12 mmφ based on a fluidity test method (JIS Z 2502) according to Japanese Industrial Standards. 0.4 second / g, preferably 0.2 second / g, more preferably 0.1 second / g or less.
本発明の肥料粒子は、肥料成分を含有する粒子が樹脂にて被覆された被覆肥料粒子であってもよい。該被覆における樹脂としては、例えば、ワックス、水溶性高分子、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂等が挙げられる。
ワックスとしては、例えば、カーボワックス、ヘキストロウ、蔗糖エステル、脂肪酸エステルなどの合成ワックス、カルナウバワックス、ミツロウ、木ロウなどの天然ワックス、パラフィンワックス、ペトロラクタムなどの石油ワックス等が挙げられる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブテン、ポリスチレンなどのポリオレフィン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアクリル酸、ポリメタアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリメタクリル酸エステルなどのビニル重合物、ブタジエン重合物、イソプレン重合物、クロロプレン重合物、ブタジエン−スチレン共重合物、エチレン−プロピレン−ジエン共重合物、スチレン−イソプレン共重合物などのジエン系重合物、エチレン−プロピレン共重合物、ブテン−エチレン共重合物、ブテン−プロピレン共重合物、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合物、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合物、エチレン−メタアクリル酸共重合物、エチレン−メタアクリル酸エステル共重合物、エチレン−一酸化炭素共重合物、エチレン−酢酸ビニル−一酸化炭素共重合物などのポリオレフィン共重合物、塩化ビニル−ビニルアセテート共重合物、塩化ビニリデン−塩化ビニル共重合物などの塩化ビニル共重合物等が挙げられる。熱硬化性樹脂としては、例えば、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アルキド樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ウレア・メラミン樹脂、尿素樹脂、シリコン樹脂等が挙げられる。
The fertilizer particles of the present invention may be coated fertilizer particles in which particles containing a fertilizer component are coated with a resin. Examples of the resin in the coating include wax, a water-soluble polymer, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermosetting resin.
Examples of the wax include synthetic waxes such as carbo wax, Hoechst wax, sucrose ester, and fatty acid ester, natural waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, and wood wax, and petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax and petrolactam. Examples of thermoplastic resins include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutene, and polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid ester, and polymethacrylic acid ester. Vinyl polymers, butadiene polymers, isoprene polymers, chloroprene polymers, butadiene-styrene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers, diene polymers such as styrene-isoprene copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers Polymer, butene-ethylene copolymer, butene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer , Ethylene Carbon oxide copolymer, polyolefin copolymer such as ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide copolymer, vinyl chloride copolymer such as vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinylidene chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer, etc. Can be mentioned. Examples of the thermosetting resin include urethane resin, epoxy resin, alkyd resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin, urea / melamine resin, urea resin, and silicon resin.
本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、一般的な肥料粒子組成物の包装形態に包装される。一般的な包装形態における包装材としては、クラフト袋、ポリエチレン袋、ポリエチレン内装アルミニウム袋、紙袋、ポリエチレン内装紙袋が挙げられる。 The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is packaged in a general fertilizer particle composition packaging form. Examples of the packaging material in a general packaging form include kraft bags, polyethylene bags, polyethylene-incorporated aluminum bags, paper bags, and polyethylene-incorporated paper bags.
本発明の肥料粒子組成物を散布することのできる無人ヘリコプターとしては、例えば特開２００３−３３９２９７号公報に記載の無人ヘリコプターを用いることが出来る。市販されている無人ヘリコプターとしては、例えばRMAX Type II（搭載量24kg、ヤマハ発動機製）、RPH2（搭載量60kg、富士重工業製）が挙げられる。
無人ヘリコプターにて本発明の肥料粒子組成物を散布する際には、通常ヘリコプターの飛行速度は5〜20km/hr、飛行高度は３〜６mの範囲で行われる。散布時の風速は、好ましくは地上1.5ｍにおいて3m／秒以下であるが、本発明の肥料粒子は風による影響にて、目的とする場所以外への飛散が少ないので、それ以上の風速時での散布も可能である。
また、本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、肥料粒子が散布される場所が風による影響を受け難いので、ＧＰＳとコンピューター制御技術を利用した無人ヘリコプターによる自動薬散システムで使用する肥料粒子組成物としても適する。
As an unmanned helicopter which can spread the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention, an unmanned helicopter described in JP 2003-339297 A can be used, for example. Commercially available unmanned helicopters include, for example, RMAX Type II (loading capacity 24 kg, manufactured by Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.) and RPH2 (loading capacity 60 kg, manufactured by Fuji Heavy Industries).
When the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is sprayed by an unmanned helicopter, the flight speed of the helicopter is usually 5 to 20 km / hr and the flight altitude is 3 to 6 m. The wind speed at the time of spraying is preferably 3 m / sec or less at 1.5 m above the ground, but the fertilizer particles of the present invention are less affected by the wind, so there is less scattering outside the target location, so at higher wind speeds. Is also possible.
In addition, since the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is not easily affected by the wind, the fertilizer particle composition is used as a fertilizer particle composition for use in an automatic drug dispersion system using an unmanned helicopter using GPS and computer control technology. Also suitable.
本発明の肥料粒子の無人ヘリコプターによる散布は、例えば、稲作分野においては出穂前の20日〜10日前後に行われる穂肥において有効に用いられる。通常、穂肥は１または２回行われ、施肥量は通常10a当り、窒素成分として1.5〜4kgの範囲、カリウム成分として0.5〜3kgの範囲である。穂肥としては、通常の速効性肥料粒子を用いてもよいし、緩効性の被覆肥料粒子を用いてもよい。
また本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、起伏があり、面積の広い牧草地やゴルフ場等における施肥において、空中散布用の肥料粒子組成物としても用いることができる。
The application of the fertilizer particles of the present invention by an unmanned helicopter is effectively used, for example, in the fertilization performed around 20 to 10 days before heading in the field of rice cultivation. Usually, the fertilization is performed once or twice, and the amount of fertilization is usually in the range of 1.5 to 4 kg as the nitrogen component and 0.5 to 3 kg as the potassium component per 10a. As ear fertilizer, normal fast-acting fertilizer particles may be used, or slow-acting coated fertilizer particles may be used.
Further, the fertilizer particle composition of the present invention has undulations, and can be used as a fertilizer particle composition for aerial application in fertilization in a pasture or golf course having a large area.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
製造例
含有する肥料成分の種類又は被覆の有無の異なる３種類の肥料粒子組成物について、粒径分布や形状選別を行い、肥料粒子組成物(イ)〜（ホ）を調製した。これらの肥料粒子組成物について、見かけ比重、個々の粒子の投影画像より求められる周囲長に対する包絡周囲長の比の平均、粒径分布等を測定した。結果を、表１に示す。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Fertilizer particle compositions (I) to (E) were prepared by performing particle size distribution and shape selection for three types of fertilizer particle compositions with different types of fertilizer components or different presence or absence of coating. For these fertilizer particle compositions, the apparent specific gravity, the average ratio of the envelope circumference to the circumference obtained from the projected image of each particle, the particle size distribution, and the like were measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
*2：肥料成分含量４２％(N=42)の被覆肥料粒子；２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過する粒子が３重量％、４．７５ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過しない粒子が１重量％以下。
*3：肥料成分含量４６％(N=46)の粒状尿素肥料；２．３６ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過する粒子が１１重量％、４．７５ｍｍの目開きの篩を通過しない粒子が１重量％以下。
* 2: Coated fertilizer particles with a fertilizer component content of 42% (N = 42); 3% by weight of particles passing through a 2.36 mm sieve and 1 weight of particles not passing through a 4.75 mm sieve. %Less than.
* 3: Granular urea fertilizer with a fertilizer component content of 46% (N = 46); 11% by weight of particles passing through a 2.36 mm sieve and 1 weight of particles not passing through a 4.75 mm sieve. %Less than.
参考例に記載の肥料粒子組成物について下記の方法により、散布された肥料粒子組成物が横風の影響により、目的とする場所以外へどの程度の量が飛散したかを求めた。
試験例
内径22cm、深さ29cmの円筒形容器を設置し、その容器の中心部から鉛直線上方向に下端が高さ1.4mとなるように硝子製の漏斗（漏斗の脚部の管の長さが55mm、口径12mm）を設置した。容器と漏斗を結ぶ鉛直線に対して、横方向に高さ60cm、羽根翼径20cmの扇風機を設置して、作動させて横風を当てた。
まず、該漏斗の底を塞いだ状態で50gの肥料粒子組成物を満たした後、該漏斗の底を開放して、一気に肥料粒子組成物を落下させ、下方に設置した容器内に回収された粒状組成物の量を測った（条件１）。尚、本試験で使用した肥料粒子組成物については、漏斗の管部分で詰まることなく、排出された。
次に、該漏斗を経由して約30秒間で50gの肥料粒子組成物を落下させて、下方に設置した容器内に回収された粒状組成物の量を測った（条件２）。
容器に回収された肥料粒子組成物の量を表２に示す。
With respect to the fertilizer particle composition described in the reference example, the amount of the dispersed fertilizer particle composition scattered outside the target location was determined by the influence of crosswind by the following method.
Test example A cylindrical container with an inner diameter of 22 cm and a depth of 29 cm was installed, and the glass funnel (the length of the tube at the leg of the funnel) had a height of 1.4 m in the vertical direction from the center of the container. Installed 55mm, caliber 12mm). A fan with a height of 60 cm and a blade diameter of 20 cm was installed in the horizontal direction with respect to the vertical line connecting the container and the funnel, and the fan was operated to apply a cross wind.
First, after filling the bottom of the funnel with 50 g of the fertilizer particle composition, the bottom of the funnel was opened, and the fertilizer particle composition was dropped at once and collected in a container installed below. The amount of the granular composition was measured (Condition 1). In addition, about the fertilizer particle | grain composition used by this test, it discharged | emitted, without clogging in the pipe part of a funnel.
Next, 50 g of the fertilizer particle composition was dropped in about 30 seconds via the funnel, and the amount of the granular composition collected in the container placed below was measured (Condition 2).
Table 2 shows the amount of the fertilizer particle composition recovered in the container.
本発明の肥料粒子組成物は、高所より散布した場合でも風による影響で目的とする場所以外への飛散が少ない為、無人ヘリコプター等による空散用の肥料粒子組成物として有用である。 The fertilizer particle composition of the present invention is useful as a fertilizer particle composition for air scattering by an unmanned helicopter or the like because it is less scattered to other than the intended place due to the influence of wind even when sprayed from a high place.
１ 包絡周囲長
２ 周囲長
1
Claims (3)
A fertilizer application method comprising spraying the aerial fertilizer particle composition according to claim 1 or 2 from an unmanned helicopter.
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