JP5092055B1 - Evacuation float - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
In an evacuation float having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs, the evacuation float 1 capable of realizing rapid floating of the floating body 2 and reliably protecting an evacuee is provided.
[Solution]
In the evacuation float 1 having the floating body 2 that floats when the tsunami W is generated, the floating body 2 has a floating body front surface 10 that faces the wave upper side F that is the upstream side in the traveling direction of the tsunami W. 10 is inclined to the wavefront F, and the angle formed by the floating body front surface 10 and the still water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation float having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs.

  As countermeasures for tsunamis, there is an evacuation float that is normally installed on land and floats when it reaches the tsunami (see, for example, Patent Document 1). FIG. 6 shows an example of this evacuation float. FIG. 6A shows a normal evacuation float 1X, and FIG. 6B shows an evacuation float 1X when a tsunami arrives. This evacuation float 1X has a plurality of mooring piles 3X driven deep into the ground and a floating body 2X that can move in the vertical direction along the mooring piles 3X. When a tsunami warning or the like is issued, the refugee 50 uses the stairs 51 to evacuate on the floating body 2X. The floating body 2X is configured to lift off the ground surface 9 by buoyancy when a tsunami arrives.

  With this configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. First, since the floating body 2X floats when it reaches the tsunami, for example, even when a tsunami that reaches 5 m from the ground surface 9 occurs, the floating body 2X rises 5 m to protect the evacuees 50 (See FIG. 6B). Secondly, since the float 2X is installed on the ground surface 9 and is close to the ground surface 9, evacuation is facilitated (see FIG. 6A). In other words, as long as the staircase 51 provided on the floating body 2X goes up, damage can be avoided even if the tsunami reaches the second or third floor of the building.

  However, the evacuation float 1X has several problems. 1stly, the floating body 2X does not surface at the time of tsunami arrival, or it has the problem that an ascending person cannot fully protect an evacuee slowly. This is because the floating body can only rise after the water level has risen sufficiently to generate buoyancy. For this reason, before a floating body surface, it may be covered with a tsunami and an evacuee may not be protected enough.

  2ndly, it has the problem that the floating body 2X and mooring pile 3X of the evacuation float will be destroyed at the time of tsunami arrival. This is because the floating body and mooring pile receive horizontal force due to the impact of the tsunami.

  Thirdly, even if the evacuees evacuate on the floating body, there is a problem that they may be involved in a tsunami. This is because if a tsunami with a height exceeding the upper surface of the floating body strikes before the floating body rises, the floating body will be exposed to the tsunami. In addition, when a tsunami rides on a floating body upper surface, it becomes difficult for the floating body to surface by the weight.

JP 2006-112089 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to realize a quick floating of a floating body and ensure an evacuee in an evacuation float having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs. It is to provide an evacuation float that can be protected.

In order to achieve the above object, an evacuation float according to the present invention is an evacuation float having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs, and the floating body faces the upstream side in the upstream of the tsunami traveling direction. The floating body front surface is inclined to the wave-side, and the angle formed by the floating body front surface and the static water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees.

  With this configuration, the floating body can rise quickly due to the force of the tsunami colliding with the front of the floating body. That is, the kinetic energy when the tsunami collides with the front of the floating body can be used as the energy for raising the floating body.

  In the above evacuation float, the evacuation float has mooring towers arranged in the vicinity of both side surfaces of the floating body parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami, and the mooring tower faces the wave upper side. The tower front is inclined to the wave lower side downstream of the tsunami traveling direction, and the angle between the tower front and the still water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees The floating body has a mooring guide that contacts the front of the tower, and when a tsunami occurs, the floating body moves up along the slope of the front of the tower while moving downward. It was configured as described above.

  With this configuration, the floating body can rise quickly. In addition, since the floating body floats while being swung to the wave lower side, it is possible to suppress the amount of tilt generated when the floating body floats.

  In the above evacuation float, the floating body has a floating bottom surface facing the ground surface, the floating bottom surface is inclined so that the wave lower side is lower than the wave upper side, and the floating body bottom surface and the still water surface Is formed so as to be greater than 0 degree and not more than 15 degrees. With this configuration, the kinetic energy when the tsunami passes through the bottom surface of the floating body can be used as the energy for raising the floating body.

  In the above-described evacuation float, the floating body has a wave barrier wall installed on an upper surface of the floating body and along a wave-side end. With this configuration, the floating body can rise quickly. This is because it is possible to prevent a tsunami from being applied to the upper surface of the floating body and increase the weight of the floating body. Moreover, the safety of the evacuees on the floating body can be improved.

  According to the evacuation float according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an evacuation float that can realize rapid floating of a floating body and can reliably protect an evacuee.

It is the schematic of the float for evacuation of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of the float for evacuation of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of the float for evacuation of embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is the schematic of the evacuation float of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the evacuation float of different embodiment which concerns on this invention. It is a side view of the conventional evacuation float.

  Hereinafter, an evacuation float according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 schematically shows an evacuation float 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation float 1 has a floating body 2, a mooring tower 3, and at least one communication slope 4.

The floating body 2 has a floating body front surface 10 that faces the wave upper side F that is the upstream side in the traveling direction of the tsunami W. The floating body front surface 10 is inclined so as to be on the wave front F, and is formed such that the normal line of the floating body front surface 10 extends to the ground side. Moreover, the floating body 2 has at least one mooring guide 11 disposed on each side surface of the floating body parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami W.

  The mooring tower 3 of the evacuation float 1 is fixed to the ground surface so as to be positioned in the vicinity of both side surfaces of the floating body parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami W. The mooring tower 3 has a tower front 20 facing the wave front F. The tower front surface 20 is formed so as to incline to the wave lower side R, which is the downstream side in the traveling direction of the tsunami W, and the normal line of the tower front surface 20 extends to the top side. Here, it is desirable that the mooring guide 11 of the floating body 2 is in contact with the tower front surface 20.

  The connecting slope 4 of the evacuation float 1 is installed on at least one of the side surfaces of the floating body 2 parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami W. This contact slope 4 is for an evacuee, a vehicle, etc. to move on a floating body, Preferably it is arrange | positioned so that it may become substantially right angle so that it may not become parallel with the advancing direction of tsunami W. . With this configuration, it is possible to prevent the tsunami W from climbing the evacuation slope 4 and reaching the floating body upper surface 14.

  FIG. 2 shows a side view of the evacuation float 1. The floating body front surface 10 that collides with the tsunami W will be described with reference to the drawings. The floating body front surface 10 is inclined to the wave front F, and is formed such that an angle θ1 formed by the floating body front surface 10 and a stationary water surface (a surface parallel to the ground surface 9) is 2 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees. The formed angle θ1 is preferably 5 degrees or more and less than 60 degrees, and more preferably 10 degrees or more and less than 45 degrees.

  The floating body front surface 10 is configured to start the rapid floating of the floating body 2 by a reaction force that pushes and bends the motion of the tsunami W from the wave upper side F to the wave lower side R toward the ground surface 9. Therefore, when the angle θ1 formed is large, the vertically upward force acting on the floating body 2 from the tsunami W becomes small, and it becomes difficult to realize the rapid start of floating of the floating body 2. In addition, when the formed angle θ1 is small, the floating body 2 becomes large, and it becomes difficult to select the installation location. The shape of the floating body front surface 10 is not limited to the inclined surface. The floating body front surface 10 may have any shape that can convert part of the fluid force of the tsunami W into lift force, and may be, for example, a streamline type (hull shape).

  The floating body 2 has a raised girder 13 installed on the bottom surface 12 of the floating body. It is desirable that the raising girder 13 is formed of a flat plate parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami W. It is desirable that the height of the floating body upper surface 14 be set higher than the height of the tip of the tsunami by installing the raising girder 13. Specifically, the height of the floating body upper surface 14 is configured to be about 1 to 1.5 m from the ground surface 9. Here, the contact surface between the raising girder 12 and the ground surface 9 is not a surface contact but a line contact. With this configuration, even when rubble or the like accumulates below the bottom surface 12 of the floating body after the tsunami ends, the floating body raising girder 13 destroys the rubble using the weight of the floating body and is re-installed on the ground surface. Because it can.

  Next, the tower front 20 of the mooring tower 3 will be described. The tower front surface 20 is inclined to the wave lower side R, which is the downstream side in the traveling direction of the tsunami W, and is formed such that the angle θ2 formed by the tower front surface 20 and the still water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees. . The formed angle θ2 is preferably 35 degrees or more and less than 75 degrees, and more preferably 50 degrees or more and less than 70 degrees.

  In addition, the mooring tower 3 is desirably arranged so that the tower front surface 20 is located on the wave front F from the wave upper side F to the wave lower side R of the floating body 2 or from the wave intermediate side R. Specifically, it is desirable that the mooring guide 11 is configured so that the mooring guide 11 is located on the wave upper side F from the wave upper side F to the wave lower side R from the wave upper side F. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the inclination when the floating body 2 rises.

  Next, the floating operation of the floating body 2 when the tsunami W occurs will be described. The tsunami W reaches the evacuation float 1 from the wave upper side F, and first collides with the floating body front surface 10. The tsunami W that has collided with the floating body front surface 10 is changed in its traveling direction downward (on the ground surface 9 side), passes between the raised girders 13 on the floating body bottom surface 12, and flows to the wave lower side R of the evacuation float 1. Due to this tsunami W collision, the floating body 2 receives a vertically upward force and starts to float.

  FIG. 3 shows a state when the floating body 2 has floated. The floating body 2 starts to float by the collision of the tsunami W, and then floats by the buoyancy received from the tsunami W. At this time, the floating body 2 floats while flowing to the wave lower side R along the inclination of the tower front surface 20. d indicates the distance that the floating body 2 has flowed to the wave lower side R, and 8 indicates the water surface. When the floating body 2 rises, the mooring guide (wave side) 11 of the floating body 2 and the tower front surface 20 maintain contact. Further, the wave-side mooring guide 16 is in a state in which contact with the mooring tower 3 is released.

  Here, it is desirable to employ a lubricious material such as nylon for at least one of the mooring guide (wave side) 11 and the tower front surface 20. This is because the floating body 2 can float smoothly along the mooring tower 3.

  With the above configuration, the following operational effects can be obtained. 1stly, the float 1 for evacuation which implement | achieved quick floating of the floating body 2 by the structure which formed the inclination in the floating body front surface 10 can be provided. This is because the floating body 2 can start ascending using the force of the tsunami W that collides with the floating body front surface 10.

  Secondly, the structure in which the tower front surface 20 is inclined can suppress the inclination (rolling) of the floating body 2 to the wave upper side F and the wave lower side R when the floating body 2 rises (arrow in FIG. 3). S). This is because it is possible to prevent the floating body 2 from rising while the tsunami W is caused to flow by the distance d and pushing the wave upper side F of the floating body 2 upward. By suppressing the inclination of the floating body 2, it is possible to improve the safety of the evacuees who have moved on the floating body.

  Thirdly, the structure in which the floating body 2 floats promptly without tilting can prevent the tsunami W from entering the upper surface of the floating body and improve the safety of the evacuees who have moved onto the floating body.

  FIG. 4 schematically shows an evacuation float 1A according to another embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation float 1 </ b> A can be configured to have a mooring wire (or mooring chain) 5 instead of the mooring tower 3. One end of the mooring wire 5 is fixed to the ground surface of the wave upper side F of the floating body 2A by an anchor 30, and the other end is fixed to the floating body 2A. It is desirable that the mooring wire 5 be in a state where a tension equal to or less than a predetermined value is applied before the occurrence of the tsunami. This is because the floating body 2A can float while being flowed to the wave lower side R when the tsunami W occurs. With this configuration, the floating body 2A can be prevented from tilting toward the wave upper side F and the wave lower side R. Further, even when the water level is high after the tsunami ends, the mooring wire 5 can be disconnected, and the floating body 2A can be moved to a safe place by a tugboat or the like.

  Further, it is desirable that the floating body 2 </ b> A is configured to have the wave preventing wall 15 at the wave front F end portion of the floating body upper surface 14. With this configuration, the floating body 2 </ b> A can avoid a situation in which the tsunami W is applied to the floating body upper surface 14 and the weight is increased and the floating body 2 </ b> A cannot float. That is, when the tsunami W occurs, the floating body 2A can surely and promptly float.

Furthermore, it is desirable that the evacuation float 1A is configured to have the wave-dissipating member 6 on the wave upper side F of the floating body 2A. With this configuration, the speed of the tsunami W can be reduced. The wave-dissipating member 6 only needs to be a resistor that reduces the moving speed of the tsunami W, such as a wave-dissipating block or a building. Here, when the speed of the tsunami W is high, the tsunami W may ride on the floating body upper surface 14 before the floating body 2A starts to float by receiving the tsunami W in front of the floating body and obtaining a vertical upward force. There is sex. When the tsunami W rides on the floating body upper surface 14, it becomes difficult for the floating body 2A to float due to its weight.

  FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional perspective view of the floating body 2B of the evacuation float 1B according to another embodiment of the present invention. The floating body 2B has a floating body bottom surface 12B that comes into contact with the tsunami W. It is desirable that the floating body bottom surface 12B is inclined so that the wave lower side R is lower than the wave upper side F, and the normal line of the floating body bottom surface 12B extends to the wave upper side F. The floating body bottom surface 12B is formed such that an angle θ3 formed with the still water surface is greater than 0 degree and equal to or less than 15 degrees. The formed angle θ3 is preferably greater than 0.5 degrees and less than 10 degrees, and more preferably greater than 2 degrees and less than 5 degrees. The floating body bottom surface 12 </ b> B only needs to have a shape capable of converting a part of the fluid force of the tsunami W into lift force, and may be, for example, a streamline type (hull shape). With this configuration, the phenomenon that the floating body bottom surface 12B is attracted to the water flow (pressure drop at the floating body bottom surface 12B) does not occur, and the floating body 2B can be promptly lifted.

  More desirably, the floating body bottom surface 12B of the floating body 2B shown in FIG. 5 is formed to be a plane that passes through the wave upper side F end of the floating body upper surface 14 and the wave lower side R end of the floating body bottom surface 12B. That is, the cross section of the floating body 2B (see FIG. 5) is formed to be a substantially triangular shape having a hypotenuse that connects the wave upper side F end of the floating body upper surface 14 and the wave lower side R end of the floating body bottom surface 12B. With this configuration in which the floating body front surface and the floating body bottom surface are integrally formed, the floating body 2B can significantly improve the floating performance when the tsunami arrives, although the buoyancy is reduced.

  In addition, you may install the baffle plate 17 in the wave lower side R edge part of the floating body bottom face 12B. This damming plate 17 is a plate-like object extending downward from the floating body bottom surface 12B, and is installed so as to be resistant to the tsunami W flowing from the wave upper side F. With the configuration in which the damming plate 17 is installed, the flow velocity of the tsunami W on the bottom surface 12B of the floating body is reduced, the pressure on the bottom surface 12B of the floating body is increased, and the pressure for floating the floating body 2B can be generated. The damming plate 17 may be installed so as to be resistant to the tsunami W, and the inclination direction and the like are not limited to the example illustrated in FIG.

  As described above, the evacuation floats 1, 1 </ b> A, and 1 </ b> B can float quickly and while suppressing the inclination when the tsunami W occurs. Therefore, the safety of evacuees and the like on the upper surface of the floating body can be improved. In addition, adoption of a mooring tower, a mooring wire, a wave-breaking wall, and the other above-mentioned structure etc. can be arbitrarily selected and determined according to the installation place of the evacuation float 1, 1A, 1B. For example, it is possible to employ both the mooring tower 3 and the mooring wire 5 at the same time. The combined use of the mooring tower 3 and the mooring wire 5 is particularly effective when the mooring tower 3 is installed in a place with a height restriction.

  Moreover, the floating body upper surface can be used for takeoff and landing of a helicopter or the like. Furthermore, it is good also as a structure which installs power generation equipment in a floating body. With this configuration, even when communication with the surroundings is interrupted when a tsunami occurs, power for communication can be used. In addition, when building a floating body as a block, the block at the outer edge of the floating body may be a buffer, and the block at the center of the floating body may be built as a facility such as a warehouse. With this configuration, the floating body has a double shell structure, and the possibility of being damaged by a tsunami and drifting material can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Float for evacuation 2 Floating body 3 Mooring tower 10 Floating body front 11 Mooring guide 12 Floating body bottom surface 13 Lifting girder 14 Floating body upper surface 15 Wave barrier 20 Tower front W Tsunami F Wave upper side R Wave lower side

Claims (4)

An evacuation float having a floating body which floats when a tsunami occurs, the floating body has a floating front facing the waves above on the upstream side in the traveling direction of the tsunami, the floating body front of the wave top In the evacuation float that is inclined and formed so that the angle formed by the front surface of the floating body and the still water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees ,
The evacuation float has a mooring tower disposed in the vicinity of both side surfaces of the floating body parallel to the traveling direction of the tsunami;
The mooring tower has a tower front facing the wave side;
The tower front is inclined to the wave lower side downstream of the traveling direction of the tsunami, and the angle formed by the tower front and the static water surface is 5 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees,
The floating body has a mooring guide that contacts the front of the tower, and when a tsunami occurs, the floating body is configured to float while moving downward along the slope of the front of the tower. Evacuation float characterized by . The floating body has a floating body bottom surface facing the ground surface;
The floating body bottom surface is inclined so that the wave lower side is lower than the wave upper side, and the angle formed by the floating body bottom surface and the stationary water surface is greater than 0 degree and 15 degrees or less. The evacuation float according to claim 1 . 3. The evacuation float according to claim 1 , wherein the floating body has a wave breaker installed on an upper surface of the floating body and along a wave-side end portion.   The said floating body has a raising girder comprised by the flat-shaped object installed in the bottom face of the said floating body, and parallel to the advancing direction of a tsunami. The evacuation float described in the paragraph.

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