TWI577605B - Evacuation raft - Google Patents

Description

Refuge

The present invention relates to an evasive floating raft having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs.

In the case of the tsunami, it is installed in the upper part of the land, and it is configured as an evacuation raft for floating when the tsunami arrives (see, for example, Patent Document 1). An example of this refuge floating raft is shown in FIG. In Fig. 8A, the usual evasive floating raft 1X is shown, and in Fig. 8B, the refuge floating raft 1X at the time of the arrival of the tsunami is shown. The refuge floating raft 1X has a plurality of mooring piles 13X which are deeply penetrated into the ground, and a floating raft 2X which is movable along the mooring pile 13X in the vertical direction. When the tsunami alarm or the like is issued, the asylum seeker 50 can use the step 51 to evacuate to the floating raft 2X. The floating raft 2X is configured to float when the tsunami arrives, by buoyancy from the surface 3 of the ground.

According to this configuration, the following effects can be obtained. First, since the floating raft 2X has a configuration that floats when the tsunami arrives, for example, even in the case where a tsunami of 5 m from the ground surface 3 occurs, the floating raft 2X can float 5 m to protect the refuge 50. (Refer to Figure 8B). Secondly, since the floating raft 2X is placed on the ground surface 3 and is located close to the ground surface 3, evacuation becomes easy (refer to FIG. 8A). In other words, if you climb the ladder 51 of the floating raft 2X, you can avoid the damage even if you reach the tsunami of the 2nd and 3rd floors of the building.

However, the above-mentioned refuge floating raft 1X has several problems. No. 1, in the tsunami When arriving, the floating raft 2X will be completely destroyed, and the problem of the evacuee 50 cannot be fully protected. This is caused by the fact that the floating raft 2X placed on the ground surface 3 is subjected to the horizontal direction of the tsunami on its side. In addition, drifting objects (fishing boats, cars, houses, etc.) that are transported by the tsunami may collide with the floating raft 2X, and the possibility that the raft 2X is destroyed is high.

Second, even if the asylum seeker 50 takes refuge on the raft 2X, there is still a possibility of being involved in the tsunami. This is due to the possibility of a tsunami passing above the floating raft 2X before the turbulence 2X is fully floated due to the tsunami. Here, for example, a fishing boat that encounters a tsunami at sea is less likely to suffer because it can move in the vertical direction as the tide level changes. However, in the case where the tsunami reaches the floating raft 2X set on the ground surface 3, there is a possibility that the floating raft 2X will be covered by the tsunami soon after it floats. Therefore, it is not very suitable as an actual shelter.

Thirdly, there is a problem that it is difficult to secure a place where the evasive floating raft 1X is installed. When considering the situation of land use in normal times, there are still many higher priority rankings than the setting of evasive floating raft 1X.

In addition to the above, the conventional refuge floating raft 1X has the possibility of failing to adequately protect the evacuees 50 at the time of the tsunami, and the difficulty in popularization.

[Patent Literature]

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2006-112089

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide An evasive floating raft is a floating body that can float when a tsunami occurs, and can reliably protect the evacuees, realize the rapid floating of the floating body, and popularize it, and can be installed in a large number.

The escaping floating raft of the present invention for achieving the above object has a floating body that can float when a tsunami occurs, and the refuge floating raft has a floating body and a sea side inclined surface which is attached to the floating body The sea side is formed from the ground surface to the upper surface of the floating body, and the sea side slope has a through hole through which seawater passes.

With this configuration, it is possible to prevent an accident in which the floating body is destroyed by a tsunami or drift. This is because the sea side slope with the through hole will weaken the force of the wave and prevent the drift from passing through. Moreover, it can easily ensure the place where the refuge is provided. This allows the vehicle or the like to travel on the floating body by setting the sea side slope.

In the ventilating raft for refuge, the escaping raft has a groove formed at a position lower than a surrounding surface, the floating body being disposed in the groove, and a water passage from the foregoing The surface of the ground on the sea side of the evasive seawater guides the seawater to the aforementioned groove.

According to this configuration, since the period of sufficient buoyancy of the floating body can be advanced, the asylum seeker can be safely protected. Further, since the height of the upper surface of the floating body is lowered, it is possible to easily install the evasive floating raft on a road or a parking lot.

In order to achieve the above object, the refuge floating raft of the present invention has a floating body that floats during the occurrence of a tsunami, and the escaping raft has a groove. The floating body is disposed at a position lower than the surrounding surface; the floating body is disposed in the groove; and the water receiving portion is formed at a position lower than a surrounding surface on the sea side of the refuge floating raft; and a waterway. The groove and the water intake portion are coupled to each other. With this configuration, buoyancy can be obtained in the early stage of the tsunami, so that the asylum seeker can be safely protected. Moreover, it is easy to ensure a place where evacuation is provided.

In the ventilating raft for refuge, the floating system is a container that is connected to each other by a metal member. By this, the construction period can be greatly shortened and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

According to the escaping floating raft of the present invention, it is possible to provide a evasive floating raft which can realize the rapid floating of the floating body, can reliably protect the evacuees, and can be widely used.

Hereinafter, the escaping floating raft according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 shows a side surface of the refuge floating raft 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1A (upper paragraph), the evasive raft 1 is displayed as usual, and in Fig. 1B (lower section), the evasive raft 1 at the time of occurrence of the tsunami is displayed. This refuge floating raft 1 has a floating body 2, an inclined sea side inclined surface 4 extending from the ground surface 3 to the upper surface of the floating body 2, and a foot portion 12 provided at a lower portion of the floating body 2. Further, a slope 5 may be provided on the land side of the floating body 2.

This sea side slope 4 has a through hole 11 through which the seawater passes. also, The sea side slope 4 is configured to prevent passage of drifting objects or the like that are washed by the tsunamis W. Specifically, a punching metal, a grid (iron lattice), or the like can be used.

The floating body 2 can be constructed of a material such as a steel plate or cement that constitutes a conventional floating trestle. Further, it is assumed that the size of the floating body 2 is, for example, about 30000 mm to 60000 mm in a plan view, a horizontal length of about 60000 mm to 90000 mm, and a height (thickness) of about 2000 mm to 5000 mm. Further, the length of the sea-side inclined surface 4 in the sea direction is set to be about 20,000 mm to 50,000 mm in plan view. Further, the foot portion 12 is set to a height of about 500 mm to 800 mm.

Moreover, the white arrow indicates the direction of the tsunami W, and the arrow indicates the image of the sea water flow. In addition, in FIG. 1, the right side is set to the sea side, and the left side is set to the land side.

Next, the action of the evasive floating raft 1 will be described. First, when an alarm of occurrence of a tsunami is issued, the asylum seeker moves to the floating body 2 by climbing the slopes 4, 5 on foot or by the vehicle 40 or the like. When the tsunami W arrives, the seawater flows through the through hole 11 of the sea side slope 4 to the lower side of the floating body 2 (refer to FIG. 1A). As the water level rises (water surface 6), the floating body 2 obtains buoyancy and floats (refer to FIG. 1B). Here, although the set leg portion 12 is fixed to the side of the floating body 2, it may be configured to fix the leg portion 12 to the side of the ground surface 3.

With the above configuration, the following effects can be obtained. First, the damage of the floating body 2 by the tsunami W can be prevented, and the asylum can be safely protected. This is because the sea-side inclined surface 4 having the through-holes 11 has the same effect as the wave-blocking block which moderates the impact of the tsunami W in the horizontal direction. Also, this sea side slope 4 prevents rubble and steam An accident occurred in which a drifting object such as a car or a house collided with the floating body 2.

Second, the floating body 2 can be quickly floated as the tsunami W arrives, and the asylum seeker can be safely protected. This is because the seawater can be moved to the lower side of the floating body 2 more easily by the foot portion 12 disposed under the floating body 2.

Thirdly, it is easy to ensure the place where the evasive floating raft 1 is installed. This is because the evasive floating raft 1 has the floating body 2 on which the vehicle 40 or the like can travel. That is, since the vehicle 40 can be moved to the evasive floating raft 1, the evasable raft 1 can be installed on the road or can be installed as a parking lot of a commercial facility. Further, the evasive floating raft 1 may be provided as a part of the bridge, a part of the overhead, or the like.

Moreover, the floating body 2 is preferably in the form of a growing square pontoon. With this configuration, manufacturing can be made easy, and the construction period can be shortened. Moreover, although the floating body 2 can be constructed as one body, it is preferable to construct a plurality of blocks, and the block body which can be assembled in the installation place of the evacuation floating raft 1 is constructed. By this, the construction period can be shortened and the engineering cost can be reduced.

An example of the refuge floating raft 1 is shown in FIG. The evasable floating raft 1 has a floating body 2, a sea side inclined surface 4 having a plurality of through holes 11, a land side inclined surface 5, and a mooring pile 13 and a mooring roller 14 for holding the floating body 2. Further, the lower portion of the floating body 2 has a leg portion 12.

As shown in FIG. 2, the structure of the floating body 2 and the mooring floating trestle and the like is similarly tied to the ground surface 3 by a chain or a mooring pile, and is not washed by the tsunami W in the horizontal direction. It is better. In particular, it is tied to the mooring pile 13 In this case, since the movement of the floating body 2 in the horizontal direction hardly occurs, the floating body 2 returns to the original position after the seawater is retracted. That is, the repair work after the tsunami becomes easy or unnecessary. Further, in the case where the water level reaches a height equal to or higher than the set value, the release mechanism may be provided to release the suspension body 2 from the mooring pile 13 or the chain retainer. Specifically, for example, when the floating body 2 floats beyond the height of the mooring pile 13, it may be configured to be detachable from the moped pile 13. Further, when a certain amount or more of force is applied to the mooring chain, it may be opened by a releasing mechanism constituted by a shear pin or the like, and the mooring of the floating body 2 may be released.

Moreover, the function of jacking up the jack and jacking down can be provided in the leg part 12. According to this configuration, even when the floating body 2 is tilted due to the depression of the ground or the like, the inclination of the floating body 2 can be adjusted.

Further, it is possible to form a structure in which the sea-side inclined surface 4 or the lower surface of the floating body 2 or the inside of the through-hole 11 is provided with a fin for rectifying seawater. For example, in the direction of the sea side toward the floating body 2, the fins may be arranged in a longitudinal direction and vertically suspended below the sea side inclined surface 4 or the floating body 2. According to this configuration, it is possible to prevent the seawater from rolling up the vortex under the sea side inclined surface 4 and the floating body 2, and the floating body 2 cannot quickly obtain buoyancy.

Further, a side edge 16 such as a floating body 2 may be provided on the lower side of the floating body 2 (refer to FIG. 3). This side edge 16 is provided to prevent intrusion of rubble or the like between the floating body 2 and the ground surface 3. The side edge 16 is preferably made of, for example, a metal, a resin or a rubber mesh to form a bellows. Moreover, the side edge 16 is configured as When the floating body 2 floats (refer to FIG. 3B), the lower end does not deviate from the ground surface 3.

With this configuration, the current flow under the floating body 2 can be rectified like the above-mentioned fins. Further, since it can prevent rubble or the like from intruding under the floating body 2, the repair work becomes easy. In particular, as shown in Fig. 2, it is preferable to provide the side edge 16 on the side surface of the floating body 2 where the inclined faces 4, 5 are not provided. Further, the side edge 16 may be provided on the side of the floating body 2 on which the inclined faces 4, 5 are provided.

Fig. 4 is a side view showing the evacuation raft 1a according to a different embodiment of the present invention. 4A (upper paragraph) shows the evasive floating raft 1a in the normal time, and FIG. 4B (the lower stage) shows the evasable floating raft 1a at the time of the occurrence of the tsunami. The refuge floating raft 1a has a groove 20 formed by digging down to a ground surface 3a which is lower than the surrounding ground surface 3; the floating body 2 is disposed in the groove 20; and the inclined water path 21, The seawater is guided to the trough 20 from the surface 3 of the sea side.

Next, the operation of the evacuation raft 1a will be described. First, when the tsunami W reaches the evacuation raft 1a, the seawater is preferentially guided to the water path 21 and moved into the groove 20 (refer to FIG. 4A). At the same time, the seawater passing through the through hole 11 (not shown) through the sea side inclined surface 4 also flows into the groove 20. Compared with the surrounding ground surface 3, the water level from the ground surface 3a in the groove 20 rises rapidly, and the floating body 2 floats (refer to Fig. 4B).

With the above configuration, the following effects can be obtained. First, since the period in which the buoyant body 2 is sufficiently buoyant becomes earlier, the asylum seeker can be safely protected.

Secondly, since the height of the upper surface of the floating body 2 with respect to the ground surface 3 is low, the inclined surfaces 4, 5 can be made shorter, and the inclination of the inclined surfaces 4, 5 can be moderated. form. Therefore, the evacuation raft 1a can be easily installed in a road, a parking lot, or the like.

Further, the upper surface of the floating body 2 may be higher at a position higher than the surrounding surface 3 or at a position higher than the ground surface 3. When the upper surface of the floating body 2 is at the same height as the surrounding ground surface 3, the degree of freedom of the installation place of the evacuation floating raft 1a can be greatly improved.

An example of the evacuation floating raft 1a is shown in Fig. 5 . The evasable floating raft 1a has a floating body 2, a sea side inclined surface 4, a plurality of inclined surfaces 5 provided at positions other than the sea side of the floating body 2, and a water passage 21 that introduces seawater into the tank 20 (not shown) from the ground surface.

Here, only the sea side inclined surface 4 is used as the inclined surface having the through hole 11, and the other direction is constituted by a member which is impervious to water such as cement. With this configuration, the seawater can be actively retained in the lower side of the floating body 2, and the period in which the floating body 2 floats is advanced. In addition, two configurations in which the Shanghai side inclined surface 4 is provided in the evacuation floating raft 1a may be employed. In the case where there is a possibility that seawater flows in from two or more directions, the period in which the floating body 2 floats can be advanced.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a refuge floating raft 1b according to a different embodiment of the present invention. The evasable floating raft 1b has a groove 20 formed at a position lower than the ground surface 3, a floating body 2 disposed in the groove 20, and a water taking portion 22 closer to the sea than the floating body 2, and The water path 21b is connected to the water intake portion 22 and the groove 20 at a position lower than the ground surface 3. The water intake portion 22 has a water intake plate 23 formed of a grill or the like on the upper surface. The water intake plate 23 may have seawater passing through like the aforementioned sea side slope 4, but does not allow drifting or the like to pass therethrough. Composition.

Further, the floating body 2 has an upper structure such as a building 41, a storage 42, and a parking lot 43. The floating body 2 further has a groove covering the floating body 2 and the ground surface 3, and a flap 15 for facilitating passage of a vehicle or the like.

Next, the action of the evasive floating raft 1b will be described. First, when the tsunami reaches the water intake portion 22, the seawater flows into the water intake portion 22. The seawater along the water passage 21b reaches the tank 20 due to an increase in the moving speed. The floating body 2 obtains buoyancy by the seawater filled in the tank 20, and starts to float.

Because of the above configuration, the following effects can be obtained. First, since the floating body 2 can obtain buoyancy in the early stage of the tsunami, it can safely protect the asylum seekers. This is because the seawater moving along the water path 21b is faster than the tsunami moving on the ground surface 3. Therefore, it is preferable that the water intake portion 22 is formed in a place close to the sea.

Secondly, it is easy to ensure the place where the evacuation floating raft 1b is installed. This is because the building 41 of the evasable floating raft 1b can be used at ordinary times. Specifically, for example, the building 41 can be a public institution such as a city government, a library, and a children's house. The storage 42 is formed of a prefabricated building or the like, and it is preferable to store items such as hard food or blankets.

Further, if the following waterway is used as the water passage 21b or the like, on the one hand, the newly required work and the like can be reduced, and on the other hand, the evacuation raft 1b can be provided. Further, the tank 20 may be preliminarily filled with seawater or a highly viscous fluid (saturated sodium chloride solution or the like). By this, the floating body 2 can be obtained earlier in the tsunami. Buoyancy. Further, by the configuration of the fluid having a high viscosity, even if the groove 20 is cracked by the influence of the earthquake, the fluid can be prevented from flowing out of the groove 20, and the floating body 2 can be stably floated.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a floating body 2c according to a different embodiment of the present invention. The floating body 2c during construction is shown in Fig. 7A, and the constructed floating body 2c is shown in Fig. 7B. The floating body 2c has a container 30 that is previously subjected to water sealing processing, a connecting metal member 31 that connects the container 30 (for example, a connecting metal member called a twist lock or a stacking cone), and a connecting plate 32. This container 30 is a container for offshore transportation, for example, a 20-inch container and a 40-inch container.

Next, the construction method of the floating body 2c will be described. First, the opening and closing of the container 30 is closed, and water sealing processing is applied. The container 30 is overlapped in the vertical direction while being fixed to each other by the twist lock 31. Here, the twist lock 31 is inserted into a metal member formed in the through hole of the container 30 and fixed, and the containers 30 are coupled to each other in the vertical direction. Further, a connecting plate 32 is provided between the containers 30 which are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, and is fixed by the twist lock 31. The web 32 may be formed of a steel plate or the like and used to connect the containers 30 side by side in the horizontal direction. Thereafter, the large and small blocks that are connected to be transported on land are transported to the installation place of the evacuation floating raft 1 . In this installation place, a plurality of blocks are connected by the twist lock 31 and the connecting plate 32. The above-described steps are used to construct the floating body 2c constituted by the container 30 (refer to FIG. 7B).

According to this configuration, since the floating body 2c can be constructed using the specifications of the container 30, the construction period can be greatly shortened and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.

1, 1a, 1b‧‧‧ refuge

1X‧‧‧ refuge raft

2, 2c‧‧‧ floating body

2X‧‧‧Floating

3, 3a‧‧‧ ground surface

4‧‧‧ sea side slope

5‧‧‧Land side bevel

6‧‧‧ water surface

11‧‧‧through holes

12‧‧‧ feet

13‧‧‧Tethered pile

13X‧‧‧Tethered pile

14‧‧‧Retaining the wheel

15‧‧‧ flaps

16‧‧‧lateral edge

20‧‧‧ slots

21, 21b‧‧‧ Waterway

22‧‧‧Water Department

23‧‧‧ water board

30‧‧‧ Containers

31‧‧‧Connected metal components (twisted lock)

32‧‧‧Link board

40‧‧‧ Vehicles

41‧‧‧Buildings

42‧‧‧Storage

43‧‧‧Parking

50‧‧‧ Asylum seekers

51‧‧‧Ladder

W‧‧‧ tsunami

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a side surface of a refuge floating raft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a raft for refuge according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a raft for refuge according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a side surface of a refuge floating raft according to a different embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a raft for refuge according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a raft for refuge according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a floating body for escaping floating rafts according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a side surface of a conventional refuge floating raft.

1‧‧‧Refuge raft

2‧‧‧ floating body

3‧‧‧ Ground surface

4‧‧‧ sea side slope

5‧‧‧Land side bevel

6‧‧‧ water surface

11‧‧‧through holes

12‧‧‧ feet

40‧‧‧ Vehicles

W‧‧‧ tsunami

Claims (4)

An evasive floating raft having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs, wherein the escaping raft has a floating body, a chain or a mooring pile, and the floating body is tied to the ground surface And a sea-side inclined surface formed on the sea surface of the floating body from the ground surface to the upper surface of the floating body, wherein the sea-side inclined surface has a through hole passing through the seawater, and is disposed to cover the entire sea side surface of the floating body. An evasive floating raft having a floating body that floats when a tsunami occurs, wherein the escaping raft has a floating body and a sea side slanting surface on the sea side of the floating body from the ground surface to the aforementioned Formed on the upper surface of the floating body, the sea side inclined surface has a through hole passing through the seawater, and the evacuation floating raft has a groove formed at a position lower than a surrounding surface, wherein the floating body is disposed in the groove; The waterway guides the seawater to the groove from the surface of the sea side of the raft for refuge. The escaping floating raft according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the floating body and the sea slope are separated from each other. The escaping floating raft according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating system is a container that is connected to each other by a metal member.