JP5089364B2 - Wheel wear amount measuring method and wheel wear amount measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the amount of wear on a vehicle hub mounting surface of a wheel.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state where the wheel 1 is attached to the vehicle hub 2.
The vehicle hub 2 includes a hub main body 2a to which a drive shaft (not shown) is fitted, and a flange portion 2b protruding in the axial direction from the hub main body 2a. A plurality of bolts 2c for connecting the wheel 1 and the vehicle hub 2 are projected from the flange portion 2b in a ring shape with a predetermined interval in a direction perpendicular to the flange portion 2b.
The wheel 1 includes a disk portion 1a in which bolt insertion holes 1h for inserting and fixing the plurality of bolts 2c are formed in an annular shape with a predetermined interval, and an outer edge side of the disk portion 1a. A rim portion 1b for mounting the tire 3; the bolt 2c is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 1h and screwed into the wheel nut 1n to fix the wheel 1 and the vehicle hub 2; Conclude.
Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), there is an offset between the load center of the tire during straight traveling and the connection point between the wheel 1 and the vehicle hub 2, so that it is shown in FIG. 7 (b). Thus, the disk part 1a of the wheel 1 receives a force that is crushed in the vertical direction from the road surface. As a result, in the cross section perpendicular to the road surface (the AA cross section in the same figure), as shown in FIG. 7C, the disk portion 1a is deformed so as to fall toward the vehicle hub 2, and the cross section parallel to the road surface ( 7 (b), the disk portion 1a is deformed so as to fall on the side opposite to the vehicle hub 2 side, as shown in FIG. 7 (d). On the other hand, there is almost no deformation in the annular region in which the bolt insertion hole 1h which is the bolt fastening portion of the disk portion 1a is formed.
While the vehicle is traveling, distortion due to the above deformation repeatedly occurs, so that the vehicle hub mounting surface 1 </ b> S, which is a surface that contacts the vehicle hub 2 on the back surface side of the wheel 1, wears out. In such a vehicle hub mounting surface 1S, a phenomenon in which a distant portion with the bolt fastening portion as a center of vibration wears out is generally called fretting wear, and particularly in heavy load wheels such as trucks and buses. It is remarkable.
FIG. 8 schematically shows the state of fretting wear on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S. The vehicle hub mounting surface 1S is divided into three regions depending on the fretting wear state. A substantially annular area (outline area; surrounded by a circle connecting the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the bolt insertion hole 1h of the disk portion 1a and a circle connecting the inner side in the wheel radial direction, indicated by the symbol R in FIG. In the following, the region R) is not worn out because it hardly deforms. On the other hand, the region M, which is the outer region in the wheel radial direction of the region R, and the region N, which is the inner region in the wheel radial direction, are worn away, and in particular, in the region M on the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the region R. Large amount of wear.
In addition, since the regions M and N of the wheel 1 do not rotate in close contact with the vehicle hub 2 and do not contact with each other, the wear is further promoted and the regions M and N of the vehicle hub 2 Opposing parts are worn away. Since the wear of the disk portion 1a becomes deeper than a predetermined amount (for example, 0.35 mm) due to wear due to traveling for a long time, the durability of the wheel 1 deteriorates, so the wheel 1 is replaced. There is a need.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, an indicator of fretting wear is provided on the outer peripheral side of the bolt insertion hole 50 h for inserting the bolt 2 c provided in the vehicle hub 2 on the contact surface side of the wheel 50 with the vehicle hub 2. Whether a wheel 50 formed with a recess 51 having a depth of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm was manufactured, and the degree of fretting wear was estimated from the change in the depth of the recess 51, so that the wheel 50 reached the use limit. A method of determining whether or not is proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-91001

However, in the method of forming the concave portion 51 on the contact surface side of the wheel 50 with the vehicle hub 2, the concave portion 51 becomes the center of wear, and there is a possibility that wear is accelerated.
The contact surface of the wheel 50 with the vehicle hub 2 is placed on a surface plate or other surface with a smooth surface, and an inspector inserts a gap gauge between the contact surface and the surface plate to measure the degree of fretting wear. However, since the gap is as narrow as 0.3 mm or less, not only must a high-precision gap gauge with a large number of gauges be used for accurate measurement, but also a certain level of skill. Was necessary. Further, when the contact surface is wavy, there is a drawback that the degree of wear cannot be evaluated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for easily and accurately measuring the wear amount of a contact surface of a wheel with a vehicle hub due to fretting wear. To do.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application measures the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface in a wheel having a plurality of bolt insertion holes arranged in a ring shape at predetermined intervals in the vehicle hub mounting portion of the disk surface. A contact member having a planar contact surface is formed by connecting a circle connecting the outer sides of the plurality of bolt insertion holes in the wheel radial direction and a circle connecting the inner sides of the plurality of bolt insertion holes in the wheel radial direction. In contact with at least two places in a substantially annular region surrounded by a bar-shaped contact member in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface on a portion outside the substantially annular region, measuring the amount of protrusion from the abutment surface of the bar-shaped contact member, the measured amount of projection is characterized in that the wear amount of the wheel.

The invention according to claim 2 measures the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface of a wheel having a plurality of bolt insertion holes arranged in an annular shape at a predetermined interval in the vehicle hub mounting portion of the disk surface. An apparatus for measuring the amount of wear of a wheel, comprising: a circle connecting the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the plurality of bolt insertion holes and a circle connecting the inner side in the wheel radial direction of the plurality of bolt insertion holes on the vehicle hub mounting surface. An abutting member having an abutting surface that abuts at least two of the enclosed substantially annular region; and an abrasion amount measuring means mounted on the abutting member, the abrasion amount measuring means being A rod-shaped contact member extending in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface; a support member attached to the contact member and movably supporting the rod-shaped contact member in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface; and the rod-shaped contact member Measuring means for measuring the amount of movement of the contact member Characterized in that it comprises a.
According to a third aspect of the invention, a wear measuring device of the wheel according to claim 2, said contact member is in block-like or tubular member provided with the above abutment surface parallel to the mounting surface It is characterized by being.
A fourth aspect of the present invention is the wheel wear amount measuring apparatus according to the third aspect, wherein the contact member has a rectangular contact surface.
A fifth aspect of the present invention is the wheel wear amount measuring apparatus according to the third aspect, wherein the contact member has an annular contact surface.

According to the present invention, the contact member having a flat surface shape of the contact surface, substantially annular surrounded by the circle connecting the inner circle and the wheel radial direction connecting the outer wheel radial direction of the bolt insertion hole is brought into contact in at least two places in the region of the sites outside of the substantially annular region, with a rod-shaped contact member comprising a measuring element is brought into contact with the fixed point measuring perpendicular or found in the abutment surface, measuring the amount of protrusion from the abutment surface of the bar-shaped contact member, since the measured amount of projection was worn amount of the wheel, the wear amount of the contact surface between the vehicle hub of the wheel by fretting wear easily And can be measured with high accuracy.
At this time, if the contact member is provided with an attachment surface parallel to the contact surface, and the probe is attached to the attachment surface so as to be movable in a vertical direction, the rod-like contact member is attached to the contact surface. It can be easily placed perpendicular to the surface.
Further, if the contact surface of the contact member is rectangular, the apparatus can be reduced in weight, and the apparatus can be easily handled and carried.
Further, if the shape of the contact surface is annular, a plurality of measuring elements can be attached to the contact member, so that a large number of locations can be measured at a time.

Hereinafter, the best mode of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a wheel wear amount measuring apparatus 10 according to the best mode. In FIG. 1, 11 is a contact member, 12 is a linear gauge as wear amount measuring means, and 13 is a linear gauge 12. It is a support member to support.
The contact member 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped member, and the lower surface shown by 11a in FIG. The contact surface 11a is a smooth flat surface that comes into contact with a surface (vehicle hub mounting surface) that contacts the vehicle hub on the rear surface side of the wheel 1 when the wheel wear amount is measured. Moreover, the upper surface shown by 11b in the figure is an attachment surface for attaching the linear gauge 12, and the contact surface 11a and the attachment surface 11b are parallel to each other. On one end side of the contact member 11, a through hole 11p perpendicular to the contact surface 11a and a hole 11q perpendicular to the contact surface 11a are formed. The through hole 11p is for moving a probe 12c of a linear gauge 12 described later, and the hole 11q is for inserting a column 13a of a support member 13 described later.
The linear gauge 12 includes a sensor unit 12A, a measurement unit 12B, and a display unit 12C. FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a basic configuration of the sensor unit 12A. 12a is a box-shaped storage body, 12b is a cylinder, 12c is a bar-shaped measuring element, and 12d is a spring member. The measuring element 12c includes a piston 12e that moves in the cylinder 12b. Between the piston 12e and the bottom surface 12k of the cylinder 12b, a spring member 12d that urges the piston 12c in the protruding direction is provided. Has been placed. Further, the end of the cylinder 12b opposite to the bottom surface protrudes from the housing 12a, and both ends of the measuring element 12c are connected to the bottom surface 12k of the cylinder 12b and the cylinder 12b from the opposite side to the bottom surface. It protrudes to the outside of 12b.
The gauge head 12c, in a free state, a state where one end protrudes by a length L ₀ from the housing body 12a. As shown in FIG. 2B, the linear gauge 12 is normally a reference surface S on which a stand 13D is placed on a stand 13D corresponding to a support member 13 which will be described later. It is attached to be perpendicular to ₀ . The gauge head 12c when the tip end of the tracing stylus 12c is in contact with the reference plane S ₀ and the protrusion amount _{L s (L s <L 0} ), as shown in FIG. 2 (c), of the feeler 12c When the protruding amount of the probe 12c when the tip is in contact with the measurement surface S is L, L−L _s is a step between the reference surface S ₀ and the measurement surface S.
A mark 12m indicating a reference position is provided on the other end side of the measuring element 12c. In the measurement unit 12B, for example, using a sensor such as an optical sensor, the position of the mark 12m that moves according to the protruding amount of the measuring element 12c is read, and the L and L _s are measured. -L _s is calculated. The display unit 12C displays the calculated value of (L−L _s ) on a display device (not shown) such as an LCD.
The support member 13 includes a column 13a and a support piece 13b. The column 13a is a columnar member having one end extending perpendicularly to the contact surface 11a inserted into the hole 11q perpendicular to the contact surface 11a, and the support piece 13b is a cylinder 12b of the linear gauge 12. This is a block-like member in which a first through hole 13c into which the first through hole 13c is inserted and a second through hole 13d into which the support column 13a is inserted are formed.

Next, a method for measuring the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface of the wheel using the wear amount measuring apparatus 10 having the above configuration will be described.
As shown in FIG. 8, the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S, which is a contact surface of the wheel 1 with the vehicle hub, connects the circle connecting the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the bolt insertion hole 1h of the disk portion 1a and the inner side in the wheel radial direction. In the substantially annular region R surrounded by the circle, the wear amount is almost 0 mm. On the other hand, the annular region M on the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the region R and the annular region N on the inner side in the wheel radial direction are worn out. In this example, a case will be described in which the wear amount of the annular region M outside the region R in the wheel radial direction, which is a region with a large wear amount, is measured.
First, as shown in FIG. 3A, the wear amount measuring device 10 is placed on the reference surface 20a of the surface plate 20 having a smooth surface, and the origin is set (zero set). Since the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 is also a smooth flat surface, there is no gap between the reference surface 20a and the contact surface 11a. Therefore, since the tip of the measuring element 12c of the linear gauge 12 that contacts the reference surface 20a of the surface plate 20 is the position of the contacting surface 11a, the tip position of the measuring element 12c at this time is used as the reference position. . That is, the display unit 12C displays that the depth is “0 mm” when the tip of the probe 12c is at the above position.
Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the wheel 1 for measuring the wear amount is placed on the measuring table 30 so that the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S is on the upper side, and the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S is rusted and soiled. Remove. The rust and dirt on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S may be removed in advance before the wheel 1 is placed on the measuring table 30.
Next, as shown in FIGS. 3C and 3D, the wear amount measuring device 10 is placed on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1 </ b> S of the wheel 1. In FIG. 3D, the step between the region R and the region M and the step between the region R and the region N are enlarged and displayed in order to clarify the worn portion.
When the wear amount measuring device 10 is placed on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1, the measuring element 12c of the linear gauge 12 is positioned in an annular region M that is a region where the wear amount is large. At the same time, a portion of the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 that is located on the center side in the length direction from the measuring element 12c, indicated by reference numeral 12p in FIG. 3D, and a reference numeral 12q in FIG. It suffices for the contact member 11 shown in the figure to be located in an annular region R where the wear amount is zero, in the vicinity of the end opposite to the probe 12c. At this time, if a “marking line” 11L indicating the attachment position of the probe 12c is attached in advance to the side surface 11c of the contact member 11, the tip of the probe 12c is surely placed in the annular region M. Can be positioned.
Thereby, the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 is positioned on a plane formed by the annular region R, and the tip of the measuring element 12c extends from the contact surface 11a to the vehicle hub mounting surface of the wheel 1. It protrudes to the 1S side and abuts on the surface of the annular region M. At this time, the protruding amount of the probe 12c is displayed on the display portion 12C (see FIG. 1). This amount of protrusion is the amount of wear of the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 itself. Therefore, the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 can be measured by a simple operation of placing the wear amount measuring device 10 on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1.
The determination of the degree of wear is performed by appropriately shifting the position where the wear amount measuring device 10 is mounted, measuring the wear amount at a plurality of points in the annular region M, detecting the maximum friction amount, and detecting the detected maximum When the friction amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (for example, 0.35 mm), it is determined that the wheel 1 exceeds the limit wear amount.

  Thus, according to this best mode, the measuring element 12c of the linear gauge 12 is attached to the rectangular parallelepiped contact member 11 so as to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11. The wear amount measuring device 10 is positioned in an annular region M where the tip of the measuring element 12c is a region where the wear amount is large, and the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 is a bolt insertion hole of the wheel 1. The measurement is performed on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 to be measured so as to be in contact with a substantially annular region R surrounded by a circle connecting the outer side in the wheel radial direction and a circle connecting the inner side in the wheel radial direction. Since the protrusion amount of the child 12c from the contact surface 11a is measured and displayed, the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 can be accurately measured with a simple operation.

In the best mode, the measuring element 12c of the linear gauge 12 is a substantially circle surrounded by a circle connecting the outer side in the wheel radial direction of the bolt insertion hole 1h of the disk portion 1a and a circle connecting the inner side in the wheel radial direction. Although the case where the wear amount measuring device 10 is placed so as to be located in the annular region M, which is a region with a large wear amount, outside the annular region R has been described, the measuring element 12c is connected to the annular region R. If the amount of wear inside the region R is measured in an annular region N that is relatively small, the amount of wear inside the wheel radial direction of the bolt insertion hole 1h of the disk portion 1a can also be measured. In this case, the vicinity of both end surfaces of the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 contacts the region R.
In the above example, the linear gauge 12 is used as the wear amount measuring means. However, for example, a gauge configured to move or expand and contract and measure the amount of movement or expansion and contraction, such as a dial gauge. Other gauges may be used. Alternatively, a measuring instrument such as a micrometer head is mounted on the contact member 11, the spindle of the micrometer head is protruded from the contact surface 11 a, and the tip of the spindle is a circle where the amount of wear is large. You may measure the protrusion amount when it contacts the surface of the cyclic | annular area | region M. FIG.
In the above example, the shape of the contact member 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped shape with the contact surface 11a being rectangular. However, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the contact surface 11a is annular or triangular. It is good also as polygonal shapes, such as. The point is that the abutting surface 11a of the abutting member 11 is a smooth flat surface and the measuring element 12c is arranged perpendicular to the abutting surface 11a. In the measurement, the rectangular contact surface 11a is lighter and easier to handle and convenient to carry. On the other hand, if the shape of the contact surface 11a is an annular shape or a polygonal shape, the apparatus itself becomes large. However, not only can the contact member 11 be stably installed on the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S, but also the contact member. Since a plurality of linear gauges 12 can be attached to 11, there is an advantage that a large number of locations can be measured at once. The contact surface 11a may be configured to have a single linear gauge 12 attached to the annular or polygonal contact member 11, and measure the rotation while rotating the contact member 11. is there.
Further, instead of the abutting member 11, a block having support points that are in contact with each other at three points in the annular region R is used, and in this block, the measuring element 12c is perpendicular to the surface constituting the three support points. It is good also as a structure which attached the linear gauge 12 so that it might arrange | position.
In the above example, the linear gauge 12 is fixed to the contact member 11, but the linear gauge 12 is attached to the contact member 11 so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis parallel to a direction perpendicular to the contact surface 11a. Also good. Thereby, the amount of wear at a plurality of locations can be measured without moving the contact member 11.
Further, the contact member 11 and the support member 13 are omitted, the linear gauge 12 is fixed to the stand, and the length of the collar portion of the stand is made variable so that the height of the point in the annular region R is The height of the point in the annular region M or the height of the point in the annular region N may be measured, and the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 may be measured from the difference.

In the above example, the case where the wear amount measuring device 10 measures the wear amount of the vehicle hub mounting surface 1S of the wheel 1 has been described. However, the wear amount measuring device 10 according to the present invention can be applied to the wheel contact surface of the vehicle hub 2. The amount of abrasion can also be measured.
That is, at the flange portion 2 b of the vehicle hub 2, like the wheel 1, the outer side of the connecting bolt 2 c wears between the wheel 1 and the vehicle hub 2. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5A, the crescent-shaped portion 2R corresponding to the bolt insertion hole 1h of the wheel 1 remains without being worn on the outside of the connecting bolt 2c. Therefore, the amount of wear on the wheel contact surface of the vehicle hub 2 can be obtained by measuring the step between the crescent-shaped portion 2R and its surroundings using the wear amount measuring device 10.
Since the extension direction of the connecting bolt 2c is perpendicular to the surface of the flange portion 2b before abrasion, the side surface 11c of the contact member 11 of the abrasion amount measuring device 10 is provided as shown in FIGS. If arranged along two adjacent connecting bolts 2c, the contact surface 11a of the contact member 11 is parallel to the plane formed by the crescent-shaped portion 2R. Therefore, if the measuring element 12c is positioned in a portion where the wear on the outside of the crescent-shaped part 2R is large and the abutting surface 11a is in contact with the crescent-shaped part 2R, the measuring element 12c is It protrudes from the abutting surface 11a by a distance corresponding to the distance between the plane formed by the shaped portion 2R and the portion where the wear is large. This protrusion amount is displayed on the display unit 12C (see FIG. 1) of the wear amount measuring apparatus 10. Therefore, the wear amount of the vehicle hub 2 can be measured with a simple operation.
The degree of wear is determined by measuring the wear amount for each connecting bolt 2c and detecting the maximum friction amount. If the detected maximum friction amount is a predetermined value or more, the wheel to be attached is a new one. Even if there is a wheel, the durability of the wheel is lowered, so it is determined that it is necessary to inspect the hub.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the wear amount of the contact surface of the wheel with the vehicle hub due to fretting wear can be measured easily and accurately, so that the efficiency of the wheel wear inspection can be improved. In addition, since the wheel replacement time can be determined easily and accurately, the safety of the vehicle can be improved.

It is a figure which shows the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the wheel which concerns on the best form of this invention. It is a figure which shows the basic composition of a sensor part. It is a figure which shows the measuring method of the abrasion amount of the wheel which concerns on this best form. It is a figure which shows the other example of the abrasion amount measuring apparatus of the wheel which concerns on this best form. It is a figure which shows an example of the measuring method of the abrasion amount of a vehicle hub. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which attached the wheel to the vehicle hub. It is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation state of the wheel at the time of driving | running | working. It is the figure which showed typically the state of the fretting wear in the vehicle hub attachment surface of a wheel. It is a figure which shows the determination method of the abrasion amount of the conventional wheel.

Explanation of symbols

1 wheel, 2 vehicle hub, 1S vehicle hub mounting surface, 1a disc part,
1b rim part, 1h bolt insertion hole, 10 wheel wear amount measuring device,
11 Contact member, 11a Contact surface, 11b Mounting surface, 11c Side surface, 11p Through-hole,
11q hole, 11L marking wire, 12 linear gauge, 12A sensor,
12B measurement unit, 12C display unit, 12a storage body, 12b cylinder,
12c probe, 12d spring member, 12m mark, 13 support member,
13D stand, 13a strut, 13b support piece, 13c first through hole,
13d Second through-hole, 20 surface plate, 20a Reference surface of surface plate, 30 measuring table.

Claims (5)

A method for measuring a wear amount of a vehicle hub mounting surface in a wheel having a plurality of bolt insertion holes arranged in an annular shape at a predetermined interval on a vehicle hub mounting portion of a disk surface,
The abutting member having a planar abutting surface is substantially surrounded by a circle connecting the outer sides of the plurality of bolt insertion holes in the wheel radial direction and a circle connecting the inner sides of the plurality of bolt insertion holes in the wheel radial direction. The rod-shaped contact member is brought into contact with at least two locations in the annular region, and a rod-shaped contact member is brought into contact with a portion outside the substantially annular region from a direction perpendicular to the contact surface. the amount of projection of the contact surface was measured, wear amount measuring method of the wheel, characterized by the measured amount of projection and wear amount of the wheel. An apparatus for measuring a wear amount of a vehicle hub mounting surface in a wheel having a plurality of bolt insertion holes arranged annularly at a predetermined interval on a vehicle hub mounting portion on a disk surface, the vehicle hub mounting surface A contact surface that contacts at least two locations in a substantially annular region surrounded by a circle connecting the outside of the bolt insertion hole in the wheel radial direction and a circle connecting the inside of the bolt insertion hole in the wheel radial direction. A contact member, and a wear amount measuring unit mounted on the contact member, the wear amount measuring unit extending in a direction perpendicular to the contact surface; and the contact member wherein a support member of the contact member of the rodlike movably supported in a direction perpendicular to the abutment surface mounted, in that it comprises measuring means for measuring a moving amount of the rod-shaped contact member Wheel wear measurement device. 3. The wheel wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the contact member is a block-shaped or cylindrical member having a mounting surface parallel to the contact surface. 4. The wheel wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the contact member has a rectangular contact surface. 4. The wheel wear amount measuring apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the contact member has an annular contact surface.

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