JP5085967B2 - Dryer and biomass system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to energy-saving drying suitable for solving the problems of biomass and food by-products and carbonization, gasification, solid fuel technology, and practical use of biomass.
This technology is useful for biomass use in the fields of agriculture and forestry, environmental purification materials, and building materials, which have been limited to high costs including collection and transportation systems. Utilization of various raw materials by reducing drying costs and carbonization costs, and thinning, pruning, grass and wood waste, processing waste materials such as agricultural and forestry by-products, food processing by-products, waste paper, fiber, organic waste, mud, etc. Make effective use of resources, save labor, and save energy.

The inventor's Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-219324 is an activated carbon adsorption purification device that uses both the main air flow and the short-circuit flow passing through the particle layer. Inventor's Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-021005 similarly uses a short-circuit flow in drying garbage. Patent application title: Biomass semi-carbonized compact fuel precursor and method for producing biomass semi-carbonized compact fuel JP 2005-239907 Biomass semi-carbonized fuel production method (carbonization and semi-carbonization at 300 to 500 ° C.) Ulmanns Encyclopaedie d, tech. Chem. 8 581 (1957) Relation between carbonization temperature and yield of wood 200 ℃ 91.8%, 250 ℃ 65.2%, 300 ℃ 51.4%, 400 ℃ 37.8%. Perry`s Chemical Engineer`s Handbook: (Section 20) Solid Drying and Gas Solid System Takaoka Pyrolysis of organic carbonaceous materials Low-temperature combustion chemical equipment (7) 39 (1996)

A conventional drying apparatus directly or indirectly contacts a material to be dried such as biomass or waste mud with hot air generated using fuel or electric power. Although this method requires high efficiency by comprehensive profit, there are recent land costs, energy prices, and soaring, and in combination with the original high cost of collecting and transporting biomass, it is becoming increasingly difficult to make fuel and raw materials.
In the food field, there are a natural-air ventilation drying method and a sun-drying method. However, since the space is low and the efficiency is low, it is limited to those that produce expensive food like food in the production area.
The present invention is a low-cost, easy-to-dry, volume-reducing, collecting, transporting, and accumulating a variety of biomass raw materials with a versatile drying device to improve profitability, and carbonization and gasification combustion combined with this Makes it easier to expand, use and process unused resources. Utilization of unused resources such as thinned wood, undergrowth, agricultural and forestry by-products, food processing by-products, pruning waste from urban greening, added value, and environmental improvement. For this reason, it is also possible to make economization of small carbonization combustion (or gasification combustion) by dry matter, carbide, semi-carbide raw fuel, connected furnace or integral furnace from local dry procurement of raw materials.

Biomass is rarely generated per unit land area, and generally has a large amount of water, sometimes 90% of water and bulky, so it costs collection, transportation and accumulation. Therefore, it is said that using wood chips for overseas pulp as fuel is cheaper than domestic biomass.
In terms of drying, unfavorable natural conditions in Japan, low temperature, rainy season, and rain made it difficult to dry naturally. Therefore, we would like to make it possible to use economical biomass by using power, heat source and exhaust heat separately as needed in low temperature and high humidity areas and seasons. Conventionally, there has been no method for mass supply, recovery and use of powder particles and molded products (flakes, pellets, strips, aggregates, etc.). In order to enable the use of small-sized low-temperature waste heat, the drying equipment component material can be easily configured by supplying technology, main components or parts, taking into account manual operations, waste, waste, and thinning use. I want to do it.

The reason why the technology that enables the use of multipurpose and various raw materials is required is because the utilization of biomass raw materials and the like is not progressing. In the past, in addition to the high cost of collection, transportation and storage, quality was unstable, difficult to standardize, and the characteristics of biomass that was handled as waste resulted in inability to freely purchase raw materials, ship products, and adjust the market. Therefore, homogenization of raw materials, conversion of different types of raw materials to homogeneous materials, lower costs for collection and transportation, securing product sales channels by diversifying applications, and further reducing production processes and costs of product use. It was necessary to be able to dispose of the product as a fuel. As a premise to make these possible, it was necessary to significantly reduce the operating costs including equipment, power, personnel collection and transportation costs, and collection costs. Depending on the various local conditions of biomass generation, the type and amount of raw material biomass, the equipment performance can be easily converted and adjusted, added and moved easily, low cost, safe, low power, especially high moisture I would like to use natural energy for Okara, fresh leaves, fresh wood, vegetation, water-containing mud, etc.

The present invention solves such problems, and the drying apparatus facilitates the charging and discharging of the material to be dried to the apparatus, and can cope with the diversity of production of biomass and the like, and a large variation in conditions. It can also take the form of a high-efficiency drying device that can use energy, or a ventilating device that can be inserted into and extracted from a pile or pile of dried objects. Since natural energy can be used, it also serves as solar energy conversion storage means.

The dryer is a kind of chemical device, but if the design conditions are determined, the structure and specifications of the device are determined, and the shape of the dried material to be supplied, the granular water content, etc. are regulated and fixed.
Biomass varies in type, specific area, and season, and the environmental conditions for drying vary from day to day.If pulverized to increase the drying speed, the ventilation conditions deteriorate, and the pulverizer performance varies. It is inconvenient for certain specifications.
In addition, use of hot air by fossil fuel is generally not preferable when the biomass is rich in moisture.
In the case of biomass drying with a lot of moisture, the use of fossil fuels in excess of the amount of heat held by the biomass is often meaningless even for waste treatment, and moisture is removed by natural wind, low-pressure fans, solar heat, solar power generation. It becomes meaningful only after drying. Equilibrium water removal at the finish is fossil fuel, biomass dried product, charcoal, etc. as fuel, waste heat recovery, and heat recovery if used for residential heat. Conventionally, what has not been economically profitable by heat recovery by a heat exchanger can be an effective heat recovery means if an inexpensive dryer is established as in the present invention. Conventionally, there has been no such idea, and it has been difficult to put biomass energy into practical use with a drier having low general industrial flexibility.

The present invention solves such problems. The present invention is in principle similar to putting a large number of laundry items on a clothes hanger. The principle is to arrange thin and wide dry evaporation surfaces closely. Ventilate or dry surface standing vertically or diagonally or hanging.
A thin box-like ventilation resistance with a small ventilation resistance forms a large contact area between the material to be dried and the ventilation path ventilation. The ventilation preferably passes through a thin box-shaped or duct-shaped ventilation path, and preferably partially promotes drying by passing a leakage air flow between the ventilation paths or outside air. Permeate airflow can be obtained by making the draft resistance in the adjacent draft path. Although the ends of the thin box structure may be displaced from each other, they are stacked alternately in a multi-leaf shape on the side and either or a combination of natural ventilation or forced ventilation is used. Combining the gap and baffle plate can cope with natural wind direction changes. The air-permeable wall may be an irregular surface, and one or a combination selected from a porous wall, a porous plate, a slit plate, an expanded plate, a lattice, a net, a wall surface in which a cylindrical object is stacked, a cloth, a nonwoven fabric, and a louver are appropriate. It is.
The air-permeable wall by the louver is selected from a saddle-shaped curved surface, mountain shape, corrugated shape, and groove-shaped material, and there may be a discrepancy, but it is overlapped with a gap above and below so that a drooping linear object can be inserted, An air-permeable wall as a ventilation path is formed in a shelf shape or an armor shape. That is, an air passage is formed in the accumulation layer of the object to be dried or the divided multi-leaf-like accumulation layer to divide the accumulation layer to ventilate the large surface of the object to be dried such as exposed particles.
In the ventilation path with low ventilation resistance, the main flow of the wind sweeps through the surface of the permeable wall, and preferably passes through the inside of the layer to be dried to promote evaporation. For this reason, it is necessary for the deposited layer to be thin, and both the layer surface and the internal surface have a large surface evaporation drying area. Suitable for objects to be dried such as powder particles, chips, shredded materials, etc., and arranged in a sandwich form with a thin deposition layer and ventilation path next to each other to be dried, in other words, arranged in a stacked multi-leaf type Constitute.
There may be a discrepancy between the both ends of the ventilation path and the upper and lower ends. An airflow distribution chamber is provided if necessary.
It is convenient that the packed bed or the passage is a thin box shape, and at least one surface is a ventilation surface. In the case of a plurality of sheets, the contact area between the object to be dried and the airflow in a certain space is increased by arranging them in a substantially upright multi-leaf type. If necessary, the gap between the surfaces can be easily opened and closed, and the conformity with respect to the form of the material to be dried and the fluidity conditions is easy. By opening and closing the ventilation permeation surface, it becomes easy to supply the material to be dried to the layer, to eliminate the blockage of the air permeation surface and to discharge the dry matter. The opening / closing mechanism may be configured to open and close in a vertical or horizontal manner.
Easy to supply and discharge by increasing the thickness of the deposited layer toward the bottom to facilitate the downward movement and discharge of the material that forms the deposited layer. At the same time, the blockage of the material to be dried on the ventilation surface can be reduced and the blockage can be easily detached.
These selective combinations make the drying device more efficient and facilitate supply and discharge as a vertical type. The dry matter deposit layer surrounded by a thin ventilation wall was difficult to fill and discharge, and as the layer thickness increased, the contradiction in which the surface area per volume of the deposit was reduced and the diffusion distance to the ventilation path was increased.

Desirable conditions for the dryer are to make a plurality of thin deposition layers substantially parallel, to increase the contact area between the deposition layer and the main airflow, and to reduce the diffusion distance from the inside of the deposition layer to the main airflow contact surface.
Preferably, it is more effective to apply a minute differential pressure to the adjacent air flow passages and to separate the permeate air flow through the thin deposition layer.
For this purpose, ventilation resistance (plate, bar, curtain, filler, evaporating surface shape, etc.) can be provided at the ventilation inlet or outlet, or ventilation differential pressure can be applied due to differences in evaporating surface spacing, packing, surface processing, or the like. As a result, an object to be dried having a small packing layer packing density and a large space ratio can increase the packing thickness and reduce the apparatus cost. Furthermore, if there is a surface structure of the ventilation wall surface, the wall surface can be turned upside down.
Natural ventilation can be advantageously used as natural ventilation is possible in all directions of the apparatus.
In this case, it is possible to attach a baffle plate that guides and incorporates the wind into the combination in which the ends of the ventilation path are inconsistent. Can respond to changes in wind direction due to season, time, and weather.
In addition, if a low-pressure low-power fan, wind power generation, and solar power generation are used in combination, the drying speed in a windless state can be increased. A reversible fan is convenient as the power fan, but it may be one that can mechanically change the mounting direction. In this way, the natural wind direction can be used or used together.
The ventilation path with low ventilation resistance can be assembled in a thin box shape, attached to the rails, and can be moved freely. If the rail is rotated, it is convenient to fix the position with a notch for fixing (FIG. 7). Moreover, you may utilize an insertion key and a wedge for fixation. It is also possible to form a layer to be dried having an arbitrary thickness between the air passages by holding a plurality of parallel surfaces at a predetermined interval and freely opening and closing (FIG. 8).
In the case of discharging the dried product after the completion of drying, it can be easily discharged by widening the interval with such a mechanism. Of course, manual operation, string, chain, hinge, etc. may be used for opening and closing and fixing.

The air permeable wall may be an irregular surface, and may be one or a combination selected from a porous wall, a porous plate, a slit plate, an expanded plate, a lattice, a net, a wall surface in which a cylindrical object is stacked, a cloth, a nonwoven fabric, and a louver. It's okay. Since the laminar flow contact is likely to occur at a low flow rate and the drying rate is likely to be reduced, the surface preferably has a static mixer, a tongue-like projection for airflow disturbance, a notch, and a lattice for airflow disturbance and mixing. These should also serve as reinforcement for thin wall materials. The filler may be integral with the wall surface or may be in contact with the main point, or may be a branch, a linear filler, a rough chip, or a wood that also serves as drying.
The air passage wall can be reinforced with a regular or irregular packing, a lattice structure, a roof shape, or an umbrella-shaped member.
Each ventilation path is supported as an independent structural unit so as to be swingable up and down or in any direction, and attached to a rocking device or a vibrator, or can be prevented from being attached to a wall and hanging from a shelf by manual or striking vibration.
Ventilation partitions or fillers, inserts, or air-permeable partitions can be supported, supported, or rocked or moved by ear tools and support beam devices to assist in the loading and unloading of objects to be dried.
This is effective for distributing, filling, flowing down and discharging the material to be dried in the gaps between the constituent units.
The filling material of the ventilation path (ventilation chamber) may be a material such as timber which takes a long time to dry.
The packed bed side may be the same material or chopped particles or mud with a relatively small particle size.
When drying a dried product selected from powders, debris, and mud, which have poor ventilation, mix the material for improving ventilation or the dried product or the product during or after drying into the new dried product. A permeate channel may be made in the packed bed and dried.
The air-permeable wall is also an air filtration surface, so it can be used as a filtration surface for air transportation of chips and granules, and it can also be used as a filtration surface for air transportation to the deposition layer, flash drying, and fluid drying. It is.

The ventilation path is a thin box shape, connected to the silo, the bottom of the sediment, placed a folded or reduced transmission wall, louver, shelf, curved shelf or corrugated shelf, and the material to be dried was deposited above it. The folded shelf board and the curved plate-like shelf board can be lifted later to form a ventilation path, dried, and the dried product can be lifted up or sucked or sucked and transported out.
This solves the problems of piles of objects to be dried, distribution into the tank, transport of portable dryers, assembly, and discharge and transport of dried products.
The to-be-dried material packed layer chamber sandwiching the ventilation path instead of the ventilation path chamber can be made into a thin box shape with a partition made of a gas permeable material, and a large wall surface can be configured to ventilate. In this case, the thickness of the ventilation path can be freely changed.
The dry matter can be discharged by opening and closing the wall, scraped from the side, or in the form of powder particles, it can be sucked out freely. The same is true for the various structures described above. Silos and warehouses themselves can be used as dryers.
The ventilation partition is composed of one or more shelves inclined to the sides of the ventilation partition, and the shelves are new or waste of bamboo, cans and bottles, and the object to be dried is directly in the form of a tumbler. Alternatively, ventilation or forced ventilation, hot air, or warm air that is in contact with the airflow through a net or a grid is used to ventilate the object to be processed.
The louver-type ventilation wall can be configured as a dryer using an inclined surface like a climbing kiln. The dried product moves down the slope and dries, but the louver can be parallel to the slope or crossed. It is possible to ventilate the layers between the adjacent ventilation louvers that may apply a slight differential pressure of the wind speed that does not blow off.

A shelf or a partition wall can be manufactured as a ventilation unit that can be folded or assembled in combination with a hinge, a frame, a bar, or the like, and can be easily assembled at a factory or on site.
In addition to conventional steel and wood structures, standing trees, thinned wood, and bamboo can be used as pillar members.
Similarly, bamboo, pet bottles, developed products or processed products, non-woven fabrics, plastic bottles, aluminum and iron are used for packed beds, spacers for ventilation paths, static mixer structures, air permeable partitions, ventilation louvers, etc. Cans, bottles developed, and wastes with holes and slits can be connected and used. There is an advantage that they can be used for rainproof roofs and covers.
The ventilation partition or filler or the support material of the ventilation partition may be a new or waste processed product selected from metal, wood, bamboo, PET bottles, aluminum cans, aluminum bottles and plastics.
The structure in which the material to be dried is spread in a thin layer reduces the distance of moisture diffusion and reduces the heat conduction distance for replenishing moisture evaporation heat to the inner surface of the deposited layer. Since only low temperatures can be obtained at atmospheric temperature, replenishment of heat of evaporation is a factor governing the drying rate.

The pulverized material is powder, mud, chips, crushed pieces, cut pieces, etc., and includes biomass, cutting of vegetation, crushed coffee, tea leaf extraction residue, food processing residue, side dish cut product and the like.
Plant leaves, twigs, vines and the like can increase the drying rate by 3 to 10 times or more by crushing and cutting to evaporate from a large number of capillaries and evaporate from a large surface by evaporation restricted by the pore diffusion of the plant tissue. However, as the particle size becomes smaller, the amount of air that can pass through the deposited layer (fixed layer) decreases, so the air drying of the deposited layer has a low drying speed, the exposure of the finely divided evaporation cross section by simple grinding, and the increased evaporation area. Forming a multileaf evaporation surface by dividing and distributing the pulverized material, forced splitting into a vertical layer with a thickness of about 10 to 50 mm, and self-forced or forced natural surface renewal when descending, and exerting the combined effect extremely Increase efficiency. In order to secure Okara economy, it was found that it can be adjusted from a very small amount to a substantial amount depending on the degree of processing. Labor saving, cost reduction, utilization of unused resources, environmental and waste measures can be achieved at the same time.

The air-permeable (air-flow permeable) partition is one selected from wire mesh, plastic mesh, punching metal, expanded metal, corresponding slit plate, perforated plate, plastic products corresponding to these, cloth, unemployed cloth, basket, and lattice Or it can comprise in combination. The louver type can also be used with the louver suspended. Moreover, you may combine these.
Bamboo can be used effectively for firewood, louvers and girders. In addition to the conventional structure, the ridges have a vertical, horizontal, and diagonal ridges, and a spacer having a spiral wound around the chin is preferred. This spiral generates an eddy current and acts to renew the boundary film of the air current. Forest thinnings, branches, etc. can also be used.
The outer structure can be protected from rain by being incorporated in or stored in an ordinary container, box structure, shell structure, or other known structure. The drying device can be surrounded by a roof, a room, or a sheet, or it can be easily protected against rain, and can be naturally ventilated or forced. It may be a plastic house.
Simple equipment assembly is also possible by using standing trees as pillars of the dryer shell.
It may be used as a fixed pillar for a locally distributed dryer. You may store the dryer in the house or warehouse, or use the inner and outer walls. The supporting structure of the apparatus may be a road guardrail, outdoor chair, decoration, fence, playground equipment, garden, sabo, earth levee, tree, utility pole body or their accessories, or may be a fixing means.

High-moisture organic pulverized products, food wastes, etc. start to rot in about 5 to 10 minutes, so they need to be put in a clean container and quickly dehydrated and dried. For this purpose, the drying chamber of the present invention is suitable because it is divided into thin deposition layers and the deposition surface is porous and breathable.
Vegetable waste is dehydrated if there is water attached, crushed and supplied to the thin-layer chamber for natural or forced ventilation. If necessary, it is preferable to heat sterilize and then dry to prevent spoilage. The plant tissue is cut by crushing to increase the drying speed. Even if an attempt is made to carbonize or gasify combustion in the next process, a large amount of moisture is lost due to the heat of evaporation of the moisture, and most of the heat is transferred to low-temperature combustion exhaust gas, which cannot be effectively used. Even ignition is sometimes difficult.
In addition, biomass, which is a raw material, is often produced in small quantities in domestic production, and even the same kind can be obtained from dispersed sources with various qualities and forms. In order to homogenize such raw materials, it has been found that insolubilization heat treatment at around 200 to 250 ° C. is effective for homogenization, prevention of spoilage and prevention of spontaneous ignition in addition to carbonization and semi-carbonization and can be used as a processing raw material. In addition, the roasting temperature of coffee and roasted tea is 210 to 230 ° C., and it is possible to select whether the fuel or roasted tea is dried as it is with high efficiency and used as fuel, or carbonization or semi-carbonization at a higher temperature. Carbonization or heat treatment is preferably performed at an appropriate temperature and appropriate air or free oxygen-containing atmosphere conditions for each raw material, but the mixture may be carbonized, semi-carbonized or heat-treated.

The fluidized bed furnace uses the furnace of Patent Document 2 to sort out sediments, stones, metal fragments, and harmful substances that had previously been mixed into unused biomass, such as thinned wood and waste materials, in the fluidized bed. Acts as a purification device, and the carbonized twigs and the like are also crushed in the fluidized bed, so that troublesome pre-grinding and sieving can be omitted, and the plant has the advantage of greatly reducing the small equipment and operating costs. Of course, it can also be used in a normal fluidized bed. Since it is small and light, it is advantageous to park the vehicle-mounted plant near the dryer of the source where the raw material biomass is dispersed and reduce the volume by centralized processing.

Plant-based agricultural and forestry by-products, biomass is branches and leaves, weeds, trees, bark, paper pieces, cardboard, straw, rice husk, bran, bagasse, corn, firewood, newspapers, Okara, fruits, vegetable squeezed rice, food residues, raw One or a combination selected from waste, coffee or tea extraction residue, fruit core, cereals, crushed or altered products, and spoiled products, carbonized or semi-carbonized, sterilized by appropriate heat treatment, volatilization of harmful substances In addition, foreign matter such as stones and metals can be easily separated.
(Raw materials and processing, fluidized bed carbonization and its use) Conventionally, biomass as a material to be dried has been difficult to use as it is. Other than wood chips that can be stably supplied in large quantities, coals that may be lignite, inorganic mud, bentonite mud, earth and sand, bagasse, charcoal, coconut shell, fruit core, vegetables Also, crushed materials such as weeds can be used. Examples of biomass include pruned branches, weeds, bamboo, trees, their skin, vegetation and its leaves, roots, shredded pieces of paper, sawdust, sawdust, paper pieces, cardboard, straw, rice husk, bran , Bagasse, corn, straw, newspaper or young, okara, fruit, vegetable squeezed rice cake, food residue, food waste, coffee or tea extraction residue, fungus cultivation waste wood, deciduous wood, thinned wood, undergrowth, pericarp, fruit It may be a core, wood processing waste, food waste, raw waste, leaves and flakes, papers, shredder cutting waste such as cardboard waste (for example, 5 mm square paper pieces) or a mixture thereof.

(Carking and utility of flakes and flakes) Dead leaves exist in large quantities as unused resources in addition to compost. The pulverized product is scaly depending on the pulverization conditions, and the drying speed is 2 to 10 times by pulverization. By natural drying, the pulverized product becomes 10 to 20% of equilibrium moisture in 1 to 3 days, but reaches the same moisture. However, it took 3 to 2 weeks for the original leaf.
The pulverized material is powder, mud, chips, crushed pieces, cut pieces, etc., and includes biomass, cutting of vegetation, crushed coffee, tea leaf extraction residue, food processing residue, side dish cut product and the like.
Plant leaves, vines, and the like can be dried by increasing the drying rate by crushing and cutting from constrained evaporation from the pore size of the plant tissue to evaporation of many capillaries and evaporation from the large surface. However, if the particle size becomes extremely fine, the amount of air that can pass through the deposited layer (fixed layer) decreases, so that the air drying of the deposited layer has a low drying rate. Drying can be accelerated by inserting a tongue, protrusion, or the like for ventilation. This is an advantage of adjusting the distance between walls.
Labor saving, cost reduction, utilization of unused resources, environmental and waste measures can be achieved at the same time.
The ventilation path may be formed by overlapping punching or drill holes, thermal through holes or molded porous cylinders. Ventilation air is passed through a large surface formed by dividing and forming a ventilation path in the accumulation layer of the material to be dried or the divided multi-leafy accumulation layer, and these points are different from the existing staggered louver type dryers. It is different.

The biomass is pulverized or chipped before drying, and this biomass is collected near the generation source.The accumulated biomass is sucked with a loader or a suction fan loader and supplied to a dryer or loaded onto a vehicle for transportation and accumulation. A system that performs processing selected from storage, carbonization, gasification, gasification combustion, re-grinding, and water-repellent processing without re-drying or re-drying the biomass is excellent because it utilizes the characteristics of the drying device described above. It has high economic efficiency.
By using a drying device combined with heat drying, fluidized carbonization, combustion, or fluidized gasification combustion including a dryer, the sensible heat of the dry distillation gas, gasified gas, and combustion heat are transferred to the heat transfer surface of the dryer, hot air generation, secondary Can be used for finishing and drying. Hot air or exhausted hot air from a solar heat device can be used for ventilation in the ventilation chamber, the deposited layer to be dried, or the heat transfer surface.
A hole can be made in the heat transfer surface and the tube to blow out part or all of hot air or the like.
In addition to light-shielding suspended powder particles or molded products mainly for agriculture, forestry and fisheries as carbide applications, pesticides, useful fertilizers, sustained release materials of microorganisms, soil improvement materials, hazardous materials adsorption or decomposition materials, fuel, building material plastic filling There are things. In addition, the present invention can realize efficient collection and utilization of used materials.

FIG. 1 is an example of an apparatus suitable for drying according to the present invention. The material to be dried is put into a thin deposition drying chamber 2 formed by opening the lid 8 from above and sandwiched between air-permeable partition walls, and is distributed and supplied to each chamber.
Manual or mechanical leveling, vibrators, etc. can be used to distribute the material to be dried. In the case of powder particles and chips, known transportation means such as air current transportation can be used for supply and discharge. As shown in FIG. 12, the thin deposition drying chamber can be charged uniformly by vibrating, swinging and vertically moving the partition walls. Shelfing can be prevented with the insert and the stirring rod 27, and discharge can be promoted in the same manner. The partition wall distance can be extended, or the drying chamber thickness can be increased toward the lower side, and the wall can be discharged while preventing the shelf from being hung by the negative wall inclination.
If these are used in combination, it is more effective. In this way, the formation and operation of a thin deposition drying chamber was facilitated, and the drying rate could be increased. With a simple structure, drying at room temperature to relatively low temperature is possible, and the cost can be reduced by using hot air and exhaust heat. If heat-resistant constituent materials are used, relatively high-temperature and high-efficiency drying is possible.
The apparatus is suitable for intermittent operation and standing natural drying in the vicinity of room temperature, but vacuum drying, reduced-pressure drying, automated semi-continuous operation, continuous operation, etc. are also possible. This apparatus is also suitable for pre-drying in the case where biomass and a high-moisture material are subjected to primary room-temperature drying and low-temperature exhaust heat utilization, and then collected, secondary-dried, and then carbonized.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a partition wall portion having a surface 4 such as a wire mesh or punching metal shown in FIG. The partition frame 11 is suspended from the rail 5 by earpieces, and can be fixed, rocked, moved, or detached, and can be easily supplied and discharged evenly distributed.
The fan 9 may be omitted, may be detachable, or may be replaced by a fan. Drying can be promoted in the windless state when the building is outside or only in the roof. The airflow distributor 10 may be a heater. When the fluidized carbonization apparatus is installed, the heat source may be combustion gas of the dry distillation gas, steam generated by boiler combustion, hot solar air or hot water that can use chimney exhaust.

FIG. 3 is an example of a cross section taken along the line A in FIG. In this case, the outer side plate 12 also serves as the permeable partition wall 4 and the rain guard 15 is attached as necessary. Rain guards may be doors, sliding doors or other doors. It can also be used as a baffle plate that takes up one or more vertical armor doors and incorporates them depending on the direction of the wind. Of course, you may equip the upper part with a roof as a roof, a baffle as a wind direction board, and an armor door. The damper 14 separates a dried product and an undried product, and can be used for draining a wet material to be dried (escape to the side with an inclination or a groove).
Drying conditions can be easily selected and combined with appropriate raw materials and conditions by experiment.

4 is a cross-sectional plan view of FIG. Although not shown, a material to be dried by hand, a vibrator, and a rocker may be attached.

In FIG. 5, the louver 24 is suspended by a line, string, rope, board, chain, or the like 25 and is stacked with a space in the vertical direction, and a plurality of sets are arranged to form a partition and a ventilation path 7. FIG. 6 shows a chevron steel-shaped lay that is notched by the louver 24 and that disturbs the draft. The notch 29 may be a breathable or filterable punching hole, drill hole, slit or the like.
FIG. 7 shows a beam 5 for suspending or fixing a ventilation channel chamber unit or a thin dry matter accumulation chamber unit.
It consists of a slide surface 50 and a fixing notch 51, and can slide to expand and contract the distance between the transmission wall surfaces and fix it at a predetermined position. FIG. 8 shows a ray having a magic hand type arm 56 that expands and contracts the distance of the ventilation chamber unit box.

In FIG. 9, every other partition wall (partition wall) is configured by opening and closing the ventilation path and stacking louvers 24 with a space (or gap) between them to smoothly fill the material to be dried and discharge the dry product. It is sectional drawing of the drying apparatus. It can be opened and closed by the butterfly plate 45, facilitating movement of the deposited layer. The louver may be opened and closed on only one side. When the four surfaces are transmission walls, the transmission walls move up and down, and the movable fulcrum 46 of the wall can be provided at both ends of the louver. If the four surfaces are flexible (or strong) punching metal, the four surfaces do not necessarily need to move up and down. What is necessary is just to move the fulcrum operated by a hanging line, a stick, a chain, a string, etc. The louver may be opened and closed by moving the hanging tool 25 up and down. In this case, the louver also serves as a spacer or reinforcement for the transmission surface 4.

FIG. 10 shows a simple structure in which the position of the louver is fixed to the air chambers at both ends. This louver can be divided into two or three bamboo, rain gutters, etc. It can be configured by connecting new and waste plastic bottles, beverage cans and bottles.
FIG. 11 is an enlarged explanatory sectional view of the louver. In this case, the net 4 is stretched on the lower surface of the louver to prevent the powder particles from entering and closing the ventilation path 7 even if the louver is inclined.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line A. The outer surface is a transmission wall, and the ventilation path is a partition wall, a spacer, and a transmission wall filled with a filler 26 having a static mixer action. Reference numeral 27 denotes a packed bed insert that assists in loading and discharging the material to be dried. It may be an airflow permeation assisting filling.
FIG. 13 shows an example of a punching metal permeable wall material. The shape of the hole 29 can be arbitrarily selected. In the case of drying mud or fine powder, it may be a composite of fine holes, wire mesh, cloth, and cloth to prevent scattering.
FIG. 14 shows a hole with a tongue piece by a punching operation which is not punching. Helps the air permeate part to enter, determines the blow direction and promotes drying. In the example of the perforated louver, the contact evaporation area between the ventilation and the object to be dried can be increased and drying can be performed. Punching metal and punching metal with tongue can also be used for air flow disturbance effect.

FIG. 15 shows a corrugated plate with punched holes that increases the transmission wall area and enhances the surface strength. Helps the air permeate part to enter, determines the blow direction and promotes drying.
FIG. 16 is a plan sectional view of the dryer. The tongue can provide airflow intake, blowout, and static mixer action. All of the blowout and intake holes may be changed randomly or with a certain regularity without necessarily having a uniform direction. It can be determined by experiment.
The example of an airflow in case there exist permeate | airflow in a pair of to-be-dried material chamber is shown.
A differential pressure is generated between the K and M ventilation chambers and the L ventilation channel chamber by a damper, a baffle plate, or the like to create a permeate airflow and promote drying.
FIG. 17 shows a structure in which the cross section of the ventilation path is reduced downward, and the shelf of the dried product and the blockage of the ventilation hole are prevented and taken out easily. As for the thickness of the ventilation chamber, a negative inclination of 1-100 mm per 1000 mm height is appropriate for the inclination of the wall surface.

FIG. 18 narrows the air passage chamber 7 downward and increases the thickness of the object to be dried downward to facilitate the discharge of the dried product, reduces the blockage of the air permeable wall, reduces the contact pressure of the object to be dried, and allows the permeate air flow. It is possible to facilitate drying and prevent clogging. The 27 baffle is used for distributing the air flow in the cross section.
FIG. 19 shows a plan sectional view when the deposited layer transmitting wall tongue piece is in the same direction.

FIG. 20 shows an example of a drying / carbonization system including a distributed arrangement type or a biomass-base drying apparatus.
Coarse biomass or the like to be dried is made into an appropriate particle size and size by a pulverizer, a cutting machine, a chipper, etc., supplied to the drying apparatus, and applied to the ventilation drying apparatus 1. The dried product 42 is carbonized by the carbonization furnace 30 and the generated dry distillation gas is combusted in the combustion furnace 31 and the drying aeration is heated in the heat exchanger 32 or mixed into the ventilation to be used as a drying heat source. Surplus heat can be used as a heat source for boilers, greenhouses, heating and other purposes.
The obtained carbon 44 is supplied to the end user as a raw material and fuel by the transport means 33 and used as a powder fuel and raw material. An additional room temperature ventilation drying device is placed in front of the drying device 1, and the dried product can be heated and dried to increase the degree of drying at a higher temperature. Drying by hot air conveyance and fluidized drying can also be used. The point is to avoid the inefficiency of directly drying a high-moisture material, for example, 20 to 90%, with fuel combustion gas by drying near normal temperature.

In FIG. 21, the dried biomass 42 dried by the dispersion type drying apparatus 1 is transported to the base by the transport means 33 and accumulated and further dried or carbonized or gasified and burned as it is to obtain a heat source.
It is an example of the system which can supply a raw fuel user with carbon as needed with the carbonization or gasification combustion system containing the drying apparatus of a biomass base.
FIG. 22 shows an example of an airflow when there is a permeate airflow in a pair of objects to be dried.
A differential pressure is generated between the K and M ventilation chambers and the L ventilation chamber by a damper, a baffle plate, or the like to create a permeate airflow and promote drying. Ventilation effects differed depending on the presence or absence of the airflow-inducing tongue 28 in the hole 29. With the tongue attached, the drying speed was larger and increased by 50% or more.

FIG. 23 shows a drying apparatus that promotes drying by a ventilation effect and solar heat in combination with a light-transmitting roof unit of a layer to be dried. The material to be dried can be taken in and out in a vertical position.
The vertical posture of this device unit can be used as the outer wall 12 of the drying device.

Conventional biomass has a lot of moisture, low generation distribution density, and high drying and transportation processing costs, so it is difficult to spread and it is not easy to put it to practical use in rural areas. In the present invention, the drying, collection and transportation costs are natural, the use of low-pressure fans (high-pressure fans can be used together) and simplification of equipment, and the use of waste and surplus labor to reduce costs and widespread use. It is useful for solving environmental problems and carbon dioxide problems.

Example 1 of the present invention shows the results of the difficulty test of carbonization due to the difference in drying speed between the pulverized product and the non-pulverized product, and the difference in moisture. Example 2 demonstrates the speed of ventilation drying and the effect of a small amount of ventilation into the deposited layer. Example 3 is an example of drying mud, and shows that the effect of the permeate airflow can be obtained by creating a gap with the insert when the ventilation resistance is large.

The dry speed was compared for fresh leaves. The natural drying rate of natural leaves (Yuzuri leaves) and leaves crushed to 5 mm square were compared. At room temperature conditions of 12-15 ° C. and 50% humidity,
The moisture reduction rate after 75 hours was 69.2% of the crushed material, and it was only 29.2% when the leaves were left as they were.
In the fluidized bed carbonization by air partial combustion of the dried product, the temperature became stable and the operation became easy, the carbon yield was 22%, and the bulk volume was 1/15.
(Control example) Uncut crushed grass and pruned branches had a low bulk specific gravity even when it was dry, and carbonization was difficult. Partial combustion carbonization was also difficult.
The crushed and dried product could not be carbonized in a large fixed bed carbonizer. The center of the retort remains raw.

1 The material to be dried of Example 1 was air-dried at 12 ° C. and a humidity of 50% as shown in FIG.
A moisture reduction rate of 60% was obtained in 24 hours and reached equilibrium moisture.
2 Similar results were obtained for coffee extract cake, ground tea grounds, sawdust, etc. instead of leaves.
When the ventilation element is added by adjusting the ventilation path, the drying acceleration effect is large, and the acceleration effect is 2 to 10 times depending on the material to be dried and the drying conditions.

1 Ben and knight waste mud were dried by ventilation at 12 ° C. and 50% humidity as shown in FIG.
In order to ventilate air in the layer, 27 in FIG. 12 was used as a coil wire.
A water reduction rate of 80% was obtained in 24 hours.
Similarly, if the material to be dried has poor air permeability, the same or harmless linear or wound leaf-like material or coiled material is mixed into the material to be dried regardless of organic or inorganic mud. When the whole was made bulky, a drying speed of about 2 to 10 times was obtained.

Biomass, food processing by-products, garden trees, garden pruning waste, organic and inorganic sludge, etc., which have high moisture content, are expensive to collect and transport and are not practical for reuse or fuel. The operating cost is low, and the cost can be distributed at or near the generation source to greatly improve the economy, and is useful for widespread use as a raw material and fuel. It also contributes to solving energy problems and carbon dioxide problems. It is useful not only for raw fuel that can be accumulated in large quantities, but also for carbonization and heat treatment of minute unused resources, purification of the environment, etc. Biomass is characterized by conventional transportation, storage, and transportation at high cost, and it is difficult to adjust the storage and supply and demand because it ignites spontaneously, decays, or is wet. The crushing and drying volume reduction according to the present invention makes it easier to solve problems and improves energy efficiency.
And if necessary, the cost of storage, collection and transportation is reduced by combining carbonization, so surplus carbon is low cost, so household powdered fuel such as bonfire, special stove fuel, adsorbent, humidity conditioning material, snow smelting material, fertilizer pesticide auxiliary material, It has a wide range of uses as an emergency adsorbent for water purification materials, oil spills and chemicals. The mixed powder of dry powder and carbide has a higher calorific value and may be ignited.

Drying equipment sketch Cross-sectional view of drying device with wire mesh permeation wall Transverse wall dryer A side view Permeable wall dryer B view cross-sectional plan view Side view of drying device A view with louver-type ventilation path Floor plan of louver with cutout Rotating beam sketch for fixing / sliding movement of ventilator room or dry object room support ear tool Schematic diagram of the telescopic arm mechanism for opening and closing the space between the air passage room or the room to be dried Side view of combined drying device with permeable wall or louver opening / closing operation arm mechanism connected to openable / closable louver Simple box-shaped louver ventilation path A cross-sectional view Cross section view of louver-type ventilation path A with wire mesh transmission wall on louver lower surface Permeable wall type drying apparatus A side cross-sectional view with ventilation path filling and material to be dried layer insert Perforated metal punching metal diagram Punching metal diagram with permeable airflow guiding tongue Cross section of corrugated punching metal transmission wall Plane sectional view showing the permeation ventilation of the perforated metal permeation wall, the ventilation path, and the layer to be dried Cross section of ventilation path with width reduction downward Cross-sectional view of ventilation path C with insertion baffle for airflow distribution Cross-sectional view of the deposition layer unit of the perforated wall with the same direction of tongue Carbonized or gasification combustion, gas or carbon combustion heater and product transportation combination system diagram Distributed drying and transportation system diagram Permeable wall type dryer with thin deposited layer unit Cross-sectional view of drying device combining thin sedimentary layer unit with translucent roof

Explanation of symbols

1 Drying equipment, 2 to-be-dried powder granules, crushed pieces, mud, etc., 3 partition walls, 4 ventilation permeable walls,
5 Ventilation path structural unit or dried object room support beam, 6 slope plate, 7 ventilation path, 8 open / close lid,
9 Fan, Blower, 12 Outer plate, 13 Hinge, 14 Damper, 15 Rain guard, Translucent plate 16 Receiver,
17 Circulating water suction pipe or overflow weir for collecting floating granular pellets, grooved suction pipe or porous pipe 24 fine opening, 27 ventilation path or insert in the layer to be dried, 28 permeate air flow guiding tongue,
29 punching holes or punching holes with permeating airflow induction tongue, 30 carbonization furnace,
31 Combustion furnace, 32 Heater or boiler, 33 Transportation means, 41 Crusher, Cutting machine, Chipper, etc. 42 Dry matter, 43 Distillation gas, Gasification gas, 44 Carbide, 45 Hinge,
49 interior netting, cloth, 50 slide surfaces, 51 cuts for fixing the ventilation path ears, 52 depositing material weirs,
55 Earpieces for supporting air passage chamber units or drying object accumulation chamber units

Claims (2)

In a device for drying vegetation or pulverized leaves and leaves, a plurality of passage chambers configured in a box shape with at least two breathable partition walls and vents at both ends can be installed between two opposing side walls so that they can move or swing open / close. Then, the biomass drying apparatus is characterized in that the pulverized material packed layer is formed between the passage chambers and dried. The biomass drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air-permeable partition is a partition selected from a net, a basket, a lattice, a louver, and a basket.