JP5080614B2 - breakwater - Google Patents

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JP5080614B2
JP5080614B2 JP2010115093A JP2010115093A JP5080614B2 JP 5080614 B2 JP5080614 B2 JP 5080614B2 JP 2010115093 A JP2010115093 A JP 2010115093A JP 2010115093 A JP2010115093 A JP 2010115093A JP 5080614 B2 JP5080614 B2 JP 5080614B2
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hole
seawater
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breakwater
bay
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貞幸 網矢
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網矢 貞幸
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A10/11Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

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本発明は、海水を交換するため、櫛の歯のようになった、港の防波堤に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a breakwater in a harbor that is like a comb tooth for exchanging seawater.

波は、水粒子の上下運動で水面が昇降し、その波形が周囲に伝わっていく運動である。ふつう表面波とよばれる、さざ波、風波、うねり、津波、潮汐波などがある。海の波は表面波だけでなく、海水中の密度不連続面で生じるものがあり、内部波とよび、そのような波を防ぐため、図9のような港がある。この図は、地図のような一般的な平面図である。 本来の防波堤(6)は、追加の防波堤(6a)の斜線のところが無い状態であった。そのときは、港の入り口の海水(3b)が入れ替わるところに、漁業者が漁船(6b)を停泊し、岸壁の余り海水(3b)が行き来しないが、波の影響を受けないところに遊魚船(6c)などを停泊していた。   A wave is a movement in which the water surface moves up and down by the vertical movement of water particles, and the waveform is transmitted to the surroundings. There are ripples, wind waves, swells, tsunamis, tidal waves, etc., usually called surface waves. Sea waves are generated not only by surface waves but also by density discontinuities in seawater. They are called internal waves, and there is a port as shown in FIG. 9 in order to prevent such waves. This figure is a general plan view like a map. The original breakwater (6) was in a state where the additional breakwater (6a) was not shaded. At that time, the fisherman moored the fishing boat (6b) at the place where the seawater (3b) at the entrance of the port changes, and the seawater (3b) on the quay does not come and go, but the fishing boats are not affected by the waves. (6c) was anchored.

すると、台風の高潮で、大きな被害があった。一度の被害で、その被害を無くすため、追加の防波堤(6a)を、図の斜線の部分のように、沖合までケーソン(1)を沈めて、防波堤を作り、高波を防いでいた。   The typhoon storm surge caused significant damage. In order to eliminate the damage with a single damage, the additional breakwater (6a) was submerged into the caisson (1) offshore as shown by the shaded area in the figure to create a breakwater and prevent high waves.

しかし、防波堤で囲い過ぎたため、湾内の海水は交換できず、港の奥では魚が生きない状態であった。そのため、生簀に魚がいる漁船(6b)などは、港の出入り口に停泊していたが、イワシの大群が港内に迷い込んで、一挙に酸素欠乏になり、港全体が死の海となり、港の中に生息していた小魚までも死に、どぶ川のような悪臭を放っていた。   However, because it was surrounded by a breakwater, the seawater in the bay could not be exchanged, and no fish could live in the back of the port. Therefore, the fishing boat (6b) with fish in the ginger was anchored at the port entrance, but a large group of sardines strayed into the port and became deficient in oxygen all at once. Even the small fish that inhabited it died, giving off a stink like a river.

そこで、それらの問題を解決するために特開2005−299224の名称 海水交換防波堤では、ケーソン本体を備えた海水交換防波堤によれば、傾斜部材を乗り越えて内海に流入する波浪の勢いが低下し、内海に対する波の透過率が減少すると共に、波浪の高さが小さい時でも、波浪は傾斜部材を乗り越えて内海側に流入することができ、よって波浪の高さに関係なく、常に良好な海水の交換作用を発揮できる効果があった。   Therefore, in order to solve those problems, in the seawater exchange breakwater of JP 2005-299224, according to the seawater exchange breakwater provided with the caisson body, the momentum of waves flowing over the inclined member into the inland sea is reduced, The wave permeability to the inland sea is reduced, and even when the wave height is small, the wave can get over the inclined member and flow into the inland sea side. There was an effect which can exhibit exchange action.

また港は、浮遊物のごみを集めるのが得意で、一端港内に入った浮遊物は港から出ることはなく、岸壁に溜まっていた。その浮遊物は湾内(5)の奥に溜まり、遊魚船(6c)が出港できないぐらいになり、そのうち漁船(6b)の方まで浮遊物が溜まると、やっと清掃を初めていた。これが、港に溜まるのではなく、浮遊物は海上を漂い、何処かの海岸や砂浜にうちあがり、腐敗して、元の養分に分解され、その養分が海草を育てていた。したがって、港に入る浮遊物だけを処分する必要がある。   Also, the port is good at collecting floating waste, and the floating matter that entered the port never left the port and collected on the quay. The suspended matter accumulated in the back of the bay (5), so that the fishing boat (6c) could not leave the port, and when the suspended matter accumulated until the fishing boat (6b), it was the first time for cleaning. Rather than staying in the harbor, the floating material drifted over the sea, hit some beaches and sandy beaches, decayed and decomposed into the original nutrients, which grew seaweed. Therefore, it is necessary to dispose of only the floating material entering the port.

特開2005−299224JP-A-2005-299224 特開2002−275856JP2002-275856

従来の特開2005−299224の名称 海水交換防波堤では、ケーソンに導水路の穴を設け、その穴に乗り越え傾斜面を取り付ける。そして外海で大きな波は、乗り越え傾斜面を、越えることによって、海水が一方向にしか流れない物であった。しかし、その穴を取り付ける場所には、特定の支持がない。図面を見たところ、せっかく導水路の穴を開けるのならば、もっと下の海底に近い所に取り付ければ、波の影響を受けず、大きな穴で海水の交換ができる。また、外海の波が傾斜面を乗り越え内海に、勢い良く流れると、停泊している船に悪い影響を与えることが予想できる。   In the conventional seawater exchange breakwater, the caisson is provided with a hole for the water conduit, and the inclined surface is mounted over the hole. And the big wave in the open sea was a thing that seawater flowed in only one direction by crossing over the inclined surface. However, there is no specific support in the place where the hole is attached. Looking at the drawing, if you want to make a hole in the conduit, if you attach it closer to the bottom of the sea, you can exchange seawater with a large hole without being affected by waves. In addition, if the waves of the open sea cross over the slope and flow vigorously into the inland sea, it can be expected to adversely affect the anchored ship.

また、浮遊物に関しては、その導水路を通って浮遊物が出ていくことは考え難く、結局港の中は浮遊物の海草などで一杯になっていた。浮遊物の海草は、冬に抜け落ちる物であるから、自然のに漂わせていても、何時かは分解して養分となるので、港に溜まることだけを防ぐ必要がある。   As for floating materials, it was difficult to think that floating materials would come out through the waterway, and the port was filled with floating seaweed. Since floating seaweeds fall out in the winter, even if they float in nature, they need to be prevented from being collected in the harbor because they break down and become nutrients sometime.

そこで、本発明の防波堤は、高波の被害がでるときは、潮汐波の満ちている時だけなので、最高水位(3)のときに、海水(3b)沈んでいる穴(2)で海水の交換ができ、穴(2)の外海(4)の外側(2b)は小さく、湾内(5)の内側(2a)は大きいので、湾内(5)は波がなく静かな防波堤を提供するものである。   Therefore, the breakwater of the present invention is only when the tidal wave is full when high waves are damaged, so at the highest water level (3), the seawater (3b) is replaced by a sinking hole (2). Since the outside (2b) of the open sea (4) of the hole (2) is small and the inside (2a) of the inside of the bay (5) is large, the inside of the bay (5) provides a quiet breakwater with no waves. .

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の防波堤は、ケーソン(1)に穴(2)を開け、その穴(2)の取り付ける位置は、満潮水位または最高水位(3)以下に設置し、干潮水位(3a)では穴(2)の天井は露出していることで目的を達成した。
In order to achieve the above object, the breakwater of the present invention has a hole (2) in the caisson (1), and the position where the hole (2) is attached is installed below the high tide level or the highest water level (3), and the low tide The objective was achieved by exposing the ceiling of the hole (2) at the water level (3a).

ケーソン(1)に穴(2)を設置し、その穴(2)は外海(4)の外側(2b)より、湾内(5)の内側(2a)の方を広くしたことで目的を達成した。
The hole (2) was installed in the caisson (1), and the hole (2) achieved the purpose by making the inside (2a) of the bay (5) wider than the outside (2b) of the open sea (4) .

本発明の防波堤は、次のような効果がある。
(イ)高波のときは、普通の防波堤と同じく、穴は海中にあるので堤防の役目を果たす。(ロ)引き潮のときは被害が少ないので、穴は露出しており、波が自由に行き来できる。(ハ)外海側は穴は狭く、湾内側は広いので、湾内の波は小さくなる。
(ニ)浮遊物は、引き潮の時、穴より出ていくものもある。
(ホ)湾内は、外海の海水と入れ替わるので、生簀の魚が死なない。
The breakwater of the present invention has the following effects.
(B) During high waves, the hole is in the sea, just like a normal breakwater, so it plays the role of a dike. (B) Since there is little damage during the tide, the holes are exposed and the waves can come and go freely. (C) Since the hole on the open sea side is narrow and the inside of the bay is wide, the waves in the bay are small.
(D) Some floating objects come out of the hole at the time of ebb tide.
(E) Since the bay is replaced by seawater from the open sea, ginger fish will not die.

最高水位の時の、防波堤の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a breakwater at the time of the highest water level. 干潮の時の、防波堤の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a breakwater at the time of low tide. 港内から見た防波堤の正面図である。It is a front view of the breakwater seen from the harbor. 上から見た、港内から外へ流れるときを現した模式図である。It is the schematic diagram showing the time of flowing out from the inside of a harbor seen from the top. 横から見た、港内から外へ流れるときを現した断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the time of flowing out from the inside of a harbor seen from the side. 上から見た、港内へ流れ込むときの模式図である。It is a schematic diagram when flowing into the harbor as seen from above. 横から見た、港内へ流れ込むときの断面図である。It is sectional drawing when flowing into the harbor seen from the side. 上から見た、波頭が港内へ流れ込むときの模式図である。It is a schematic diagram when the wave front flows into the harbor as seen from above. 一般的な港の平面図である。It is a top view of a common port.

防波堤は、櫛の歯のようになっていて、満潮のときは一般の防波堤と同じであるが、干潮の時は、防波堤に開いた穴(2)より外海(4)が見えるのが特徴であり、その形が櫛の形に似ているので、櫛という言葉を使った。そして、櫛で梳かれる髪が、海水である。その穴(2)は、最高水位(3)より低いところに設置してあり、満潮の時は海水だけが、穴(2)から出入りをして、外海(4)の新鮮な海水と、湾内(5)の澱んだ海水を交換する。   The breakwater is like a comb tooth, and it is the same as a general breakwater at high tide, but at low tide, the open sea (4) can be seen from the hole (2) opened in the breakwater. Yes, the shape is similar to the shape of a comb, so I used the word comb. And the hair that is combed is seawater. The hole (2) is located below the highest water level (3). At high tide, only seawater enters and exits the hole (2), and fresh seawater in the open sea (4) Replace the stagnant seawater from (5).

また干潮の時は、干潮水位(3a)が穴(2)を露出させ、湾内(5)に溜まった浮遊物を外海(4)に出す。従来の港では、いったん港の中へ入った浮遊物は、迷路のようになった奥からは出なかったが、防波堤のケーソン(1)に穴(2)を開けることで、外海(4)が見えるようになったので、そこから出ていく可能性が高くなる。   Also, at low tide, the low tide water level (3a) exposes the hole (2), and the suspended matter accumulated in the bay (5) goes out to the open sea (4). In the conventional port, the floating material once entered the port did not come out from the back of the maze, but by opening a hole (2) in the breakwater caisson (1), the open sea (4) Now that you can see, you are more likely to leave.

穴(2)の形について説明すると、ケーソン(1)に開けた穴(2)は、外海(4)の外側(2b)の穴(2)を狭くして、湾内(5)の内側(2a)の穴(2)を広くして、広くした角度は5度から45度までとした。そのことで、外海(4)の波間(4c)の、波の高さが低い時、湾内(5)の海水(3b)の方が高くなり、外海(4)に流れ出るが、外海(4)の外側(2b)は狭くなっているので、出ていく海水(3b)は加速され、外海(4)の外側(2b)の穴(2)から噴射するように出る。


Explaining the shape of the hole (2), the hole (2) opened in the caisson (1) narrows the hole (2) on the outside (2b) of the open sea (4), and the inside (2a) of the inside of the bay (5) ) Hole (2) was widened, and the widened angle was 5 to 45 degrees. Therefore, when the wave height of the wave (4c) in the open sea (4) is low, the seawater (3b) in the bay (5) becomes higher and flows into the open sea (4), but the open sea (4) Since the outside (2b) of the seawater is narrow, the outgoing seawater (3b) is accelerated and ejected from the hole (2) on the outside (2b) of the open sea (4).


次に、外海(4)の波が高くなった波頭(4b)の時、外海(4)の海水(3b)は、湾内(5)に流れ込む。そのとき、外海(4)の海水(3b)は、狭くなった外側(2b)の穴(2)より海水(3b)が入るが、物理的な加速はされていないため、外側(2b)の穴(2)の付近の海水(3b)を、満遍なく湾内(5)に入れる。そのため、外海(4)の波が低くなった時の波間(4c)に、海水(3b)が勢いよく出た海水(3b)と、波が高くなった時の海水(3b)とは別の海水(3b)であるため、海水(3b)が入れ替わり、新鮮な海水(3b)が湾内(5)に入る。   Next, at the time of the wave front (4b) where the wave of the open sea (4) is high, the seawater (3b) of the open sea (4) flows into the bay (5). At that time, the seawater (3b) in the open sea (4) enters the seawater (3b) from the narrowed hole (2) in the outside (2b), but since the physical acceleration is not performed, the seawater (3b) in the outside (2b) Seawater (3b) in the vicinity of the hole (2) is uniformly introduced into the bay (5). Therefore, the seawater (3b) where the seawater (3b) came out vigorously in the wave (4c) when the wave of the open sea (4) became low and the seawater (3b) when the wave became high Since it is seawater (3b), seawater (3b) is replaced and fresh seawater (3b) enters the bay (5).

さらに、外海(4)から入った海水(3b)は、湾内(5)の内側(2a)の方が大きいため、速度が落ち、波のエネルギーが少なくなる。したがって、干潮水位(3a)の時、外海(4)が荒れていても、湾内(5)に入る波は小さい。   Furthermore, the seawater (3b) entered from the open sea (4) is larger on the inside (2a) of the bay (5), so the speed drops and the wave energy decreases. Therefore, at the low tide level (3a), even if the open sea (4) is rough, the waves entering the bay (5) are small.

本発明の防波堤を、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、日本海側の最高水位(3)の時や、その他の満潮水位の時の、防波堤の断面図で、高波などの被害が起こるときは、潮汐波の満ち潮の時である。その最高水位(3)の時には、穴(2)は水中に隠れているので、見た目には普通の防波堤と何等変わらない。しかし、水中では、防波堤に開けた穴(2)より、外海(4)の新鮮な海水が循環している。
The breakwater of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a breakwater at the highest water level (3) on the Sea of Japan side and at other high tide levels. When damage such as high waves occurs, it is during a tidal wave full tide. At its highest water level (3), the hole (2) is hidden underwater, so it looks like a normal breakwater. However, underwater, fresh seawater in the open sea (4) circulates from a hole (2) in the breakwater.

また、外海(4)の外側(2b)の穴(2)より、湾内(5)の内側(2a)の穴(2)の、天井が広くなっている意味は、海水(3b)を出し入れするだけでなく、もし潜水する人が潜った場合、穴(2)の天井に張り付いてしまう可能性があるため、約15度の傾斜を付けて、事故を防止するだけで、波を小さくする目的ではない。   Moreover, the meaning that the ceiling of the hole (2) of the inner side (2a) of the bay (5) is wider than the hole (2) of the outer side (2b) of the open sea (4) is taken in and out of seawater (3b). Not only that, but if a diving person dives, there is a possibility of sticking to the ceiling of the hole (2). It is not the purpose.

図2は、干潮水位(3a)の時の、防波堤の断面図で、高波などの被害がおころときは満ち潮なので、干潮水位(3a)の時には、穴(2)は水中にから出ていて、見た目には櫛の歯のようになっている。そして浮遊物が、その穴(2)を通過して外海(4)に出ることもある。また、ケーソン(1)には消波体(1a)が付いている場合のあり、消波体(1a)を取り付ける方が安くできる。消波体(1a)は波返し工とも呼ばれ、堤防などの上に設けられる高さの低い壁であり、越し波を防ぐために設けられ、胸壁ともいう。波が沖へ反射するように曲面を有するものもあり、波力が作用するので鉄筋コンクリートで作られる。   Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the breakwater at the low tide level (3a). When the high waves are damaged, the tide is full, so the hole (2) is out of the water at the low tide level (3a). It looks like a comb tooth. The suspended matter may pass through the hole (2) and exit to the open sea (4). Further, the caissons (1) may have a wave-dissipating body (1a), and it is cheaper to attach the wave-dissipating body (1a). The wave-dissipating body (1a) is also called a wave return work, and is a low wall provided on a dike or the like, provided to prevent overtopping, and is also called a chest wall. Some have curved surfaces so that the waves are reflected offshore, and are made of reinforced concrete because the wave force acts.

図3は、湾内(5)から見た正面図である。その図は、ケーソン(1)の穴(2)の上を、最高水位(3)または満潮水位があり、その下に干潮水位(3a)があり、干満の差を示している。しかし、日本海側の干満の差が、30センチしかない所では、干潮水位(3a)に合わして防波堤を作る。そして、台風などで高潮が来た場合は、最高水位(3)のところに海水(3b)面が上がるので、防波堤の役目を果たす。またケーソン(1)は、1個の穴(2)ごとに別れていて、引繰返した略凹の形をしたケーソン(1)を組んで、防波堤を作る。   FIG. 3 is a front view as seen from the bay (5). The figure shows the difference in tidal, with the highest water level (3) or high tide level above the hole (2) in the caisson (1) and the low tide level (3a) below it. However, where the difference in tidal range on the Sea of Japan side is only 30 centimeters, a breakwater is made to match the low tide level (3a). And when a storm surge comes due to a typhoon or the like, the seawater (3b) surface rises at the highest water level (3), so it serves as a breakwater. Further, the caisson (1) is separated for each hole (2), and the breakable caisson (1) having a substantially concave shape is assembled to make a breakwater.

図4は、上からから見た波間(4c)の断面で、外海(4)に出ていくところの海水(3b)を現した模式図である。その図は、外海(4)よりも湾内(5)の方が、水位が高いため、海水(3b)が外海(4)に流れるところである。そのとき、湾内(5)の内側(3c)の穴(2)の大きさが、外海(4)の外側(3d)より大きいため、海水(3b)は狭いところを通過するとき加速して、外海(4)の外側(3d)へ勢いよく流れる。外側(2b)の穴(2)の大きさが3メートルとしたら、内側(2a)の穴(2)の大きさは6メートルで、防波堤の幅は5.4メートルで、外側(2b)の穴(2)の、角の角度は75度となる。   FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the seawater (3b) going out to the open sea (4) in a cross section of the wave (4c) seen from above. The figure shows that seawater (3b) flows into the open sea (4) because the water level is higher in the bay (5) than in the open sea (4). At that time, since the size of the hole (2) inside the bay (5) (3c) is larger than the outside (3d) of the open sea (4), the seawater (3b) accelerates when passing through a narrow place, It flows vigorously to the outside (3d) of the open sea (4). If the size of the hole (2) on the outside (2b) is 3 meters, the size of the hole (2) on the inside (2a) is 6 meters, the width of the breakwater is 5.4 meters, and the size of the outside (2b) The angle of the hole (2) is 75 degrees.

図5は、横から見た断面図で、外海(4)に出ていくところの海水(3b)を現したものである。その図は、外海(4)の波間(4c)がケーソン(1)にあたり、外海(4)よりも湾内(5)の方が、水位が一時的に高いため、海水(3b)が外海(4)へ吹き出すところである。吹き出した海水(3b)は、吐出水(4a)とし、外海(4)の大きな波の、波間(4c)の低いところに吐出水(4a)が出ているところである。   FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view seen from the side, showing the seawater (3b) going out to the open sea (4). The figure shows that the wave (4c) of the open sea (4) hits the caisson (1), and the water level is temporarily higher in the bay (5) than in the open sea (4). ). The discharged seawater (3b) is discharged water (4a), where the discharged water (4a) comes out in a large wave of the open sea (4), where the wave gap (4c) is low.

図6は、上からから見た波頭(4b)の断面で、湾内(5)に入って行くところの海水(3b)を現した模式図である。その図は、湾内(5)よりも外海(4)の方が、水位が高いため、海水(3b)が湾内(5)に流れるところである。外海(4)の潮位が高くなった時、海水(3b)は高いところから、低い湾内(5)の方へ海水(3b)が流れるが、外海(4)側は図のように辺りから満遍なく海水(3b)を流し込んでいる。   FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing seawater (3b) entering the bay (5) in a cross section of the wave front (4b) as seen from above. The figure shows that seawater (3b) flows into the bay (5) because the water level is higher in the open sea (4) than in the bay (5). When the tide level of the open sea (4) rises, the seawater (3b) flows from the high place to the low bay (5), but the open sea (4) side is evenly distributed from around as shown in the figure. Sea water (3b) is poured.

また、外海(4)の大きな波は、外海(4)の外側(2b)の穴(2)よりも湾内(5)の内側(2a)の方が大きいため、大きな波の波動は広がった穴(2)の通路で速度が落ち、波のエネルギーは小さくなる。湾内(5)の漁船(6b)や遊魚船(6c)は多少波があって、漁船(6b)がだぶつき(ローリング)生簀の中の海水(3b)が出入りしないため、酸素が欠乏してしまうので、多少の波は必要である。   Also, the large waves in the open sea (4) are larger in the bay (5) inside (2a) than in the outside (2b) hole (2) in the open sea (4), so the waves of the large waves spread out The speed is reduced in the passage (2), and the energy of the wave is reduced. The fishing boats (6b) and the fishing boats (6c) in the bay (5) have some waves, and the fishing boats (6b) are rolling (rolling), and the seawater (3b) in the ginger does not come and go, so there is a lack of oxygen. Some waves are necessary.

図7は、横から見た断面図で、波頭(4b)がケーソン(1)に当たったところで、外海(4)の海水(3b)が高くなり、外海(4)から湾内(5)に流れ込むところを現したものである。その図は、外海(4)よりも湾内(5)の方が、水位が一時的に低いため、海水(3b)が外海(4)から内海(5)に流れ込むところで、外海(4)の外側(2b)の穴(2)は小さく、湾内(5)の内側(2a)の穴(2)は大きいため、外海(4)の大きな波のエネルギーは小さくなり、小さな波となって湾内(5)に伝わる。   FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view seen from the side. When the wave front (4b) hits the caisson (1), the sea water (3b) of the open sea (4) becomes high and flows into the bay (5) from the open sea (4). It is a manifestation of that. The figure shows that the water level is temporarily lower in the bay (5) than in the open sea (4), so the seawater (3b) flows from the open sea (4) into the internal sea (5). Since the hole (2) in (2b) is small and the hole (2) inside (2a) inside the bay (5) is large, the energy of the large waves in the open sea (4) becomes small and becomes small waves in the bay (5 )

図8は、その波頭(4b)を時間別に現した平面図である。最初の波頭(4bイ)は、波の高さ3メートルとして、その波はケーソン(1)に衝突し、殆どの波はケーソン(1)に跳ね返される。波頭(4bロ)は、ケーソン(1)の外側(2b)の穴(2)に、入ったところである。その波頭(4bロ)は、波の高さは殆ど変わらないが、波のエネルギーは3分の1になっている。そして波頭(4bハ)は、穴(2)が内側(2a)に行くにしたがって広くなり、広くなると波の高さは低くなる。   FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the wave front (4b) according to time. The first wave front (4b b) has a wave height of 3 meters, the wave hits the caisson (1), and most of the wave is bounced back to the caisson (1). The wave front (4b b) has just entered the hole (2) on the outside (2b) of the caisson (1). The wave front (4b) has almost the same wave height, but the wave energy is one third. The wave front (4b) becomes wider as the hole (2) goes to the inner side (2a), and the height of the wave becomes lower as it becomes wider.

波頭(4bニ)は、内側(2a)の穴(2)より出たところである。波は性質状、角を巻くように波は広がり、波頭(4bホ)のようになり、波は広がり高さは、さらに低くなる。 波頭(4bヘ)は、さらに広がって、隣の穴(2)から出た波と重なり、打ち消し合って、波の高さは30センチぐらいになる。したがって、湾内(5)に停泊している漁船(6b)には、3メートルの外海(4)の波も、湾内(5)は30センチになるので影響は無い。   The wave front (4b) is just out of the hole (2) inside (2a). The wave is of a nature, the wave spreads around the corner and becomes like a wave front (4b), the wave spreads and the height becomes even lower. The wave front (4b) spreads further, overlaps with the wave coming out of the adjacent hole (2), cancels out, and the wave height is about 30 cm. Therefore, the fishing boat (6b) anchored in the bay (5) is not affected by the waves of the 3 meter open sea (4) because the bay (5) is 30 centimeters.

日本海側の港は、満潮水位と干潮水位(3a)が30センチ程しかないので、満潮水位より上に穴(2)を取り付ける必要がある。そして、台風などの高潮になったときには、水位が上がるので、最高水位(3)の下に穴(2)が水没するので、最高水位(3)の時、穴(2)は海水(3b)の中に沈んでいるので防波堤の役目を果たす。   The port on the Sea of Japan side has a high tide level and low tide level (3a) of only about 30 cm, so it is necessary to attach a hole (2) above the high tide level. And when a storm such as a typhoon occurs, the water level rises, so the hole (2) is submerged under the highest water level (3), so when the highest water level (3), the hole (2) is seawater (3b) Since it is sinking in, it plays the role of a breakwater.

この防波堤は、波を防ぐだけでなく、ケーソン(1)に開いた穴(2)は、魚礁の役目も果たす。また一文字防波堤も、波だけを通さず、海水(3b)の出入りができ、またケーソン(1)の穴(2)も魚礁の役目をする。さらに、津波の時は、従来の防波堤では、港の出入り口が狭かったため、海水(3b)の出入りができず、入り口付近に渦を巻いていたが、本発明では速やかに海水(3b)の出入りができるため、湾内(5)に渦を起こすことが無い。   This breakwater not only prevents waves, but the hole (2) opened in the caisson (1) also serves as a fish reef. The single letter breakwater also allows seawater (3b) to enter and exit without passing only waves, and the hole (2) of the caisson (1) also serves as a fish reef. Furthermore, at the time of the tsunami, the conventional breakwater had a narrow entrance and exit of the port, so the seawater (3b) could not enter and exit, and a vortex was wound around the entrance. In the present invention, the seawater (3b) entered and exited quickly. Therefore, there is no vortex in the bay (5).

1 ケーソン 1a 消波体 1b 海底
2 穴 2a 内側 2b 外側
3 最高水位 3a 干潮水位 3b 海水 3c 内側 3d 外側
4 外海 4a 吐出水 4b 波頭 4c 波間
5 湾内
6 本来の防波堤 6a 追加の防波堤 6b 漁船 6c 遊魚船
1 Caisson 1a Wave breaker 1b Sea bottom 2 Hole 2a Inside 2b Outside 3 Highest water level 3a Low tide water level 3b Seawater 3c Inside 3d Outside 4 Outside sea 4a Discharged water 4b Wharf 4c Wave 5 Bay inside 6 Original breakwater 6c

Claims (1)

ケーソン(1)に穴(2)を開け、
該穴(2)の上面の天井を取り付ける位置は、満潮水位の最高水位(3)以下から干潮水位(3a)以上に設置し、
該干潮水位(3a)では、該穴(2)の天井は海面の上に露出していて、
該ケーソン(1)の形は引繰返した略凹の形をしていることを特徴とする防波堤。
Make a hole (2) in the caisson (1)
The position where the ceiling on the upper surface of the hole (2) is attached should be set from the highest water level (3) below the high tide level to above the low tide level (3a) ,
At the low tide level (3a), the ceiling of the hole (2) is exposed above the sea surface,
A breakwater characterized in that the shape of the caisson (1) has a substantially concave shape repeated repeatedly.
JP2010115093A 2010-05-19 2010-05-19 breakwater Expired - Fee Related JP5080614B2 (en)

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JPH0830342B2 (en) * 1987-01-26 1996-03-27 若築建設株式会社 Concrete case
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