JP5070926B2 - Retaining structure and glow plug - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a holding structure that is applied to, for example, a glow plug of a diesel engine and fixes a pin member accommodated in a housing with a sealing glass.

A glow plug for preheating the inside of a cylinder of a diesel engine has a metal pin member integrated with a heater inserted and held in a cylindrical metal housing. In order to fix the metal pin member in the housing and seal the opening, the base end side opening of the housing is filled with sealing glass, and an external power source is connected via the base end of the metal pin member protruding from the housing. The heater can be energized. Such a glow plug configuration is described in Patent Document 1, for example.
JP 2004-317499 A

  Sealing glass is used to insulate and fix the metal pin member in the housing and to prevent the intrusion of gas and moisture by sealing the opening. Generally, lead-containing glass mainly composed of lead oxide (PbO) is used. in use. However, the toxicity of lead to the human body has been known for some time, and disposal of electronic devices and parts that use lead may lead to soil contamination and groundwater contamination. It is important.

  Against this background, the transition from conventional lead-containing materials to alternative materials is being promoted in various fields. Also in the glow plug sealing glass, it is desirable to be lead-free, and a sealing glass suitable for the environment in which the glow plug is used and the welding process is required.

  Moreover, the sealing glass for glow plugs insulates between the metal pin member and the housing, but there is a problem that it is eroded by the plating solution when the metal part is subjected to rust prevention plating. In this case, there is a possibility that the metal pin member and the housing are electrically connected through the plating film formed on the surface of the sealing glass. In Patent Document 1, insulation such as an alumina ring or an O-ring is provided on the surface of the sealing glass. It corresponds by burying the member. In addition, protection from corrosive components in the market is possible.

  However, it is not easy to assemble a small-diameter insulating member to the glow plug, and it takes time and effort to manage components. For this reason, means for protecting and insulating the sealing glass more easily is desired.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a housing and pin member holding structure applied to a glow plug of a diesel engine, etc., optimizing a sealing glass for fixing the pin member, and making it lead-free while maintaining sealing performance. An object of the present invention is to easily and reliably insulate between the housing and the pin member.

The invention according to claim 1 is a cylindrical metal housing, a metal pin member inserted and held in the housing, and a sealing glass filled between the housing and the pin member at an opening end portion of the housing. And is held between the narrow-diameter portion provided on the pin member and the large-diameter portion provided on the housing, and protects the end surface on the opening side of the sealing glass with a gap. and, the placed liquid rubber or liquid resin so as to cover the end surface provided with an insulating protective layer formed by thermally curing, the bushing is mounted on the opening side of the insulating protective layer, and as the sealing glass, substantially It is made of a glass component that does not contain lead, has a glass transition point of 250 ° C. or higher, a softening point temperature of 450 ° C. or lower, and a linear expansion coefficient of 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ or lower, and its softening point temperature or higher. To heat after cold The shrink-fitting force applied to the pin member through the sealing glass at the time of, the pin member is a holding structure for welded and fixed in the housing.

According to the holding structure of the present invention, since the sealing glass does not contain a lead component, the environmental load is small, it is stable in the use environment of the glow plug, and the strength reduction of the metal part due to welding can be suppressed. Further, the linear expansion coefficient is small, and the pin member can be firmly fixed in the housing by a shrink-fitting force at the time of welding. An insulating protective layer can be easily provided by using liquid rubber or resin, injecting it so as to cover the surface of the sealing glass, and curing it.

  Specifically, as a constituent material of the housing and the pin member, steel material or carbon steel is used to maintain a desired shrink-fitting force.

As the invention of claim 3, as the sealing glass having the above characteristics, a glass containing 65 to 80% by weight of Bi ₂ O ₃ is preferably used.

Or as in the invention of claim 4, the sealing glass, a SnO ₂ and P ₂ O ₅ can also be a glass containing 65% to 80%, the same effect can be obtained.

  When the sealing length of the glass sealing portion is 2 mm or more as in the invention of claim 5, it is more effective and the welding strength can be secured.

  As in the sixth aspect of the invention, in order to ensure the torque and tensile strength applied to the pin member, the outer diameter is preferably 2.5 mm or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the outer diameter of the housing be 7 mm or more in order to ensure the holding strength of the pin member.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an insulating ceramic ring that is held in contact with a stepped portion formed in the opening end portion of the housing and supports the end surface of the sealing glass opposite to the opening.

  With this ceramic ring, the pin member can be positioned and the sealing glass can be supported at the time of welding to prevent welding unevenness due to glass dripping, thereby preventing strength reduction and airtight failure.

As in the invention of claim 8 , RTV rubber can be used as the liquid rubber, and it is inexpensive and easy to handle.

As in the ninth aspect of the invention, the thickness of the insulating protective layer is 0.1 mm or more in the thinnest part, thereby protecting the surface of the sealing glass and effectively preventing erosion by the plating solution. be able to.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is a glow plug comprising the holding structure according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein a base end of the pin member passes through a bush attached to the opening of the housing. The portion was taken out and used as a terminal for energizing the heater portion connected to the tip side of the pin member.

  Specifically, this holding structure can be applied to a glow plug, and a pin member for energizing the heater can be reliably held in the housing, and insulation between the two can be ensured.

  Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 (a) is an overall configuration diagram of a glow plug 1 of a diesel engine to which the holding structure of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 1 (b) shows an enlarged main part thereof. 1A, a glow plug 1 according to the present embodiment includes a metal housing H, a middle shaft pin 3 as a current-carrying metal pin member inserted and held in the housing H, and a heater integrated with the middle shaft pin 3. 4. In the housing H, a sealing portion 11 in which the sealing glass 2 is filled between the middle shaft pin 3 and the housing H is formed at the end on the upper end opening H1 side, and the middle shaft pin 3 is welded in the housing H. It is fixed.

  The housing H has a substantially cylindrical shape, and a screw portion for attachment is formed on the outer periphery of the intermediate portion. The middle shaft pin 3 has a proximal end protruding from the upper end opening H <b> 1 of the housing H and a distal end connected to the heater 4 by a connection fitting 42. The heater 4 is a known ceramic heater, the outer periphery of which is held by a sleeve 41, and a tip heater portion that is not covered by the sleeve 41 is exposed in the engine cylinder. As a result, the base end portion 31 of the central shaft pin 3 protruding from the housing H becomes a terminal for energization, and the heater 4 is energized from an external power source (not shown) through the pin member 3 so that the inside of the cylinder can be preheated. The ceramic heater usually has a configuration in which a heating element made of a conductive ceramic formed in a U shape is embedded in a base made of an insulating ceramic.

  As a constituent material of the housing H and the central shaft pin 3, here, steel material or carbon steel is used. At least outer surfaces of the housing H and the central shaft pin 3 are rust-proof plated and are covered with a rust-proof plating film (not shown). After the rust-proof plating, a synthetic resin bush 51 is extrapolated to the base end portion 31 of the central shaft pin 3, and a nut 52 is screwed to close the upper end opening H1 of the housing H.

  FIG. 1B is an enlarged view showing the sealing portion 11 of the glow plug 1. As shown in the drawing, the inner peripheral diameter of the upper end portion of the housing H constituting the sealing portion 11 is increased stepwise, and the insulating ceramic ring 6 is held in contact with the stepped portion H2. The ceramic ring 6 is extrapolated to the center shaft pin 3 and positioned (centered) in the housing H, and also ensures insulation between the center shaft pin 3 and the housing H. In addition, the lower end surface of the sealing glass 2 is supported to suppress welding unevenness due to glass dripping at the time of welding, thereby preventing a decrease in strength and poor airtightness. Since the ceramic ring 6 is integrally fixed by the sealing glass 2 at the time of welding, as a constituent material, an insulating ceramic material that can withstand a glass welding temperature (for example, 500 ° C.), for example, alumina, magnesia, zirconia, titania, Quartz, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, or the like can be used.

The sealing glass 2 is made of a glass component substantially containing no lead, having a glass transition point of 250 ° C. or higher, a softening point temperature of 450 ° C. or lower, and a linear expansion coefficient of 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ or lower. . Since the use environment such as the engine room is higher (200 ° C level), it has a glass transition point of 250 ° C or higher, which is sufficiently higher than the assumed environmental temperature to prevent the strength of the glass material from decreasing. It is desirable that In addition, when the softening point temperature is high, the welding processing temperature is high, and the carbon steel constituting the housing H and the central shaft pin 3 is dulled and the strength is lowered. Therefore, the softening point temperature of the glass has an influence on the metal strength. It is desirable that the temperature be as small as 450 ° C. or less. Furthermore, in order to maintain the shrink-fitting force after sealing, the holding strength of the central shaft pin 3 can be ensured by setting the linear expansion coefficient to 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ or less, which is smaller than that of a general steel material.

Specifically, as the sealing glass 2, glass containing 65 to 80% by weight of Bi ₂ O ₃ or glass containing 65 to 80% of SnO ₂ and P ₂ O ₅ can be used. In addition, other components such as ordinary glass components such as Al ₂ O ₃ , SiO ₂ , and ZnO, unavoidable impurities, and the like can be appropriately contained within a range in which desired characteristics can be obtained.

  The welding process of the housing H and the central shaft pin 3 by the sealing glass 2 is performed as follows, for example. First, the center shaft pin 3 integrated with the heater 4 is inserted into the housing H in advance and the ceramic ring 6 is mounted, and then the sealing glass 2 is disposed on the upper surface thereof. The sealing glass 2 can be in the form of a pellet, but if a cylindrical molded body is used, the operation is easy and uneven welding is less likely to occur. Thereafter, by heating to a predetermined welding temperature, the glass is melted and filled between the middle shaft pin 3 and the housing H without any gap, and further, the middle shaft pin 3 and the housing H are welded and fixed in the process of being cooled. At this time, the position of the upper surface of the sealing glass 2 is slightly lowered.

  The welding temperature is set to be equal to or higher than the glass softening point, and the higher the temperature, the lower the hardness of the central shaft pin 3 and the housing H. At this time, since the linear expansion coefficient of the sealing glass 2 is made smaller than that of the constituent material of the housing H and the central shaft pin 3, it is applied to the sealing glass 2 and the central shaft pin 3 when the housing H contracts after thermal expansion. It can be firmly fixed by the shrink fitting force (surface pressure).

  An insulating protective layer 7 in which liquid rubber or liquid resin is cured is provided on the upper end surface side of the sealing glass 2 in order to protect the sealing glass 2 from the rust preventive plating solution. The insulating protective layer 7 is easily formed by placing a molded body that becomes the sealing glass 2 in the welding step, and then injecting and curing liquid rubber or liquid resin so as to cover the upper end surface thereof. Examples of the liquid rubber include RTV rubber (room temperature vulcanizable rubber), and are preferably used because they are easily cured at low cost. In particular, the one-pack type silicone RTV rubber has good workability, excellent wettability with the sealing glass 2, and excellent properties such as heat resistance. In addition to the RTV rubber, it is also possible to use a rubber or resin, such as a liquid epoxy resin, which can be cured by heat or the like during the welding process after being applied or injected into the surface of the sealing glass 2 in a liquid state.

  The lead-free glass used in the present invention has high viscosity, and when a ceramic insulating ring is disposed on the upper surface of the glass like a conventional glow plug, the air is released when the inside of the housing H becomes hot due to the sealing treatment. May become difficult and bubbles may be generated in the sealing glass 2. On the other hand, if the insulating protective layer 7 is made of liquid rubber or liquid resin, air can be removed and generation of bubbles can be prevented. In addition, it does not require parts management such as alumina ring or O-ring, and labor for mounting in a separate process, and it is not necessary to remove after plating.

  Preferably, the thickness of the insulating protective layer 7 should be 0.1 mm or more at the thinnest part in order to protect it from the plating treatment liquid and other corrosive components. Further, when the insulating protective layer 7 and the sealing glass 2 are not in close contact with each other and a gap of 0.1 mm or more is formed at least in part, it is possible to prevent the rubber from being pushed up due to the expansion of the glass. Further, when the insulating protective layer 7 is formed at the position where the adjacent middle shaft pin 3 is provided with the small diameter portion 32 and the housing H is provided with the large diameter portion H3, the cured rubber or resin is stabilized in the housing H. Can be held. In addition, the ceramic ring 6 is easily dropped by its own weight due to the small-diameter portion 32 and the large-diameter portion H3, so that the mounting becomes easy.

  In order to ensure the holding strength of the central shaft pin 3 by shrink fitting, each part size of the sealing part 11 is set. For example, in order to ensure the torque and tensile strength applied to the middle shaft pin 3, it is necessary that the outer diameter of the middle shaft pin 3 is 2.5 mm or more. In this case, the sealing length of the sealing portion 11 Is 2 mm or more and the outer diameter of the housing H is preferably 7 mm or more in order to maintain the shrink-fitting force. Here, the sealing length of the sealing portion 11 is the axial length of the portion where the shrink-fitting force is maintained. In FIG. 1B, the central axis extends from the lower end surface of the sealing glass 2 in contact with the ceramic ring 6. This is the length up to the small diameter portion 32 of the pin 3. In the present embodiment, for example, the outer diameter of the central shaft pin 3 is 4 mm, the outer diameter of the small diameter portion 32 that is the minimum diameter is 3.5 mm, the sealing length of the sealing portion 11 is 5 mm, and the outer diameter of the housing H is 11 mm. The thickness of the insulating protective layer 7 was 0.2 mm.

Next, in order to confirm the effect of the present invention, the glow plug 1 having the structure shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B was manufactured and evaluated by the method described above. As the sealing glass 2, a glass containing 65 to 80% by weight of Bi ₂ O ₃ (Example 1) and a glass containing 65 to 80% of SnO ₂ and P ₂ O ₅ (Example 2) are used. did. Table 1 shows the physical property values (glass transition point, softening point, linear expansion coefficient) of the glasses of Examples 1 and 2 together with the physical property values of the conventional lead glass.

  Further, for each of the examples and the conventional examples, a pin torque test was performed in order to evaluate the welding strength, and the results are also shown in Table 1. As shown in FIG. 2B, the test method was performed by applying a twist in the rotational direction to the central shaft pin 3, and the presence or absence of peeling of the welded portion or breaking of the member when a predetermined load was applied was examined. Moreover, the relationship between this test result, the linear expansion coefficient of the sealing glass 2, and the linear expansion coefficient of a general steel material was shown to Fig.2 (a).

  As is clear from Table 1, in both Examples 1 and 2, the center pin 3 was broken before the welded part peeled off in the weld strength test, and the sealed part 11 was firmly welded. all right. This result is equivalent to the case of using the lead glass of the conventional example, and the physical property values (glass transition point, softening point, linear expansion coefficient) of the glass are almost the same as those of the conventional lead glass. It can be seen that by using the sealing glass 2 of Examples 1 and 2, lead-free can be achieved without reducing the welding strength.

Further, from FIG. 2 (a), both of the sealing glasses 2 of Examples 1 and 2 are smaller than the linear expansion coefficient (10 × 10 ⁻⁶ ) of a general steel material, like the conventional lead glass. ing. FIG. 3 is a result of FEM analysis of the surface pressure (shrink fit force) applied to the central shaft pin 3 and the sealing glass 2 after welding. The outer periphery of the central shaft pin 3 is contracted after the housing H is thermally expanded and contracted. It can be seen that a tightening force by shrink fitting acts on the outer surface of the surface and the sealing glass 2. Thus, when the linear expansion coefficient of the sealing glass 2 is smaller than the linear expansion coefficient (10 × 10 ⁻⁶ ) of a general steel material, it is possible to ensure the holding strength of the central shaft pin 3 by the shrink-fit force. . When the linear expansion coefficient of the sealing glass 2 is equal to or greater than that of a general steel material, the surface pressure (shrinkage fitting force) becomes 0, and the holding strength of the central shaft pin 3 cannot be obtained.

  Next, in the glow plug 1 having the above structure, the holding strength when the sealing length of the sealing portion 11 was changed was evaluated. Although the sealing length of the sealing part 11 is 5 mm in FIG. 1B, the glow plug 1 is prepared by changing this to 1 mm and 2 mm, and the same pin torque test is performed for each. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As is apparent from Table 2, when the sealing length of the sealing part 11 is 2 mm, the result is the same as that when the sealing length is 5 mm (indicated by a circle in the table). Breakage occurred. When the sealing length was 1 mm, peeling occurred in a part of the sealing part 11 (indicated by Δ in the table). From these results, it can be seen that the sealing length is desirably 2 mm or more in order to sufficiently maintain the holding force of the central shaft pin 3.

  As described above, the present invention is applied to a glow plug of a diesel engine. The sealing glass for welding the housing and the pin member can be made lead-free and the sealing performance can be ensured. In addition, the surface of the sealing glass can be protected easily and reliably, and insulation between the housing and the pin member can be ensured.

  Note that the holding structure of the present invention is not limited to a glow plug of a diesel engine, but can be used in other fields and exhibits the same effect.

1A and 1B show a first embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is an overall configuration diagram of a glow plug, and FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the test result in this invention Example, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the test method in this invention Example. It is a figure which shows the FEM analysis result in this invention Example.

Explanation of symbols

H housing (metal housing)
H1 Upper end opening 1 Glow plug 11 Sealing part 2 Sealing glass 3 Central shaft pin (metal pin member)
31 Base end 4 Heater 51 Bushing 52 Nut 6 Insulating ceramic ring 6 Insulating protective layer

Claims (10)

A cylindrical metal housing, and the metallic pin member is inserted and held within the housing, at the open end of the housing, has a sealing glass that is filled between the housing and the pin member, the It is held between the narrow diameter part provided in the pin member and the large diameter part provided in the housing so as to protect the end face on the opening side of the sealing glass with a gap and to cover the end face. the placed liquid rubber or liquid resin provided with an insulating protective layer formed by thermally curing, the glass component of the bush mounted on the opening side of the insulating protective layer, and as the sealing glass contains substantially no lead The glass transition point is 250 ° C. or higher, the softening point temperature is 450 ° C. or lower, and the linear expansion coefficient is 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ or lower. Sealing moth The shrink-fitting force applied to the pin member through the scan, holding structure to weld securing the pin member in the housing.   The holding structure according to claim 1, wherein the housing and the pin member are made of steel or carbon steel. The holding structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sealing glass contains 65 to 80% by weight of Bi ₂ O ₃ . The holding structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sealing glass contains 65 to 80% of SnO ₂ and P ₂ O ₅ .   The holding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a sealing length of the glass sealing portion is 2 mm or more.   The holding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the glass sealing portion, the outer diameter of the pin member is 2.5 mm or more, and the outer diameter of the housing is 7 mm or more.   7. An insulating ceramic ring is provided, which is in contact with and held by a stepped portion formed in the opening end of the housing and supports an end surface of the sealing glass opposite to the opening. The holding structure as described in.   The holding structure according to claim 1, wherein the liquid rubber is RTV rubber.   The holding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a thickness of the insulating protective layer is 0.1 mm or more in a thinnest portion.   A glow plug comprising the holding structure according to claim 1, wherein a base end portion of the pin member is taken out through a bush attached to the opening of the housing, and the pin A glow plug characterized by being a terminal for energizing a heater connected to the tip side of a member.