JP5065627B2 - Starting method of fuel cell system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for starting a fuel cell system that generates power using a reformed gas obtained by reforming a hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene.

  In a fuel cell system, usually, a hydrocarbon-based fuel such as kerosene or city gas is reformed to produce a reformed gas containing hydrogen, and the resulting reformed gas and air are supplied to the fuel cell to produce electricity. Power is generated by chemical reaction.

  When starting a fuel cell system, especially when using a fuel cell that operates at high temperatures such as a solid oxide fuel cell, the anode electrode and reforming catalyst of the fuel cell are not oxidized and the power generation performance and reforming performance do not deteriorate. Thus, a reducing gas such as hydrogen is circulated through the fuel cell anode and the reforming catalyst.

  Various reforming reactions such as steam reforming, partial oxidation reforming, and autothermal reforming (performing both steam reforming and partial oxidation reforming) are used for reforming. When steam reforming is performed (including autothermal reforming), a hydrocarbon-based gas and steam are mixed and supplied to the reformer. At this time, when the hydrocarbon fuel is liquid, it is vaporized in advance.

  In general, when a hydrocarbon fuel is used, particularly when a hydrocarbon fuel with a high carbon composition ratio in the molecule such as kerosene is used, carbon is precipitated from the hydrocarbon fuel in a high temperature atmosphere of, for example, about 400 ° C. or more. There is a risk. Carbon deposition causes a blockage in a pipe or a reformer. In particular, when a reforming catalyst is used in the reformer, carbon deposition tends to occur on the reforming catalyst.

  It is known that carbon deposition can be suppressed even in a high temperature atmosphere by mixing water vapor with a hydrocarbon fuel. Therefore, for example, in a fuel cell system using kerosene, water vapor and kerosene vapor are mixed at about 300 ° C. to 400 ° C., and this mixed gas is supplied to the reformer.

  Regardless of the type of reforming reaction, carbon may be deposited from the hydrocarbon fuel in the line through which the hydrocarbon fuel flows to the reformer. Therefore, even in the case of partial oxidation reforming which does not require steam for reforming, steam is mixed with hydrocarbon fuel.

Such a hydrocarbon fuel supply method is described in Patent Document 1.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-213057

  In order to generate electricity in a fuel cell system that uses a hydrocarbon-based fuel by reforming it, the components of the system are heated to a desired temperature, and a gas having a composition suitable for performing an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell is used. Start-up operation is performed to enable generation.

  There is a possibility that the carbon deposition as described above may occur in the start-up operation, and a start-up method that can suppress the carbon deposition more reliably is demanded.

  The objective of this invention is providing the starting method which can suppress that carbon precipitates from a hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel cell system using a hydrocarbon fuel.

  The present invention provides the following method.

(1) In a fuel cell system activation method for activating a fuel cell system comprising a line for flowing a mixed gas of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas and water vapor, and a fuel cell connected downstream of the line,
Before supplying the gas of a hydrocarbon-based fuel in the line, a method of starting fuel cell systems that supply water vapor to said line,
a) Before supplying the hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor to the line,
Performing oxygen supply to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode to generate a voltage by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
b) after step a, supplying water vapor to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
c) A step of supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel gas to the line after detecting a decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell after the step b.
A starting method for a fuel cell system, comprising:

( 2 ) In the step b, the supply flow rate of water vapor is set to the desired flow rate of water vapor when the start-up operation is completed,
( 1 ) The fuel cell system start-up method according to ( 1 ), wherein, in step c, the supply flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is set to a desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed.

( 3 ) In step b, the supply flow rate of water vapor is a part of the desired flow rate of water vapor at the completion of the start-up operation,
In the step c, the supply flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is a part of the desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed,
After step c,
d) increasing the flow rate of water vapor supplied to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
After step e) d, after detecting a drop in voltage of the fuel cell, having further the step of increasing the flow rate of the gas of the hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied to the line (1) according to the fuel cell system startup method .

( 4 ) The combination of the steps d and e is repeated a plurality of times so that the flow rate of water vapor supplied to the line is set to a desired flow rate of water vapor at the completion of the start-up operation, and the hydrocarbon fuel gas supplied to the line ( 3 ) The fuel cell system start-up method according to ( 3 ), wherein the flow rate is set to a desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed.

( 5 ) In a fuel cell system activation method for activating a fuel cell system comprising a line for flowing a mixed gas of hydrocarbon-based gas and water vapor, and a fuel cell connected downstream of the line,
Before supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to the line, supply water vapor to the line,
However, this is a fuel cell system activation method in which a predetermined time interval is provided between the time when the operation of supplying water vapor to the line and the time of performing the operation of supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to the line. And
The predetermined time interval is set in advance by a preliminary start operation for starting the fuel cell system preliminarily,
The method of the preliminary start-up operation,
i) Before supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor to the line,
Performing oxygen supply to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode to generate a voltage by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
ii) after step i, performing the operation of supplying water vapor to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the supply of oxygen and hydrogen; and
iii) after step ii, including a step of detecting a decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell;
From the time of performing an operation for supplying steam in step ii, to measure the time up to the time of detecting a drop in voltage in the step iii, you the measured time to the predetermined time interval
How to start the fuel cell system.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION By this invention, in the fuel cell system using hydrocarbon fuel, the starting method which can suppress that carbon precipitates from hydrocarbon fuel is provided.

The present invention relates to a fuel cell having a line for flowing a mixed gas of hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor (hereinafter referred to as a fuel / water vapor mixed gas line) and a fuel cell connected downstream of the line. The present invention relates to a method for starting a fuel cell system for starting the system. More specifically, the fuel cell anode is connected downstream of this line. There is no need to connect a fuel cell directly downstream of this line. When the hydrocarbon fuel is reformed by the reformer, the fuel cell is connected downstream of the fuel vapor mixed gas line via the reformer. In this case, a reformer is connected to the fuel / steam mixed gas line, a reformed gas line for flowing the reformed gas is connected downstream of the reformer, and a fuel cell is connected downstream of the reformed gas line. Is done. Furthermore, a shift reactor (CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO ₂ ) or a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reactor (2CO + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ ) may be provided between the reformer and the fuel cell anode. Alternatively, when the hydrocarbon fuel can be reformed inside the fuel cell, the fuel cell anode can be directly connected downstream of the fuel / steam mixed gas line.

  In the present invention, before supplying the hydrocarbon fuel gas to the fuel / steam mixed gas line, the steam is supplied to this line. As a result, it is possible to more reliably prevent carbon from being deposited from the hydrocarbon-based fuel during startup.

At this time, it is preferable to supply water vapor having a steam / carbon ratio (S / C) of 3 or more in a mixed gas of hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor. S / C is the ratio of the number of moles of water vapor (H ₂ O) to the number of moles of carbon (C) of the hydrocarbon fuel contained in this mixed gas.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of one embodiment of a fuel cell system that can implement the starting method of the present invention. Here, kerosene is used as the hydrocarbon fuel, and a fuel cell is connected downstream of the fuel / steam mixed gas line via a reformer.

〔Temperature rising〕
First, the equipment that needs to be heated, here, the kerosene vaporizer 2, the water vaporizer 4, the reformer 10, and the fuel cell 20 are heated. If necessary, the piping is also heated. This heating can be appropriately performed by a method employed in a known start-up operation of the fuel cell system. As a heat source for heating, combustion heat obtained by burning a combustible material such as a hydrocarbon-based fuel prepared for use in power generation by combustion means such as a burner can be used. Alternatively, heating with an electric heater can be performed.

[Reducing gas supply]
In order to prevent oxidation of the reforming catalyst housed in the anode electrode or reformer of the fuel cell, a reducing gas can be supplied to the reformer and the anode of the fuel cell. The supply of the reducing gas may be started by opening the valve 8 until the anode electrode or the reforming catalyst reaches a temperature range in which the anode electrode or the reforming catalyst may be oxidized.

  In FIG. 1, reducing gas (hydrogen) is supplied to the reformer 10 via the mixer 5, but this is not always necessary. The reducing gas can be separately supplied to each of the reformer (reforming catalyst layer) and the fuel cell anode, but when the reformer exists, the fuel passes through the reformer (reforming catalyst layer). It can be supplied to the battery anode.

  Hydrogen can be used as the reducing gas. Hydrogen may be pure hydrogen, but may be accompanied by another gas that does not impair the reducibility, such as nitrogen. A cylinder can be used as a supply source of the reducing gas.

[Hydrocarbon fuel and steam supply]
When the reformer is in a state where it can be reformed, a gas obtained by vaporizing kerosene (kerosene gas) can be supplied to the reformer. For example, when kerosene is steam-reformed, the reaction proceeds at 550 ° C. to 750 ° C., so that the kerosene gas is supplied to the reforming catalyst layer after the reforming catalyst layer provided in the reformer reaches this temperature range. be able to. For this purpose, kerosene is boosted by a pump 1 which is a boosting means and vaporized by a vaporizer 2. A pump and a vaporizer may be provided as necessary. For example, when methane gas having a desired pressure is used as a hydrocarbon-based fuel, neither a pressure raising means nor a vaporizer is required.

  At this time, water vapor is mixed with kerosene gas to suppress carbon deposition, but in the present invention, water vapor is supplied to the line through which the mixed gas of kerosene gas and water vapor flows before the kerosene gas is supplied. This makes it possible to more reliably suppress carbon deposition.

  Specifically, the valve 7 is opened, the pressure of water is increased by the pump 3, and the vaporizer 4 is vaporized. The obtained water vapor is supplied from the mixer 5 to a line (fuel / water vapor mixed gas line) 101 through which a mixed gas of kerosene gas and water vapor flows. The valve 7 may be opened before the temperature rises. Further, the valve 7 may not be installed, and in this case, an operation for opening the valve 7 does not occur. As shown in FIG. 3, when there is a circulation line 103 connecting the upstream of the pump 3 and between the pump 3 and the vaporizer 4 (in this case, a three-way valve 11 is provided between the pump 3 and the vaporizer 4. ), The three-way valve 11 is switched to the upstream side of the pump 3 in advance before the supply of water vapor, the water is boosted by the pump 3, and the water is circulated through the circulation line, and the valve three-way 11 is switched to the vaporizer side 4. The water is vaporized by the vaporizer 4. The obtained water vapor is supplied from the mixer 5 to a line (fuel / water vapor mixed gas line) 101 through which a mixed gas of kerosene gas and water vapor flows.

  Thereafter, the valve 6 is opened, the kerosene pressure is increased by the pump 1, the kerosene gas obtained from the vaporizer 2 is guided to the mixer, mixed with the water vapor, and flowed to the line 101. The valve 6 may be opened before the temperature rises. Further, the valve 6 may not be installed, and in this case, an operation for opening the valve 6 does not occur. As shown in FIG. 3, when there is a circulation line 102 connecting the upstream of the pump 1 and between the pump 1 and the vaporizer 2 (in this case, a three-way valve 9 is provided between the pump 1 and the vaporizer 2. ) Before the kerosene supply is started, the three-way valve 9 is switched to the upstream side of the pump 1 in advance, the kerosene is boosted by the pump 1, and the kerosene is circulated through the circulation line. The three-way valve 9 is switched to the vaporizer 2 side to vaporize kerosene in the vaporizer 2, the resulting kerosene gas is guided to the mixer, mixed with water vapor, and flowed to the line 101.

  Next, the timing of water vapor supply and kerosene gas supply to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line will be described.

  Until the kerosene gas reaches the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line 101 after operating the operation end of the kerosene supply (starting the pump, opening the valve, etc.) based on the volume of the flow path and the flow rate of the supply gas Can be estimated. The same applies to the water supply. Based on these estimated times, after operating the operating end of the water vapor supply, operating the operating end of the kerosene supply at intervals, so that the kerosene gas reaches the line 101 after the water vapor reaches the line 101. You can control the system to do so. However, because there are uncertain factors such as the liquid filling state in the flow path before starting and bubbles, it is not always easy to estimate the time accurately, so the time interval is estimated for safety. It is preferable to set longer than the set time.

  On the other hand, the fuel cell voltage reacts sensitively to the partial pressure of electrochemically reactive chemical species such as hydrogen and oxygen. The lower the hydrogen partial pressure, the lower the voltage. For example, when hydrogen (a mixed gas containing hydrogen) is supplied to the anode and water vapor is added to the anode, the partial pressure of hydrogen decreases due to the addition of water vapor, and the voltage of the fuel cell immediately increases accordingly. Go down. Therefore, by detecting this voltage drop, it is possible to know that water vapor has reached the anode. If the water vapor reaches the anode, the water vapor flows through the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line 101 upstream of the anode, and the kerosene gas may be supplied to the line 101.

When starting the fuel cell system using such a principle, it is preferable to perform the following steps a to c from the viewpoint of more reliably suppressing carbon deposition. In the present invention, steps a to c are performed.

[Step a]
Before supplying the hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line, supply oxygen to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen to the fuel cell anode, and then perform electrochemical in the fuel cell. A voltage is generated by reaction.

  In order to supply hydrogen to the anode, pure hydrogen may be used, but not limited thereto, and a gas containing hydrogen can be appropriately used. For example, a mixed gas of inert gas such as hydrogen and nitrogen can be used.

  Hydrogen can be supplied to the anode at an appropriate timing before the hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line. As described above, if hydrogen (which may be a mixed gas containing hydrogen) is supplied to the anode as a reducing gas for preventing oxidation of the anode electrode or the like, the supply to the anode in step a can be performed by continuing this supply. Hydrogen supply can be performed.

  In order to supply oxygen to the cathode, pure oxygen may be used, but not limited thereto, and a gas containing oxygen can be used as appropriate. For example, air may be supplied to the cathode.

  The oxygen supply to the cathode may be performed at an appropriate timing before the hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line.

  When the fuel cell reaches a temperature at which a voltage can be generated by an electrochemical reaction, hydrogen is supplied to the anode and oxygen is supplied to the cathode, a voltage is generated in the fuel cell.

  At this point, it is preferable not to take out current from the fuel cell. This is because the amount of hydrogen supplied to the anode may be small as long as no current is taken out. At this time, oxygen supply to the cathode may be slight. At this time, the voltage is an open circuit voltage.

[Step b]
After step a, steam is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply.

  In the oxygen supply and the hydrogen supply, it is preferable that both the oxygen concentration and the hydrogen concentration be as constant as possible. This is to eliminate the voltage fluctuation factor as much as possible and to easily observe the voltage drop due to the arrival of water vapor at the anode. For example, a cylinder can be used as a supply source of hydrogen (or a hydrogen mixed gas), and the atmosphere can be used as an oxygen supply source. The fuel cell may be in the middle of heating. This is because the voltage changes depending on the temperature, but the magnitude and speed of the voltage change due to the change in the gas composition is much faster than the voltage change due to the temperature rise.

The cell voltage of the fuel cell can be estimated using the following Nernst equation. E, ΔG, F, R, and T are cell voltage, Gibbs free energy, Faraday constant, gas constant, and temperature, respectively. p _H2 , p _O2 and p _H2O are the hydrogen partial pressure, oxygen partial pressure and water vapor partial pressure at the reaction interface, respectively.

  The cell voltage drop of the fuel cell due to the arrival of water vapor at the anode can be estimated from the change in partial pressure due to the addition of water vapor using the following equation. -ΔE is the cell voltage drop. “′” Represents after the arrival of water vapor.

  In particular, when the temperature and oxygen partial pressure do not change before and after the arrival of water vapor, the cell voltage drop of the fuel cell can be estimated using the following equation. In the case of a stack in which n cells are connected in series, the voltage drop is −nΔE.

By supplying water vapor, p ′ _H2O / P _H2O becomes larger than 1, so the flow rate is adjusted so that RT / 2F × ln (p _H2 / p ′ _H2 ) × n can be sufficiently detected by a voltmeter. Is desirable. For example, in the process of raising the temperature of a stack in which 100 cells are connected in series, hydrogen 4NLM (NLM represents liters / minute converted to 0.101 MPa at 0 ° C.) is supplied to the anode, and air 50NLM is supplied in step a. Start supplying to the cathode. At this time, supply of hydrogen to at least the anode is started until the temperature range in which the anode electrode may be oxidized is reached. If steam is supplied to the anode in step b by 6 NLM and the stack temperature does not change to 800 ° C. before and after the steam supply, the voltage drops by at least 3.2 V, and a voltage drop can be detected with a general voltmeter. When determining the voltage drop in more detail, the relationship between the hydrogen / water vapor partial pressure and voltage at the anode reaction interface or the relationship between the supplied hydrogen / water vapor mixture ratio and voltage may be determined by preliminary experiments or simulations.

[Step c]
After the step b, a decrease in the fuel cell voltage is detected, and then a hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line.

  A voltage drop means that water vapor has reached the anode. Therefore, the hydrocarbon fuel gas may be supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line.

  FIG. 2 arranges the above steps a to c as a flowchart. In step a, hydrogen and oxygen are supplied to the fuel cell to generate a voltage, and in step b, water vapor is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line. Then, the voltage is monitored, and when a voltage drop is detected in step c, supply of hydrocarbon fuel gas to this line is started.

[Supply amount of steam and hydrocarbon fuel]
In step b, the supply amount of water vapor is set to a desired flow rate of water vapor when the start-up operation is completed, and in step c, the supply amount of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is set to the desired flow rate of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed. It can be. This method is a simple method that can supply desired amounts of water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel gas at a time.

Alternatively, in step b, the flow rate of water vapor is a part of the desired flow rate of water vapor when the start-up operation is completed, and in step c, the flow rate of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is changed to the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed. As part of the desired flow rate, and after step c,
d) increasing the flow rate of water vapor supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
e) After detecting the decrease in the fuel cell voltage after the step d, a step of increasing the flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line may be performed.

  By this method, the supply amount of water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel can be increased stepwise.

For example, when the desired flow rate of water vapor at the completion of the start-up operation is expressed as F _St and the desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas at the completion of the start-up operation is expressed as F _HC, it is supplied to the fuel / steam mixed gas line in step b. The flow rate of steam to be supplied is (F _St / 2), the flow rate of hydrocarbon fuel gas supplied to this line in step c is (F _HC / 2), and the flow rate of water vapor supplied to this line in step d is F _St The flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas supplied to this line in step e can be increased to _FHC .

Further, by repeating the combination of steps d and e a plurality of times, the supply flow rates of water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel can be increased in three or more stages, and finally the desired flow rates can be obtained. For example, in the case of three steps, (F _St / 3) steam and (F _HC / 3) hydrocarbon fuel gas are supplied in steps b and c, respectively, and then the first steps d and e (2F _St / 3) of water vapor and (2F _HC / 3) hydrocarbon fuel gas are supplied in the second step d and e, respectively, and (F _St ) of water vapor and (F _HC ) of A hydrocarbon-based fuel gas can be supplied.

  Thus, by supplying the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas in stages while confirming the presence of water vapor, a smoother start-up operation is possible.

  The supply of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas to the fuel / steam mixed gas line can be appropriately performed by an operation of starting a pressure increasing means such as a pump, a blower or a compressor or an operation of opening a valve. Increasing the flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based gas can be appropriately performed by an operation of increasing the number of rotations of the pressurizing means or an operation of increasing the opening of the valve.

  The supply of water vapor to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line can be appropriately performed by an operation of starting a boosting means such as a pump or an operation of opening a valve. The increase in the flow rate of water vapor can be appropriately performed by an operation for increasing the number of rotations of the pressurizing means or an operation for increasing the opening of the valve.

  Alternatively, a predetermined time set in advance by the preliminary start-up operation from the time when the operation of supplying water vapor to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line to the time of performing the operation of supplying gas of hydrocarbon fuel to this line is performed. By providing a time interval, it is possible to supply water vapor to this line before supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to this line.

In the preliminary start-up operation, the following steps i to iii can be performed.
i) Before supplying the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas and water vapor to the fuel / steam mixed gas line,
Performing oxygen supply to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode to generate a voltage by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
ii) after step i, performing the operation of supplying water vapor to the fuel / water vapor mixing line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
iii) A step of detecting a decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell after step ii.

  The time from the time when the operation of supplying water vapor in step ii to the time when the voltage drop is detected in step iii can be measured, and this measured time can be set as the predetermined time interval.

  The operation of supplying water vapor to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line means an operation that finally completes necessary preparation such as preheating of the vaporizer and finally allows water vapor to flow through the line, such as opening a valve. . The operation of supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to the fuel / steam mixed gas line is the final preparation that allows the hydrocarbon fuel gas to flow through the line after completing the necessary preparations such as preheating the vaporizer. For example, opening a valve.

  This fuel cell system activation method is simple.

[After supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas]
After the mixed gas of the desired amount of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas and water vapor is supplied to the fuel / water vapor mixed gas line as described above, until each device reaches a predetermined temperature as necessary. The temperature rise can be continued. The supply of hydrogen to the anode can be stopped when there is no need to detect the aforementioned voltage drop. If a reformer is present, reforming can be started in the reformer.

  When the start-up operation is completed, the normal operation can be started. Normal operation includes not only rated operation but also partial load operation. The reformed gas obtained from the reformer 10 is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell 20 as an anode gas. An oxygen-containing gas such as air is supplied as a cathode gas to the cathode of the fuel cell. In the fuel cell, hydrogen contained in the anode gas and oxygen contained in the cathode gas react electrochemically to generate power. Since the anode off-gas discharged from the anode contains a combustible component, the amount of heat can be appropriately utilized by combustion or the like. Further, the sensible heat of the anode off-gas or the cathode off-gas discharged from the cathode can be used as appropriate.

[Hydrocarbon fuel]
As the hydrocarbon fuel, a compound containing carbon and hydrogen (may contain other elements such as oxygen) or a mixture thereof, which is known in the field of fuel cell systems, can be used as a raw material for the reformed gas. Compounds having carbon and hydrogen in the molecule such as hydrocarbons and alcohols can be used. For example, hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, natural gas, LPG, city gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, and light oil, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, ethers such as dimethyl ether, and the like. Of these, kerosene is preferable because it is easily available for industrial use and for consumer use, and is easy to handle.

[Fuel cell system components]
When using a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, a vaporizer is used to vaporize the fuel. As the vaporizer, a known vaporizer capable of vaporizing the hydrocarbon fuel to be used can be used. As an example thereof, a vaporizer having a structure capable of heating a pipe through which a liquid flows from the outside and evaporating the liquid in the pipe can be exemplified. Moreover, the vaporizer which has a structure which heats heating members, such as an evaporating dish and an evaporation container, can be made to contact this and can be evaporated can also be mentioned. For such heating, an electric heater, combustion gas, or the like can be used as a heat source. As the water vaporizer, a known vaporizer capable of vaporizing water can be used.

  In order to detect the voltage drop of the fuel cell and automatically control the supply of hydrocarbon fuel gas to the fuel / steam mixed gas line and increase its flow rate, and supply steam to the same line. A computer or a sequencer can be used to automatically perform the control of performing the operation of supplying the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas at a predetermined time interval.

In the fuel cell system, the reformed gas obtained from the reformer can be further processed as necessary. For example, a shift reaction (CO + H ₂ O → CO ₂ + H ₂ ) for reducing the carbon monoxide concentration and increasing the hydrogen concentration, a selective oxidation reaction (2CO + O ₂ → 2CO ₂ ) for reducing the carbon monoxide concentration, humidification or dehumidification Etc. can be performed.

  Moreover, desulfurization for reducing the concentration of the sulfur content contained in the hydrocarbon fuel can be performed as necessary.

  As the reformer, a known reformer capable of performing steam reforming, partial oxidation reforming or autothermal reforming (performing both steam reforming reaction and partial oxidation reforming reaction) may be appropriately used. it can. When a heat source is required in the reformer, for example, available high-temperature gas can be used as appropriate. As a specific example, combustion gas obtained by burning hydrocarbon fuel or anode off gas can be used as a heat source.

  As the fuel cell, a fuel cell that electrochemically reacts hydrogen can be used as appropriate. For example, a fuel cell of a solid polymer type, a phosphoric acid type, a molten carbonate type, or a solid oxide type can be employed.

  In addition to the above devices, known components of the fuel cell system can be appropriately provided as necessary. Specific examples include a cooling system for cooling various devices such as fuel cells, a pump for pressurizing various fluids, a pressurizing means such as a compressor and a blower, a fluid flow rate, or a fluid flow Flow control means such as valves for shutting off / switching, flow path shutting / switching means, heat exchangers for heat exchange and heat recovery, condensers for condensing gas, heating for external heating of various devices / Thermal insulation means, storage means for various fluids, air and electric system for instrumentation, signal system for control, control device, electric system for output and power.

  The start-up method of the fuel cell system of the present invention can be used, for example, in a stationary or mobile power generation system and in a fuel cell system used in a cogeneration system.

It is a flowchart which shows the outline of one form of the fuel cell system which can implement this invention. It is a flowchart for demonstrating one form of the starting method of the fuel cell system of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows a pump periphery partially about another form of the fuel cell system which can implement this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Pump (for kerosene)
2 Vaporizer (for kerosene)
3 Pump (for water)
4 Vaporizer (for water)
5 Mixer 6, 7, 8 Valve 9, 11 Three-way valve 10 Reformer 20 Fuel cell 101 Lines 102 and 103 through which a mixed gas of kerosene gas and water vapor flows A A fuel cell anode C A fuel cell cathode

Claims (5)

In a fuel cell system activation method for activating a fuel cell system comprising a line for flowing a mixed gas of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas and water vapor, and a fuel cell connected downstream of the line,
Before supplying the gas of the hydrocarbon-based fuel in the line, a method of starting fuel cell systems that supply water vapor to said line,
a) Before supplying the hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor to the line,
Performing oxygen supply to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode to generate a voltage by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
b) after step a, supplying water vapor to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
c) A step of supplying a hydrocarbon-based fuel gas to the line after detecting a decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell after the step b.
A starting method for a fuel cell system, comprising: In the step b, the supply flow rate of water vapor is the desired flow rate of water vapor at the completion of the start-up operation,
Wherein in step c, and the supply flow rate of the gas of the hydrocarbon-based fuel, method of starting a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the desired flow rate of the gas of the hydrocarbon-based fuel at the startup operation completion. In the step b, the supply flow rate of water vapor is a part of the desired flow rate of water vapor when the start-up operation is completed,
In the step c, the supply flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas is a part of the desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas when the start-up operation is completed,
After step c,
d) increasing the flow rate of water vapor supplied to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the oxygen supply and hydrogen supply; and
After step e) d, after detecting a drop in voltage of the fuel cell, method of starting a fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising the step of increasing the flow rate of the gas of the hydrocarbon-based fuel supplied to the line . The combination of the steps d and e is repeated a plurality of times so that the flow rate of water vapor supplied to the line becomes the desired flow rate of water vapor at the completion of start-up operation, and the flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas supplied to the line is The method for starting a fuel cell system according to claim 3 , wherein a desired flow rate of the hydrocarbon-based fuel gas at the completion of the start-up operation is set. In a fuel cell system activation method for activating a fuel cell system comprising a line for flowing a mixed gas of hydrocarbon-based fuel gas and water vapor, and a fuel cell connected downstream of the line,
Before supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to the line, supply water vapor to the line,
However, this is a fuel cell system activation method in which a predetermined time interval is provided between the time when the operation of supplying water vapor to the line and the time of performing the operation of supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas to the line. And
The predetermined time interval is set in advance by a preliminary start operation for starting the fuel cell system preliminarily,
The method of the preliminary start-up operation,
i) Before supplying hydrocarbon fuel gas and water vapor to the line,
Performing oxygen supply to the fuel cell cathode and hydrogen supply to the fuel cell anode to generate a voltage by an electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell;
ii) after step i, performing the operation of supplying water vapor to the line while monitoring the voltage of the fuel cell while continuing the supply of oxygen and hydrogen; and
iii) after step ii, including a step of detecting a decrease in the voltage of the fuel cell;
From the time of performing an operation for supplying steam in step ii, to measure the time up to the time of detecting a drop in voltage in the step iii, starting the fuel cell system that the measured time to the predetermined time interval Method.

Images