JP5061075B2 - Railway vehicle air spring and railcar height adjustment method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an air spring for a railway vehicle having an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a diaphragm, and a height adjustment method of the railway vehicle, and more particularly, simplification of the height adjustment work of the vehicle accompanying wear of wheels. The present invention relates to an air spring for a railway vehicle devised so that efficiency can be improved and a method for adjusting the height of the railway vehicle.

  The railcar air spring includes an outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder that is disposed below the outer cylinder and supported by the frame of the carriage, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material that is disposed across the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. And is configured. Many of these types of air springs for railway vehicles are pivotally supported on a carriage via a laminated rubber integrally formed with an inner cylinder, as disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like.

  As a typical mounting example of the air spring, as disclosed in FIG. 5 of Patent Document 2 and FIGS. 1 and 2 of Patent Document 3, a shaft protruding downward from the inner cylinder is formed on the frame of the carriage. Due to the structure in which the support shaft that is fitted in the hole and protrudes upward from the outer cylinder is fitted in the frame of the vehicle body, the vehicle is equipped with a pair of left and right between the carriage and the vehicle body.

  By the way, in the case of railway vehicles, wheels are worn by long-term use, but if they are worn to such an extent that the position of the vehicle body is clearly lowered and still within the wear limit range as wheels, provisional processing is performed during maintenance. As a countermeasure, the air spring is lifted by a height corresponding to the wear. Specifically, the height adjustment is such that a plate-like spacer is interposed between the inner cylinder and the carriage to compensate for the reduction due to wheel wear and to return the vehicle body to its original height position.

  In the conventional height adjustment, first of all, a pre-treatment process for removing the connecting parts between the vehicle body and the carriage such as a brake hose and electric wiring is carried out, and then the vehicle body is jacked up to eliminate the interference between the air spring and the vehicle body. A process is performed, and then a carriage removing process is performed in which the carriage on which the air spring is mounted is moved and taken out from the vehicle body. And after performing the lifting process of lifting the air spring slightly with respect to the carriage, the spacer mounting process of interposing the plate spacer between the inner cylinder and the carriage is performed, and then the above processes are performed in reverse order, The height adjustment work is completed.

That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the conventional height adjustment operation includes a pretreatment process → a jacking process → a cart removing process → a lifting process → a spacer mounting process → a hanging process (the reverse of the lifting process) → a cart returning process ( The reverse of the truck removing process) → the jack-down process (the reverse of the jack-up process) → the post-processing process (the reverse of the pre-processing process). This height adjustment work is not frequent, but conventionally, it requires a very large number of steps and time, and there is still room for improvement.
JP 2007-046718 A JP 2005-289286 A JP 2002-264806 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide an air spring for a railway vehicle that is structured so as to enable simplification and efficiency of the above-described height adjustment operation during wheel wear. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for adjusting the height of a railway vehicle that makes it possible to simplify and increase the efficiency of the height adjustment work by using the air spring for the railway vehicle.

  The invention according to claim 1 is provided across the outer cylinder 1 on the vehicle body side, the inner cylinder 2 disposed below the outer cylinder 1 and supported by the frame 4 of the carriage D, and the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2. And a diaphragm 3 made of an elastic material, and an air spring including a lower portion of the inner cylinder 2 and the diaphragm 3 between the inner cylinder 2 and the frame body 4. The elastic means 7 which enables the part C equivalent to the unsprung mass side to float a predetermined amount with respect to the said frame 4 is interposed.

  The invention according to claim 2 is the air spring for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the inner cylinder 2 has a downward support protrusion 6 fitted in a downward support hole 17 formed in the frame body 4. Is provided, and the elastic means 7 is constituted by a coil spring 19 provided in an upward hole 6a formed on the downward support protrusion 6 in a state of opening the lower surface.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the air spring for a railway vehicle according to the second aspect, the support hole 17 is a cylindrical hole having a circular shape in a plan view, and the downward support protrusion 6 has a circular shape in a bottom view. It is a hollow cylindrical protrusion made.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rail vehicle height adjustment method, the railcar air spring A according to any one of the first to third aspects is interposed between the upper and lower sides of the vehicle body B and the carriage D. A vehicle body supporting step a for supporting the vehicle body B in use in a state where it is supported by the carriage D via the air spring A so as not to move downward, and in the diaphragm 3 after the vehicle body supporting step a ends. Air releasing step b for removing air, and spacer attaching step c for interposing a spacer S in a gap k formed between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder 2 and the frame body 4 upon completion of the air releasing step b It is characterized by having.

  According to the invention of claim 1, it will be described in detail in the section of the embodiment, but it is possible to float the unsprung mass side portion as an air spring by a predetermined amount with respect to the frame body by the elastic means. It is possible to adjust the height by attaching a spacer for height adjustment between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder and the carriage simply by removing the air from the diaphragm while supporting the vehicle body so as not to be lowered. This eliminates the troublesome and time-consuming work required in the past, such as the work of removing the electric wires and hoses, the work of lifting the car body, and the work of taking out the carriage from the bottom of the car body. As a result, it is possible to provide a railway vehicle air spring that is devised so that the height adjustment work during wheel wear can be simplified and more efficient.

  According to the invention of claim 2, paying attention to the shaft support structure that is often used as a structure for supporting the air spring to the carriage, the air spring is provided with a coil spring by forming a hole in the downward support protrusion that is a component, and is elastic. By using the structure of the air spring, there is an advantage that the elastic means can be provided in a rational state without causing an increase in the size of the apparatus and causing almost no increase in cost. In this case, as in claim 3, if the downward support protrusion and the upward hole have a columnar fitting structure having a longitudinal axis, it is easy to make and easy to install the coil spring, and the air spring and the carriage The advantage that it is easy to load and unload is added.

  According to the invention of claim 4, as will be described in detail in the section of the embodiment, the height is adjusted between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder and the carriage only by supporting the vehicle body so as not to be lowered and by removing the air from the diaphragm. It is possible to adjust the height by installing a spacer for the work, and it is troublesome and time consuming to remove the electric wires and hoses, lifting the vehicle body, and removing the carriage from the bottom of the vehicle body. Thus, various operations that require the above can be omitted. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for adjusting the height of a railway vehicle capable of exhibiting an effect equivalent to the effect of the invention of claim 1 (the height adjustment work can be simplified and made more efficient).

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of a railcar air spring and a railcar height adjusting method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a sectional view showing an air spring in a normal state (in use), FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an air spring during height adjustment, FIG. 3 is a plan view and a sectional view of a spacer, and FIG. It is process drawing of thickness adjustment work.

[Example 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the railcar air spring A according to the first embodiment includes an outer cylinder 1 on the vehicle body B side and an inner cylinder 2 that is disposed below and supported by the frame body 4 of the carriage D. And a diaphragm (bellows) 3 made of rubber (an example of an elastic material) provided between the outer cylinder 1 and the inner cylinder 2 and a pivot (downward support) fixed to the inner cylinder 2 via the laminated rubber 5 An example of a protrusion) 6. And, when the height is adjusted when the wheel is worn and the outer diameter is clearly reduced, the elastic means 7 that exerts its power in each of the points of simplification, labor saving and efficiency of the height adjustment work is provided. , Equipped on the pivot 6.

  The outer cylinder 1 includes a support seat 1a having a circular shape or the like made of two upper and lower steel plates, a cylindrical portion 1b fixed to the lower surface thereof, and a lower end plate 1c fixed to the lower end portion of the cylindrical portion 1b. The support shaft 1d is composed of a rubber ring-shaped upper seat 1e on the outer diameter side of the cylindrical portion 1b and on the lower surface side of the support seat 1a. A support shaft 1d having an axis P and fitted in the support hole 18 of the vehicle body B is attached so as to protrude upward from the lower end plate 1c through the support seat 1a. The upper seat 1e is configured to be able to exhibit a function of receiving the upper portion 3a of the diaphragm 3 with a wide area and a function of supporting the upper end bead portion 3b of the diaphragm 3 in cooperation with the cylindrical portion 1b. A sliding plate 8 made of a stainless steel plate is attached to the lower side of the lower end plate 1c.

  The inner cylinder 2 is composed of a ring-shaped substrate 2a and a regulating plate 2b bolted to the upper surface side of the ring-shaped substrate 2a, and a lower seat 9 fixed to the outer periphery of the substrate 2a is attached to the lower end of the diaphragm 3 The bead portion 3c is placed and received and supported. The lower receiving seat 9 includes a steel plate reinforcing portion 9A and a rubber receiving member 10 laminated thereon. A stopper rubber 11 is placed and fixed on the regulation plate 2b, and a sliding plate 12 is provided thereon.

  The laminated rubber 5 includes a rubber layer 14 disposed between upper and lower portions of an upper flange made of a substrate 2a and a lower flange 13 having a pivot 6, and a ring interposed in two upper and lower portions on the outer peripheral side of the rubber layer 14. Steel plates 15 and 15 are provided. The pivot 6 having the same axis P as the support shaft 1d has a downwardly open upward hole 6a and is formed as a hollow cylindrical protrusion having a circular shape when viewed from the bottom. The bottomed cylindrical receiving portion 16 is fitted into the downward support hole 17.

  A coil spring 19 is housed in an upward hole 6 a formed in the pivot 6 in a state where the lower surface is open, and the elastic means 7 is configured by the coil spring 19. The coil spring 19 is a spring constant and compression that allows a predetermined amount of the portion C corresponding to the unsprung mass side as the air spring A including the inner cylinder 2, the laminated rubber 5, and the lower part of the diaphragm 3 to float to the frame body 4. The amount is set. The unsprung mass of the air spring A can be considered as the weight obtained by subtracting the mass of the outer cylinder 1 and about half of the mass of the diaphragm 3 from the total mass of the air spring A. If it is calculated as the weight obtained by subtracting the mass of the outer cylinder 1 from the total mass of the air spring A, it is safe.

  By providing the elastic means 7 by the coil spring 19, as shown in FIG. 2, when the air is extracted from the diaphragm 3 in a state where the vehicle body B is supported so as not to move downward, it is mounted in the upward hole 6a in a compressed state. The unsprung portion C is lifted by a predetermined amount L with respect to the carriage D by the elastic restoring force in the extending direction of the coil spring 19 acting, that is, the upward force indicated by the arrow A in the unsprung portion C as the air spring A. And floats, resulting in a state in which a gap k is formed. That is, due to the function of the elastic means 5, a gap is automatically generated between the upper and lower sides of the frame body 4 and the lower flange 13 as the diaphragm 3 is vented.

  The height adjustment work in the railway vehicle having the air spring A configured as described above will be described. If the spacer S used for height adjustment is demonstrated previously, as shown to Fig.3 (a), (b), it is comprised with the circular steel plate 20 of thickness m which has the notch 21. As shown in FIG. The notch 21 is composed of a hole portion 22 having a radius r centered on the center X of the circular steel plate 20 and a linear gap portion 23 that is linearly extended to the outer periphery by the width of the diameter of the hole portion 22. The radius r of the hole 22 is slightly larger than the diameter of the pivot 6. The diameter of the circular steel plate 20 is set to be slightly smaller than the diameter of the lower flange 13, but this is not particular.

  When the wheel (not shown) wears and the height of the vehicle body B is clearly reduced (for example, 1 to 2 cm), height adjustment is performed during vehicle maintenance. As shown in FIG. 4, the height adjustment method of the railway vehicle is as follows: body support process a → air bleeding process b → spacer mounting process c (see FIG. 2) → air filling process (reverse process of air bleeding process) d → The vehicle body support releasing process (reverse process of the vehicle body supporting process) e is performed. Needless to say, in the normal state where the weight of the vehicle body B acts on the air spring A, the coil spring 19 cannot be extended and the lower flange 13 is in contact with the frame body 4.

  The vehicle body support step a is a step of supporting the vehicle body B in use in a state where it is supported by the carriage D via the air spring A so that the vehicle body B is supported using a support means such as a hydraulic jack, for example. It is. The air bleed process b is a process of evacuating the air in the diaphragm 3 after the vehicle body support process a is completed. The spacer mounting step c is a step in which the spacer S shown in FIG. 3 is inserted between the frame 4 and the lower flange plate 13 in a state where the pivot 6 is inserted into the notch 21. The air filling step d is a step of putting air into the diaphragm 3, and the vehicle body support releasing step e is a step of removing support means such as a hydraulic jack that supports the vehicle body B.

  That is, a railway vehicle having an air spring A interposed between the upper and lower sides of the vehicle body B and the carriage D is prepared, and the used vehicle body B supported by the carriage D through the air spring A cannot be moved downward. It is formed between the upper and lower sides of the inner cylinder 2 and the frame body 4 with the completion of the air venting process b. A spacer mounting step c in which a spacer S is interposed in the gap k. Note that a relationship of L> m is set between the height L of the gap k and the thickness m of the spacer S.

  In the case of adjusting the height in a railway vehicle equipped with the air spring A according to the present invention, the spacer S can be mounted simply by releasing the air from the diaphragm 3 after supporting the vehicle body B so as not to be lowered. The pre-treatment process, jack-up process, cart unloading process, and lifting process, which are necessary for adjustment (see Fig. 5), are no longer necessary, greatly reducing time by reducing the number of processes, simplifying work, Efficiency can be improved.

[Another Example]
The elastic means 7 is not shown, but A configuration is also possible in which an upward hole is formed in the thick plate-made lower flange 13 for each uniform angle around the axis P, and a coil spring is inserted into the upward hole. In addition, 2. A configuration in which a coil spring is inserted into a downward hole formed in the frame 4 is also possible. 3. 3. a structure in which holes are provided in both the lower flange 13 and the frame body 4 and a coil spring is inserted over the upper and lower holes; A configuration in which a leaf spring is placed in a long groove formed on the lower surface side of the lower flange 13 is also possible. 3. And 4. In this configuration, the carriage D is also established as a configuration requirement.

Sectional view showing structure of air spring for railway vehicle (Example 1) Cross section of air spring with diaphragm vented A spacer is shown, (a) is a plan view, (b) is a sectional view. List of steps required for height adjustment work when using the air spring of the present invention List of processes required for height adjustment when using a conventional air spring

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer cylinder 2 Inner cylinder 3 Diaphragm 4 Frame 6 Downward support protrusion 6a Upward hole 7 Elastic means 17 Support hole 19 Coil spring A Air spring B Car body C The part equivalent to the unsprung mass side as an air spring D Carriage S Spacer a Car body Support process b Air bleeding process c Spacer mounting process k Gap

Claims (4)

It has an outer cylinder on the vehicle body side, an inner cylinder that is disposed below and supported by the frame of the carriage, and a diaphragm made of an elastic material that is disposed across the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder. An air spring for a railway vehicle,
Elastic means for allowing a portion corresponding to the unsprung mass side as an air spring including the inner cylinder and the lower part of the diaphragm to float a predetermined amount from the frame between the inner cylinder and the frame. An air spring for railway vehicles that is installed.   The inner cylinder is provided with a downward support projection fitted into a downward support hole formed in the frame body, and a coil spring provided in an upward hole formed in an open state on the lower surface of the downward support projection. The air spring for a railway vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the elastic means is configured by.   The railcar air spring according to claim 2, wherein the support hole is a cylindrical hole having a circular shape in a plan view, and the downward support protrusion is a hollow cylindrical protrusion having a circular shape in a bottom view.   A railway vehicle in which the railcar air spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is provided between the upper and lower sides of the vehicle body and the cart is prepared, and the railcar is supported by the cart via the air spring. A vehicle body support process for supporting the vehicle body in a state where it cannot move downward, an air release process for extracting air from the diaphragm after completion of the vehicle body support process, and the inner cylinder and the frame body upon completion of the air release process. And a spacer mounting step of interposing a spacer in a gap formed between the upper and lower sides of the rail.

Images