JP5048802B2 - Thin hoisting machine for elevator and elevator device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hoisting machine for driving an elevator, and more particularly to a thin hoisting machine suitable for a machine room-less elevator.

Generally, hoisting machines and motor control devices for raising and lowering the elevator car up and down, and governors used for emergency braking when the car is overspeeded are machines installed at the top of the building. It is installed indoors. However, in elevators where the elevator car has a relatively low ascending / descending speed, machine room-less elevators that do not have a machine room are also widespread.

  In the case of this machine room-less elevator, what is conventionally installed in the machine room is installed in the hoistway, and the hoisting machine is also installed in the hoistway. There are various shapes and installation forms of the hoisting machine for this purpose. For example, the hoisting machine is installed so that it partially overlaps the car cross section at the lowermost or uppermost part of the hoistway, or the height of the hoistway There are things that install a hoisting machine in the gap between the carriage and the hoistway wall at the middle of the direction. Normally, the gap between the carriage and the hoistway wall is about several hundred mm, and in order to install the hoisting machine in the gap, a flat hoisting machine is required, so-called thin hoisting machine is used. used.

  With regard to this thin hoisting machine, there are techniques described in, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 for braking the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum. In both cases, brake pads (shoes), etc., which are part of the electromagnetic brake device, are attached at two locations on the left and right sides of the thin hoist.

JP 2004-2038 A JP 2003-104666 A

An example of the hoistway cross section regarding the machine room-less elevator to which the present invention is applied is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the thin hoisting machine 18 is generally installed in a gap of about several hundred mm between the hoistway 15 and the car 17 so as to face the hoistway wall 16. Further, there are many cases in which a counterweight 19 is arranged on the side of the hoisting machine 18. That is, the thin hoisting machine 18 is installed in a form surrounded by the hoistway wall 16, the car 17, and the counterweight 19. Therefore, if the thin hoist 18 can be reduced in size, the cross section of the hoistway 15 can be reduced, and the degree of freedom in layout of devices installed in the hoistway 15 can be increased. For this reason, downsizing of a thin hoist used for a machine room-less elevator, particularly reduction of the axial length and width of the entire hoist is an important technical issue.

  On the other hand, regarding the height dimension of the whole hoisting machine, the hoistway 15 usually has a wide space in the height direction, so that the advantage of reducing the height dimension of the whole thin hoisting machine is small. That is, regarding the machine room-less elevator in which the thin hoisting machine is installed in the middle of the hoistway 15 in the height direction and between the car 17 and the hoistway wall 16, the overall height of the thin hoisting machine is sacrificed. If the axial length and width dimension of the entire thin hoisting machine can be reduced, the value of the machine room-less elevator can be increased.

  However, in a thin hoisting machine that brakes the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum, a brake pad (shoe) that forms a part of an electromagnetic brake device has a hoisting machine outer shape as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 above. It was unavoidable that the entire width of the hoisting machine would be increased by that amount.

  An object of the present invention relates to a thin hoisting machine that brakes the outer peripheral surface of a brake drum, and in view of the above problems, a thin hoisting machine for an elevator that can reduce the width dimension of the entire hoisting machine, and the thin hoisting machine The object is to provide an elevator apparatus using the upper machine.

  By the way, the thin hoisting machine reduces the diameter of the mesh wheel driving the rope in order to increase the driving torque while reducing the thickness of the electric motor, while reducing the diameter of the brake drum to ensure sufficient brake torque. It tends to be larger than the diameter. That is, the thin hoisting machine has one feature that the diameter of the brake drum is larger than the diameter of the mesh wheel. This also reduces the width of the thin hoisting machine that brakes the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum. This is one limitation.

  Therefore, a feature of the present invention for achieving the above object is that a braking unit using an electromagnetic brake device is provided in a thin hoisting machine for an elevator that rotates integrally with a sheave and has a brake drum having a diameter larger than that of the sheave. Is disposed opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum, and the electromagnetic brake device is installed at two places on the upper and lower sides of the hoisting machine casing. Further, the thin hoisting machine is installed in the elevator hoistway. Located between the car and the hoistway wall.

  Here, the upper and lower two locations of the housing are the upper and lower with respect to the horizontal line from the center of the mesh wheel, and at least the upper electromagnetic brake device is within the diameter of the mesh wheel, that is, within the interval between the ropes. Say the area. Thereby, it is suppressed that a width dimension expands by installation of an electromagnetic brake device.

  According to the present invention, the width of the thin hoisting machine that brakes the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum can be reduced, and the layout freedom of the elevator apparatus is increased by arranging the thin hoisting machine in the hoistway. can do.

1 is a front view of an elevator thin hoist according to an embodiment of the present invention. Side view of the thin hoisting machine of FIG. Partial sectional side view of the thin hoisting machine of FIG. Side view of an elevator thin hoist according to another embodiment of the present invention Partial sectional side view of the thin hoisting machine of FIG. Cross section of hoistway of machine room-less elevator to which the present invention is applied Front view of an elevator thin hoist according to another embodiment of the present invention Plan view of the thin hoisting machine of FIG. Side view of the thin hoisting machine of FIG. Side view of an elevator thin hoist according to another embodiment of the present invention

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In these embodiments, in addition to the objects and features of the present invention, effective devices are provided. These points will be described in detail in the examples.

  1 to 3 show an elevator thin hoist according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view, FIG. 2 is a side view, and FIG. 3 is a partial sectional side view. As shown in the figure, this thin hoisting machine is composed of a housing 1, a sheave 2, a main shaft 3, a bearing 4, a brake drum 5, a motor rotor 10, a stator 12, and an electromagnetic brake device 6. Although not shown, a rotation detector or the like is mounted inside the housing 1.

  The casing 1 is formed by casting iron or the like and then machined only in a portion that requires dimensional accuracy. The casing 1 has internal shapes such as a brake drum 5, a motor rotor 10, a stator 12, It has a bottomed cylindrical shape so that the bearing 4, the rotation detector, and the like can be housed inside the housing 1. A boss portion provided in the central portion of the housing 1 is hollow, and the main shaft 3 is inserted into the boss portion to be cantilevered and supported. When installing the thin hoisting machine in the elevator hoistway 15, the casing 1 is fixed to the hoisting machine fixing member attached in the hoistway 15 via a vibration isolating rubber for vibration suppression purposes. is there.

  A cylindrical projection integral with the housing 1 is provided at a position inside the housing 1 and outside the main shaft 3, and a stator 12 of the motor is fitted and fitted on the outer peripheral surface thereof. The stator 12 is mainly composed of a stator core 13 in which electromagnetic steel sheets are laminated, a three-phase stator winding 14 composed of a U phase, a V phase, and a W phase, and an insulating member. The stator winding 14 is a stator. It is disposed in a slot provided in the iron core 13. The stator winding 14 is a concentrated winding 14 whose coil end height is relatively easy to reduce for the purpose of thinning the hoist. Note that the above-described circular projection for fixing the stator 12 is not an integral part of the casing 1 but is a separate member that can be separated from the casing 1 so that the casing 1 is bolted or fitted into the casing 1. It can be anything. Alternatively, the outer periphery of the stator 12 and the tubular projection may be fitted into a gap rather than fitted to each other, and may be fixed to the inner surface of the housing 1 with bolts using a through hole provided in the yoke portion of the stator core 13. good. It is necessary to provide a plurality of through holes in the circumferential direction.

  The end of the main shaft 3 is fixedly supported on the boss provided at the center of the housing 1, and a plurality of bearings 4 are arranged on the other end of the main shaft 3, and the sheave 2 rotates via the bearing 4. It is supported freely. The brake drum 5 faces the stator 12 of the motor and is disposed outside the outer periphery of the stator 12 and inside the housing 1. The brake drum 5 and the sheave 2 are integrally formed of cast iron or the like. However, the brake drum 5 and the sheave 2 may be separated from each other, and may be connected by a bolt or a fitting fit.

  A plurality of permanent magnets 11 are attached to the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 5, and the brake drum 5 constitutes a rotor of a surface magnet type motor that also serves as a rotor yoke. Therefore, in this case, the brake drum 5 needs to be a magnetic body, and cast iron corresponds to it. When the brake drum 5 is a non-magnetic material or when it is a magnetic material but cannot sufficiently function as a rotor yoke, specifically, the magnetic path required for the motor because the brake drum 5 is thin. In the case where the cross section cannot be secured or the material has poor magnetizing characteristics, a magnetic member that is a member different from the brake drum 5 is attached to the inner peripheral surface of the brake drum 5, and the magnetic member that is a member different from the brake drum 5 is attached. The permanent magnet 11 may be affixed to the inner peripheral surface, and the magnetic body is preferably composed of laminated electromagnetic steel sheets in order to suppress iron loss.

  In the case of a laminated electromagnetic steel plate, a rotor of a so-called embedded motor in which the permanent magnet 11 is embedded in the electromagnetic steel plate may be used. The permanent magnet 11 has N and S poles alternately arranged in the circumferential direction, and the number of N and S poles is the same, and the number is half the number of motor poles. The rotor has a shape opposed to the outside of the stator 12 fixed to the housing 1 in the radial direction with an air gap interposed therebetween, and constitutes a so-called outer rotor type motor. The rotational torque generated in the motor unit is transmitted to the sheave 2 via the brake drum 5 and drives a plurality of ropes wound around the sheave 2. The rope suspends the elevator car 17 and the counterweight in a hang-like manner, and the car 17 is moved up and down by driving the rope.

One set of electromagnetic brake devices 6 are fixed to the upper and lower sides of the housing 1, and two sets of independent electromagnetic brake devices 6 are provided as a hoisting machine. The electromagnetic brake device 6 is mainly composed of an electromagnet 7, a brake spring, a brake pad 8, and a brake pad support member 9, and the electromagnetic brake device 6 having the same structure is attached to the top and bottom of the housing 1 one by one.
Holes or notches are provided on the top and bottom of the housing 1, and the brake pad 8 and the brake pad support member 9 are disposed so as to penetrate the holes or notches. The center position in the circumferential direction where the brake pad 8 and the brake drum 5 contact each other is on the center axis in the width direction of the hoisting machine, that is, 180 ° opposite to the rotational axis of the sheave 2 and the brake drum 5. Thus, each of the brake pads 8 is configured such that the force pressing the brake drum 5 from the outer peripheral direction toward the center direction can be offset by the mutual pressing force.

Next, regarding the electromagnetic brake device 6, the thickness of the electromagnetic brake device 6 is the same as or smaller than the axial length of the entire hoisting machine excluding the electromagnetic brake device 6, and the width of the electromagnetic brake device 6 is the same as that of the sheave 2. It shall be smaller than the diameter. If it is the electromagnetic brake device 6 which satisfy | fills this condition, components structure and a shape will not ask | require. For example, in terms of the outer shape of the electromagnet 7, it may be a circle or a square such as a quadrangle.
In the case of a machine room-less elevator using a thin hoist, the contact angle of the rope 20 wound around the sheave 2 is usually about 180 °, and the rope 20 wound around the sheave 2 is It is common to run substantially vertically upward or downward as viewed from the top. Therefore, the structure like the electromagnetic brake device 6 should not exist in the space through which the rope 20 passes. The electromagnetic brake device 6 is fixed by making the thickness of the electromagnetic brake device 6 the same or smaller than the axial length of the hoisting machine excluding the electromagnetic brake device 6 and making the width of the electromagnetic brake device 6 smaller than the diameter of the sheave 2. The electromagnetic brake device 6 excluding the members can be disposed between the ropes and in the dead space at the top of the sheave 2 and the housing 1, and interference between the electromagnetic brake device 6 and the rope can be avoided. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the axial length and the width dimension of the entire thin hoisting machine important as a thin hoisting machine for machine room-less elevators.

On the other hand, by arranging the electromagnetic brake device 6 in the dead space above the sheave 2 and the casing 1, the overall height of the thin hoisting machine tends to increase, but the hoistway 15 is in the height direction. In the machine room-less elevator in which a thin hoisting machine is disposed in the middle of the hoistway 15 in the vertical direction, the advantage of reducing the overall height of the hoisting machine is small.
Next, an embodiment of the electromagnetic brake device 6 for accommodating the electromagnetic brake device 6 in a dead space above the sheave 2 and the housing 1 will be described. In general, the cross-sectional shape of the electromagnet 7 is most efficient when it is circular (perfect circle), and the manufacturability is also good. Generally, as the distance from the circular cross-sectional shape increases, the efficiency and manufacturability of, for example, the rectangular electromagnet 7 deteriorate. Therefore, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic brake device 6 is configured using a circular electromagnet 7.
The outer diameter of the circular electromagnet 7 is set to be equal to or less than the axial length of the entire thin hoisting machine excluding the electromagnetic brake device 6 in order to reduce the axial length of the entire hoisting machine. The shaft length of the entire thin hoist used in a machine room-less elevator with a small passenger capacity is generally required to be a very small shaft length of about several hundreds of millimeters. Reduction is essential. Therefore, in order to keep the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7 within a few tens of mm, the electromagnet 7 core and the braking spring are separated, and a plurality of braking springs are arranged outside the electromagnet 7 core.

  In the electromagnetic brake device 6 for hoisting machines, there is an electromagnet 7 provided with a hole for inserting a brake spring inside the core, and a brake spring is installed in the hole. When the hole is provided, the magnetic path becomes small, and in order to complement it, that is, in order to enlarge the magnetic path, it is common to increase the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7. However, since it is important to reduce the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7 in the present invention, it is possible to reduce the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7 by disposing it outside the core without installing a braking spring inside the core. The shaft length as a thin hoisting machine can be satisfied.

  4 and 5 show another embodiment in particular of a method of fixing between the electromagnetic brake device and the casing, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

In the above embodiment, the electromagnet 7 is directly fixed to the housing 1, but in this embodiment, the electromagnetic brake device 6 is attached to the housing via the fixing member 50. The fixing member 50 in this case can prevent interference with the rope 20 by making it thin so as not to interfere with the rope 20 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the electromagnetic brake device according to the present invention does not include the fixing member 50, and is an embodiment of the present invention in that the electromagnetic brake device 6 is installed in a region sandwiched between the ropes 20. Equivalent to.

  7 to FIG. 9 show other embodiments of the electromagnetic brake component in particular, and the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in the figure, the electromagnetic brake device 6 is mainly composed of an electromagnet 7, a brake spring 51, a brake pad 8, a brake pad support member 9 and an electromagnet support member 50. The electromagnet 7 is mainly a core in which a winding 14 is embedded. And amateurs arranged to face each other through an air gap. A core is fixed to the electromagnet support member 50, and the armature moves relatively during braking operation. The amateur is fixed with a support post connected to the brake pad support member 9, and the brake pad support member 9 is provided with a brake pad 8. The armature, the brake pad support member 9 and the brake pad 8 operate integrally with the support post. To do.

A plurality of braking springs 51 are arranged outside the core. In order to reduce the axial length of the entire hoisting machine and maximize the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7, the entire thin hoisting machine is arranged on the front or rear side. When viewed from above, the brake spring 51 is installed at a position outside the core and on the left and right sides, and further in the axial direction of the hoisting machine so that the brake spring 51 does not protrude from the core. In general, the shaft length of a thin hoist used in a machine room-less elevator is smaller than the diameter of the sheave 2, and therefore, a circular electromagnet 7 having an outer diameter smaller than the shaft length of the entire hoist except the electromagnetic brake device 6 is provided. When used, the outer diameter of the electromagnet 7 is smaller than the diameter of the sheave. Therefore, a dead space exists between the electromagnet 7 and the rope 20, and a braking spring is installed in the dead space.
The outer dimension of the amateur in the width direction of the hoisting machine is larger than that of the core, and one end of the brake spring is fixed to a portion protruding from the core. The other end is fixed to the support member of the core, and the spring force is transmitted to the brake pad 8 through the amateur. On the contrary, when the electromagnet 7 operates, the armature is attracted to the core against the spring force, and the brake pad 8 that operates integrally with the armature is separated from the brake drum 5.

  FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the motor part that constitutes the hoisting machine. In the above-described embodiment, the motor unit is configured as an outer rotor type, but FIG. 10 illustrates an example configured as an inner rotor type. In this case, as shown in the figure, it is only necessary to change the structure around the motor portion from the outer rotor to the inner rotor. In this case, the effect of the present invention, that is, the effect of suppressing the width of the hoisting machine can be achieved. it can.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Housing 2 ... Sheave 3 ... Main shaft 4 ... Bearing 5 ... Brake drum 6 ... Electromagnetic brake device 7 ... Electromagnet 8 ... Brake pad 9 ... Brake pad support member 10 ... Rotor core 11 ... Permanent magnet 12 ... Stator 13 ... Stator iron core 14 ... Stator winding 15 ... Hoistway 16 ... Hoistway Wall 17 ... car 18 ... thin hoist 19 ... balance weight 20 ... rope

Claims (11)

A housing that supports the suspension load of the elevator, a main shaft that is cantilevered and supported by the housing, a sheave that is attached via a bearing that is fixed to the other end of the main shaft, and a sheave that rotates together with the sheave And a thin hoisting machine for an elevator equipped with a brake drum having a larger diameter than the sheave and an electromagnetic brake device for braking the brake drum,
A braking portion by the electromagnetic brake device is disposed opposite to the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum, and the electromagnetic brake device is vertically arranged at two locations on the upper and lower sides of the casing with reference to a horizontal line from the center of the mesh wheel. And arranging at least the upper electromagnetic brake device in a region sandwiched between ropes wound around the mesh wheel,
A thin hoisting machine for an elevator characterized in that a braking spring of the electromagnetic brake device is located outside the electromagnet and is located inside the outer dimension of the electromagnet with respect to the axial direction of the hoisting machine. In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
A thin hoisting machine for an elevator, wherein the electromagnetic brake device fixes the electromagnet to a housing . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
A thin hoisting machine for an elevator, wherein the electromagnetic brake device is fixed to a housing through a holding member . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
The maximum hoisting dimension in the axial direction of the hoisting machine of the electromagnetic brake device is equal to or less than the maximum outer dimension in the axial direction of the entire hoisting machine excluding the electromagnetic brake device. Machine . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
The electromagnetic brake device is a thin hoisting machine for an elevator characterized in that the maximum outer dimension in the diameter direction of the sheave of the electromagnetic brake device is smaller than the diameter of the sheave . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
A thin hoisting machine for an elevator, wherein the electromagnetic brake device is disposed opposite to the brake drum rotating shaft, and is installed at a position where the brake drum pressing forces can be offset from each other . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
The electromagnetic brake device is installed on a central axis in the width direction of the hoisting machine, and a center position for braking the brake drum is a center in the width direction of the hoisting machine . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1 ,
A thin-type hoisting machine for elevators, wherein a three-phase AC motor is built in the casing, the stator winding is a concentrated winding, and the rotor is a magnet motor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged. . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 8,
The stator is a casing, the rotor is fixed to a brake drum, and the stator and the rotor are configured to face each other in a radial direction through an air gap. The diameter of the air gap is larger than the diameter of the sheave. A thin hoisting machine for elevators, characterized by its In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 1,
The elevator apparatus characterized by arrange | positioning the said thin hoisting machine between the platform and the hoistway wall in an elevator hoistway . In the thin hoisting machine for elevators according to claim 10,
The elevator apparatus characterized by arrange | positioning a counterweight in the area | region which is between the said cage | basket | car and a hoistway wall, and is located in parallel with the said thin hoisting machine .

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