JP5025648B2 - 進行型とデノボ型とを識別することによる神経膠腫の診断方法 - Google Patents
進行型とデノボ型とを識別することによる神経膠腫の診断方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の主目的は、ほ乳類、好ましくはヒト被験者、における多形膠芽腫の種類を同定する方法の提供にある。
本発明は、ヒト被験者における多形膠芽腫の種類の同定を補助するインビトロの方法であって、
ヒト被験者から得た脳腫瘍細胞の検査試料と、公知の正常脳腫瘍細胞から得たコントロール試料とにおける、アクセス番号NM_004316であり配列番号3であるAchaete-scute complex-like 1(ASCL1)、アクセス番号NM_005524であり配列番号1であるHairy and Enhancer of Split 1(HES1)、アクセス番号NM_018645であり配列番号5であるHairy and Enhancer of Split 6(HES6)およびアクセス番号NM_005618であり配列番号21であるDelta-like 1(DLL1)である遺伝子の個々の発現レベルを決定し、
前記検査試料における前記遺伝子ASCL1、HES1、HES6およびDLL1の発現レベルを比較し、
前記サンプルにおける前記遺伝子ASCL1、HES6およびDLL1の発現レベルの増加および前記遺伝子HES1の発現レベルの減少により第二次性の多形膠芽腫の存在を指摘する、方法に関する。
組織の採取
インド国バンガロールのスリ・サティア・サイ高等医科学研究所およびマニパル病院において外科手術を受けた患者から、外科的切除の際に、神経膠腫の試料組織を採取した。難治性癲癇の外科手術を受けた患者から、非腫瘍性の脳組織(側頭葉)の試料によって構成されるコントロール試料を採取した。ここでは、異なる悪性度を有する全部で37個の神経膠腫の試料を使用した。組織を二等分し、一方の半片を、液体窒素中で急速冷凍し、RNAを分離するときまで−80℃で保存した。他方の半片は、ホルマリン中に固定し、さらにはパラフィン切片を得る処理をし、組織病理学的な悪性度と神経膠腫の種類とを同定するためにこれらを使用した。
RNAの分離
TRIzol法(インビトロジェン、米国)とRNeasyミディキット(キアゲン)とを組み合わせ、メーカーの使用説明書に従い、凍結組織から総RNAを抽出した。試料RNAを、分光光度計を用いた吸光度測定によって量を測定すると共に、量的および質的な保証を得るためにMOPS-ホルムアルデヒドのゲル上に視覚化した。
定量RT-PCR
所定の遺伝子の発現レベルを、2段階法を用いて相対定量した:第1段階では、高容量型cDNAアーカイブキット(ABIプリズム)を用い、異なる試料組織に由来するRNAからcDNAを産生させた。その後、次に示す遺伝子特異的プライマーセットと、DyNAmo HS SYBR Green qPCRキット(フィンザイムス、フィンランド国)とを用い、当該cDNAをテンプレートにしたリアルタイム定量PCRを実施した:
ASCL1_順方向:5’CTCAACTTCAGCGGCTTTGG3’
ASCL1_逆方向:5’GCTCGCCGGTCTCATCCTAC3’
HES1_順方向:5’ATGGAGAAAAATTCCTCGTCCC3’
HES1_逆方向:5’TTCAGAGCATCCAAAATCAGTGT3’
HES6_順方向:5’CCTTGGTGACCAATGCCAG3’
HES6_逆方向:5’CCTGCAAGCCATCCATCAG3’
DLL1_順方向:5’TCCTGATGACCTCGCAACAGA3’
DLL1_逆方向:5’ACACACGAAGCGGTAGGAGT3’
エービーアイ・プリズム7000/7900(アプライド・バイオシステムズ)配列検出システム内でPCR反応を進行させた。データは、Pfafflにより提案され、有効度の補正を含む相対定量モデル(Pfaffl、2001年)によって解析した。全ての測定を2回実施し、それぞれのqRT-PCRプライマーセットにつき、解析に使用するcDNAプールの連続希釈物を用いて得た標準曲線に基づいて反応効率を評価した。内部コントロールとしては、発現レベルが変化しないことがマイクロアレイによるこれまでの実験によって知られているリボソームタンパクL35aを使用した。異なる4人の癲癇患者から得た正常脳組織試料をリファレンスとして使用した。遺伝子の発現量の増加または減少は、リファレンスにおける平均発現量の2倍以上であるときを有意とした。いくつかの例では、半定量的エンドポイントRT-PCRによってデータを得た。
免疫組織化学
腫瘍およびコントロールの組織から得たパラフィン切片(5□m)を、クロムミョウバンで被覆されたスライド上にならべた状態で、ストレプトアビジン−ビオチン複合体を用いた免疫組織化学や次に示すモノローナル抗体(Mab)/ポリクローナル抗体を用いた免疫ペルオキシダーゼ法に供した:MIB-1(Ki-67モノクローナル抗体、DAKO、デンマーク国;1:50);p53(DO-1、オンコジーン;1:100);EGFR(オンコジーン、1:25);ASCL1(ポリクローナル、シグマ;1:50)。5μmのパラフィン切片を、ごく簡単に、キシレン中で脱パラフィンし、段階的な濃度を有する一連のアルコール中で脱水し、さらにTrisバッファー(50mM、pH7.6)中で15分間リンスした。その後、クエン酸ナトリウムバッファー(10mM、pH6.0)中で切片を700ワットで15〜20分間マイクロ波処理し、パラフィン切片から抗原性物質を回収した。EGFR染色するためには、0.05%のトリプシンによって、37℃で30分間、切片を前処理した。いずれの切片も、Trisバッファーによる洗浄に続き、内在性のペルオキシダーゼを封じるためにメタノールおよび3%の過酸化水素で処理した。バックグラウンド染色を抑制するために、粉乳(3%)またはウシ血清アルブミンを30分間使用した。続いて、一次抗体を加えて2時間経過した後、連関するストレプトアビジン−ビオチン化二次抗体(ユニバーサルLSAB、DAKO)を加えて、切片を培養した。3’3−ジアミノベンジジン(シグマ)を色原性基質として使用した。
患者の臨床診断、p53の発現およびEGFRの発現を考慮しつつ、第一次性または第二次性としてGBMを分類した。第一次性GBM患者の平均年齢は50.6歳であり、症状の平均持続期間は2.7ヶ月であった。いずれの腫瘍においても、高度に多形な、組織病理学的特徴および“壊死領域”の形跡が認められた。いずれの例においても免疫組織化学による均質的なEGFR染色が認められ、5例においてはさらにp53が発現していた。第二次性GBMについては、患者の平均年齢は33.8歳であり、症状の平均持続期間は5.3ヶ月であった。いずれの例においてもp53の免疫反応が一様に認められ、2例においてはさらにEGFRが過剰に発現していた。8例中5例において、II度またはIII度の星状細胞腫から進行していることが組織学的に認められた。
本発明の主要な効果は次である:この方法は、症状が現れる前および現れた後のいずれにおいても有用であり、さらには抗ガン治療の効果をモニターするためにも適用できる。本発明は、進行型とデノボ型という2種類の多形膠芽腫を識別するために有用な方法を提供する。
Claims (3)
- ヒト被験者における多形膠芽腫の種類の同定を補助するインビトロの方法であって、
ヒト被験者から得た脳腫瘍細胞の検査試料と、公知の正常脳腫瘍細胞から得たコントロール試料とにおける、アクセス番号NM_004316であり配列番号3であるAchaete-scute complex-like 1(ASCL1)、アクセス番号NM_005524であり配列番号1であるHairy and Enhancer of Split 1(HES1)、アクセス番号NM_018645であり配列番号5であるHairy and Enhancer of Split 6(HES6)およびアクセス番号NM_005618であり配列番号21であるDelta-like 1(DLL1)である遺伝子それぞれの発現レベルを決定し、
前記検査試料における前記遺伝子ASCL1、HES1、HES6およびDLL1の発現レベルを比較し、
前記サンプルにおける前記遺伝子ASCL1、HES6およびDLL1の発現レベルの増加および前記遺伝子HES1の発現レベルの減少により第二次性の多形膠芽腫の存在を指摘する、方法。 - insitu ハイブリダイゼーション、RT-PCR解析などの核酸検出法においてオリゴヌクレオチドを用いて前記遺伝子のRNA転写物のレベルを調べることによって、または免疫組織化学およびウエスタンブロット解析といったタンパク質検出法において抗体を用いて前記遺伝子のそれぞれのタンパク質のレベルを調べることによって、前記遺伝子の発現レベルを決定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記遺伝子と、EGFR、p53、Ki-67を含む群から選ばれる公知のマーカーとを組み合わせて使用することによって、第二次性の多形膠芽腫の存在を同定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |