JP5010707B2 - Hard coating for cutting tools - Google Patents
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本発明は、エンドミル，ドリル等の切削工具に被覆して耐摩耗性を向上させるための硬質皮膜に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a hard coating for coating a cutting tool such as an end mill or a drill to improve wear resistance.
従来、金属切削用工具に被覆する硬質耐摩耗皮膜としてＴｉＮ，ＴｉＣＮ若しくはＴｉＡｌＮが使用されてきた。特に、特許文献１及び特許文献２に代表されるＴｉＡｌＮ系皮膜はＴｉＮにＡｌを添加することで硬度と耐熱性を改良させたもので、耐摩耗性の良さから焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料を加工するための切削工具用硬質皮膜として広く用いられている。
Conventionally, TiN, TiCN, or TiAlN has been used as a hard wear-resistant coating for coating metal cutting tools. In particular, TiAlN-based coatings represented by Patent Document 1 and
更に、近年では鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性をさらに向上させることが工具に求められてきており、ＴｉＮの代わりにＣｒＮをベースとすることでＴｉＡｌＮ皮膜よりも耐熱性を向上させた特許文献３等に開示されるようなＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜が提案されている。
Furthermore, in recent years, it has been required for tools to further improve the wear resistance against steel materials.
ところで、ＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜はＴｉＡｌＮ皮膜に比べて耐熱性は良いものの硬度がやや小さく、そのため、焼入れ鋼に対する耐摩耗性が十分とは言えない。 By the way, although the AlCrN film has better heat resistance than the TiAlN film, the hardness is slightly smaller, and therefore, it cannot be said that the wear resistance against the hardened steel is sufficient.
本発明は、上述のような現状に鑑み、本発明者等が切削工具用硬質皮膜における皮膜組織、皮膜の機械的特性及び皮膜層構成について研究し、硬質皮膜の硬度及び潤滑性を向上させることにより上記課題を解決できるとの知見を得て完成したもので、従来のＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜に比し、焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する極めて実用性に秀れた切削工具用硬質皮膜を提供するものである。 In view of the present situation as described above, the present inventors have studied the film structure, the mechanical properties of the film and the layer structure of the hard film for cutting tools, and improved the hardness and lubricity of the hard film. The hard coating for cutting tools with excellent practicality that improves the wear resistance of steel materials including hardened steel compared to the conventional AlCrN coating. Is to provide.
本発明の要旨を説明する。 The gist of the present invention will be described.
基材上に形成された切削工具用硬質皮膜であって、この硬質皮膜は少なくとも第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層とが交互に各５層以上積層して成る多層皮膜層を含むものであり、前記第一皮膜層は金属及び半金属成分が原子％で、
Ａｌ（１００−ｘ−ｙ−ｚ）Ｃｒ（ｘ）Ｖ（ｙ）Ｂ（ｚ）
ただし、２０≦ｘ≦４０，２≦ｙ≦１５，２≦ｚ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、前記第二皮膜層は金属及び半金属成分が原子％で、
Ａｌ（１００−α−β−γ−δ）Ｃｒ（α）Ｖ（β）Ｔｉ(γ)Ｂ（δ）
ただし、２０≦α≦４０，２≦β≦１５，０．５≦γ≦１０，２≦δ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、この硬質皮膜全体の膜厚が１μｍ以上７μｍ以下であることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。
A hard film for a cutting tool formed on a base material, and the hard film includes a multilayer film layer in which at least a first film layer and a second film layer are alternately laminated at least 5 layers. The first coating layer has atomic% metal and metalloid components,
Al (100-xyz) Cr (x) V (y) B (z)
However, 20 ≦ x ≦ 40, 2 ≦ y ≦ 15, 2 ≦ z ≦ 15
And the second coating layer is composed of atomic% metal and metalloid components, including N as a nonmetallic element and unavoidable impurities.
Al (100-α-β-γ-δ) Cr (α) V (β) Ti (γ) B (δ)
However, 20 ≦ α ≦ 40, 2 ≦ β ≦ 15, 0.5 ≦ γ ≦ 10, 2 ≦ δ ≦ 15
It is related to a hard film for a cutting tool, characterized in that it contains N as a nonmetallic element and contains inevitable impurities, and the film thickness of the entire hard film is 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
また、請求項１記載の切削工具用硬質皮膜において、前記基材直上には第三皮膜層が設けられ、この第三皮膜層はＴｉを主成分とする窒化物若しくは炭窒化物から成り、この第三皮膜層の膜厚は０．１μｍ〜０．５μｍに設定されていることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。 Further, in the hard film for a cutting tool according to claim 1, a third film layer is provided immediately above the base material, and the third film layer is made of a nitride or carbonitride mainly containing Ti, The thickness of the third coating layer is related to the hard coating for a cutting tool, which is set to 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.
また、請求項１記載の切削工具用硬質皮膜において、前記基材直上には第三皮膜層が設けられ、この第三皮膜層はＣｒを主成分とする窒化物もしくは炭窒化物から成り、この第三皮膜層の膜厚は０．１μｍ〜０．５μｍに設定されていることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。 Further, in the hard coating for a cutting tool according to claim 1, a third coating layer is provided immediately above the base material, and the third coating layer is made of a nitride or carbonitride containing Cr as a main component. The thickness of the third coating layer is related to the hard coating for a cutting tool, which is set to 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.
また、請求項１〜３いずれか１項に記載の切削工具用硬質皮膜において、この硬質皮膜は、膜厚の１０％以下の押し込み深さでナノインデンテーション試験を行なったときに、ＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定される押し込み時の機械的仕事Ｗｔｏｔａｌと弾性変形仕事Ｗｅｌａｓｔの比ηＩＴの値が下式（４）の範囲にあることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。
記
ηＩＴ＝（Ｗｅｌａｓｔ／Ｗｔｏｔａｌ）×１００＝４５〜７０ （４）
Further, in the hard film for a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the hard film is subjected to a nanoindentation test at an indentation depth of 10% or less of the film thickness, and ISO145777-1. : A hard film for a cutting tool characterized in that the ratio η IT of the mechanical work W total and the elastic deformation work W elast at the time of indentation specified in 2002 (E) is in the range of the following formula (4) It is concerned.
Η IT = (W elast / W total ) × 100 = 45 to 70 (4)
また、請求項１〜４いずれか１項に記載の切削工具用硬質皮膜において、この硬質皮膜は、前記第一皮膜層のＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定される押し込み硬さをＨＩＴ１、前記第二皮膜層の前記押し込み硬さをＨＩＴ２、前記第一皮膜層のＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定される押し込み時の機械的仕事Ｗｔｏｔａｌと弾性変形仕事Ｗｅｌａｓｔの比ηＩＴの値をηＩＴ１、前記第二皮膜層の前記ηＩＴの値をηＩＴ２としたとき、下記式（５）及び（６）を満足することを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。
記
ＨＩＴ１＞ＨＩＴ２ （５）
ηＩＴ１＞ηＩＴ２ （６）
Further, in the hard film for a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the hard film has an indentation hardness defined by ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) of the first film layer as H IT1. The indentation hardness of the second coating layer is H IT2 , and the ratio η between the mechanical work W total and the elastic deformation work W elast during the indentation defined by ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) of the first coating layer. iT of the value eta IT1, when said second value of said eta iT coating layer eta IT2, relates to a hard film for a cutting tool, characterized by satisfying the following formulas (5) and (6) It is.
Record
H IT1 > H IT2 (5)
η IT1 > η IT2 (6)
また、請求項１〜５いずれか１項に記載の切削工具用硬質皮膜において、前記基材はＷＣを主成分とする硬質粒子とＣｏを主成分とする結合材からなる超硬合金であって、前記ＷＣ粒子の平均粒径が０．１μｍ〜２μｍに設定され、前記Ｃｏの含有量が重量％で５〜１５％に設定されたものであることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜に係るものである。 The hard film for a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the base material is a cemented carbide composed of hard particles mainly containing WC and a binder mainly containing Co. According to the hard coating for a cutting tool, the average particle diameter of the WC particles is set to 0.1 μm to 2 μm, and the Co content is set to 5 to 15% by weight%. Is.
本発明は上述のように構成したから、皮膜の硬度と潤滑性が向上すると共に靱性が改良され、従来のＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜に比し、焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する極めて実用性に秀れた切削工具用硬質皮膜となる。 Since the present invention is configured as described above, the hardness and lubricity of the coating are improved and the toughness is improved, and the wear resistance to steel materials including hardened steel is improved compared to the conventional AlCrN coating. Excellent hard coating for cutting tools.
好適と考える本発明の実施形態を本発明の作用を示して簡単に説明する。 The preferred embodiment of the present invention will be briefly described by showing the operation of the present invention.
所定の成分から成る第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層とを交互に各５層以上積層させることで、所定の皮膜厚さの範囲で硬度と潤滑性の良さを維持したまま良好な靱性が発揮されて切削時の皮膜破壊を抑制することができ、それだけ焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する。 By laminating five or more layers of the first film layer and the second film layer consisting of predetermined components alternately, good toughness is exhibited while maintaining good hardness and lubricity within the predetermined film thickness range. As a result, film breakage during cutting can be suppressed, and the wear resistance against steel materials including hardened steel is improved accordingly.
本発明の具体的な実施例について図面に基づいて説明する。 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
本実施例は、基材上に形成された切削工具用硬質皮膜であって、この硬質皮膜は少なくとも第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層とが交互に各５層以上積層して成る多層皮膜層を含むものであり、前記第一皮膜層は金属及び半金属成分が原子％で、
Ａｌ（１００−ｘ−ｙ−ｚ）Ｃｒ（ｘ）Ｖ（ｙ）Ｂ（ｚ）
ただし、２０≦ｘ≦４０，２≦ｙ≦１５，２≦ｚ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、前記第二皮膜層は金属及び半金属成分が原子％で、
Ａｌ（１００−α−β−γ−δ）Ｃｒ（α）Ｖ（β）Ｔｉ(γ)Ｂ（δ）
ただし、２０≦α≦４０，２≦β≦１５，０．５≦γ≦１０，２≦δ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、この硬質皮膜全体の膜厚が１μｍ以上７μｍ以下の切削工具用硬質皮膜である。
The present example is a hard film for a cutting tool formed on a base material, and this hard film is a multilayer film layer in which at least a first film layer and a second film layer are alternately laminated at least 5 layers. In the first coating layer, the metal and metalloid components are atomic%,
Al (100-xyz) Cr (x) V (y) B (z)
However, 20 ≦ x ≦ 40, 2 ≦ y ≦ 15, 2 ≦ z ≦ 15
And the second coating layer is composed of atomic% metal and metalloid components, including N as a nonmetallic element and unavoidable impurities.
Al (100-α-β-γ-δ) Cr (α) V (β) Ti (γ) B (δ)
However, 20 ≦ α ≦ 40, 2 ≦ β ≦ 15, 0.5 ≦ γ ≦ 10, 2 ≦ δ ≦ 15
It is a hard film for a cutting tool that contains N as a non-metallic element and includes inevitable impurities, and has a film thickness of 1 to 7 μm.
各部を具体的に説明する。 Each part will be specifically described.
基材は、ＷＣ（タングステンカーバイド）を主成分とする硬質粒子とＣｏ（コバルト）を主成分とする結合材とから成る超硬合金製のものが採用されている。具体的には、前記ＷＣ粒子の平均粒径が０．１μｍ〜２μｍに設定され、前記Ｃｏの含有量が重量％で５〜１５％に設定されたものが採用されている。 As the base material, a cemented carbide alloy composed of hard particles mainly composed of WC (tungsten carbide) and a binder mainly composed of Co (cobalt) is employed. Specifically, the average particle diameter of the WC particles is set to 0.1 μm to 2 μm, and the Co content is set to 5 to 15% by weight.
この基材の直上には、Ｔｉ（チタン）を主成分とする窒化物若しくは炭窒化物から成る第三皮膜層が設けられている。この第三皮膜層の膜厚は０．１μｍ〜０．５μｍに設定されている。尚、第三皮膜層として、Ｃｒ（クロム）を主成分とする窒化物若しくは炭窒化物を採用しても良い。この場合も膜厚は０．１μｍ〜０．５μｍに設定すると良い。 A third film layer made of a nitride or carbonitride containing Ti (titanium) as a main component is provided immediately above the base material. The film thickness of the third coating layer is set to 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm. In addition, you may employ | adopt the nitride or carbonitride which has Cr (chromium) as a main component as a 3rd film layer. Also in this case, the film thickness is preferably set to 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.
この第三皮膜層の上には、第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層とを交互に各５層以上積層して成る多層皮膜層が設けられている。 On the third coating layer, there is provided a multilayer coating layer formed by alternately laminating five or more first coating layers and second coating layers.
また、本実施例は、硬質皮膜の膜厚の１０％以下の押し込み深さでナノインデンテーション試験を行なったときに、ＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定される押し込み時の機械的仕事Ｗｔｏｔａｌと弾性変形仕事Ｗｅｌａｓｔの比ηＩＴの値が、次式ηＩＴ＝（Ｗｅｌａｓｔ／Ｗｔｏｔａｌ）×１００＝４５〜７０の範囲となるように構成される。 Further, in this example, when the nanoindentation test was performed at an indentation depth of 10% or less of the film thickness of the hard coating, the mechanical work W at the indentation specified in ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) The value of the ratio η IT between the total and the elastic deformation work W elast is configured to be in the range of the following formula η IT = (W elast / W total ) × 100 = 45-70.
更に具体的には、第一皮膜層のＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定される押し込み硬さをＨＩＴ１、第二皮膜層の前記押し込み硬さをＨＩＴ２、第一皮膜層の前記ηＩＴの値をηＩＴ１、第二皮膜層の前記ηＩＴの値をηＩＴ２としたとき、ＨＩＴ１＞ＨＩＴ２及びηＩＴ１＞ηＩＴ２を満足するように構成される。 More specifically, the indentation hardness defined by ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) of the first coating layer is H IT1 , the indentation hardness of the second coating layer is H IT2 , and the η of the first coating layer is IT of the value eta IT1, when the value of the eta IT second coating layer was eta IT2, configured so as to satisfy H IT1> H IT2 and η IT1> η IT2.
上記構成を採用した理由及び上記構成による作用効果を以下に説明する。 The reason why the above configuration is adopted and the operation and effect of the above configuration will be described below.
はじめに、（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第一皮膜層）について、その組成を上述の範囲に設定した理由を述べる。 First, the reason why the composition of the (AlCrVB) N coating (first coating layer) is set within the above range will be described.
本発明者等は、ＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜に種々の第３元素を入れた皮膜について研究し、Ｖ及びＢを所定量含有させることで鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性を向上できることを発見した。皮膜の硬度と潤滑性が改善されたためと考える。 The inventors of the present invention have studied a film in which various third elements are added to an AlCrN film, and have found that the wear resistance against a steel material can be improved by containing a predetermined amount of V and B. This is thought to be due to the improved hardness and lubricity of the film.
Ｂについては、金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＢ量が２％に満たない場合その効果は小さいが、２％以上で硬度の向上効果が現れる。そして、Ｂ含有量が１５％を超えると硬度の値はあまり変化しなくなる。ＢはＡｌやＣｒに比べて高価な元素であるので、皮膜硬度と経済性を考慮して、切削工具用硬質皮膜の組成範囲として、金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＢ量が２％以上、１５％以下とした。 As for B, the effect is small when the atomic percentage of only metal and metalloid is less than 2%, but the effect of improving the hardness appears at 2% or more. When the B content exceeds 15%, the hardness value does not change much. Since B is an expensive element compared to Al and Cr, considering the film hardness and economy, the composition range of the hard film for cutting tools is 2% or more in terms of atomic% of only metal and semimetal. 15% or less.
また、Ｖについては、金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＶ量が２％に満たない場合その効果は小さいが、２％以上で潤滑性の向上効果が現れ、その皮膜を被覆した工具の鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する。一方、Ｖ含有量を多くしすぎると皮膜の硬度が低下し、鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が低下してくる。また、ＶはＡｌやＣｒに比べて極めて高価な元素であるので、皮膜の潤滑性及び硬度と経済性とを考慮して、切削工具用硬質皮膜の組成範囲として、金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＶ量が２％以上、１５％以下とした。 As for V, the effect is small when the amount of V is less than 2% when the amount of V is less than 2% by atomic% of only metals and metalloids, but the effect of improving lubricity appears at 2% or more, and the steel of the tool coated with the film. Abrasion resistance to the material is improved. On the other hand, when the V content is excessively increased, the hardness of the coating is lowered and the wear resistance against the steel material is lowered. Further, since V is an extremely expensive element compared with Al and Cr, the composition range of the hard film for a cutting tool is considered to be an atom composed only of metal and metalloid in consideration of the lubricity, hardness, and economy of the film. %, The V amount was 2% or more and 15% or less.
超硬合金製エンドミルに（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ単層皮膜を被覆してＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）に切削テストを行ったところ、ＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜に比べて摩耗量の少ない良好な結果が得られた。Ｖ及びＢを所定量含有させたことで皮膜の硬度と潤滑性が改善されたためと考える。 When an end mill made of cemented carbide was coated with an (AlCrVB) N single layer coating and a cutting test was performed on the SKD61 hardened material (50HRC), a good result with less wear compared to the AlCrN coating was obtained. This is considered to be because the hardness and lubricity of the film were improved by containing predetermined amounts of V and B.
しかし、皮膜厚さを４〜５μｍ以上に厚くすると、工具の摩耗量が不安定となり、切削テストの結果がばらつくようになった。切削後の工具を仔細に眺めると、皮膜が部分的に破壊して剥離したと思われる痕跡が見られる場合があった。 However, when the film thickness was increased to 4 to 5 μm or more, the amount of wear of the tool became unstable, and the results of the cutting test varied. When the tool after cutting was looked closely, there was a case where a trace that the film was thought to be partially broken and peeled was observed.
ところで，ＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）で規定されるηＩＴの値は皮膜の塑性変形のしやすさを表しており、ηＩＴの値が小さいほど塑性変形しやすい皮膜であることを意味している。ηＩＴの値がより小さい皮膜を作成すれば、塑性変形しやすいことから靭性が高くなって切削時の皮膜破壊が起こりにくくなり、皮膜厚さを４〜５μｍ以上に厚くしても安定した切削が実現できるのではないかと考えた。 Incidentally, ISO14577-1: 2002 value of eta IT defined by (E) represents the ease of plastic deformation of the film, which means that the value of eta IT is plastically deformable film smaller ing. If a coating with a smaller value of η IT is created, it is easy to plastically deform, so that the toughness is increased and the coating is less likely to break during cutting. Stable cutting even when the coating thickness is increased to 4-5 μm or more. I thought that could be realized.
そこで、本発明者等は（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜をベースに鋭意研究した結果、（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第一皮膜層）と（ＡｌＣｒＶＴｉＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第二皮膜層）を交互に各５層以上積層した多層皮膜層を用いることで、硬度と潤滑性の良さを維持したままηＩＴの値を低減できて切削時の皮膜破壊が抑えられ，皮膜厚さが１μｍ〜７μｍの広い範囲で安定的に工具摩耗の少ない良好な切削性能が得られることを見出した。皮膜厚さが１μｍ未満では膜厚が薄すぎて工具の摩耗を抑制する効果が小さくなり、皮膜厚さが７μｍを超えると皮膜応力が大きくなりすぎて切削時の皮膜破壊が生じる可能性が高くなる。そのため、皮膜全体の膜厚を１μｍ以上７μｍ以下にするのが望ましい。 Therefore, as a result of intensive studies based on the (AlCrVB) N coating, the present inventors have found that (AlCrVB) N coating (first coating layer) and (AlCrVTB) N coating (second coating layer) are alternately 5 layers or more. by using the stacked multilayer coating layer, the film breaking during cutting is suppressed by can be reduced values remain eta iT maintaining the good hardness and lubricity, stable film thickness in a wide range of 1μm~7μm It was found that good cutting performance with little tool wear was obtained. When the film thickness is less than 1 μm, the film thickness is too thin and the effect of suppressing the wear of the tool is reduced. When the film thickness exceeds 7 μm, the film stress becomes too large and there is a high possibility of film breakage during cutting. Become. Therefore, it is desirable that the film thickness of the entire film is 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
次に、（ＡｌＣｒＶＴｉＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第二皮膜層）について、その組成を上述の範囲に設定した理由を述べる。 Next, the reason why the composition of the (AlCrVTiB) N coating (second coating layer) is set in the above range will be described.
研究過程で（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜にＴｉを添加することでηＩＴの値を低減できることを発見したが、同時に硬度も少し下がった。金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＴｉ量が０．５％に満たない場合ηＩＴ値の低減効果が小さく、一方、Ｔｉ量が１０％を超えると硬度が低くなりすぎる。 It found that can reduce the value of eta IT by adding Ti to (AlCrVB) N film in the course of the study, but hardness dropped slightly at the same time. When the amount of Ti is less than 0.5% with only atomic% of metals and metalloids, the effect of reducing the η IT value is small, whereas when the amount of Ti exceeds 10%, the hardness becomes too low.
そこで、金属及び半金属のみの原子％でＴｉ量を０．５％以上１０％以下とした。（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ単層皮膜は硬度と潤滑性に優れるものの靭性がやや低く、そのため被削材種や皮膜厚さによっては切削中に皮膜破壊が生じて工具摩耗が大きくなる場合があったと考えられるが、（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜よりもηＩＴ値の低い（ＡｌＣｒＶＴｉＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第二皮膜層）を（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第一皮膜層）と積層させることで、第一皮膜層の硬度の高さと第二皮膜層の靭性の良さを両立させることができたものと考える。 Therefore, the Ti amount is set to 0.5% or more and 10% or less by atomic% of only metal and metalloid. Although the (AlCrVB) N single layer film is excellent in hardness and lubricity, the toughness is somewhat low, so depending on the work material type and film thickness, it is considered that the film breakage may occur during cutting and tool wear may increase. However, by laminating the (AlCrVTiB) N film (second film layer) having a lower η IT value than the (AlCrVB) N film with the (AlCrVB) N film (first film layer), the hardness of the first film layer It is considered that both the height and the good toughness of the second coating layer could be achieved.
また、第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層の積層数が少なすぎると最表層の皮膜層が皮膜全体の特性を支配する傾向が強まり積層の効果が低減するので、第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層を交互に各５層以上積層するのが望ましい。 In addition, if the number of the first coating layer and the second coating layer is too small, the outermost coating layer tends to dominate the characteristics of the entire coating, and the effect of the lamination is reduced. It is desirable to laminate five or more layers alternately.
また、皮膜全体のηＩＴ値を小さくしすぎると皮膜全体の硬度も低下してしまい、ηＩＴ値を大きくしすぎると靭性が不十分となるので、ηＩＴ値を４５以上７０以下とするのが望ましい。より望ましくはηＩＴ値を４５以上６５以下とするのが良い。また、（ＡｌＣｒＶＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第一皮膜層）は靭性よりも硬度を重視した皮膜なので、（ＡｌＣｒＶＴｉＢ）Ｎ皮膜（第二皮膜層）よりも押し込み硬さＨＩＴが大きいことが望ましい。 Further, if the η IT value of the entire film is made too small, the hardness of the entire film is also lowered, and if the η IT value is made too large, the toughness becomes insufficient, so the η IT value is set to 45 or more and 70 or less. Is desirable. More preferably, the η IT value is 45 or more and 65 or less. Further, (AlCrVB) N film (first coating layer) Since film with an emphasis on hardness than toughness, (AlCrVTiB) N film (second coating layer) is desirably greater hardness H IT indentation than.
水溶性切削油あるいは不水溶性切削油を使用した鉄鋼材料の切削加工では工具に激しい熱サイクル（ヒートショック）が作用するが、基材と多層皮膜層との密着性が十分でない場合、その熱サイクルに伴う熱応力によって基材と多層皮膜層とが部分的に剥離を起こして工具の耐摩耗性を劣化させる問題がある。 When cutting steel materials using water-soluble or water-insoluble cutting oil, a severe thermal cycle (heat shock) acts on the tool, but if the adhesion between the substrate and the multilayer coating layer is not sufficient, the heat There is a problem that the wear resistance of the tool deteriorates due to partial peeling between the base material and the multilayer coating layer due to the thermal stress accompanying the cycle.
そこで、基材と多層皮膜層との密着性を向上させるために、超硬合金や高速度鋼などとの密着性に優れるＴｉを主成分とする窒化物若しくは炭窒化物を下地膜（第三皮膜層）として基材直上に形成することが望ましい。または、Ｃｒを主成分とする窒化物若しくは炭窒化物を下地膜として基材直上に形成しても良い。下地膜の膜厚は、薄すぎると密着性向上の効果が小さくなり、逆に厚すぎると皮膜全体の硬度を低下させてしまうので、０．１μｍ〜０．５μｍの厚さで形成することが望ましい。 Therefore, in order to improve the adhesion between the base material and the multilayer coating layer, a nitride or carbonitride mainly composed of Ti, which has excellent adhesion to cemented carbide or high speed steel, is used as a base film (third It is desirable to form it as a coating layer) directly on the substrate. Alternatively, a nitride or carbonitride containing Cr as a main component may be formed directly on the substrate as a base film. If the thickness of the underlying film is too thin, the effect of improving the adhesion is reduced, and conversely, if it is too thick, the hardness of the entire film is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to form the film with a thickness of 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm. desirable.
また、本発明の硬質皮膜は鉄鋼材料用切削工具向けに発明されたものであるが、その基材としては、ＷＣを主成分とする硬質粒子とＣｏを主成分とする結合材からなる超硬合金が、鉄鋼材料用切削工具として硬度と靭性のバランスが取れた材料であることから望ましい。ＷＣ粒子の平均粒径を小さくしすぎると、結合材中にＷＣ粒子を均一に分散させることが難しくなり、超硬合金の抗折力低下を引き起こしやすい。一方、ＷＣ粒子を大きくしすぎると超硬合金の硬度が低下する。また、Ｃｏ含有量を少なくしすぎると超硬合金の抗折力が低下し、逆にＣｏ含有量を多くしすぎると超硬合金の硬度が低下する。そのため、ＷＣ粒子の平均粒径が０．１μｍ〜２μｍであり、Ｃｏ含有量が重量％で５〜１５％の超硬合金を基材とすることが望ましい。 In addition, the hard coating of the present invention was invented for a steel material cutting tool, and the base material thereof is a cemented carbide composed of hard particles mainly composed of WC and a binder mainly composed of Co. An alloy is desirable because it is a material that balances hardness and toughness as a cutting tool for steel materials. If the average particle size of the WC particles is too small, it will be difficult to uniformly disperse the WC particles in the binder, which tends to cause a reduction in the bending strength of the cemented carbide. On the other hand, if the WC particles are too large, the hardness of the cemented carbide decreases. Further, if the Co content is too small, the bending strength of the cemented carbide decreases, and conversely if the Co content is excessively increased, the hardness of the cemented carbide decreases. Therefore, it is desirable to use a cemented carbide having a mean particle size of WC particles of 0.1 μm to 2 μm and a Co content of 5 to 15% by weight as a base material.
本実施例は上述のように構成したから、所定の皮膜厚さの範囲で硬度と潤滑性の良さを維持したまま良好な靱性が発揮されて切削時の皮膜破壊を抑制することができ、それだけ焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する。 Since the present embodiment is configured as described above, good toughness is exhibited while maintaining good hardness and lubricity within a predetermined film thickness range, and the film breakage during cutting can be suppressed. Abrasion resistance to steel materials including hardened steel is improved.
よって、本実施例は、皮膜の硬度と潤滑性が向上すると共に靱性が改良され、従来のＡｌＣｒＮ皮膜に比し、焼入れ鋼を含む鉄鋼材料に対する耐摩耗性が向上する極めて実用性に秀れたものとなる。 Therefore, this example was improved in the hardness and lubricity of the film and improved in toughness, and compared with the conventional AlCrN film, the abrasion resistance against steel materials including hardened steel was improved and was extremely practical. It will be a thing.
以下、本実施例の効果を裏付ける実験例について説明する。 Hereinafter, experimental examples supporting the effects of the present embodiment will be described.
［実験例１］
成膜装置としてアーク放電式イオンプレーティング装置を用い、金属及び半金属成分の蒸発源として所定の組成のターゲットを成膜装置内に取り付け、反応ガスとしてＮ２ガスを成膜装置内に導入して、超硬合金基材直上に０．３μｍ厚さのＴｉＮ皮膜層（下地膜）を成膜しその上に（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２９Ｖ５Ｂ５）Ｎ単層皮膜を形成したサンプルと、超硬合金基材直上に０．３μｍ厚さのＴｉＮ皮膜層（下地膜）を成膜しその上に（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２６Ｖ５Ｔｉ３Ｂ５）Ｎ単層皮膜を形成したサンプルを作成した。夫々、下地膜を含めた皮膜厚さを約３．５μｍとした。
[Experimental Example 1]
An arc discharge ion plating apparatus is used as a film forming apparatus, a target having a predetermined composition is attached to the film forming apparatus as an evaporation source for metal and metalloid components, and N 2 gas is introduced into the film forming apparatus as a reaction gas. Then, a sample in which a TiN film layer (undercoat film) having a thickness of 0.3 μm is formed directly on the cemented carbide substrate and an (Al 61 Cr 29 V 5 B 5 ) N single layer film is formed thereon, A sample was prepared in which a TiN film layer (underlayer film) having a thickness of 0.3 μm was formed directly on the hard alloy substrate, and an (Al 61 Cr 26 V 5 Ti 3 B 5 ) N single layer film was formed thereon. In each case, the film thickness including the base film was about 3.5 μm.
そして、夫々の皮膜に対して当該皮膜の膜厚の１０％以下の押し込み深さでＩＳＯ１４５７７−１：２００２（Ｅ）の規定に従いナノインデンテーション試験を行った。圧子はビッカース圧子を用いた。夫々の皮膜の「圧子押し込み深さ−圧子押し込み荷重」曲線を図１に示す。図１にはηＩＴとＨＩＴの測定値も示している。尚、図１（ａ）が（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２９Ｖ５Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜の試験結果、図１（ｂ）が（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２６Ｖ５Ｔｉ３Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜の試験結果である。 Then, a nanoindentation test was performed on each of the coatings at an indentation depth of 10% or less of the thickness of the coatings in accordance with ISO14577-1: 2002 (E). A Vickers indenter was used as the indenter. The “indenter indentation depth-indenter indentation load” curve of each film is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 also shows the measured values of η IT and H IT . 1A shows the test result of the (Al 61 Cr 29 V 5 B 5 ) N film, and FIG. 1B shows the test result of the (Al 61 Cr 26 V 5 Ti 3 B 5 ) N film.
図１から、（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２６Ｖ５Ｔｉ３Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜の方がηＩＴの値が低く、（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２９Ｖ５Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜の方がＨＩＴの値が高くなっていることが認められる。 From Figure 1, (Al 61 Cr 26 V 5 Ti 3 B 5) the value of it is eta IT of N film is low, high values it is of H IT of (Al 61 Cr 29 V 5 B 5) N film It is recognized that
［実験例２］
外径３ｍｍの超硬合金製２枚刃ボールエンドミルと外径４ｍｍの超硬合金製４枚刃スクエアエンドミルをアーク放電式イオンプレーティング装置内に取り付け、実験例１と同様の条件で成膜しサンプルを作成した。具体的には、超硬合金基材直上に０．３μｍ厚さのＴｉＮ皮膜層（下地膜）を成膜しその上に（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２９Ｖ５Ｂ５）Ｎ単層皮膜を形成したサンプルＮｏ．１と、超硬合金基材直上に０．３μｍ厚さのＴｉＮ皮膜層（下地膜）を成膜しその上に（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２６Ｖ５Ｔｉ３Ｂ５）Ｎ単層皮膜を形成したサンプルＮｏ．２を作成した。また、実験例２では、超硬合金基材直上に０．３μｍ厚さのＴｉＮ皮膜層（下地膜）を成膜しその上に（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２９Ｖ５Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜層と（Ａｌ６１Ｃｒ２６Ｖ５Ｔｉ３Ｂ５）Ｎ皮膜層を交互に各４０層積層したサンプルＮｏ．３も作成した。下地膜を含めた皮膜厚さはＮｏ．１〜３の３種類の皮膜のいずれも約３．５μｍとした。
[Experiment 2]
A 2 mm ball end mill made of cemented carbide with an outer diameter of 3 mm and a 4 flute square end mill made of cemented carbide with an outer diameter of 4 mm were mounted in an arc discharge ion plating apparatus, and the film was formed under the same conditions as in Experimental Example 1. A sample was created. Specifically, a sample in which a TiN film layer (undercoat film) having a thickness of 0.3 μm is formed directly on the cemented carbide substrate and an (Al 61 Cr 29 V 5 B 5 ) N single layer film is formed thereon. No. 1 and a sample in which a 0.3 μm-thick TiN film layer (underlayer film) is formed directly on the cemented carbide substrate and an (Al 61 Cr 26 V 5 Ti 3 B 5 ) N single layer film is formed thereon. No. 2 was created. In Experimental Example 2, a TiN film layer (undercoat film) having a thickness of 0.3 μm is formed directly on the cemented carbide substrate, and (Al 61 Cr 29 V 5 B 5 ) N film layer and (Al 61 Cr 26 V 5 Ti 3 B 5 ) Sample No. 40 in which 40 layers of N coating layers were alternately laminated. 3 was also created. The film thickness including the base film is No. Each of the three types of coatings 1 to 3 was about 3.5 μm.
夫々の皮膜を被覆したボールエンドミルとスクエアエンドミルを用いて切削試験を行なった。切削試験はＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）とＳ５０Ｃ生材(焼鈍材）の２種類の被削材を切削した。ＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）に対しては、ボールエンドミルを２００００ｍｉｎ−１の回転速度で回転させ、送り速度１６８０ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ、切り込み量Ａｄ＝０．２４ｍｍ、Ｐｆ＝０．７２ｍｍとし、水溶性切削油をクーラントとして切削試験を行った。また、Ｓ５０Ｃ生材(焼鈍材）に対しては、スクエアエンドミルを７８００ｍｉｎ−１にて回転させ、送り速度７２０ｍｍ/ｍｉｎ、切り込み量Ａｄ＝４ｍｍとして、乾式条件下で溝加工を行った。切削試験の結果を図２に示す。図２には各皮膜のナノインデンテーション試験より得られた諸特性も示す。 Cutting tests were performed using a ball end mill and a square end mill coated with the respective films. In the cutting test, two kinds of work materials, that is, SKD61 hardened material (50HRC) and S50C raw material (annealed material) were cut. For the SKD61 hardened material (50HRC), the ball end mill is rotated at a rotational speed of 20000 min −1 , the feed rate is 1680 mm / min, the cutting amount Ad = 0.24 mm, and Pf = 0.72 mm. A cutting test was conducted using as a coolant. Further, for the S50C raw material (annealed material), a square end mill was rotated at 7800 min −1 , and grooving was performed under a dry condition with a feed rate of 720 mm / min and a cutting amount Ad = 4 mm. The result of the cutting test is shown in FIG. FIG. 2 also shows various characteristics obtained from the nanoindentation test of each film.
図２から、Ｎｏ．１の皮膜は高いＨＩＴを有し、硬度の高いＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）に対して良好な耐摩耗性を示すものの、軟質のＳ５０Ｃ生材（焼鈍材）に対する耐摩耗性が十分とは言えない。一方、Ｎｏ．２の皮膜は低いηＩＴを有し、軟質のＳ５０Ｃ生材（焼鈍材）に対して良好な耐摩耗性を示すものの、硬度の高いＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）に対する耐摩耗性が十分とは言えない。本実施例である、高いＨＩＴを有する皮膜層と低いηＩＴを有する皮膜層を積層させたＮｏ．３の皮膜は、どちらの被削材に対しても良好な耐摩耗性を有していることが認められる。 From FIG. 1 of the film has a high H IT, while indicating good abrasion resistance against high hardness SKD61 sintered Irizai (50 HRC), the wear resistance against soft S50C green wood (annealed material) and sufficient I can not say. On the other hand, no. The film of No. 2 has a low η IT and exhibits good wear resistance against soft S50C raw material (annealed material), but has sufficient wear resistance against hard SKD61 hardened material (50HRC). I can not say. An embodiment, by laminating a film layer having a coating layer and lower eta IT with high H IT No. It can be seen that the film No. 3 has good wear resistance for both work materials.
［実験例３］
成膜装置としてアーク放電式イオンプレーティング装置を用い、金属及び半金属成分の蒸発源として各種組成のターゲットを成膜装置内に取り付け、また、反応ガスとしてＮ２ガスを成膜装置内に導入して、成膜基材としての超硬合金製２枚刃ボールエンドミル（外径３ｍｍ）に所定の皮膜を成膜した。成膜は、Ｎ２ガス圧を３〜１０Ｐａとし、基材に−１００〜−３００Ｖのバイアス電圧を印加して行なった。基材の超硬合金はＷＣを主成分とする硬質粒子とＣｏを主成分とする結合材からなり、ＷＣ粒子の平均粒径が１μｍ、Ｃｏ含有量が８重量％のものを使用した。成膜に当たっては、全皮膜の膜厚が３．０〜４．０μｍになるようにエンドミルに成膜した。所定の皮膜を被覆したエンドミルを用いて、次の切削条件で切削試験を行い。エンドミル逃げ面の摩耗幅を測定した。
[Experiment 3]
An arc discharge ion plating apparatus is used as a film forming apparatus, targets of various compositions are attached to the film forming apparatus as evaporation sources of metal and metalloid components, and N 2 gas is introduced into the film forming apparatus as a reaction gas. Then, a predetermined film was formed on a cemented carbide two-blade ball end mill (outer diameter: 3 mm) as a film forming substrate. The film formation was performed by setting the N 2 gas pressure to 3 to 10 Pa and applying a bias voltage of −100 to −300 V to the substrate. The base cemented carbide was composed of hard particles mainly composed of WC and a binder mainly composed of Co. The WC particles had an average particle diameter of 1 μm and a Co content of 8% by weight. In forming the film, the film was formed on an end mill so that the film thickness of the entire film was 3.0 to 4.0 μm. Using an end mill coated with a predetermined film, a cutting test is performed under the following cutting conditions. The wear width of the end mill flank was measured.
切削試験として、被削材をＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）とし、湿式条件下で切削を行った。外径３ｍｍのエンドミルを２００００ｍｉｎ−１の回転速度で回転させ、送り速度１６８０ｍｍ/ｍｉｎ、切り込み量Ａｄ＝０．２４ｍｍ、Ｐｆ＝０．７２ｍｍとし、水溶性切削油をクーラントとして試験を行った。切削試験の結果を図３に示す。 As a cutting test, the work material was SKD61 hardened material (50HRC), and cutting was performed under wet conditions. An end mill with an outer diameter of 3 mm was rotated at a rotational speed of 20000 min −1 , a feed rate of 1680 mm / min, a cutting amount Ad = 0.24 mm, Pf = 0.72 mm, and a test was performed using water-soluble cutting oil as a coolant. The result of the cutting test is shown in FIG.
尚、図３中Ｎｏ．３〜７は第一皮膜層と第二皮膜層を各５層以上積層したものである（Ｎｏ．３は前述の実験例２（図２）におけるＮｏ．３の皮膜が被覆されたボールエンドミル（ＳＫＤ６１焼入材（５０ＨＲＣ）を切削したもの）である。）。また、Ｎｏ．３〜７のηＩＴ値は４５〜７０である。また、Ｎｏ．８，９は第一皮膜層欄の皮膜を単層成膜したものである。 In FIG. Nos. 3 to 7 are obtained by laminating five or more layers of the first coating layer and the second coating layer (No. 3 is a ball end mill coated with the coating of No. 3 in the above-described experimental example 2 (FIG. 2)). SKD61 hardened material (50HRC) is cut)). No. The η IT value of 3-7 is 45-70. No. Nos. 8 and 9 are films in which the first film layer column is formed as a single layer.
図３から本実施例は比較例に比べてエンドミル逃げ面摩耗幅の低減、すなわち、耐摩耗性の向上が認められる。 FIG. 3 shows that the present embodiment shows a reduction in end mill flank wear width, that is, an improvement in wear resistance, as compared with the comparative example.
Claims (6)
Ａｌ（１００−ｘ−ｙ−ｚ）Ｃｒ（ｘ）Ｖ（ｙ）Ｂ（ｚ）
ただし、２０≦ｘ≦４０，２≦ｙ≦１５，２≦ｚ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、前記第二皮膜層は金属及び半金属成分が原子％で、
Ａｌ（１００−α−β−γ−δ）Ｃｒ（α）Ｖ（β）Ｔｉ(γ)Ｂ（δ）
ただし、２０≦α≦４０，２≦β≦１５，０．５≦γ≦１０，２≦δ≦１５
と表され、非金属元素としてＮを含み不可避不純物を含むものであり、この硬質皮膜全体の膜厚が１μｍ以上７μｍ以下であることを特徴とする切削工具用硬質皮膜。 A hard film for a cutting tool formed on a base material, and the hard film includes a multilayer film layer in which at least a first film layer and a second film layer are alternately laminated at least 5 layers. The first coating layer has atomic% metal and metalloid components,
Al (100-xyz) Cr (x) V (y) B (z)
However, 20 ≦ x ≦ 40, 2 ≦ y ≦ 15, 2 ≦ z ≦ 15
And the second coating layer is composed of atomic% metal and metalloid components, including N as a nonmetallic element and unavoidable impurities.
Al (100-α-β-γ-δ) Cr (α) V (β) Ti (γ) B (δ)
However, 20 ≦ α ≦ 40, 2 ≦ β ≦ 15, 0.5 ≦ γ ≦ 10, 2 ≦ δ ≦ 15
A hard film for a cutting tool, characterized in that it contains N as a nonmetallic element and contains unavoidable impurities, and the film thickness of the entire hard film is 1 μm or more and 7 μm or less.
記
ηＩＴ＝（Ｗｅｌａｓｔ／Ｗｔｏｔａｌ）×１００＝４５〜７０ （１） The hard film for a cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hard film is subjected to a nanoindentation test at an indentation depth of 10% or less of the film thickness, and ISO14577-1: 2002. A hard coating for a cutting tool, characterized in that the ratio η IT of the mechanical work W total and the elastic deformation work W elast at the time of indentation defined by (E) is in the range of the following formula (1).
Η IT = (W elast / W total ) × 100 = 45 to 70 (1)
記
ＨＩＴ１＞ＨＩＴ２ （２）
ηＩＴ１＞ηＩＴ２ （３） 5. The hard film for a cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the hard film has an indentation hardness defined by ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) of the first film layer as H IT1 , The indentation hardness of the second film layer is H IT2 , and the ratio η IT of the mechanical work W total and the elastic deformation work W elast at the time of indentation defined by ISO14577-1: 2002 (E) of the first film layer A hard film for a cutting tool satisfying the following expressions (2) and (3), where η IT1 is the value and η IT2 is the value of η IT of the second film layer.
Record
H IT1 > H IT2 (2)
η IT1 > η IT2 (3)
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| JP6677932B2 (en) | 2015-08-29 | 2020-04-08 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Surface coated cutting tool that demonstrates excellent chipping and wear resistance in heavy interrupted cutting |
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