JP4998233B2 - Crankshaft for multi-cylinder engine - Google Patents

Crankshaft for multi-cylinder engine Download PDF

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JP4998233B2
JP4998233B2 JP2007307517A JP2007307517A JP4998233B2 JP 4998233 B2 JP4998233 B2 JP 4998233B2 JP 2007307517 A JP2007307517 A JP 2007307517A JP 2007307517 A JP2007307517 A JP 2007307517A JP 4998233 B2 JP4998233 B2 JP 4998233B2
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crankshaft
arm
journal
pin
end surface
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JP2009133331A (en
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隆裕 藤本
正貴 小林
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/08—Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/06—Crankshafts
    • F16C3/08—Crankshafts made in one piece

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Description

本発明は、多気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトに関するものであり、詳しくは、クランクシャフトの剛性をできるだけ落とすことなく、重量を軽減することができる、多気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine, and more particularly to a crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine that can reduce the weight without reducing the rigidity of the crankshaft as much as possible.

自動車などの内燃機関を動力源として用いる機械では、爆発によって得られた直線運動を回転運動に変えるため、クランクシャフトが用いられる。
このような内燃機関では、近年、エネルギー効率を向上させることが求められており、その一環として軽量なクランクシャフトが求められている。 In a machine using an internal combustion engine such as an automobile as a power source, a crankshaft is used to change a linear motion obtained by an explosion into a rotational motion.
In such an internal combustion engine, in recent years, it has been demanded to improve energy efficiency, and a lightweight crankshaft is demanded as a part thereof.

しかしながら、クランクシャフトでは、爆発荷重や出力トルクに耐えるため、剛性を確保する必要がある。   However, the crankshaft needs to ensure rigidity in order to withstand explosion loads and output torque.

そこで、従来は、直列６気筒エンジンのクランクシャフトを、ツイスト工法を用いない一体鍛造で製作するに際して、型抜き方向に突出するアームも、型割り線との関係から肉盗みできない型抜き方向と異なる方向に突出する他のアームと同一形状にしていた（例えば特許文献１）。したがって、剛性にほとんど寄与しない部分に駄肉がつき、重量を軽減するのに限界があった。
特開２００３−３５３０７号公報 Therefore, conventionally, when the crankshaft of an in-line 6-cylinder engine is manufactured by integral forging without using the twist method, the arm protruding in the die-cutting direction is also different from the die-cutting direction in which meat stealing is impossible due to the relationship with the parting line. It was made into the same shape as the other arm which protrudes in the direction (for example, patent document 1). Therefore, there is a limit to reducing the weight because the portion that hardly contributes to the rigidity is stuck.
JP 2003-35307 A

この対策として、出願人らは型抜き方向に突出したアームについては、剛性にさほど寄与しないジャーナル側表面とピン側表面の中央部に肉盗みを設けることで重量を軽減しようとしたクランクシャフトを開示した（特許文献２）。
特開２００５−１１４１３１号公報 As measures against this, the applicants disclosed a crankshaft that tried to reduce the weight of the arm protruding in the die-cutting direction by providing a stealer at the center of the journal side surface and the pin side surface that does not contribute much to rigidity. (Patent Document 2).
JP 2005-114131 A

しかしながら、特許文献２で開示した技術でも、剛性にさほど寄与しない範囲での肉盗みの追加であるため、極端に肉盗みを大きくすると剛性が確保できず、重量の軽減にも限界があった。   However, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 also adds meat stealing within a range that does not significantly contribute to rigidity. Therefore, if meat stealing is extremely increased, rigidity cannot be ensured, and there is a limit in reducing weight.

本発明が解決しようとする問題点は、剛性を確保しつつ重量を軽減するには限界があり、両者を両立することは難しいという点である。   The problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is a limit to reducing the weight while securing the rigidity, and it is difficult to achieve both.

発明者らは、多気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトを対象として、様々な形状での検討を重ねた。その結果、アームのピン側端面とジャーナル側端面に、所定長さ以上の直線部を形成すれば、アームのピン側表面およびジャーナル側表面に設ける凹溝を、特許文献２で開示したものより大きくしても、剛性はさほど低下しないことを見出した。   The inventors have repeatedly studied various shapes for a crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine. As a result, if a straight portion having a predetermined length or more is formed on the pin-side end surface and the journal-side end surface of the arm, the concave grooves provided on the pin-side surface and the journal-side surface of the arm are larger than those disclosed in Patent Document 2. Even so, it has been found that the rigidity does not decrease so much.

本発明の多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフトは、上記の知見に基づいてなされたものであり、
ジャーナルから、一方向および当該一方向と異なる他の方向に突出するアームの先端側にそれぞれピンを設けた多気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトにおいて、
少なくとも前記一方向に突出するアームのピン側端面およびジャーナル側端面に、ピン及びジャーナルの直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2以上の長さＬ1、Ｌ2を有する直線部をそれぞれ形成すると共に、ピンの軸中心とジャーナルの軸中心の間の部分をアームの最大幅と同じ幅の直線部として、この直線部よりアームのピン側端面およびジャーナル側端面に形成した前記直線部に至る部分をアームの最大幅よりも狭くなるようにし、かつ、これら直線部を形成したアームのピン側表面およびジャーナル側表面に、凹溝による肉盗みを設けたことを最も主要な特徴とする。 The crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine of the present invention is made based on the above knowledge,
In the crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine provided with a pin on the tip side of an arm protruding in one direction and another direction different from the one direction from the journal,
At least on the pin-side end surface and the journal-side end surface of the arm projecting in one direction, straight portions having lengths L1, L2 that are greater than the diameters D1, D2 of the pins and journals are formed, respectively . The portion between the shaft centers is a straight portion having the same width as the maximum width of the arm, and the portion extending from the straight portion to the straight portion formed on the pin-side end surface and the journal-side end surface of the arm is narrower than the maximum width of the arm. In addition , the main feature is that a meat stealing by a concave groove is provided on the pin-side surface and the journal-side surface of the arm in which these straight portions are formed.

本発明の多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフトは、どのような方法で製造したものでも良いが、鍛造によって製造する場合は、前記直線部と、凹溝による肉盗みを設けるアームは、一方向すなわち型抜き方向に突出するアームだけである。   The crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine according to the present invention may be manufactured by any method. However, in the case of manufacturing by forging, the straight portion and the arm provided with the meat stealing by the concave groove are in one direction, that is, die cutting. Only the arms projecting in the direction.

しかしながら、鍛造以外の方法、例えば鋳造によって製造する場合は、一方向に突出するアームに限らず、他の方向に突出するアームにも、前記直線部と、凹溝による肉盗みを設けても良い。   However, when manufacturing by a method other than forging, for example, casting, not only the arm protruding in one direction but also the arm protruding in the other direction may be provided with the straight portion and the meat stealing by the groove. .

本発明は、アームのピン側端面とジャーナル側端面に、ピン、ジャーナルの直径以上の長さを有する直線部を形成することで、ピン側表面およびジャーナル側表面に設ける凹溝による肉盗みを大きくしても、クランクシャフトの剛性低下を可及的に少なくできる。したがって、クランクシャフトの重量軽減と剛性確保を両立することができる。   The present invention forms a straight portion having a length equal to or larger than the diameter of the pin and the journal on the pin side end surface and the journal side end surface of the arm, thereby greatly increasing the meat theft by the concave grooves provided on the pin side surface and the journal side surface. Even so, the reduction in the rigidity of the crankshaft can be minimized. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both weight reduction and rigidity ensuring of the crankshaft.

以下、本発明例と最良の形態例について説明した後、最良の形態例を用いて発明者らが行った検討結果について説明する。
図１は本発明の多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフトの一例の要部を示した図、図２は本発明の最良の形態例を示した図１と同様の図で、発明者らが前記知見を得るための検討に使用したものである。 In the following, the present invention example and the best mode example will be described, and then the results of studies conducted by the inventors using the best mode example will be described.
FIG. 1 is a view showing a main part of an example of a crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the best embodiment of the present invention. It was used for examination to obtain.

図１、図２において、１は例えば鍛造により製造される本発明の直列６気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトである。このクランクシャフト１は、例えばジャーナル２から、鍛造型（図示省略）の型抜き方向に第２、５気筒用のアーム３を、型抜き方向と異なる方向に第１、３、４、６気筒用のアーム（図示省略）を突出させ、各アーム３の先端側にピン４を設けている。   1 and 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a crankshaft for an in-line 6-cylinder engine of the present invention manufactured by forging, for example. The crankshaft 1 includes, for example, a journal 2 and an arm 3 for the second and fifth cylinders in the direction of the forging die (not shown) for the first, third, fourth and sixth cylinders in a direction different from the direction of the die cutting. The arm 4 (not shown) is projected, and a pin 4 is provided on the tip side of each arm 3.

このようなクランクシャフト１において、本発明では、例えば前記第２、５気筒用のアーム３のピン４側の、ジャーナル２と反対側の端面３ａ（以下、単にピン側端面という。）に、ピン４の直径Ｄ1以上の長さＬ1の直線部を形成する。   In such a crankshaft 1, in the present invention, for example, a pin is provided on an end surface 3a opposite to the journal 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as a pin-side end surface) on the pin 4 side of the arms 3 for the second and fifth cylinders. A straight portion having a length L1 of 4 or more in diameter D1 is formed.

また、前記第２、５気筒用のアーム３のジャーナル２側の、ピン４と反対側の端面３ｂ（以下、単にジャーナル側端面という。）に、ジャーナル２の直径Ｄ2以上の長さＬ2の直線部を形成する。   Further, a straight line having a length L2 equal to or larger than the diameter D2 of the journal 2 is formed on an end surface 3b (hereinafter simply referred to as a journal side end surface) of the second and fifth cylinder arms 3 on the journal 2 side opposite to the pin 4. Forming part.

前記直線部の長さＬ1、Ｌ2をピン４、ジャーナル２の直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2以上とするのは、発明者らの検討結果によれば、これら未満の場合には、クランクシャフト１の剛性の向上に顕著な効果が得られなかったためである。   According to the results of investigations by the inventors, the lengths L1 and L2 of the straight portions are not less than the diameters D1 and D2 of the pins 4 and the journals 2. This is because a remarkable effect was not obtained.

つまり、本発明では、アーム３のピン側端面３ａとジャーナル側端面３ｂに、それぞれピン４、ジャーナル２の直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2以上の長さＬ1、Ｌ2を有する直線部を形成することで、クランクシャフト１の剛性を、直線部を形成しない従来品よりも大きくなるようにしている。   In other words, in the present invention, the crankshaft is formed by forming straight portions having lengths L1 and L2 that are equal to or larger than the diameters D1 and D2 of the pins 4 and journals 2 on the pin side end surface 3a and the journal side end surface 3b of the arm 3, respectively. The rigidity of 1 is made larger than that of a conventional product that does not form a linear portion.

したがって、ピン側端面３ａおよびジャーナル側端面３ｂに前記直線部を形成したアーム３の、ピン側表面３ｃおよびジャーナル側表面３ｄに、凹溝３ｅ、３ｆによる肉盗みを設けるに際し、これら凹溝３ｅ、３ｆを、特許文献２で開示したものより大きくしても、クランクシャフト１の剛性低下を少なくできる。   Therefore, when providing the meat stealing by the concave grooves 3e and 3f on the pin side surface 3c and the journal side surface 3d of the arm 3 in which the linear portion is formed on the pin side end face 3a and the journal side end face 3b, the concave grooves 3e, Even if 3f is made larger than that disclosed in Patent Document 2, a decrease in rigidity of the crankshaft 1 can be reduced.

ピン側表面３ｃ、ジャーナル側表面３ｄに設ける凹溝３ｅ、３ｆの範囲は特に限定されないが、例えば図１、２の（ａ）図における矢視Ａ方向から見た場合に、ジャーナル２とピン４が重複する範囲３ｇを除いた部分であればよい。   The ranges of the grooves 3e and 3f provided on the pin side surface 3c and the journal side surface 3d are not particularly limited. For example, when viewed from the direction of arrow A in FIGS. Any part other than the overlapping range 3g may be used.

また、図２に示す最良の形態例では、前記の構成に加えて、ピン４の軸中心とジャーナル２の軸中心の間の部分３ｈを、従来のクランクシャフトにおけるアームの最大幅と同じ幅の直線部にしてより剛性を高め、凹溝３ｅ，３ｆを大きくとれるものを示している。   Further, in the best mode example shown in FIG. 2, in addition to the above-described configuration, the portion 3h between the axial center of the pin 4 and the axial center of the journal 2 has the same width as the maximum arm width of the conventional crankshaft. A straight portion is shown to increase the rigidity and make the grooves 3e and 3f larger.

ちなみに図３は、図２に示した実施例（ピン側端面３ａおよびジャーナル側端面３ｂに形成した直線部の長さＬ1、Ｌ2は、ピン４、ジャーナル２の直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2と同じ）に、曲げと捩りを作用させた場合の変位をＦＥＭ解析した結果を示したものである。   3 shows the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 (the lengths L1 and L2 of the straight portions formed on the pin side end surface 3a and the journal side end surface 3b are the same as the diameters D1 and D2 of the pin 4 and journal 2). It shows the result of FEM analysis of the displacement when bending and twisting are applied.

図３より、実施例では、実施例のアーム形状から直線部をなくして特許文献２と同じ形状にした比較例１よりも、曲げ変位や捩り変位が小さくなって、比較例１から凹溝を無くした比較例２とほぼ同じ変位となっていることが分かる。   From FIG. 3, in the example, the bending displacement and the torsional displacement are smaller than the comparative example 1 in which the straight part is eliminated from the arm shape of the example and the same shape as that of Patent Document 2 is used, and the concave groove is formed from the comparative example 1. It can be seen that the displacement is almost the same as the lost Comparative Example 2.

一方、質量についての解析結果を図４に示すが、実施例では直線部を形成した分アームの質量が増加するが、凹溝を多くとれるので、アームの増加分が相殺され、比較例１とほぼ同様となり、比較例２よりも軽量化が図れた。   On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the analysis result of the mass. In the embodiment, the mass of the arm that forms the straight portion increases, but since a large number of concave grooves can be taken, the increase in the arm is offset, and Comparative Example 1 and It became substantially the same, and weight reduction was achieved rather than the comparative example 2.

これら、図３、図４から、本発明では、剛性の低下を抑えつつ、重量をより低減できていることが分かる。   From these FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, it can be seen that in the present invention, the weight can be further reduced while suppressing the decrease in rigidity.

本発明は、前記の各例に示した実施形態に限るものではなく、各請求項に記載の技術的思想の範疇であれば、その実施形態の変更は任意である。   The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the above examples, and modifications of the embodiments are arbitrary as long as they fall within the scope of the technical idea described in each claim.

例えば図１、２の例では、鍛造型の型抜き方向に第２、５気筒用のアーム３を、型抜き方向と異なる方向に第１，３，４，６気筒用のアームを突出させているが、型抜き方向に第１、４或いは第３、６気筒用のアームを突出させても良い。   For example, in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2, the arms for the second and fifth cylinders are protruded in the die-cutting direction of the forging die, and the arms for the first, third, fourth, and sixth cylinders are projected in a direction different from the die-cutting direction. However, the arms for the first, fourth, third, and sixth cylinders may be protruded in the mold release direction.

また、鍛造ではなく、例えば鋳造で製造する場合には、全てのアーム３のピン側端面、ジャーナル側表面にピン４、ジャーナル２の直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2以上の長さの直線部を設け、ピン側表面およびジャーナル側表面に凹溝３ｅ、３ｆによる肉盗みを設けても良い。   In addition, when manufacturing by casting, for example, instead of forging, the pin side end surface of all the arms 3 and the journal side surface are provided with straight portions having a length longer than the diameters D1 and D2 of the pins 4 and journals 2 Meat stealing by the grooves 3e and 3f may be provided on the surface and the journal side surface.

以上の本発明は、直列６気筒のクランクシャフトに限らず、直列４気筒や、Ｖ型８気筒等にも適用できる。また、自動車用エンジンのクランクシャフトに限らず、船舶用エンジンのクランクシャフトにも適用できる。   The present invention described above can be applied not only to an in-line 6-cylinder crankshaft but also to an in-line 4-cylinder, a V-type 8-cylinder, and the like. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to a crankshaft of an automobile engine but also to a crankshaft of a marine engine.

本発明の多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフトの一例の要部を示した図で、（ａ）は側面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）図の矢視Ａ図である。It is the figure which showed the principal part of an example of the crankshaft for multicylinder engines of this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is an arrow A figure of (a) figure. 本発明の最良の形態例を示した図１と同様の図である。It is the same figure as FIG. 1 which showed the example of the best form of this invention. 図２に示した最良の形態例（実施例）と比較例１、２に、曲げと捩りを作用させた場合の変位をＦＥＭ解析した結果を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the result of having carried out the FEM analysis of the displacement at the time of making the best form example (Example) shown in FIG. 図３と同じ実施例、比較例１、２の質量を比較した図である。It is the figure which compared the mass of the same Example and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 as FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ クランクシャフト
２ ジャーナル
３ アーム
３ａ ピン側端面
３ｂ ジャーナル側端面
３ｃ ピン側表面
３ｄ ジャーナル側表面
３ｅ、３ｆ 凹溝
４ ピン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crankshaft 2 Journal 3 Arm 3a Pin side end surface 3b Journal side end surface 3c Pin side surface 3d Journal side surface 3e, 3f Concave groove 4 Pin

Claims (2)

ジャーナルから、一方向および当該一方向と異なる他の方向に突出するアームの先端側にそれぞれピンを設けた多気筒エンジン用のクランクシャフトにおいて、
少なくとも前記一方向に突出するアームのピン側端面およびジャーナル側端面に、ピン及びジャーナルの直径Ｄ1、Ｄ2以上の長さＬ1、Ｌ2を有する直線部をそれぞれ形成すると共に、ピンの軸中心とジャーナルの軸中心の間の部分をアームの最大幅と同じ幅の直線部として、この直線部よりアームのピン側端面およびジャーナル側端面に形成した前記直線部に至る部分をアームの最大幅よりも狭くなるようにし、かつ、これら直線部を形成したアームのピン側表面およびジャーナル側表面に、凹溝による肉盗みを設けたことを特徴とする多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフト。 In the crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine provided with a pin on the tip side of an arm protruding in one direction and another direction different from the one direction from the journal,
At least on the pin-side end surface and the journal-side end surface of the arm projecting in one direction, straight portions having lengths L1, L2 that are greater than the diameters D1, D2 of the pins and journals are formed, respectively . The portion between the shaft centers is a straight portion having the same width as the maximum width of the arm, and the portion extending from the straight portion to the straight portion formed on the pin-side end surface and the journal-side end surface of the arm is narrower than the maximum width of the arm. A crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine, characterized in that, on the pin side surface and the journal side surface of the arm on which these straight portions are formed, a meat stealer is provided by a concave groove. 前記クランクシャフトを鍛造により製造する場合、
前記一方向を型抜き方向とし、この型抜き方向に突出するアームのみに、前記直線部と凹溝による肉盗みを設けることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の多気筒エンジン用クランクシャフト。 When manufacturing the crankshaft by forging,
2. The crankshaft for a multi-cylinder engine according to claim 1, wherein the one direction is a die-cutting direction, and only the arm protruding in the die-cutting direction is provided with meat stealing by the straight portion and the concave groove.
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