JP4996107B2 - Order priority calculation device based on management index, order priority calculation method based on management index, order priority calculation program based on management index - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a product management and business management technology.

  Suppliers, retailers, wholesalers, etc. that sell and supply products need to make the order quantity and timing of products as clear as possible. Therefore, conventionally, an apparatus for calculating the order quantity and order time of a product has been invented.

The safety stock quantity calculation device described in Patent Document 1 uses (Expression 7) to calculate a standard deviation of demand for a certain product (article) and a standard deviation σ of a past shipment quantity, a lead time L, a safety coefficient k, and a short delivery time probability. (The probability that the customer's required delivery date is an order shorter than the lead time L of the parts and materials used for the product) The safety stock SS is calculated from Pb.
SS = Pb × k × √N × σ (Formula 7)

Furthermore, from (Equation 8), it is possible to calculate the order point O that is the time when the product should be ordered (that is, the number of products in stock at the time when the product is ordered). In addition, A in (Formula 8) has shown the average value of the demand (number) of goods.
O = A × LL + SS (Formula 8)

As described above, according to the conventional safety inventory quantity calculation device, it is possible to set a realistic safety inventory quantity, and to appropriately set the inventory quantity even when ordering products etc. based on the future inventory. .
Japanese Patent No. 3698433

  However, in the conventional invention, it has been considered to set an appropriate inventory amount to prevent a product shortage, but specific measures are taken after grasping the product shortage in advance. There wasn't.

  In other words, the conventional invention was able to adjust the inventory quantity and order quantity of the product so that the product does not run out, but considering the loss due to the missing product, At present, it was not even considered to adjust the amount.

  The present invention has been made in view of such points, and in a wholesaler business that has inventory (suppliers, wholesalers, etc.), it is possible to appropriately place an order for products and efficiently manage the inventory of the products. It is an object of the present invention to provide an order priority calculation device based on a management index, an order priority calculation method based on a management index, and an order priority calculation program based on a management index.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above matters, that is, the present invention relates to an inventory quantity calculation unit that calculates the inventory quantity of a product, an order quantity calculation unit that calculates the number of orders received per product, and an inventory quantity. And an influence degree calculating section for calculating an influence degree when a product is out of stock from the inventory quantity calculated by the calculating section and the order number calculated by the order number calculating section.

  The degree of influence in the present invention refers to, for example, an index representing “the influence of a shortage that occurs when an order is not placed today” calculated from the order quantity per user, and the opportunity to sell the product is lost. An index indicating a loss due to a loss (opportunity loss amount), an index indicating a gross profit amount, an index indicating a stock amount of goods, an index indicating a talent, and the like.

  That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to calculate the degree of influence corresponding to them from various management indexes. In this way, it is possible to place orders in descending order of priority based on the calculated degree of influence. For this reason, wholesalers can place an appropriate amount of orders at an appropriate time rather than a secular way.

  In addition, the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention has a case where a shortage occurs before the product is delivered even when the product is ordered (when the urgency is high), and from the order of the product to the product. Think of it in two patterns: when there is no shortage before delivery (when urgency is low).

  In addition, the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention when the degree of urgency is high further includes a lead time demand amount calculation unit for calculating the quantity required until the ordered product arrives, and calculates the influence level The number of orders received per product calculated by the order quantity calculation unit is calculated by subtracting the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity calculation unit from the lead time demand quantity calculated by the demand quantity calculation unit. In other words, the degree of influence when the product is missing can be calculated.

  Of course, when an item is ordered, it takes time until the item is delivered. This time is called a lead time, and in order to prevent the product from being out of stock, the demand for the product during this lead time must be covered by the inventory quantity.

  According to the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention, it is possible to calculate the demand amount of the necessary product during this lead time, so that the inventory quantity does not fall below the demand amount during the lead time. It can also be managed in advance.

  Further, according to the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention, it is possible to calculate the degree of influence when a product is missing, taking into account the demand for the required product during the lead time. The order quantity can be controlled according to the degree of influence. Thereby, inventory management of goods can also be performed appropriately.

  Further, the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention when the degree of urgency is low further includes an order point calculation unit for calculating the inventory quantity of the product in order to order the product, and the influence degree calculation unit Is obtained by subtracting the number of orders received for each product calculated by the number of orders received from the inventory quantity calculated by the order quantity calculator from the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity detector. Thus, it is possible to calculate the degree of influence when a product is missing.

  The order point calculation unit calculates the timing at which the product should be ordered in order to maintain the state in which the product is sufficiently in stock (safe stock state). The timing for placing an order is preferably determined by the inventory quantity of the product. For example, the ordering timing is determined such that an order is placed when the inventory quantity of the product is less than 100 (in addition, a box or a gift indicating the unit of the product).

  In this way, since the product stock can be ordered while the stock of the product satisfies the safety stock quantity, it is possible to prevent the product from being out of stock.

  Furthermore, since it is possible to place an order for further products in consideration of the safe stock quantity of the products, it is possible to prevent excessive ordering and perform appropriate inventory management.

  However, for some reason, there is a great gap in the demand for the product, and the possibility that a product that cannot be out of stock at this stage cannot be eliminated.

  Therefore, it is preferable that the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention further includes a priority setting unit that sets the priority in descending order of the degree of influence calculated by the degree of influence calculation unit.

  In this way, it is possible to prioritize ordering from highly urgent products with a high possibility of missing items, so that it is possible to prevent the products from being missing.

  Further, when the degree of influence (index) is an opportunity loss amount, it is preferable that the management index calculation apparatus of the present invention when the urgency is high has a unit sales calculation unit for calculating the sales amount per unit of the product. Then, the impact calculation unit calculates the sales per unit calculated by the unit sales calculation unit to the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity calculation unit from the lead time demand calculated by the demand calculation unit. Divide the amount to calculate the degree of profit loss.

  On the other hand, the management index calculation apparatus according to the present invention in which the degree of influence is an opportunity loss amount and the degree of urgency is low is configured to further include a unit sales calculation unit that calculates a sales amount per unit of the product. Then, the influence degree calculation unit at this time obtains a value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity detection unit from the inventory quantity calculated by the order point calculation unit, and obtains a value per unit calculated by the unit sales calculation unit. Divide the sales amount to calculate the degree of profit loss.

  Further, when the degree of influence is an index indicating the gross profit amount, the management index calculation device of the present invention in the case of high urgency is configured to include a gross profit calculation unit that calculates the gross profit amount per unit of the product. . At this time, the influence calculation unit calculates the rough calculation calculated by the gross profit calculation unit to a value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity calculation unit from the lead time demand calculated by the demand calculation unit. Divide the profit amount and calculate the gross profit level.

  On the other hand, when the degree of influence is an index indicating the gross profit amount and the urgency level is low, the management index calculation apparatus of the present invention further includes a gross profit calculation unit for calculating the gross profit amount per unit of the product. At this time, the influence calculation unit calculates the gross profit amount calculated by the gross profit calculation unit to a value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity calculated by the inventory quantity detection unit from the inventory quantity calculated by the order point calculation unit. To calculate the gross profit.

  As described above, the order priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention can manage the inventory of the product and calculate the loss profit etc. caused by the handling of the product. Can also be used.

  Further, the present invention provides a terminal of a merchant that orders products and manages products, a step of calculating a stock quantity of the product, a step of calculating the number of orders received per product, a stock quantity and the number of orders received. An order priority calculation method based on a management index, characterized in that the step of calculating an influence when a product is missing is executed.

  The ordering priority calculation method based on the management index of the present invention is performed on the merchant side that performs ordering and inventory management of products such as suppliers and retailers. In recent years, ordering of products and inventory management are often performed using a personal computer, and the order priority calculation method based on the management index of the present invention is also preferably performed at a terminal of a supplier such as a supplier or a retailer. .

  Therefore, the present invention is preferably an order priority calculation program based on a management index executed by such a personal computer. The order priority calculation program based on the management index of the present invention includes a step of calculating a stock quantity of a product on a terminal (personal computer or the like) of a trader who orders the product and manages the product, and the number of orders received per product. And a step of calculating the degree of influence when a product is out of stock from the inventory quantity and the number of orders received.

  Thus, according to the order priority calculation method based on the management index and the order priority calculation program based on the management index of the present invention, it is possible to efficiently and appropriately manage inventory and management within the company.

The order execution priority calculation device based on the management index of the present invention, the order priority calculation method based on the management index, and the terminal for executing the order priority calculation program based on the management index are not only personal computers but also inventory management and A portable terminal (handy terminal or the like) used when placing an order, or a portable terminal (such as a mobile phone or PDA) connected to a server via a network such as a wireless LAN can be used.
In this way, by implementing the present invention with a portable terminal, products can be ordered in a timely manner while managing inventory in a warehouse or factory, greatly reducing the time required for inventory management and ordering work. Can be reduced.

  According to the present invention, an order priority calculation device based on a management index capable of performing business management based on inventory management of products, an order priority calculation method based on a management index, and an order priority calculation program based on a management index are provided. It becomes possible to provide.

  Furthermore, according to the present invention, an order priority calculation device that calculates various business indicators necessary for business dealing with products based on inventory management of products, an order priority calculation method based on management indicators, and a management indicator An order priority calculation program can also be provided.

  Hereinafter, an order priority calculation device, an order priority calculation method, and an order priority calculation program according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  The order priority calculation device according to the present embodiment will be described as a supplier terminal that orders a product from a manufacturer and sells the product to a retail store or an individual customer.

(Hardware configuration)
First, the hardware configuration of the order priority calculation device of this embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, the order priority calculation device 1 according to the present embodiment is a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 2 that controls the entire device, and a main memory that temporarily stores data associated with the processing of the CPU 2. RAM 3, ROM 4 in which an initial program to be executed by CPU 2 is recorded, HD (Hard Disk) 5 for recording various programs, tables, and data, an output device 6 such as a display or a printer as an interface with a user, and An input device 7 such as a keyboard and a mouse and a communication module 8 for connecting the order priority calculation device 1 to a communication line such as the Internet are provided. That is, a general-purpose personal computer can be suitably used for the order priority calculation device 1 of the present embodiment.

In the HD 5 according to the present embodiment, an order priority calculation program is recorded, and the CPU 2
Reads out this program via the RAM 3 to execute management index calculation processing. The processing procedure of the order priority calculation program will be described later.

  Further, in order for the supplier to place an order for the product in consideration of the stock of the product, a database 9 for managing the stock of the product is built in the HD 5. As shown in FIG. 2, the database 9 includes the current inventory quantity of goods, the quantity of goods sold per day (hereinafter referred to as daily sales quantity), the number of customers who sell products per day (hereinafter referred to as daily sales quantity). ), The number of customers per product, the number of days from when the product is ordered until delivery (hereinafter referred to as delivery LT (lead time)), and the time required until the ordered product is delivered (demand The quantity of the product (hereinafter referred to as demand for LT), the inventory quantity necessary for the product not to be missing before the ordered product is delivered (hereinafter referred to as safety stock), and the criteria for ordering the product. The stock quantity (hereinafter referred to as ordering point) is associated with each SKU (Stocking Keeping Unit) of the product.

The CPU 2 uses the data in the database 9 to read out the order priority calculation program recorded in the ROM 4 to calculate various management indexes.
The above is the configuration of the order priority calculation device 1 of the present embodiment.

(Management index calculation processing)
Next, a processing procedure for calculating a management index by the order priority calculation device 1 will be described. In the present embodiment, the management index is described as the degree of influence when a shortage occurs (Demand Shortage Impact, hereinafter referred to as a DSI index).

  First, the CPU 2 reads and executes an order priority calculation program. Then, the CPU 2 refers to the database 9 and determines whether the current inventory quantity is equal to or less than the demand quantity for the lead time (S01).

  Here, when it is determined that the current inventory quantity is equal to or less than the demand quantity for the lead time, the CPU 2 calculates the DSI index as α (S02). That is, the case where the DSI index α is calculated can be said that the current inventory quantity is within the demand quantity corresponding to the lead time.

In order to calculate the DSI index α, Equation 1 shown below is used.

DSI index α = (LT demand-current stock quantity) ÷ (number of orders received per product)
(Formula 1)

  A description will be given by taking SKU: B, D, and F in FIG. 2 as an example. SKU: B is the current inventory quantity 80, demand for LT 120, and the number of orders received per product 2.00. When this numerical value is applied to (Equation 1), the DSI index α = 20.00.

  Similarly, SKU: D is the current inventory quantity 100, the demand for LT 120, and the number of orders received per product 3.00. When this numerical value is applied to (Equation 1), the DSI index α = 6.67.

  SKU: F is the current inventory quantity 90, the demand for LT 100, and the number of orders received per product 5.00. When this numerical value is applied to (Equation 1), the DSI index α = 2.00.

When the DSI index α is calculated, the CPU 2 compares the calculated DSI index α, sorts them in descending order, and executes processing for assigning priorities (S03). When the DSI indices α of SKU: B, D, and F are rearranged in descending order, the order becomes SKU: B → D → F.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step 01 that the current inventory quantity is equal to or greater than the demand quantity for the lead time, the CPU 2 calculates the DSI index as β (S04). That is, the case where the DSI index β is calculated can be said that the current inventory quantity is not within the demand quantity for the lead time.

In order to calculate the DSI index β, Formula 2 shown below is used.
DSI index β = (ordering point-current stock quantity) ÷ (number of orders per product)
(Formula 2)

  A description will be given by taking SKU: A, C, E in FIG. 2 as an example. SKU: A is the current inventory quantity 55, the order point 60, and the number of orders received per product 2.86. When this numerical value is applied to (Equation 2), the DSI index β = 1.75.

  Similarly, SKU: C is the current inventory quantity 95, the ordering point 120, and the number of orders received per product 5.00. When this numerical value is applied to (Equation 2), the DSI index β = 5.00.

  SKU: E is the current stock quantity 140, the ordering point 150, and the number of orders received per product 10.00. When this numerical value is applied to (Expression 2), the DSI index β = 1.00.

  When the DSI index β is calculated, the CPU 2 compares the calculated DSI index β, sorts them in descending order, and executes processing for assigning priorities (S05). When the DSI indices β of SKU: A, C, E are rearranged in descending order, SKU: C → A → E.

  Based on these results, the CPU 2 executes a process of determining the priority order by combining the DSI indices α and β (S06). Based on the processing contents of Step 02 to Step 05, the combined priority of the DSI indexes α and β is SKU: B → D → F → C → A → E.

  Then, the CPU 2 executes ordering processing in descending order of priority and completes this processing step (S07). That is, SKU: A to F in FIG. 2 place an order for products preferentially in the order of SKU: B → D → F → C → A → E determined in step 06.

  Thereby, it is possible to minimize the degree of loss (influence) when a product is missing. For example, products (SKU) A and B will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 4, the ordering point for the product A is A, the arrival point is a, the ordering point for the product B is B, and the arrival point is b. FIG. 4 shows that the product A (or B) is ordered at the order point A (or B), and the product arrives at the arrival point a (or b).

  First, the order point A is within the safety stock quantity of the product A, and the product quantity required until the ordered product is delivered (delivery LT) can be covered by the demand quantity for LT. In other words, the product A can be ordered without any shortage.

  The order point B of the product B is outside the LT demand quantity of the product B, and the product quantity required until the ordered product is delivered cannot be provided by the LT demand quantity. That is, the product B is missing.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the order point of the product C is C, and the arrival point is c. The order point C is within the safety stock quantity of the product C, and the necessary product quantity during the delivery of the ordered product can be covered by the demand quantity for LT. However, if the demand amount of the product greatly increases and exceeds the demand amount for LT, a shortage will occur.

  Considering these matters, it is understood that the order of the product C should be given priority over the product A, and the order of the product B should be given priority over the product C.

  As described above, according to the order priority calculation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently place an order for a product while minimizing the degree of loss due to a missing product.

  In addition, according to the order priority calculation apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, since an order for products is made at an appropriate timing, it is possible to perform appropriate inventory management without unnecessarily increasing the inventory quantity.

(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the degree of influence (DSI index) when a shortage occurs is calculated by the order priority calculation device 1 using (Equation 1) and (Equation 2). The order priority calculation device can also calculate other management indicators.

  For example, a loss amount and a gross profit amount can be calculated. Note that when calculating the loss amount and the gross profit amount, the calculation is divided into two patterns, ie, whether the current inventory quantity is greater than the LT demand quantity or the current inventory quantity is less than the LT demand quantity.

First, (Formula 3) is used when calculating the amount of loss when the current inventory quantity is equal to or greater than the LT demand quantity.
Loss amount a = (LT demand quantity−current inventory quantity) ÷ (sales amount per piece)
(Formula 3)

Further, when calculating the loss amount when the current inventory quantity is smaller than the demand quantity for LT, (Formula 4) is used.
Loss b = (ordering point-current stock quantity) ÷ (sales amount per piece)
(Formula 4)

  According to (Expression 3) and (Expression 4), it is possible to calculate a specific amount of loss that occurs when a product is out of stock.

Further, when calculating the gross profit when the current inventory quantity is equal to or greater than the LT demand quantity, (Formula 5) is used.
Gross profit a = (LT demand quantity-current inventory quantity) / (gross profit per piece)
(Formula 5)

Further, when calculating the gross profit when the current inventory quantity is less than the demand quantity for LT, (Formula 6) is used.
Gross margin b = (Order point-Current inventory quantity) / (Gross margin per piece)
(Formula 6)

  From (Equation 5) and (Equation 6), it is possible to calculate the net profit (gross profit) amount generated when a product is missing.

  Thus, according to the order priority calculation device, order priority calculation method, and order priority calculation program of the present invention, not only the degree of influence of the number of instructions given by the user when a product shortage occurs, but also other management indicators It is possible to calculate various degrees of influence on doing business.

It is a block diagram which shows the hardware constitutions of the order priority calculation apparatus of a present Example. It is a table | surface which shows the data regarding stock management for every goods. It is a flowchart which shows the process sequence of the order priority calculation method of a present Example. It is a figure which shows the relationship between an order point and a delivery point.

Explanation of symbols

1 Order priority calculation device 2 CPU
3 RAM
4 ROM
5 HD
6 Output device 7 Input device 8 Communication module 9 Inventory management database

Claims (3)

An order priority calculation device that calculates the order priority of a product in consideration of the impact due to a stock shortage,
At least the current product inventory quantity, the daily sales volume, which is the volume of products sold per day, the daily sales volume, which is the number of customers who sell products per day, and the number of customers per product. Lead time (LT), which is the number of days from when the product is ordered to delivery, the demand for LT, which is the quantity of the product (with demand) required in the period until the ordered product is delivered, A database in which a safety stock, which is a necessary stock quantity so that a product does not run out before delivery, and a reorder point, which is a standard stock quantity for ordering the product, is associated with each product,
Referring to the database, a central processing unit for calculating order priority,
An output device that outputs the calculation result of the central processing unit,
The central processing unit reads the inventory quantity and the LT demand in the database, and if the inventory quantity is smaller than the LT demand, calculates the first influence degree index α having a relatively high priority. When the inventory quantity is larger than the demand for LT, the second influence degree index β having a relatively low priority is calculated,
The calculation of the first influence index α by the central processing unit, the value obtained by subtracting the stock quantity from the LT demand read from the database, divided by the number of cases,
The calculation of the second influence index β by the central processing unit, the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity from the order point is divided by the number of cases per piece,
A first order priority in descending order of the first impact value of the exponent α calculated in the, as a second order priority in descending order of the second impact index beta,
An ordering priority calculation device that arranges the second ordering priority next to the first ordering priority and outputs from the output device as a final ordering priority. A loss amount calculation device for calculating a loss due to a stock shortage,
At least the current product inventory quantity, the daily sales volume, which is the volume of products sold per day, the daily sales volume, which is the number of customers who sell products per day, the sales amount per product, and the ordering of products. Lead time (LT), which is the number of days from delivery to delivery, demand for LT, which is the quantity of the product (with demand) required in the period until the ordered product is delivered, and until the ordered product is delivered There is a database in which safety stock, which is a stock quantity necessary to prevent a product from being missing, and a reorder point, which is a stock quantity that serves as a basis for ordering products, is associated with each product,
A central processing unit for calculating a loss amount with reference to the database;
An output device that outputs the calculation result of the central processing unit,
The central processing unit reads the inventory quantity and the demand for LT in the database, and if the inventory quantity is larger than the demand for LT, calculates the first loss amount a, and the inventory quantity is the demand for LT. Is smaller than the second loss amount b,
The calculation of the first loss amount a by the central processing unit is performed by dividing the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity from the LT demand read from the database by the sales amount per unit,
The calculation of the second loss b by the central processing unit is performed by dividing the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity from the order point by the sales amount per piece.
A loss calculation device for calculating a loss due to a shortage of outputting the first loss amount a and the second loss amount b from an output device. A gross margin calculation device for calculating a change in gross margin due to a shortage of inventory,
At least the current product inventory quantity, the daily sales quantity that is the quantity of the product sold per day, the daily sales quantity that is the number of customers selling the product per day, the gross profit per product, and the product Lead time (LT), which is the number of days from order placement to delivery, demand for LT, which is the quantity of product (with demand) required in the period until the ordered product is delivered, and the ordered product is delivered A database in which a safety stock, which is a necessary stock quantity so that a product is not missing before the purchase, and a reorder point, which is a standard stock quantity for ordering the product, is associated with each product,
A central processing unit for calculating a gross profit amount with reference to the database;
An output device that outputs the calculation result of the central processing unit,
The central processing unit reads the inventory quantity and the LT demand in the database, and if the inventory quantity is larger than the LT demand, the central processing unit calculates the first gross profit amount a, and the inventory quantity is the LT quantity. If it is less than the demand, calculate the second gross margin b,
The calculation of the first gross profit amount a by the central processing unit is performed by dividing the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity from the LT demand read from the database by the gross profit amount per piece.
The calculation of the second gross profit amount b by the central processing unit is performed by dividing the value obtained by subtracting the inventory quantity from the order point by the gross profit amount per piece.
A gross margin calculation device that outputs the first gross margin amount a and the second gross margin amount b from an output device.

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