JP4991544B2 - ストレス応答を媒介するためのペプチド阻害剤 - Google Patents
ストレス応答を媒介するためのペプチド阻害剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4991544B2 JP4991544B2 JP2007529133A JP2007529133A JP4991544B2 JP 4991544 B2 JP4991544 B2 JP 4991544B2 JP 2007529133 A JP2007529133 A JP 2007529133A JP 2007529133 A JP2007529133 A JP 2007529133A JP 4991544 B2 JP4991544 B2 JP 4991544B2
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Description
アポトーシス、即ちプログラムされた細胞死は、胚形成、組織恒常性の維持、多細胞生物の細胞分化、ウイルス感染細胞の排除、及び免疫系の発達を含めた正常な生物学的プロセスにとって基本的に重要である(Ellisら、1991)。アポトーシスは、幾つかの場合生物学的に有意な恒常性機能を果たす、遺伝子誘導型の細胞の自己破壊の能動的プロセスである点で、変性死又は壊死とは基本的に異なる細胞死の1つの型である。
腫瘍関連抗原として本来同定されたp53タンパク質は、突然変異又は異常細胞の増殖を停止させるために機能する腫瘍抑制遺伝子の産物である(Bakerら、1990)。機能性p53はDNAの損傷を検出し(Leeら、1995)、異常細胞のDNA修復(Kastanら、1991)、増殖停止(Kuerbitzら、1992)、又はアポトーシス(Yonish−Rouachら、1991)を後に誘導すると考えられている。特にp53は、細胞群から遺伝的に損傷した細胞を排除することによってゲノムの安定性を調節し、その主要機能の1つは腫瘍形成を予防することである。
(1)p53応答遺伝子のプロモーター領域中のDNA配列と特異的に相互作用するp53タンパク質の中心部(el−Deiryら、1992)、及び
(2)一般に損傷DNAに共通した特徴を認識することができるp53タンパク質のC末端(Leeら、1995;Foordら、1991)。
a)DNA損傷、UV(紫外線)放射、細胞の突然変異、化学療法、及び放射線療法によって引き起こされる損傷など、
b)高熱、
c)低酸素症、及び
d)幾つかの化学療法剤、例えばタクソール又はビンカアルカロイドを使用する治療によって引き起こされる微小管の抑制解除である。
生物に対するp53活性の悪影響は癌療法に限られない。障害(例えば火傷)、元来存在する疾患(例えば、熱と関係がある高熱、及び遮断された血液供給と関係がある局所低酸素症の状態、脳卒中、及び虚血)、及び細胞の老化(例えば、線維芽細胞の老齢化)、並びに癌療法と関係があるさまざまなストレスの結果としてp53が活性化される。したがって、一時的なp53阻害も:(a)中枢神経系におけるp53依存性の神経死、即ち脳及び脊髄障害の低下又は排除、(b)移植前の組織及び器官の保存、(c)脊髄移植用の宿主の調製、及び(d)例えば発作中の神経障害の低下又は排除において治療上有効である可能性がある。
DNAに対する抗体は、多くの自己免疫疾患、特に全身性エリテマトーデス(SLE)及び特にループス腎炎に特徴的である。しかしながら、自己免疫障害における抗DNA抗体の優勢に関する一般に認められている説明は現在存在しない。DNAに対する免疫は抗原によって誘導されるようであるが(Radicら、1994)、DNA自体が誘導抗原である可能性はない、何故なら哺乳動物のDNAは抗DNA免疫応答を通常誘導しないからである(Pisetsky、1996)。
配列番号1−LPPLPYP、ストレシン−1で示す;
配列番号2−DLSTDALHYRTA、ストレシン−2で示す;
配列番号3−HPTNQQSLWRWP、ストレシン−3で示す;
配列番号4−SSLSVDYPTRYP、ストレシン−4で示す。
配列番号5−PYPLPPL(全残基が「D」異性体形である);
配列番号6−ATRYHLADTSLD(全残基が「D」異性体形である);
配列番号7−PWRWLSQQNTPH(全残基が「D」異性体形である);
配列番号8−PYRTPYDVSLSS(全残基が「D」異性体形である)。
本明細書で使用する用語「直線状ペプチド」は、1アミノ酸のα−アミノ基と他のアミノ酸のα−カルボキシル基の間で形成されたアミド結合によってアミノ酸が互いに連結している、ペプチド又はポリペプチドを意味する。
第一の態様によれば本発明は、抗p53抗体を対象とする抗イディオタイプ抗体と免疫反応性があるエピトープを含むペプチドであって、抗p53抗体がp53のC末端の制御ドメインの少なくとも一部分と免疫反応性があるペプチドを対象とする。本発明のペプチドは、本明細書で以後詳細に示すように、抗アポトーシス活性及び抗炎症活性から選択される少なくとも1つの活性を示す。
ファージディスプレイペプチドライブラリーは、このようなペプチドアゴニスト及びアンタゴニストを同定する際の強力な方法として出現した。例えば、Scottら(1990)、Devlinら(1990)、米国特許第5,223,409号;米国特許第5,733,731号;米国特許第5,498,530号;米国特許第5,432,018号;米国特許第5,338,665号;米国特許第5,922,545号;WO96/40987;及びWO98/15833を参照のこと。このようなライブラリーでは、繊維状ファージのコートタンパク質との融合によってランダムなペプチド配列を表す。典型的には表すペプチドを、抗体固定化した受容体の細胞外ドメインに対する親和性によって溶出させる。連続ラウンドの親和性による精製及び再増殖によって、残ったファージを増大させることができる。最良の結合ペプチドを塩基配列決定して、1つ又は複数の構造上関連があるペプチドのファミリー内の重要な残基を同定することができる。例えば、2つの異なるファミリーを同定したCwirlaら(1997)を参照のこと。これらのペプチド配列は、どの残基をアラニンスキャニングによって、或いはDNAレベルでの突然変異誘発によって安全に置換することができるかも示唆し得る。突然変異誘発ライブラリーを作製及びスクリーニングして、最良の結合剤の配列をさらに最適化することができる(Lowman、1997)。
タンパク質−タンパク質相互作用の構造分析を使用して、大きなタンパク質リガンドの結合活性と似たペプチドを示唆することもできる。このような分析において結晶構造は、そこからペプチドを設計することができる大きなタンパク質リガンドの重要な残基の、同一性及び相対的配向を示唆する可能性がある(例えば、Takasakiら、1997を参照)。これらの分析法を使用して、結合親和性を増大させるためのペプチドの他の修飾を示唆する可能性がある、ファージディスプレイによって選択した受容体タンパク質とペプチドの間の相互作用を調べることもできる。
本発明のペプチドは、ペプチド模倣法(Allen G.、1989;Young、1963;Meienhofer、1973;Schroder and Lupke、1965)を含めた、アミノ酸配列を生成する任意の知られている化学的方法及び組換え方法によって生成することができる。アミノ酸残基又はペプチド断片を液相中において正しい方向で互いに結合させて、所望のペプチドを生成させることによって、化学合成は一般に実施される。他の一般的な戦略は、配列の最後のアミノ酸のC末端が結合し、最後から2番目のアミノ酸のC末端が最後のアミノ酸のN末端に結合する固相(樹脂)などで始めて、アミノ酸を互いに結合させること、最後に固相から増大したペプチドを放出させることである(いわゆる固相技法)。
ペプチド模倣体は、ペプチド及びタンパク質の幾つかの構造態様を模倣することによって、タンパク質と結合することができる小分子である。ペプチド模倣体は、細胞性及び他の受容体のタンパク質及びペプチドリガンドのアゴニスト及びアンタゴニストとして、且つ酵素の基質及び基質類似体として、科学及び医学分野で広く使用されている。
アポトーシス、即ち「プログラムされた細胞死」は、細胞が「細胞自殺」のプログラムを行うプロセスである。アポトーシスのプログラムは、ほぼ全ての多細胞生物、並びに個々の生物中の全細胞の進化の過程で保たれていると現在考えられている。さらに、多くの場合アポトーシスは、健康に生存している細胞において能動的に阻害されるに違いない「デフォルト」プログラムである可能性があると考えられる。
a)治療薬剤としてin vivoで実際投与するのに充分有効である阻害剤を与えること、
b)治療において使用するのに充分低い毒性を有し、さらにp53活性を阻害するのに充分な濃度で望ましくない副作用を引き起こさない阻害剤を与えること、
c)可逆的である阻害を示すこと。長期のp53不活性化は、例えば癌の危険性を著しく増大させる可能性がある、
d)一時的なp53の不活性化中、細胞は施したストレスから回復しなければならず、p53活性化シグナルは排除するか或いは減少させなければならず、他の場合p53活性の回復は、p53活性化シグナルが活性状態である一方で、細胞の損傷をもたらす可能性がある、
e)p53抑制治療は、癌進行の頻度の劇的な増大とは関係がない。
アポトーシスは細胞の能動的な、遺伝子誘導型の自己破壊プロセスであり、特徴的な形態及び生化学的変化と関係がある。核及び細胞質凝縮、並びに膜結合アポトーシス体への死細胞の断片化は、アポトーシスの典型的な特徴である。アポトーシス細胞死の他の特徴は、特定のヌクレアーゼの活性化後のオリゴヌクレオソーム断片への染色体DNAの分解である。
哺乳動物のストレスに対する応答には、ストレスを受ける細胞の応答だけではなく、組織維持及び治癒(Cohen、2000)に働く多数の免疫活性を含む、炎症として知られる免疫系の複合活性(Nathanら、2002)もある。
他の態様では本発明は、治療有効量の本発明のペプチド及び薬剤として許容される担体を含む医薬組成物に関する。
ファージディスプレイライブラリーからのペプチドの選択:
記載された通りに(Herkelら、2004)、モノクローナル抗PAb−421抗体Idi−1及びIdi−2を作製し、特徴付けした。簡潔に言うと、BALB/cマウスをPAb−421で3回免疫処置し、最高の抗PAb−421力価を生じたマウスの脾臓細胞をNSO骨髄腫細胞と融合させた。増殖細胞の上清を、PAb−421及びDNAとの結合に関してELISAによってスクリーニングした。Idi−1とIdi−2のハイブリドーマを単離し、限界希釈によって2回クローニングした。
p53媒介型の増殖停止に対する候補ペプチドの作用の調査。
選択した候補ペプチドは、内因性p53活性を欠きp53遺伝子又は対照ベクターによって安定してトランスフェクトされているL12細胞系(Wolf、1984)の、高熱に対する応答を阻害するそれらの能力を試験することによって、p53媒介型の細胞性ストレス応答に干渉するそれらの能力に関して試験した。これらの細胞ではp53活性が、高熱に応答してアポトーシスではなく増殖停止及び細胞生存を誘導する(Nitta、1997)。
DNA損傷によって誘導されるp53媒介型の細胞死に対するストレシンペプチドの作用。
L12細胞を50μMのDNA損傷剤シスプラチンで48時間治療し、p53媒介型の細胞死はヨウ化プロピジウムで染色した細胞のDNA含量を測定することによって判定した(図1)。ペプチドの不在下でインキュベートした細胞は、シスプラチン治療及びp53媒介型の細胞死に応答した。
非形質転換細胞におけるp53媒介型の細胞死に対するストレシンペプチドの作用。
マウス胚繊維芽細胞(MEF)を、実施例3中に記載したようにストレシン−1ペプチドの存在又は不在下においてシスプラチン(80μM)で治療し、細胞死は重要な色素であるニュートラルレッド(Sigma、Taufkirchen、ドイツ)の取り込みによって評価し、540nmでのO.D.はELISAリーダー中で読み取った。
細胞の生存能力=サンプルのOD540×100/未治療細胞のOD540。
治療細胞の顕微鏡写真は図2B中に表す。
毒性ストレスによって誘導した細胞死に対するストレシンペプチドの作用。
ストレシンペプチドが毒性ストレスから保護することができるかどうかを調べるために、一次肝細胞培養物を0.6%の濃度でエタノールと共に、或いはエタノールなしで、且つ50μMのストレシン−1と共に、或いはペプチドなしでインキュベートした。48時間後、死細胞と生存細胞の数をトリパンブルー排除によって測定した(表3)。
γ線照射を施したマウスに対するストレシンペプチドの作用
BALB/cマウスは全体にγ線照射(6.5Gy)を施した。照射後1時間で、いずれも500μg/マウスの濃度でストレシン−1(n=7;配列番号1)又は修飾型レトロインベルソストレシン−1ペプチド(n=7;配列番号5)をマウスの腹膜内に与え、或いは生理食塩水を擬似注射した(n=6)。レトロインベルソペプチドを使用して、長期のin vivo半減期が利点を与え得るかどうか測定した。
LPS及びCpG誘導型サイトカイン分泌に対するストレシンペプチドの作用。
ストレシンペプチドがストレスシグナルに対する炎症応答を変えることができるかどうかを調べるために、前炎症性微生物シグナル、リポ多糖(LPS)及びCpGオリゴヌクレオチドに対するRAW264.7マクロファージ細胞系の応答を試験した。細胞はストレシン−1(50μM)の存在又は不在下においてLPS又はCpGオリゴヌクレオチドと共にインキュベートした。6時間後、マクロファージ活性化の指標として、培養物上清中の分泌されたTNF−α(図4)又はインターロイキン−6(図5)の量を、特異的ELISA試薬及び抗TNF−α及び抗IL−6抗体(R&D Systems、Wiesbaden、ドイツ)によって測定した。
ストレシン−1は実験的自己免疫疾患(EAE)からマウスを保護する。
MBP Ac1−9特異的T細胞受容体−トランスジェニックTg4マウス(Liuら、1995)は、200μgの修飾型(位置4のY)AcI−9ペプチド、フロイント完全アジュバント中を皮下に免疫処置し、次に翌日200ngの百日咳毒素を腹膜内投与した。MBP免疫処置後1時間で、1群のマウス(n=4)に100μlのPBSを腹膜内に与え、他群のマウス(n=6)には100μlのPBS中の500μgのストレシン−1ペプチドを腹膜内に与えた。次いでマウスを、臨床EAE値を評価することによって実験的自己免疫脳脊髄炎の進行に関して試験した。図6において見ることができるように、ストレシン−1はEAEからマウスを保護する。
Idi−1及びIdi−2可変領域の塩基配列決定。
TriReagent(Molecular Research Center、INC.)を使用してIdi−1とIdi−2のハイブリドーマから全RNAを抽出し、Superscript逆転写酵素(Invitrogen、Karlsruhe、ドイツ)を使用するcDNA合成用の鋳型として、そのRNAを使用した。重鎖及び軽鎖可変領域のPCR増幅は、各側面の定常領域に特異的なプライマー:5’CGGGAATTCCCCAGGTGCAGCTGCAGCAGTCTGG 配列番号25及び3’GCGGGCCCTCGAGTCTATGTACATATGCAAGGCTTACAACC 配列番号26、重鎖用;5’CGCGCAAGCTTGATATTGTGATAACCCAGGATGA 配列番号27及び3’GATGGTGGGAAGATG 配列番号28、軽鎖用を使用して実施した。PCR産物を精製し、同じプライマーを使用して塩基配列を決定した。
Claims (30)
- 7個から12個のアミノ酸を含み、配列番号1〜8のいずれか1つに挙げたアミノ酸配列を有するペプチドであって、該ペプチドは、抗p53抗体を対象とする抗イディオタイプ抗体と免疫反応性があるエピトープを含むペプチドであって、抗p53抗体がp53のC末端の制御ドメインの少なくとも一部分と免疫反応性があり、ペプチドが抗アポトーシス活性及び抗炎症活性から選択される少なくとも1つの活性を示す、上記ペプチド。
- 抗p53抗体がPAb−421であるか、又は
抗イディオタイプ抗体がIdi−1及びIdi−2からなる群から選択されるか、又は
抗イディオタイプ抗体が配列番号15及び18、並びに配列番号21及び24からなる群から選択されるVL−CDR3及びVH−CDR3配列を含む分子であるか、又は
抗イディオタイプ抗体が配列番号9及び10、並びに配列番号11及び12からなる群から選択されるVL領域及びVH領域を含む分子である、請求項1に記載のペプチド。 - アポトーシスと関係があるタンパク質と結合し、前記タンパク質が損傷DNAと結合するのを妨げる活性を示す、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 哺乳動物細胞のアポトーシス活性を少なくとも25%、好ましくは少なくとも50%、より好ましくは少なくとも75%、及び最も好ましくは少なくとも95%阻害する、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 免疫媒介型のストレス応答を下方制御することができる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 配列番号1〜4のいずれか1つに挙げたアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 配列番号5〜8のいずれか1つに挙げたアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 配列番号1、2及び5のいずれか1つに挙げたアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 配列番号1〜8のいずれか1つに挙げたペプチド。
- 配列番号1に挙げたペプチドである請求項9記載のペプチド。
- 活性成分として、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又は薬剤として許容されるその塩、及び薬剤として許容される担体又は希釈剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 生物の細胞中のアポトーシス、先天性免疫応答及び自己免疫応答から選ばれた細胞性及び免疫性ストレス関連の応答を調節するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又は薬剤として許容されるその塩の有効量を含む、上記医薬。
- ストレスがDNA損傷剤、高熱、毒性ストレス又は照射と関係がある請求項12に記載の医薬。
- ストレス関連の応答が、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、中枢神経系障害、発作、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、外傷後の二次変性、脳卒中、CNS中毒、緑内障、黄斑部変性、1型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、自己免疫性ブドウ膜炎、移植片対宿主病、移植片拒絶、関節炎、全身性炎症反応症候群(SIRS)、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)、成人呼吸促拍症候群(ARDS)、乾癬、アテローム性動脈硬化症、心筋梗塞、放射線疾患、高熱、低酸素症、劇症中毒性肝炎、腎不全及び不妊症からなる群から選択される障害と関係がある、請求項12に記載の医薬。
- ペプチドがインビボ(in−vivo)又はエクスビボ(ex−vivo)で細胞中の細胞内タンパク質活性を調節する、請求項12に記載の医薬。
- ペプチドが経口、局所、経皮及び非経口から選択される経路によってその必要のある対象に投与されるものである、請求項12に記載の医薬。
- ペプチドが正常組織又は細胞中の細胞性及び免疫性ストレス障害に応答してアポトーシス活性を阻害する、請求項12に記載の医薬。
- その必要のある対象のストレス関連の変性疾患又は状態を治療するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又は薬剤として許容されるその塩の治療有効量を含む、上記医薬。
- 疾患又は状態がDNA損傷剤、高熱、毒性ストレス又は照射と関係がある、請求項18に記載の医薬。
- 前記対象が腫瘍障害を有し、癌を治療するための化学療法及び/又は放射線療法を受けている、請求項18に記載の医薬。
- 疾患又は状態が、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、外傷後の二次変性、脳卒中、CNS中毒、緑内障、黄斑部変性、心筋梗塞、放射線疾患、高熱、低酸素症、劇症中毒性肝炎、腎不全及び不妊症からなる群から選択される、請求項18に記載の医薬。
- 疾患又は状態が細胞死又はp53媒介型ストレス応答と関係がある、請求項18に記載の医薬。
- ペプチドが経口、局所、経皮及び非経口から選択される経路によってその必要のある対象に投与されるものである、請求項18に記載の医薬。
- その必要のある対象の先天性免疫応答又は自己免疫応答と関係がある炎症疾患又は状態を治療するための医薬であって、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド又は薬剤として許容されるその塩の治療有効量を含む、上記医薬。
- 疾患又は状態がIL−6及びTNF−αから選択される少なくとも1つの前炎症性サイトカインの生成と関係がある病因を有する、請求項24に記載の医薬。
- 疾患が自己免疫疾患である、請求項24に記載の医薬。
- 疾患又は状態が1型糖尿病、多発性硬化症、全身性エリテマトーデス、自己免疫性ブドウ膜炎、関節炎、全身性炎症反応症候群(SIRS)、炎症性腸疾患(IBD)、成人呼吸促拍症候群(ARDS)、乾癬、アテローム性動脈硬化症、移植片拒絶及び移植片対宿主病からなる群から選択される、請求項24に記載の医薬。
- 疾患が多発性硬化症である、請求項24に記載の医薬。
- ペプチドが経口、局所、経皮及び非経口から選択される経路によってその必要のある対象に投与されるものである、請求項24に記載の医薬。
- ファージディスプレイ、リボソームディスプレイ、RNA−ペプチドスクリーニング又は化学ペプチドスクリーニングを用いて、抗アポトーシス活性及び抗炎症活性から選択される少なくとも1つの活性を示すペプチドを単離するための、
配列番号9及び10、配列番号11及び12からなる群から選択されるVL領域及びVH領域を含む抗体分子の
使用。
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JP2010504338A (ja) | 2006-09-20 | 2010-02-12 | メディベイション ニューロロジー, インコーポレイテッド | 筋萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)の治療のための水素化ピリド[4,3−b]インドール |
ITMI20070127A1 (it) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-07-30 | Fond I R C C S | Proteine e-o peptidi per la prevenzione e-o cura di malattie neurodegenerative |
CA2703163A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-04-30 | Memory Pharmaceuticals Corporation | (1,4-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.2]non-6-en-4-yl)-heterocyclyl-methanone ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, useful for the treatment of disease |
WO2010006291A1 (en) | 2008-07-10 | 2010-01-14 | Nodality, Inc. | Methods for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment |
EP2429992A4 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2012-11-28 | Univ Kentucky Res Found | TREATMENT OF EASY COGNITIVE IMMUNITY AND MORBUS ALZHEIMER |
EA201290041A1 (ru) | 2009-08-06 | 2012-07-30 | Ньюралтус Фармасьютикалс, Инк. | Лечение расстройств, связанных с макрофагами |
EP2715350B1 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2017-09-27 | Yeda Research and Development Co. Ltd. | Use of akt phosphorylation as a biomarker for prognosing neurodegenerative diseases and treating same |
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EP2578226A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
AU2005276117A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
US20150297693A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
CA2577196C (en) | 2016-01-12 |
ES2533697T3 (es) | 2015-04-14 |
EP1781315A4 (en) | 2009-07-22 |
AU2005276117B2 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2578226B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
WO2006021954A3 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
US8790653B2 (en) | 2014-07-29 |
JP2008510796A (ja) | 2008-04-10 |
PL1781315T3 (pl) | 2015-08-31 |
EP1781315B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
CN103214555B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
US20120171233A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
US20080267983A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
AU2005276117C1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
CN101035554A (zh) | 2007-09-12 |
US8067008B2 (en) | 2011-11-29 |
CA2577196A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
EP1781315A2 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
HUE024953T2 (en) | 2016-02-29 |
DK1781315T3 (en) | 2015-04-20 |
CN103214555A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
WO2006021954A2 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
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