JP4976851B2 - 脂質レベルを哺乳動物において低下させる方法 - Google Patents
脂質レベルを哺乳動物において低下させる方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4976851B2 JP4976851B2 JP2006538169A JP2006538169A JP4976851B2 JP 4976851 B2 JP4976851 B2 JP 4976851B2 JP 2006538169 A JP2006538169 A JP 2006538169A JP 2006538169 A JP2006538169 A JP 2006538169A JP 4976851 B2 JP4976851 B2 JP 4976851B2
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Description
背景技術
1.技術分野
[0002] 本出願は、生物医科学の分野に関し、そして特に、脂質レベルを哺乳動物において低下させる方法に関する。ある態様は、4−(2−ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸;2−(8−キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸;及びメチレンビス(4,4’−(2−クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))のような化合物を投与することを含んでなる阻害へ向けられる。
[0003] 糖尿病の制御及び合併症試験(The Diabetic Control and Complications Trial)(DCCT)とUKPDS研究により、高血糖症は、糖尿病性合併症の発症の主たる危険因子として同定された。糖尿病の制御及び合併症試験研究グループ(The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group)N. Engl. J. Med. 329: 977-986, 1993; 英国後向き糖尿病研究グループ(UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group)Lancet 352: 837-853, 1998。糖化最終産物(AGE)の生成は、高血糖症と糖尿病の長期合併症の間の重要な病原性のつながりとして同定された。Makita et al., N. Eng. J. Med. 325: 836-842, 1993; Bucala and Cerami, Adv. Pharmacol 23: 1-33, 1992; Browlee, Nature 414: 813-820, 2001; Sheetz and King, J. A. M. A. 288: 2579-2588, 2002; Stith et al., Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 11: 1205-1223, 2002。
[0013] 故に、1つの態様において、本発明は、脂質レベルを哺乳動物において低下させる方法を提供し、該方法は、以下の化合物又はその医薬的に許容される塩:LR−9[4−(2−ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸];LR−74[2−(8−キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸];及びLR−90[メチレンビス(4,4’−(2−クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))]のいずれかの有効量を哺乳動物へ投与することを含んでなる。
[0017] 本明細書に考察するLR化合物(図2を参照のこと)は、LR−16より誘導される一群の新規芳香族化合物に属する。LR−16は、ヘモグロビン分子の酸素アフィニティーを高めることにおいて2,3−ビスホスホグリセリン酸塩と相乗的なアロステリックエフェクターとして作用して、そしてそれは、コレステロールの豊富な食餌で飼育したラットにおいて血清コレステロールと低密度リポタンパク質(LDL)を低下させることが示された。Lalezari et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 6117-6121, 1988。
実施例1.糖尿病及び対照ラットの処置
[0034] 雄性スプリーグ・ドーリーラット(約175〜200g)を処置前の1週間馴化してから、一晩絶食の後でSTZ(クエン酸緩衝液(pH4.5)中65mg/kg)の腹腔内注射により糖尿病にした。対照(非糖尿病)動物には緩衝液だけを注射した。ストレプトゾトシン(STZ)注射から7日後に血漿グルコース濃度を測定することによって糖尿病を確認した。20ミリモルより高い血漿グルコース濃度のある動物だけを糖尿病として分類して、本試験に使用した。これらの糖尿病ラットを未処置糖尿病対照群と糖尿病処置群へ無作為に分けた。処置群には、本試験の期間(LR−90では32週;LR−9及びLR−74では30週)を通して、LR化合物をその飲料水中50mg/lで与えた。すべての動物を個別に収容して、食餌と水を自由に摂取させた。
b 非糖尿病対照ラットに対してp<0.05
c 糖尿病ラットに対してp<0.05
表II.STZ糖尿病ラットの体重及び血糖に対するLR−9及びLR−74の効果(30週の処置)
b 非糖尿病対照ラットに対してp<0.05
c 糖尿病ラットに対してp<0.05
実施例2.脂質代謝に対する効果
[0039] 糖尿病ラットは、非糖尿病ラットと比較して、全血漿/血清トリグリセリドとコレステロールの両方の上昇レベルを示した(p<0.001)。図3を参照のこと。LR化合物のいずれかで処置した糖尿病ラットは、トリグリセリド及びコレステロールの両方の濃度において有意な低下を示した。LR−90は、血清トリグリセリドと血清コレステロールを非糖尿病動物のレベルの方へ50%低下させた(図3)。同様に、糖尿病ラットの血漿トリグリセリド及びコレステロールのレベルも、LR−9とLR−74の両方によりそれぞれ60%及び50%より多く低下した(図4)。
[0040] 腎機能の指標として、尿アルブミン、血漿クレアチニン濃度、及び尿アルブミン/クレアチニン比を使用した。非糖尿病対照ラットと比べて、尿アルブミン排出、血漿クレアチニン濃度、及びUA/Crは、糖尿病動物において有意に増加した。表III及びIVを参照のこと。糖尿病ラットのLR化合物での処置は、尿アルブミン排出及びUA/Crの上昇を阻害して、未処置糖尿病ラットに比較して約50%の濃度の低下を伴った。さらに、糖尿病動物において観察される血漿クレアチニン濃度の上昇は、LR−9、LR−74、又はLR−90のいずれの処置でも50%ほど有意に減少した。
b 非糖尿病対照ラットに対してp<0.05
c 糖尿病ラットに対してp<0.05
表IV.STZ糖尿病ラットの腎機能パラメータに対するLR−9及びLR−74の効果
b 非糖尿病対照ラットに対してp<0.05
c 糖尿病ラットに対してp<0.05
実施例4.血清AGEに対する効果
[0041] Al-Abed et al., Meth. Enzymol 309: 152-172, 1999 の方法に従って血清AGEを測定して、Rahbar et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 262: 651-656, 1999 の方法を使用して、ポリクローナルR6/9抗AGE RNAアーゼ抗体で定量した。1AUを1μg/ml AGE−BSAに等しいと仮定した。
[0043] Kochakian et al., Diabetes 45: 1694-1700, 1996 に従って、尾腱コラーゲンの単離及び調製を実施した。コラーゲン中の架橋結合及びAGE生成の相対度をペプシン消化と酸溶解性により評価した。ペプシン消化は、Stefek et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1502: 398-404, 2000 により既報のように実施した。簡潔に言えば、個々のラットからの10mgのコラーゲン試料を37℃で24時間、ペプシン(酢酸0.5モル/L中50μg/mL)で消化した。消化後、試料を4℃で30分間、3000rpmで遠心分離して、消化されたコラーゲンを含有する澄明な上清を採取した。上清の100マイクロリットルのアリコートを、365nm励起と418nm放射での試料の蛍光の測定のために、900μL PBS緩衝液と混合した。酸加水分解に続いて既知の方法(Creemers et al., Biotechniques 22: 656-658, 1997)によるマイクロアッセイ法を使用して、上清のヒドロキシプロリン含量を算出した。
[0046] 糸球体硬化症(糸球体基底膜の肥厚化、糸球体間質肥大、及び毛細管閉塞として定義される)を定量するために、腎臓切片を過ヨウ素酸シッフ(PAS)試薬で染色した。各ラット腎臓(各処置につき4つの異なる腎臓)より全部で150の糸球体を無作為に選択して、盲検の評価者により、硬化症を慎重に等級付けた。各糸球体における硬化症の度合いは、以下のように、1〜4のスケールで主観的に等級付けた:等級1、硬化症領域が25%未満;等級2、硬化症領域が25〜50%;等級3、硬化症領域が51〜75%;及び、等級4、硬化症領域が75%より多い。次いで、以下の式を使用して、糸球体硬化症指標(GSI)を算出した:GSI=Σ4 i=1Fi(i)(ここでFiは、(I)のスコアを与えられたラットにおける糸球体の百分率である)。Wilkinson-Berka et al., Diabetes 51: 3283-3289, 2002 を参照のこと。糸球体硬化症を定量するために、腎臓切片を過ヨウ素酸シッフ(PAS)試薬で染色した。
[0052] 免疫組織化学的なAGE染色のために、ホルマリン固定したパラフィルム埋込み切片(厚さ2μm)を、2−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランでコートしたスライドに載せて、58℃で3時間焼き、脱パラフィン化し、3%過酸化水素水で濯いで、プロテイナーゼK(0.5mg/mL)とともに室温で5分間インキュベートした。上記の切片をリンス緩衝液で洗浄し、タンパク遮断剤で5分間遮断して、引き続き、CMLに特異的な6D12抗AGEマウスモノクローナル抗体とともに室温で30分間インキュベートした。リンス緩衝液で洗浄後、この切片を標識ポリマーペルオキシダーゼ共役マウス抗IgGのあるEnVisionTMとともに室温で30分間インキュベートし、続いて色素原としての3,3’−ジアミノベンチジン四塩酸塩溶液と対比染色としての50%ヘマトキシリンで検出した。
[0053] タンパク酸化のマーカーであるニトロチロシンを、反応性窒素種により引き起こされる酸化的組織傷害の指標として使用した。ニトロチロシンの免疫組織化学的な検出は、既報(Forbes et al., Diabetes 51: 3274-3282, 2002)のように実施して、本研究では、ほとんど変更を加えずに従った。簡潔に言えば、各処置群からの代表的なラットより32週で採取した、ホルマリン固定した腎臓切片(厚さ5μm)をスライドに載せて、脱ワックスして、水和させた。プロテイナーゼKと10分間のインキュベーション後、切片を3%過酸化水素水において20分間インキュベートし、ブタ正常血清で20分間遮断してから、市販のウサギポリクローナル抗ニトロチロシン抗体で1時間染色した。DAKOリンス緩衝液で濯いだ後で、切片をビオチニル化抗ウサギIgGとともに25分間インキュベートし、アビジン−ビオチン西洋ワサビペルオキシダーゼ複合体との25分間のインキュベーションを続けた。ペルオキシダーゼコンジュゲートの位置決定は、ジアミノベンチジン四塩酸塩(DAB)溶液を色素原として、50%ヘマトキシリンを対比染色として使用して明らかにした。
[0055] アスコルビン酸の銅触媒酸化の阻害の動態の in vitro 測定を、Price et al. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 48967-48972, 2001 の方法に従って実施した。簡潔に言えば、CuCl2と様々な濃度の阻害化合物を、Chelex処理した20ミリモル/Lリン酸緩衝液(pH7.4)において5分間プレインキュベートした。次いで、アスコルビン酸(水中10ミリモル/Lの50μL)を加えて、反応を開始させた(全体の反応量:1mL)。CuCl2とアスコルビン酸の反応物中での最終濃度は、それぞれ500ナノモル/Lと500マイクロモル/Lであった。アリコート(135μL)を0及び60分で取り出して、15μLの10ミリモル/l DTPAを含有する自動注入バイアルへ移した。自動注入器とMillenium(登録商標)32ソフトウェアが装備したWaters(登録商標)2690 Separator Moduleを使用して、XTerraTM RP18 5μmガードカラム付きXTerraTM RP18カラム(250mm x 4.6mm,5μm)での逆相HPLCにより試料を分析した。溶媒と勾配液は、いずれも Dillon et al., Life Sci. 72: 1583-1594, 2003 に記載のように使用した。アスコルビン酸の吸光度を244nmで測定し、ピーク面積を得て、時間に対して残存するアスコルビン酸の百分率を推定した。それぞれの阻害化合物について、AA酸化の速度を50%阻害する濃度(IC50)を、PrismTMソフトウェアを使用して、対照に関連して計算した。
[0062] 雄性スプリーグ・ドーリーラットにおいて、一晩絶食後のSTZ(65mg/kg,クエン酸緩衝液(pH4.5)中)の単回i.p.注射により、糖尿病を誘導した。非糖尿病動物には、クエン酸緩衝液だけを注射した。STZ注射の1週後、>20ミリモル/Lの血漿グルコースを有する動物だけを糖尿病として分類して、本試験に含めた。糖尿病ラットを以下の処置群:糖尿病未処置(D);及び、LR−9(D+LR−9)又はLR−74(D+LR−74)のいずれかを飲料水中50mg/Lで摂取する2つの糖尿病処置群へ無作為に分けた。3つの非糖尿病群:1つの未処置非糖尿病群(ND)と、飲料水中50mg/LのLR−9(ND+LR−9)又はLR−74(ND+LR−74)のいずれかで処置する2つの非糖尿病群も同時に試験した。
*NDに対してP<0.05;**Dに対してP<0.05;***Dに対してP<0.01。
[0066] 本試験の32週目に、イソフルレンでの過剰麻酔と心臓穿刺によりラットを殺した。各動物より血液試料を採取し、ヘパリン添加した Vaculainer 管へ移してから、血漿単離のために遠心分離した。これら血漿試料のアリコートを分析のときまで−70℃で保存した。すぐに腎臓を取り出し、被膜剥離して、PBS緩衝液中で濯いだ。左腎臓の切片を後続の顕微鏡検査とAGE免疫組織化学のために10%中性緩衝化ホルマリンに保存した。各個別ラットの腹皮及び尾の切片を取り出し、PBS緩衝液中で濯ぎ、後続のAGE定量と架橋結合分析のために−70℃で保存した。
[0068] 実施例11の各ラットより尾腱コラーゲンを単離して、コラーゲン中のAGE生成の度合いを、酵素消化後の蛍光AGEの測定により評価した。Figarola et al., Diabetologia 46: 1140-1152。皮膚コラーゲンの単離及び還元は、Shaw et al., Methods Mol. Biol. 186: 129-137, 2002 に記載のように実施した。AGE/ALEのレベルをコラーゲン試料のリジン含量に対して正規化した。
[0070] Micromass QuatroTM Ultima三重四重極(Triple Quadripole)質量分析計へインターフェース連結したAgilent TechnologiesTM LC1100シリーズシステムを使用して、イオン対逆相液体クロマトグラフィー/タンデム質量分析法の分析を実施した。Phenomenex C18ガードカラムを先付けしたPhenomenex SynergiTM Hydro−RP 4μm 80A 150x2.0mmカラムを使用して、HPLC分離を行った。カラム温度を25℃に維持して、流速は、0.2mL/分であった。一定比の移動相は、水中10%アセトニトリル及び0.1%ヘプタフルオロ酪酸からなった。全ランタイムは、12分であり;注入量は、20μLであった。自動注入器の温度は、5℃であった。質量分光光度計のエレクトロスプレーイオン化源は、190L/時間のコーンガス流速と550L/時間の脱溶媒和ガス流速の陽イオンモードで操作した。毛管電圧は2.7kVへ設定した。コーン電圧及び衝突槽電圧は、それぞれ、CMLについて25V及び13eV、d4CMLについて33V及び12eV、CELについて24V及び14eV、d8CELについて29kV及び14eV、そしてリジンについて29kV及び16eVへ最適化した。電源温度は、125℃であった。脱溶媒和温度を300℃へ高めて、溶媒遅延プログラムを0〜3分と10〜20分に使用した。上記化合物の断片化は、衝突解離条件下の酸性移動相で誘導することができる。前駆体→生成物イオンのm/zでの組合せ(CMLについて205.1→130.11、d4CMLについて209.12→134.12、CELについて219.11→130.11、d8CELについて227.18→138.16、リジンについて147.15→84.21、そしてDL−d4リジンについて151.27→88.23)を多重反応モニタリング(MRM)モードで使用して、上記の化合物を定量した。データの獲得及び処理には、MassLynxTMバージョン3.5ソフトウェアを使用した。
[0074] 糖尿病ラットは、非糖尿病ラットと比較して、上昇レベルの血漿脂質を示した。図21を参照のこと。血漿トリグリセリドは、未処置非糖尿病対照の86±14mg/dLに比較して、糖尿病ラットでは598±110mg/dLへ増加した(P<0.001)。血漿コレステロール濃度は、糖尿病動物において同様の増加を示した(非糖尿病の61±7mg/dLに対して、糖尿病ラットでは136±13mg/dL)(P<0.001)。非糖尿病動物の脂質代謝には、いずれの化合物も効果がなかった。しかしながら、いずれかのLR化合物で処置した糖尿病ラットは、トリグリセリド及びコレステロールの両方の濃度で有意な低下を示した。LR−9は、血漿トリグリセリド及びコレステロールをそれぞれ60%及び30%ほど低下させた(それぞれ、239±50及び96±5mg/dLの平均/SEM)。LR−74処置は、未処置糖尿病動物と比較して、血漿グリセリドのほとんど70%の低下(161±29mg/dL)とコレステロールレベルのほぼ30%の減少(93±2mg/dL)をもたらした。血漿脂質ヒドロペルオキシド濃度は、非糖尿病動物と比較して、糖尿病対照ラットでほぼ5倍高かった(5.6±0.5μMに対して26.3±2.7μM)。図21を参照のこと。LR−9又はLR−74での処置は、糖尿病動物の血漿脂質ヒドロペルオキシドをそれぞれ35%と45%実質的に低下させた。図21を参照のこと。
[0075] 実施例10に記載のようにラットを処置して、処置群へ分けた。薬物の投与前に血漿グルコースと体重をともに検査したが、3つの糖尿病処置群の間にも、3つの非糖尿病群の間にも差を検出しなかった。動物はすべて個別に収容して、食餌と水を自由に摂らせた。血糖コントロールと体重を定期的にモニタリングした。高血糖症を制限して、動物が体重を維持することを確実にするために、糖尿病動物には、3IUのUltralenteインスリンを週2〜3回与えた。本試験は、32週にわたって行った。
* NDラットに対してP<0.05を示す
実施例15.糖尿病ラットでは、ニトロチロシン生成が増加する
[0077] ホルマリン固定したパラフィルム埋込み腎臓切片(厚さ2μm)をスライドに載せて、既知の方法に従って、ポリクローナル抗ニトロチロシン抗体で染色した。Figarola et al., Diabetologia 46; 1140-1152, 2003 を参照のこと。ニトロチロシン生成は、反応性窒素種より生じるタンパク質の酸化傷害の指標であり、糖尿病動物において、具体的には近位尿細管細胞において亢進していた。図22を参照のこと。この増加した染色は、いずれかのLR化合物の処置によって減弱した。
[0078] 健常ドナーの血漿より、1回の垂直スピン遠心分離によりヒトLDLを単離し(Chung et al., Methods Enzymol. 128: 181-209, 1986 を参照のこと)、調製の24〜48時間以内に使用した。50mM Chelex処理リン酸塩緩衝液(pH7.4)単独、又は5μM CuCl2、又は5μM CuCl2+様々な濃度のLR化合物の存在下にLDL(50μg/mL)を37℃でインキュベートした。5時間のインキュベーション後、各反応混合物からのアリコートを、Satoh, Clin. Chim. Acta 90: 37-43, 1978 に記載のようなチオバルビツール酸反応性物質(TBARS)の測定のために取り出した。簡潔に言えば、500μLの試料アリコートへ250μLの20%トリクロロ酢酸に続いて、750μLの1% TBARSを加えた。次いで、この試料を激しく撹拌し、沸騰水浴において10分間インキュベートした。冷却後、試料を5000rpmで5分間遠心分離した。上清の吸光度を532nmで読み取り、1,1,3,3−テトラメトキシプロパンを標準品として使用して、MDA当量として表した。脂肪酸酸化の試験では、リノール酸(5mM)を200nMリン酸塩緩衝液(pH7.4)において単独で、又は1mM LR化合物の存在下に37℃で7日間インキュベートした。上記のようなTBARSの測定のために、各反応混合物よりアリコートを定期的に吸引した。アミノグアニジン(AG)とピリドキサミン(PM)を比較対照として250μMで使用した。
Claims (8)
- 哺乳動物において脂質レベルを低下させる化合物又は前記化合物の医薬的に許容される塩の有効量を含む医薬組成物であって、前記化合物が:
LR-9[4-(2-ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸];
LR-74[2-(8-キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸];及び
LR-90[メチレンビス(4,4'-(2-クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))]からなる群より選択される、前記医薬組成物。 - 前記化合物がLR-9[4-(2-ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸]である、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がLR-74[2-(8-キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸]である、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がLR-90[メチレンビス(4,4'-(2-クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))]である、請求項1の医薬組成物。
- 哺乳動物の糖尿病より生じる合併症を治療するための化合物又は前記化合物の医薬的に許容される塩の有効量を含む医薬組成物であって、ここで前記合併症は、脂質の上昇レベルより生じ、前記化合物は:
LR-9[4-(2-ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸];
LR-74[2-(8-キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸];及び
LR-90[メチレンビス(4,4'-(2-クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))]からなる群より選択される、前記医薬組成物。 - 前記化合物がLR-9[4-(2-ナフチルカルボキサミド)フェノキシイソ酪酸]である、請求項5の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がLR-74[2-(8-キノリノキシ)プロピオン酸]である、請求項5の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物がLR-90[メチレンビス(4,4'-(2-クロロフェニルウレイドフェノキシイソ酪酸))]である、請求項5の医薬組成物。
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US51447603P | 2003-10-27 | 2003-10-27 | |
US60/514,476 | 2003-10-27 | ||
PCT/US2004/035440 WO2005044251A2 (en) | 2003-10-27 | 2004-10-27 | Methods of lowering lipid levels in a mammal |
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JP2007509946A JP2007509946A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
JP2007509946A5 JP2007509946A5 (ja) | 2007-11-22 |
JP4976851B2 true JP4976851B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
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US (2) | US7320988B2 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP2269601A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4976851B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2004287434B2 (ja) |
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EP2269601A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2011-01-05 | City of Hope | LR-9, LR-74 and LR-90 for use in treating complications resulting from diabetes |
WO2007044309A2 (en) * | 2005-10-05 | 2007-04-19 | Vasix Corporation | Device and method for inhibiting age complex formation |
US8580854B2 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2013-11-12 | City Of Hope | Methods of suppression of rage gene expression and rage triggered inflammatory genes by selected age-inhibitors |
US8124655B2 (en) * | 2007-06-15 | 2012-02-28 | City Of Hope | Use of LR-90 and LR-102 to overcome insulin resistance |
WO2012103523A2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-02 | Samuel Rahbar | Novel modulators of development of adipocyte and cancer cells |
US9808434B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 | 2017-11-07 | City Of Hope | Compound for treating cancer and diabetes |
US11471497B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2022-10-18 | David Gordon Bermudes | Copper chelation therapeutics |
US20230048576A1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2023-02-16 | City Of Hope | Compounds for the treatment of neuropathic pain |
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US514476A (en) | 1894-02-13 | Minnow-bucket | ||
JPS57500432A (ja) | 1980-03-20 | 1982-03-11 | ||
US5700447A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1997-12-23 | The Picowder Institute For Medical Research | Methods and materials for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as stroke |
US5100919A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1992-03-31 | The Rockefeller University | Biguanides and derivatives thereof as inhibitors of advanced glycosylation of a target protein |
US5272176A (en) | 1984-03-19 | 1993-12-21 | The Rockefeller University | Advanced glycation inhibitors containing amino-benzoic acids and derivatives, and methods of use |
DE3410927A1 (de) | 1984-03-24 | 1985-10-03 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Vollaromatische polyester, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und entsprechende formkoerper |
US4801610A (en) | 1984-05-21 | 1989-01-31 | G. D. Searle & Co. | Phenolic ester derivatives as elastase inhibitors |
US4603144A (en) | 1984-08-16 | 1986-07-29 | G. D. Searle & Co. | Kojic acid ether-ester derivatives |
US5268500A (en) | 1987-06-15 | 1993-12-07 | Montefiore Medical Center | Compound, composition and method for the reduction of lipids the modification of the affinity of hemoblogin for oxygen and the prevention of platelet aggregation |
US4921997A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1990-05-01 | Montefiore Medical Center | Method of synthesis and novel compounds for pharmaceutical uses |
US5093367A (en) | 1988-06-15 | 1992-03-03 | Montefiore Medical Center | Method of synthesis and novel compounds for pharmaceutical uses |
US5677330A (en) * | 1990-02-12 | 1997-10-14 | The Center For Innovative Technology | Medical uses of allosteric hemoglobin modifier compounds in patient care |
US6046222A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 2000-04-04 | Warner-Lambert Company | Use of thiazolidinedione derivatives in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational diabetes and disease states at risk for progressing to noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
US5833700A (en) | 1995-03-15 | 1998-11-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Sterile occlusion fasteners and instrument and method for their placement |
WO1995031192A1 (en) | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-23 | Thomas Jefferson University | Method and use of agents to inhibit protein polymerization and methods of identifying these agents |
US5661139A (en) | 1995-01-13 | 1997-08-26 | Alteon Inc. | Bis-(2-aryl) hydrazones |
US5962651A (en) | 1995-01-27 | 1999-10-05 | Montefiore Medical Center | Modified hemoglobin and its use as a component of an artificial blood substitute |
US5602277A (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1997-02-11 | Biocryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Substituted benzene derivatives useful as neuraminidase inhibitors |
US5667330A (en) | 1995-11-28 | 1997-09-16 | Case Corporation | Quick-connect mechanism for releasably retaining a power take-off shaft within an output shaft hub |
US5716987A (en) | 1996-06-21 | 1998-02-10 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of skin sensitization and irritation |
ATE241982T1 (de) * | 1998-10-22 | 2003-06-15 | Univ South Carolina | Verfahren zur hemmung von diabetischen komplikationen |
US6787566B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2004-09-07 | City Of Hope | Breakers of advanced glycation endproducts |
US6605642B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2003-08-12 | City Of Hope | Inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES) |
US6589944B1 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2003-07-08 | City Of Hope | Breakers of advanced glycation endproducts |
US7030133B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2006-04-18 | City Of Hope | Inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) |
AU763750B2 (en) | 1999-04-05 | 2003-07-31 | City Of Hope | Novel inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE's) |
EP1210087A2 (en) | 1999-04-29 | 2002-06-05 | City of Hope | Pentoxifylline, pioglitazone and metformin are inhibitors of formation of advanced glycation endproducts (age's) |
CA2393722A1 (en) | 1999-12-13 | 2002-06-14 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Methods for treating cell death diseases and inflammation |
FR2836474B1 (fr) | 2002-02-22 | 2004-12-24 | Synt Em | Composes, compositions et methode pour le transport des molecules de cyclosporine a travers la barriere hemato-encephalique |
EP2269601A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2011-01-05 | City of Hope | LR-9, LR-74 and LR-90 for use in treating complications resulting from diabetes |
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WO2005044251A3 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
WO2005044251A2 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
EP1682114A2 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
AU2004287434B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
US20050171150A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
JP2007509946A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
US7652037B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
US20080200502A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
EP2269601A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
AU2004287434A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
US7320988B2 (en) | 2008-01-22 |
CA2543611A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
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