JP4976384B2 - 質量分析法 - Google Patents
質量分析法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4976384B2 JP4976384B2 JP2008509289A JP2008509289A JP4976384B2 JP 4976384 B2 JP4976384 B2 JP 4976384B2 JP 2008509289 A JP2008509289 A JP 2008509289A JP 2008509289 A JP2008509289 A JP 2008509289A JP 4976384 B2 JP4976384 B2 JP 4976384B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
- G01N33/6851—Methods of protein analysis involving laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/14—Heterocyclic carbon compound [i.e., O, S, N, Se, Te, as only ring hetero atom]
- Y10T436/142222—Hetero-O [e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.]
- Y10T436/143333—Saccharide [e.g., DNA, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/24—Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance or other spin effects or mass spectrometry
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Description
標的分子とそのリガンドとの間の広い範囲の非共有結合的相互作用、たとえばタンパク質間の生体特異的相互作用又は薬物と特定の結合タンパク質との間の相互作用の同定及び特性決定は、生化学研究及び薬物発見において意義を増している。たとえば細胞レベルにおけるタンパク質−タンパク質相互作用は、シグナル伝達イベント、ひいては外部刺激に対する細胞応答及び罹患細胞の病態生理学的変化において大きな役割を演じる。そのような非共有結合的複合体の特異的直接検出のための従来技術としては、タンパク質抽出物をゲル電気泳動によって分離するウェスタンブロット法(Kemeny, D. M. and Challacombe, S.J. (eds.), "ELISA and other Solid Phase Immunoassays"; John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (1988))、ELISA及び放射性リガンド結合検定法(Berson et al., Clin. Chim. Acta, 22:51-60 (1968)、Chard, T. "An Introduction to Radioimmunoassay and Related Techniques," Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, p95-110 (1982))、表面プラズモン共振(Karlsson et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 145:229-240 (1991)、Jonsson et al., Biotechniques, 11(5):620- 627 (1991))又はシンチレーション近接検定法(Udenfriend et al, Anal. Biochem., 161 :494-500 (1987))がある。放射性リガンド結合検定法は、一般に、結合部位における未知物質の競合的結合を放射性リガンドのそれに関して評価する場合のみ有用であり、放射能の使用を要する。表面プラズモン共振技術は、結合速度を計測するのに有用な技術であり、そのような計測から導出される解離及び会合定数は、標的−リガンド相互作用の性質を解明する際に役立つ。しかし、これらの検定法のすべては通常、労力と時間を要する実験を伴うか、特別に訓練を受けた個人によって実行されなければならない。また、これらの検定法はすべて、それぞれが標的又はリガンド分子の何らかの下準備(すなわち標識又は固定化)を要するため、ユーザが分析の前に標的分子又はリガンドを知っておくことを要する。
本発明の目的は、質量分析(MS)を使用して、試料の消化又は断片化なしに、精製された多成分試料又は不均一生物学的マトリックスからの共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体の存在を分析もしくは他の方法で検出する、又はその正体を決定する方法を提供することである。
a)非共有結合的に結合した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を架橋試薬と接触させて共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を形成するステップ、及び
b)共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体からの無傷のイオンを質量分析によって分析するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
本明細書で引用するすべての特許、特許出願及び刊行物を引用例として本明細書に取り込む。以下、本明細書で使用する特定の語句の意味を説明する。断りない限り、本明細書で使用するすべての科学技術用語は、対象が属する技術の当業者によって一般に理解される意味と同じ意味を有する。
a)非共有結合的に結合した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を架橋試薬と接触させて共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を形成するステップ、及び
b)共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体からの無傷のイオンを質量分析によって分析するステップ
を含む方法を提供する。
質量分析
すべての質量計測は、マクロマイザ計器(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)で実行した。マクロマイザ計器は、本質的には、クリオ検出器アレイの小さな区域におけるイオン透過を最適化するように設計されたMALDI−TOF質量分析計である。すべての必要なイオン光学部品、レーザ及び電子部品を含む計器の各部品は、高質量イオンの検出を高めるように設計されていた。より詳細な計器の説明に関しては、Wenzel, et al. Anal. Chem. (2005)を参照すること。
この実施例は、非架橋条件(図3A)及び架橋安定化を使用する条件(図3B)下の抗体−抗原反応を実証する。反応は、650nMのヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)5μLを1μMの抗ヒト血清アルブミン(抗HSA)5μLと反応させることを含む。図3Bは、図3Aと同じ試料であったが、1mg/mLの架橋混合物1μLの使用を含み、架橋ピークの容易な特定を可能にした。標準的な作動条件下、マクロマイザ(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)MALDI質量分析計を使用して分析を実行した。シナピン酸1μL(70%アセトニトリル:30%水:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中10mg/mL)と混合した試料1μLを使用し、乾燥小滴技術を使用して1uLをスポッティングすることにより、試料を調製した。
この実施例は、非架橋条件(図4A)及び架橋安定化を使用する条件(図4B)下の細胞分裂周期42ホモログ(CDC42)とサルモネラ外タンパク質E(SopE)との間の(非抗体)タンパク質−タンパク質反応を実証する。反応は、1nMのSopE5μLを1μMのCDC42 5μLと反応させることを含む。図4Bは、図4Aと同じ試料であったが、1mg/mLの架橋混合物1μLの使用を含み、架橋ピークの容易な特定を可能にした。標準的な作動条件下、マクロマイザ(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)MALDI質量分析計を使用して分析を実行した。シナピン酸1μL(70%アセトニトリル:30%水:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中10mg/mL)と混合した試料1μLを使用し、乾燥小滴技術を使用して1uLをスポッティングすることにより、試料を調製した。
この実施例は、タンパク質の多成分混合物内の特異的タンパク質複合体を検出することが可能であることを実証する。反応は、6種の異なるタンパク質(インスリン、HetS、リボヌクレアーゼA、SopE、CDC42、HSA)それぞれ10μL、1μMを含む(図5A)。1mg/mLの架橋混合物1μLによる架橋安定化ののち、特異的複合体[CDC42・SopE]を検出した(図5B)。標準的な作動条件下、マクロマイザ(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)質量分析計を使用して分析を実行した。シナピン酸1μL(70%アセトニトリル:30%水:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中10mg/mL)と混合した試料1μLを使用し、乾燥小滴技術を使用して1uLをスポッティングすることにより、試料を調製した。
この実施例は、ヒト血清(1:200希釈)の試料内の10μM濃度のスパイクのとき架橋安定化を使用する抗体−抗原反応が特異的であることを実証する。反応は、650nMの抗プリオンタンパク質(6H4、Prionics、スイス)5μLを1pm/μLのマウスプリオンタンパク質(mPrP(121−230))の球状サブセクション5μL及び2mg/mLの架橋混合物1μLと反応させることを含み、架橋ピークの容易な特定を可能にした(図6)。標準的な作動条件下、マクロマイザ(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)MALDI質量分析計を使用して分析を実行した。シナピン酸1μL(70%アセトニトリル:30%水:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中10mg/mL)と混合した試料1μLを使用し、乾燥小滴技術を使用して1uLをスポッティングすることにより、試料を調製した。
この実施例は、多数の結合パートナーを一つの無傷の複合体として安定化できる方法を実証する。反応は、650nMの抗プリオンタンパク質(6H4、Prionics、スイス)5μLを1μMのウシプリオンタンパク質(bPrP)5μL及び1.3μMの抗プリオンタンパク質(3B8、Roboscreen、Leipzig、ドイツ)2.5μLと反応させることを含む。2mg/mLの架橋混合物1μLを使用して混合物を安定化して、架橋ピークの容易な特定を可能にした(図7)。標準的な作動条件下、マクロマイザ(Comet AG、Flamatt、スイス)MALDI質量分析計を使用して分析を実行した。シナピン酸1μL(70%アセトニトリル:30%水:0.1%トリフルオロ酢酸中10mg/mL)と混合した試料1μLを使用し、乾燥小滴技術を使用して1μLをスポッティングすることにより、試料を調製した。
bPrP(23−230)(6H4、600nM、300μl、H2O)に対するモノクロナール抗体の溶液をbPrP(23−230)(1μM、300μl、H2O)の溶液と時間0で混合した。インキュベート後、1〜30分の1分ごとに、次いで、30〜80分の5分ごとに10μlアリコートを抜き取り、10分間、架橋反応に付した。次いで、架橋した試料1μlをマトリックス(シナピン酸、7:3:1アセトニトリル:H2O:0.1%TFA中10mg/ml)1μlと混合することにより、反応を停止させた。インキュベート時間ごとに、反応生成物をマクロマイザ質量分析によって分析した。結果を図8及び9に図示する。図8は、t=0では、主ピークが非結合6H4ピークであり、5分後、主ピークが1個の6H4と1個のbPrPとの単一の結合であることを示す。60分後、反応は完了し、主ピークは、2個のbPrP分子と結合した1個の6H4である。図9は、異なるインキュベート時間で起こる非結合、結合及び多重結合タンパク質−タンパク質相互作用の強度を示す上記質量スペクトルのグラフ表示である。グラフは、各ピークに対応するイオン強度を計算し、バックグラウンドイオン強度を差し引き、各スペクトル内でピークの強度を正規化することによって得られた。そして、これらの修正され、正規化されたイオン強度が時間とともにグラフ化されている。
Claims (12)
- 質量分析を使用して、非消化で非断片化状態の超分子標的−リガンド複合体の無傷のイオンを分析する方法であって、
a)非共有結合的に結合した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を架橋試薬の溶液と接触させて共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を形成し、架橋反応の完了の後、直接マトリックス溶液と混合して、試料/マトリックス混合物を得るステップ、及び
b)試料/マトリックス混合物中の共有結合的に安定化した非消化で非断片化状態の超分子標的−リガンド複合体からの無傷のイオンを高質量測定用のMALDI質量分析によって分析するステップ
を含む方法。 - MALDI質量分析を使用して、非消化で非断片化状態の超分子標的−リガンド複合体の無傷のイオンを検出する方法であって、(a)非共有結合的に結合した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を含む第一の試料を得ること、(b)前記第一の試料を架橋試薬の溶液と接触させて、共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を含む液体の第二の試料を得ること、(c)工程(b)で得られる前記液体の第二の試料をマトリックス溶液と混合して試料/マトリックス混合物を得ること、(d)前記試料/マトリックス溶液を基材に堆積させ、それによって均一な薄層を形成すること、(e)基材にレーザからの放射線を照射して、試料/マトリックス混合物中の前記共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体を脱離させ、無傷のイオンを発生させること、及び(f)高質量測定用のMALDI質量分析計を使用して、非消化で非断片化状態の共有結合的に安定化した超分子標的−リガンド複合体の前記無傷のイオンを質量分離し、検出することを含む方法。
- 超分子標的−リガンド複合体が標的分子とその結合リガンドとの複合体を表し、前記標的分子が、タンパク質、ポリペプチド、糖ポリペプチド、リンポリペプチド、ペプチドグリカン、多糖、ペプチド様物質、脂質、炭水化物、ポリヌクレオチド及び他の天然又は合成高分子から選択され、前記結合リガンドが、小分子薬物、ペプチドもしくはポリペプチド、核酸もしくはオリゴヌクレオチド、炭水化物、たとえばオリゴ糖、ウイルス粒子、タンパク質又は他の有機誘導化合物から選択される、請求項1又は2記載の方法。
- 分析される超分子標的−リガンド複合体が、精製された多成分試料又は不均一生物学的マトリックスに存在する、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- イオン変換ダイノード(ICD)検出器、光学デカップリング、増幅又は特殊コートされた電子増倍管又はマイクロチャンネルプレート(MCP)検出器及び超伝導トンネル接合(STJ)検出器から選択される100kDa〜10MDaの範囲の高質量イオンに対して高感度であり、非飽和性である検出器が使用される、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 2種以上の架橋試薬が使用される、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 架橋試薬が、ホモ及びヘテロ多官能架橋剤から選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 架橋試薬が、イミドエステル、N−ヒドロキシスクシンイミド−エステル、マレイミド、ハロアセチル、ピリジルジスルフィド、ヒドラジド、カルボジイミド、アリールアジド、イソシアナート及びビニルスルホンから選択される、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(f)における質量分離及び検出が、線形及び非線形電場を有する線形型又はリフレクトロン飛行時間型;曲面電場リフレクトロン;単一又は複数の四重極;単一又は複数の磁気又は電気セクタ;フーリエ変換イオンサイクロトロン共鳴;イオントラップ及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選択される、請求項2〜8のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(f)で使用される検出器が、高質量イオンに対して高感度であり、非飽和性である検出器であって、超伝導トンネル接合(STJ)検出器、イオン変換ダイノード検出器、及び、光学デカップリング、増幅又は特殊コートされた電子増倍管又はマイクロチャンネルプレート検出器からなる群より選択される、請求項2〜9のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(f)で使用される検出器が、超伝導トンネル接合(STJ)検出器である、請求項2〜10のいずれか1項記載の方法。
- 工程(d)における試料/マトリックス混合物が固体支持体上に二次元配列で堆積され、工程(f)における質量分析の分析が高いスループット又は自動化されたやり方で実施される、請求項2〜11のいずれか1項記載の方法。
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