JP4972891B2 - Fuel cell separator channel structure - Google Patents

Fuel cell separator channel structure Download PDF

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JP4972891B2
JP4972891B2 JP2005228142A JP2005228142A JP4972891B2 JP 4972891 B2 JP4972891 B2 JP 4972891B2 JP 2005228142 A JP2005228142 A JP 2005228142A JP 2005228142 A JP2005228142 A JP 2005228142A JP 4972891 B2 JP4972891 B2 JP 4972891B2
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gas flow
gas
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fuel cell
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英明 久米
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、燃料電池用セパレータの流路構造に関する。 The present invention relates to a flow path structure of a fuel cell separator.

特開２００４−１４６０３９号公報、特開２００４−１３４２７７号公報は、図１６に示す閉塞流路を有する燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造を開示している。
閉塞流路の場合は、分配部１に連通する流路Ａと合流部２に連通する流路Ｂがつながっていない構造上、図１７に示す圧力分布となり、流路全体の圧力損失が大きくなる。また、流路Ａと流路Ｂの圧力差も大きくなり、上流から下流のどの位置でも流路Ａから流路Ｂへ拡散層を通る流れが生じる。このため、低加湿運転時では山下（セパレータのリブで押される部位）でも電解質膜が乾きすぎる状態となる。また、図１８に示すように、流路Ａの流速は下流にいくにしたがい低下し、最終的に０となる。このため、流路Ａの下流部では、排水性が低下する。
特開２００４−１４６０３９号公報 特開２００４−１３４２７７号公報 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2004-146039 and 2004-134277 disclose a separator flow path structure of a fuel cell having a closed flow path shown in FIG.
In the case of the closed channel, the pressure distribution shown in FIG. 17 is obtained due to the structure in which the channel A communicating with the distribution unit 1 and the channel B communicating with the merging unit 2 are not connected, and the pressure loss of the entire channel increases. . In addition, the pressure difference between the flow path A and the flow path B is increased, and a flow through the diffusion layer from the flow path A to the flow path B occurs at any position from upstream to downstream. For this reason, at the time of low humidification operation, the electrolyte membrane is too dry even at the bottom of the mountain (the portion pushed by the rib of the separator). Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the flow velocity of the flow path A decreases as it goes downstream, and finally becomes zero. For this reason, in the downstream part of the flow path A, drainage property falls.
JP 2004-146039 A JP 2004-134277 A

本発明が解決しようとする課題は、従来技術に存在したつぎの課題である。
（ｉ）すべてのガスが拡散層内を通るため圧力損失が大きくなる。
（ii）流路上流部でも拡散層内を空気が移動するため、電解質膜が乾き抵抗損失が増大する。
(iii) 流路下流部では流速が低下し、排水性がわるくなり、水詰まりがおき、電池出力が低下する。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is the next problem existing in the prior art.
(I) Since all gases pass through the diffusion layer, the pressure loss increases.
(Ii) Since air moves in the diffusion layer also in the upstream portion of the flow path, the electrolyte membrane dries and resistance loss increases.
(iii) The flow velocity is reduced at the downstream part of the flow path, the drainage property becomes worse, the water is clogged, and the battery output is reduced.

本発明の目的は、ガスの圧力損失を少なくすることができ、上流部での電解質膜の乾きを抑制でき、下流部での排水性をよくすることができる、の何れか少なくとも一つを達成できる燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to achieve at least one of the following: it is possible to reduce gas pressure loss, to suppress drying of the electrolyte membrane in the upstream portion, and to improve drainage in the downstream portion. and to provide a separator passage structure of the fuel cell can.

上記課題を解決する、そして上記目的を達成する、本発明は、つぎのとおりである。
（１） 酸化ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ａおよびガス流路Ｂを含む、複数の酸化ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｂは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ａは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｂの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｂの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通しており、
ガス流路Ａは、ガス流路Ｂに直接合流せずに、前記連通路を介して合流しており、
前記連通路があることにより、ガス流通時に、ガス通路Ａの圧力はガス通路Ｂの合流点より上流の圧力以上で、ガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂとの間にはガス流路Ａの上流端で０でガス流路Ａの下流端に向かって増大する差圧があり、該差圧によりガス流路Ａからガス流路Ｂに拡散層を通る流れがあり、
前記ガス流路Ａと前記ガス流路Ｂの前記合流点より上流側の部分とは互いに平行であり、前記分配部から前記連通路の前記ガス流路Ａからの分岐点へのガス流路は前記ガス流路Ａのみである、燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。
（本発明の全実施例の共通構成、図１の構成と図２、図３の作用、効果に対応）
（２） 前記連通路は、前記ガス流路Ａと該ガス流路Ａの両側にあるガス流路Ｂとを連通する（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例１、図４に対応）
（３） 前記連通路は、前記ガス流路Ａと該ガス流路Ａの片側にあるガス流路Ｂとを連通する（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例２、図５と本発明の実施例３、図６に対応）
（４） 前記連通路は前記ガス流路Ａに直交する流路からなる（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例１〜３、図１、図４〜図６に対応）
（５） 前記連通路は前記ガス流路Ａに斜交する流路からなる（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例４、図７に対応）
（６） 前記連通路はクランク状流路からなる（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例５、図８に対応）
（７） 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｃとガス流路Ｄとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｄの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｄの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通している、（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例６、図９に対応）
（８） 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｄとガス流路Ｃとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｃの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｃの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通している、（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例７、図１０に対応）
（９） 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｃとガス流路Ｄとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｄの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｄの、前記合流点と前記分配部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記分配部に連通している、（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例８、図１１に対応）
（１０） 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｄとガス流路Ｃとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｃの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｃの、前記合流点と前記分配部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記分配部に連通している、（１）記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。（本発明の実施例９、図１２に対応） The present invention for solving the above problems and achieving the above object is as follows.
(1) A separator flow path structure for a fuel cell having a plurality of oxidizing gas flow paths including a gas flow path A and a gas flow path B that are different from each other and that circulates the oxidizing gas from the distribution section to the merge section,
The gas flow path B has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path A has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end connected to the gas flow path B through a communication path extending between the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B. Communicating with a certain merging point, and indirectly communicating with the merging portion through a portion of the gas flow path B between the merging point and the merging portion ,
The gas flow path A is not joined directly to the gas flow path B, but joined via the communication path,
Due to the presence of the communication passage, the pressure of the gas passage A is equal to or higher than the pressure upstream of the confluence of the gas passage B when the gas flows, and the gas passage A is interposed between the gas passage A and the gas passage B. There is a differential pressure increasing toward the downstream end of the gas flow path A at 0 at the upstream end, and there is a flow through the diffusion layer from the gas flow path A to the gas flow path B due to the differential pressure,
The gas flow path A and the upstream portion of the gas flow path B from the merge point are parallel to each other, and the gas flow path from the distributor to the branch point from the gas flow path A of the communication path is A separator channel structure of a fuel cell, which is only the gas channel A.
(Common configuration of all embodiments of the present invention, corresponding to the configuration of FIG. 1 and the operations and effects of FIGS. 2 and 3)
(2) The fuel cell separator channel structure according to (1), wherein the communication channel communicates the gas channel A with the gas channel B on both sides of the gas channel A. (Corresponding to Example 1 of the present invention, FIG. 4)
(3) The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to (1), wherein the communication path communicates the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B on one side of the gas flow path A. (Corresponding to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 and the third embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 6)
(4) The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to (1), wherein the communication path includes a flow path orthogonal to the gas flow path A. (Corresponding to Embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention, FIGS. 1 and 4 to 6)
(5) The fuel cell separator flow path structure according to (1), wherein the communication path includes a flow path obliquely intersecting the gas flow path A. (Corresponding to Example 4 of the present invention, FIG. 7)
(6) The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to (1), wherein the communication path includes a crank-shaped flow path. (Corresponding to Example 5 of the present invention, FIG. 8)
(7) A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D different from each other, wherein the fuel gas is circulated from the distribution section to the merge section.
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicated with the junction.
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end connected to the gas flow path D through a communication path extending between the gas flow path C and the gas flow path D. The fuel cell according to (1), which communicates with a certain junction and indirectly communicates with the junction through a portion of the gas flow path D between the junction and the junction. Separator channel structure. (Corresponding to Example 6 of the present invention, FIG. 9)
(8) A separator flow path structure for a fuel cell having a plurality of fuel gas flow paths, including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D, which are different from each other, and distributes the fuel gas from the distribution section to the merge section.
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicated with the junction.
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly connected to the distribution unit, and a downstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path C via a communication path extending between the gas flow path D and the gas flow path C. The fuel cell according to (1), which communicates with a certain junction and indirectly communicates with the junction through a portion of the gas flow path C between the junction and the junction. Separator channel structure. (Corresponding to Example 7 of the present invention, FIG. 10)
(9) A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes the fuel gas from the distribution section to the merge section.
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path C has a downstream end directly communicating with the merging portion, and an upstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path D via a communication path extending between the gas flow path C and the gas flow path D. The fuel cell according to (1), which communicates with a certain junction and indirectly communicates with the distributor via a portion of the gas flow path D between the junction and the distributor. Separator channel structure. (Corresponding to Example 8 of the present invention, FIG. 11)
(10) A separator flow path structure for a fuel cell including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes the fuel gas from the distribution section to the merge section.
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path D has a downstream end directly communicating with the merging portion, and an upstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path C via a communication path extending between the gas flow path D and the gas flow path C. The fuel cell according to (1), which communicates with a certain junction, and indirectly communicates with the distributor through a portion of the gas flow path C between the junction and the distributor. Separator channel structure. (Corresponding to Example 9 of the present invention, FIG. 12)

上記（１）〜（１０）の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造によれば、ガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂは連通路により連通されているので、ガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂの圧力差が従来（閉塞流路の場合）に比べて低減し、拡散層を通過するガスの圧力損失が低減する。
ガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂは何れも分配部に連通するので、上流部におけるガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂの圧力差は従来（閉塞流路の場合）に比べて低減し、上流部における拡散層を流通するガス量を低減させることができ、低加湿運転時における上流部の膜の乾燥とそれによる抵抗損失の増大（プロトンが膜中を移動しにくくなることによる抵抗損失）を抑制することができる。
ガス流路Ａの下流端は連通路によってガス流路Ｂに連通しているので、ガス流路Ａの下流端のガス流速が十分確保され、このガス流速によってガス流路Ａの下流端の生成水も吹き飛ばすことができ、排水性がよくなり、水詰まりが抑制され、電池出力が向上する。
上記（２）〜（６）の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、本発明でとり得る、連通路によるガス流路Ａ、Ｂの連通の具体的構造例を示している。どの構造をとるかでガス流路Ａ下流端部位でのガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂの圧力差を所望の圧力差に調整することができるとともに、ガス流路Ａのガス流速を所望のガス流速に調整することができる。
上記（７）〜（９）の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、本発明を、酸化ガス流路に適用するとともに、燃料ガス流路にも適用する場合を示している。
上記（７）は、燃料ガス流路Ｃ、Ｄに酸化ガス流路Ａ、Ｂと類似のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合を示す。
上記（８）は、燃料ガス流路Ｄ、Ｃに酸化ガス流路Ａ、Ｂと類似のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合（上記（７）で流路Ｃ、Ｄを逆にした場合）を示す。
上記（９）は、燃料ガス流路Ｃ、Ｄに酸化ガス流路Ａ、Ｂと類似のセパレータ流路構造を適用するとともに、連通路を合流部に近い側に設けた場合（上記（７）では連通路は分配部に近い側い設けられているので、連通路を設ける部位が上記（７）と逆になっている）を示す。
上記（１０）は、燃料ガス流路Ｄ、Ｃに酸化ガス流路Ａ、Ｂと類似のセパレータ流路構造を適用するとともに、連通路を合流部に近い側に設けた場合（上記（８）では連通路は分配部に近い側い設けられているので、連通路を設ける部位が上記（８）と逆になっている）を示す。 According to the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of the above (1) to (10), since the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B are communicated by the communication path, the pressure of the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B The difference is reduced as compared with the conventional case (in the case of a closed channel), and the pressure loss of the gas passing through the diffusion layer is reduced.
Since both the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B communicate with the distribution unit, the pressure difference between the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B in the upstream portion is reduced compared to the conventional case (in the case of a closed flow path), and the upstream The amount of gas flowing through the diffusion layer in the unit can be reduced, and the upstream membrane is dried and the resistance loss is increased during the low-humidification operation (resistance loss due to protons becoming difficult to move through the membrane). Can be suppressed.
Since the downstream end of the gas flow path A communicates with the gas flow path B through the communication path, a sufficient gas flow rate is secured at the downstream end of the gas flow path A, and the downstream end of the gas flow path A is generated by this gas flow rate. Water can be blown away, drainage is improved, water clogging is suppressed, and battery output is improved.
The fuel cell separator channel structure of the above (2) to (6) shows a specific structural example of the communication of the gas channels A and B by the communication channel, which can be taken in the present invention. The pressure difference between the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B at the downstream end portion of the gas flow path A can be adjusted to a desired pressure difference depending on which structure is used, and the gas flow rate in the gas flow path A can be set to a desired value. The gas flow rate can be adjusted.
The fuel cell separator channel structure of the above (7) to (9) shows a case where the present invention is applied to the oxidizing gas channel and also to the fuel gas channel.
The above (7) shows a case where a separator channel structure similar to the oxidizing gas channels A and B is applied to the fuel gas channels C and D.
The above (8) is a case where a separator channel structure similar to the oxidizing gas channels A and B is applied to the fuel gas channels D and C (when the channels C and D are reversed in the above (7)). Show.
The above (9) is a case where a separator channel structure similar to the oxidizing gas channels A and B is applied to the fuel gas channels C and D, and the communication channel is provided on the side close to the junction (the above (7) Then, since the communication path is provided on the side close to the distributing portion, the part where the communication path is provided is opposite to the above (7).
In (10) above, a separator channel structure similar to that of the oxidizing gas channels A and B is applied to the fuel gas channels D and C, and the communication channel is provided on the side close to the junction (the above (8) Then, since the communication path is provided on the side close to the distributing portion, the part where the communication path is provided is opposite to the above (8)).

以下に、本発明の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造を、図１〜図１５を参照して説明する。
本発明のセパレータ流路構造が適用され得る燃料電池は、たとえば固体高分子電解質型燃料電池（セル）１０である。燃料電池１０は、たとえば燃料電池自動車に搭載される。ただし、自動車以外に、たとえば家庭用などの定置型燃料電池用いられてもよい。
また、セパレータは図示例では、メタルセパレータの場合が示されているが、カーボンセパレータであってもよいし、導電性を付与された樹脂製セパレータであってもよい。 Hereinafter, the separator passage structure of a fuel cell of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1-15.
A fuel cell to which the separator channel structure of the present invention can be applied is, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (cell) 10. The fuel cell 10 is mounted on, for example, a fuel cell vehicle. However, other than automobiles, for example, stationary fuel cells for home use may be used.
In the illustrated example, the separator is a metal separator. However, the separator may be a carbon separator or a resin separator provided with conductivity.

固体高分子電解質型燃料電池（セル）１０は、図１３〜図１５に示すように、膜−電極アッセンブリ（ＭＥＡ：Membrane-Electrode Assembly ）とセパレータ１８との積層体、たとえば、ＭＥＡを一対のセパレータ１８で挟んだものからなる。
膜−電極アッセンブリは、イオン交換膜からなる電解質膜１１とこの電解質膜１１の一面に配置された触媒層からなる電極（アノード、燃料極）１４および電解質膜１１の他面に配置された触媒層からなる電極（カソード、空気極）１７とからなる。膜−電極アッセンブリとセパレータ１８との間には、アノード側、カソード側にそれぞれガス拡散層（以下、単に、拡散層、ＧＤＬ：Gas Diffusion Layer という）１３、１６が設けられる。
膜−電極アッセンブリとセパレータ１８を重ねてセルモジュール１９（１セルで１モジュールを構成する場合は、セル１０とモジュール１９は同じ）を構成し、セルモジュール１９を積層してセル積層体とし、セル積層体のセル積層方向両端に、ターミナル２０、インシュレータ２１、エンドプレート２２を配置し、両端のエンドプレート２２をセル積層体の外側でセル積層方向に延びる締結部材（たとえば、テンションプレート２４）にボルト・ナット２５にて固定し、一端のエンドプレートに設けた調整ネジにてその内側に設けたバネを介してセル積層体にセル積層方向の締結荷重をかけ、燃料電池スタック２３を構成する。 As shown in FIGS. 13 to 15, the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (cell) 10 includes a laminated body of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and a separator 18, for example, MEA as a pair of separators. It consists of something sandwiched between 18.
The membrane-electrode assembly includes an electrolyte membrane 11 composed of an ion exchange membrane, an electrode (anode, fuel electrode) 14 composed of a catalyst layer disposed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 11, and a catalyst layer disposed on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane 11. Electrode (cathode, air electrode) 17. Between the membrane-electrode assembly and the separator 18, gas diffusion layers (hereinafter simply referred to as a diffusion layer, GDL: Gas Diffusion Layer) 13, 16 are provided on the anode side and the cathode side, respectively.
A cell module 19 is formed by stacking the membrane-electrode assembly and the separator 18 (when one module is constituted by one cell, the cell 10 and the module 19 are the same), and the cell module 19 is laminated to form a cell laminate. Terminals 20, insulators 21, and end plates 22 are arranged at both ends of the stacked body in the cell stacking direction, and bolts are attached to fastening members (for example, tension plates 24) that extend the end plates 22 at both ends in the cell stacking direction outside the cell stacked body. A fuel cell stack 23 is configured by fixing with a nut 25 and applying a fastening load in the cell stacking direction to the cell stack through a spring provided on the inner side with an adjustment screw provided on one end plate.

セパレータ１８のＭＥＡ対向面には、発電領域において、アノード１４に燃料ガス（水素）を供給するための燃料ガス流路２７が形成され、カソード１７に酸化ガス（酸素、通常は空気）を供給するための酸化ガス流路２８が形成されている。また、セパレータ１８のＭＥＡ対向面と反対側面には冷媒（通常、冷却水）を流すための冷媒流路２６も形成されている。
図示例では、燃料ガス流路２７、酸化ガス流路２８、冷媒流路２６がストレート流路からなる場合を示しているが、それに限るものではなく、ターン部をもつ流路、たとえばサーペンタイン流路であってもよい。
また、セパレータ１８には、非発電領域において、燃料ガスマニホールド３０、酸化ガスマニホールド３１、冷媒マニホールド２９が形成されている。 A fuel gas flow path 27 for supplying fuel gas (hydrogen) to the anode 14 is formed on the MEA facing surface of the separator 18 in the power generation region, and oxidizing gas (oxygen, usually air) is supplied to the cathode 17. For this purpose, an oxidizing gas passage 28 is formed. In addition, a coolant channel 26 for flowing a coolant (usually cooling water) is also formed on the side surface of the separator 18 opposite to the MEA facing surface.
In the illustrated example, the fuel gas channel 27, the oxidant gas channel 28, and the refrigerant channel 26 are straight channels. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a channel having a turn portion, for example, a serpentine channel. It may be.
The separator 18 is formed with a fuel gas manifold 30, an oxidizing gas manifold 31, and a refrigerant manifold 29 in the non-power generation region.

燃料ガスマニホールド３０は燃料ガス流路２７と分配部３４または合流部３５（分配部３４は、入口側ガスマニホールド３０とガス流路２７との間に位置して入口側ガスマニホールド３０からのガス流れをガス流路２７に分配する流路、および／または、入口側ガスマニホールド３０であり、合流部３５は出口側ガスマニホールド３０とガス流路２７との間に位置してガス流路２７からのガス流れを出口側ガスマニホールド３０に合流する流路、および／または、出口側ガスマニホールド３０である）を介して連通している。
酸化ガスマニホールド３１は酸化ガス流路２８と分配部３６または合流部３７（分配部３６は入口側ガスマニホールド３１とガス流路２８との間に位置して入口側ガスマニホールド３１からのガス流れをガス流路２８に分配する流路、および／または、入口側ガスマニホールド３１であり、合流部３７は出口側ガスマニホールド３１とガス流路２８との間に位置してガス流路２８からのガス流れを出口側ガスマニホールド３１に合流する流路、および／または、出口側ガスマニホールド３１である）を介して連通している。
冷媒マニホールド２９は冷媒流路２６と分配部または合流部を介して連通している。 The fuel gas manifold 30 is disposed between the fuel gas flow path 27 and the distribution section 34 or the merging section 35 (the distribution section 34 is positioned between the inlet side gas manifold 30 and the gas flow path 27 and flows from the inlet side gas manifold 30. The gas flow path 27 and / or the inlet side gas manifold 30, and the merging portion 35 is located between the outlet side gas manifold 30 and the gas flow path 27 from the gas flow path 27. The gas flow communicates with the outlet gas manifold 30 and / or the outlet gas manifold 30).
The oxidant gas manifold 31 is located between the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the distribution part 36 or the merge part 37 (the distribution part 36 is located between the inlet side gas manifold 31 and the gas flow path 28 and allows the gas flow from the inlet side gas manifold 31 to flow. The flow path distributed to the gas flow path 28 and / or the inlet-side gas manifold 31, and the junction 37 is located between the outlet-side gas manifold 31 and the gas flow path 28 and gas from the gas flow path 28. The flow is joined to the outlet side gas manifold 31 and / or the outlet side gas manifold 31).
The refrigerant manifold 29 communicates with the refrigerant flow path 26 via a distribution part or a merging part.

燃料ガス、酸化ガス、冷媒は、セル内において互いにシールされている。各セルモジュール１９のＭＥＡを挟む２つのセパレータ１８間は、第１のシール部材３２によってシールされており、隣接するセルモジュール１９同士の間は、第２のシール部材３３によってシールされている。   The fuel gas, the oxidizing gas, and the refrigerant are sealed with each other in the cell. Between the two separators 18 sandwiching the MEA of each cell module 19 is sealed with a first seal member 32, and between adjacent cell modules 19 is sealed with a second seal member 33.

各セル１０（１セルモジュールの場合は、セル１０はセルモジュール１９と同じになる）の、アノード１４側では、水素を水素イオン（プロトン）と電子に変換する電離反応が行われ、水素イオンは電解質膜１１中をカソード１７側に移動し、カソード１７側では酸素と水素イオンおよび電子（隣りのＭＥＡのアノードで生成した電子がセパレータを通してくる、またはセル積層方向一端のセルのアノードで生成した電子が外部回路を通して他端のセルのカソードにくる）から水が生成され、次式にしたがって発電が行われる。
アノード側：Ｈ2 →２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ-
カソード側：２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ- ＋（１／２）Ｏ2 →Ｈ2 Ｏ An ionization reaction that converts hydrogen into hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons is performed on the anode 14 side of each cell 10 (in the case of a one-cell module, the cell 10 is the same as the cell module 19). The electrolyte moves through the electrolyte membrane 11 to the cathode 17 side. On the cathode 17 side, oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons (electrons generated at the anode of the adjacent MEA pass through the separator, or electrons generated at the anode of the cell at one end in the cell stacking direction). From an external circuit to the cathode of the other cell), and water is generated according to the following equation.
Anode side: H 2 → 2H + + 2e −
Cathode side: 2H + + 2e − + (1/2) O 2 → H 2 O

図１６に示すような行き詰まり流路の場合は、圧力分布が図１７に示すようになり、流速分布が図１８に示すようになって、（ｉ）圧力損失の増大、（ii）流路上流部での電解質膜の乾きと抵抗損失の増大、(iii) 流路下流部での排水性の悪化と電池出力の低下が生じた。   In the case of a dead flow channel as shown in FIG. 16, the pressure distribution is as shown in FIG. 17, the flow velocity distribution is as shown in FIG. The electrolyte membrane dries in the area and the resistance loss increases, and (iii) the drainage deteriorates and the battery output decreases in the downstream part of the flow path.

〔燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の、全実施例の共通構造〕−−−図１〜図３（図２、図３は作用）
これを解決するために、本発明の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の、全実施例の共通構造は、図１〜図３に示すように、酸化ガスを分配部３６から合流部３７に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）およびガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）を含む、複数の酸化ガス流路２８を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造からなる。
そして、ガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）は、その上流端が分配部３６に連通するとともに、その下流端が直接合流部３７に連通している。
また、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）は、その上流端が直接分配部３６に連通するとともに、その下流端がガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）とガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）との間にわたって延びる連通路４１を介してガス流路Ｂの途中部位にある合流点４３に連通し、ガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）の、合流点４３と合流部３７との間にある部分を介して、間接的に合流部３７に連通している。連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端の分岐点から合流点４３までにわたって延びる流路部分である。
したがって、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）もガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）も、行き詰まり流路ではない。また、ガス流路２８は、入口の分配部３６につながっている流路本数よりも、出口の合流部３７につながっている流路本数の方が少なくなっている。
ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）とガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）における酸化ガスの流れ方向は同方向であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路であり、その燃料ガス流路における燃料ガスの流れ方向は、現セルのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）とガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）における酸化ガスの流れ方向と逆（対向）方向である。
酸化ガス流れに関しては、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端まで流れて酸化ガスはガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端で連通路４１に入り、連通路４１を通ってガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３で合流し、ガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）の合流点４３から合流部３７までの部分を通って、合流部３７に流れる。 [A separator passage structure of a fuel cell, a common structure for all embodiments] --- 1-3 (FIG. 2, FIG. 3 is acting)
To solve this problem, a common structure of a fuel cell of the separator passage structure, all of the embodiments of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, distribution to the junction unit 37 to the oxidizing gas from the distributor 36 The fuel cell separator channel structure includes a plurality of oxidizing gas channels 28 including gas channel A (28A) and gas channel B (28B) that are different from each other.
The upstream end of the gas flow path B (28B) communicates with the distributor 36, and the downstream end thereof directly communicates with the junction 37.
Further, the gas flow path A (28A) has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor 36 and a downstream end extending between the gas flow path A (28A) and the gas flow path B (28B). 41, communicates with a confluence 43 in the middle of the gas flow path B through 41, and indirectly merges through a portion of the gas flow path B (28B) between the confluence 43 and the confluence 37. It communicates with the portion 37. The communication path 41 is a flow path portion extending from the branch point at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) to the junction point 43.
Therefore, neither the gas flow path A (28A) nor the gas flow path B (28B) is a dead-end flow path. Further, in the gas flow path 28, the number of flow paths connected to the outlet merge section 37 is smaller than the number of flow paths connected to the distribution section 36 at the inlet.
The flow direction of the oxidizing gas in the gas flow path A (28A) and the gas flow path B (28B) is the same direction, and the flow path portion of the cell adjacent to the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell via the separator. Is a fuel gas flow path, and the flow direction of the fuel gas in the fuel gas flow path is opposite (opposite) to the flow direction of the oxidizing gas in the gas flow path A (28A) and the gas flow path B (28B) of the current cell. Direction.
As for the oxidizing gas flow, the oxidizing gas flows to the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), enters the communication path 41 at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), passes through the communication path 41, and passes through the gas flow path B ( 28B) at the junction 43, and flows to the junction 37 through the portion from the junction 43 to the junction 37 of the gas flow path B (28B).

燃料ガス流路２７の流路構造は酸化ガス流路２８の流路構造と独立に決めてもよい。
たとえば、互いに別のガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）を含む、複数の燃料ガス流路２７を備え、（ｉ）ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流端を燃料ガスの分配部３４に直接連通させるとともに、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流端を燃料ガスの合流部３５に直接連通させる構造をとってもよいし、あるいは（ii）後述する実施例６〜９のように、ガス流路２７の、入口の分配部３４につながっている流路本数と、出口の合流部３５につながっている流路本数とを、異ならせてもよい。
また、本発明の燃料電池構造は、セパレータ面に沿って、ガス上流側での、セパレータガス流路間の拡散層を経由するガス流れが、ガス下流側での、セパレータガス流路間の拡散層を経由するガス流れより小とすることができる、ガス入口、出口の流路断面積、および／または拡散層気孔状態を有する。 The flow path structure of the fuel gas flow path 27 may be determined independently of the flow path structure of the oxidizing gas flow path 28.
For example, a plurality of fuel gas channels 27 including a gas channel C (27C) and a gas channel D (27D) that are different from each other are provided, and (i) the gas channel C (27C) and the gas channel D (27D). ) May be in direct communication with the fuel gas distributor 34, and the downstream ends of the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D) may be directly connected to the fuel gas confluence 35. Or (ii) the number of flow paths connected to the inlet distribution section 34 and the number of flow paths connected to the merge section 35 of the outlet, as in Examples 6 to 9 described later. May be different.
Further, the fuel cell structure of the present invention is such that the gas flow passing through the diffusion layer between the separator gas flow paths on the gas upstream side along the separator surface is diffused between the separator gas flow paths on the gas downstream side. It has a gas inlet, outlet channel cross-sectional area, and / or diffusion layer pore state that can be smaller than the gas flow through the layer.

上記酸化ガス流路構造をとることにより、つぎの作用、効果が得られる。すなわち、本発明の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、流路の圧力分布が図２に示すようになり、流路の流速分布が図３に示すようになる。
酸化ガスは、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）からガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）へ、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の途中部位でリブ下（セパレータのリブで押されている部分）拡散層１６を通って流れるとともに、連通路４１を通って流れるので、酸化ガスの全量がリブ下拡散層１６を通って流れていた図１６の場合に比べて、酸化ガスの圧力損失が低減する。
ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）もガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）も、上流端が直接分配部３６に連通しているため、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の上流端とガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）の上流端の圧力差は０であり、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の上流端とガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）の上流端との間を拡散層１６を通って抜ける酸化ガス量は少ない。その結果、低加湿運転時でも、拡散層１６を通って抜ける酸化ガスによる膜１１の乾きが抑制される。
酸化ガスは、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）からガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）へ、連通路４１を通しても流れるので、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端でも流速があり（これに対し、行き詰まり流路の場合にはガス流路Ａの下流端で流速は０）、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端の生成水を連通路４１、ガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）の下流端部を通して、合流部３７へ排出することができる。その結果、生成水による流路の閉塞と、電池出力の低下が抑制される。 By adopting the above-described oxidizing gas channel structure, the following action effects are obtained. That is, in the fuel cell separator passage structure of the present invention, the pressure distribution of the flow path is as shown in FIG. 2, the flow velocity distribution of the flow path as shown in FIG.
Oxidizing gas passes from the gas flow path A (28A) to the gas flow path B (28B) through the diffusion layer 16 below the rib (part pushed by the rib of the separator) in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A). In addition, the pressure loss of the oxidizing gas is reduced as compared with the case of FIG. 16 in which the entire amount of the oxidizing gas flows through the under-rib diffusion layer 16.
Since the upstream ends of both the gas flow path A (28A) and the gas flow path B (28B) communicate directly with the distributor 36, the upstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the gas flow path B (28B) The pressure difference at the upstream end is 0, and the amount of oxidizing gas that passes through the diffusion layer 16 between the upstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the upstream end of the gas flow path B (28B) is small. As a result, the drying of the film 11 by the oxidizing gas that passes through the diffusion layer 16 is suppressed even during the low humidification operation.
Since the oxidizing gas flows also from the gas flow path A (28A) to the gas flow path B (28B) through the communication path 41, there is also a flow velocity at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) (as opposed to a deadlock flow). In the case of a channel, the flow velocity is 0 at the downstream end of the gas flow path A), and the generated water at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) is joined through the communication path 41 and the downstream end of the gas flow path B (28B). It can be discharged to the part 37. As a result, the blockage of the flow path by the generated water and the decrease in battery output are suppressed.

図１の構造は、代表的構造であって、具体的には図４〜図１２に示す種々の構造をとることができる。図４〜図１２の構造の作用は図２、図３で説明したものに準じる。   The structure shown in FIG. 1 is a typical structure, and specifically, various structures shown in FIGS. The operation of the structure shown in FIGS. 4 to 12 is the same as that described with reference to FIGS.

〔実施例１〕−−−図４（イ）〜（ト）
本発明の実施例１では、図４（イ）〜（ト）に示すように、酸化ガス流路の連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）と該ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の両側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）とを連通する。連通路４１はガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から両側に分岐して、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の両側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３にて合流する。
図４のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）途中のＡ−Ａ断面では、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの間の部分は冷媒流路２６である。
図４のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端でのＢ−Ｂ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と流路Ｂの間の部分は連通路４１であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの連通路４１の、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は冷媒流路２６である。
図４のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端と合流部３７との間の部位でのＣ−Ｃ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂとの間の部分ｂ（流路Ｂと流路Ｂとの間の部分）はガス流路Ａは無く、冷媒流路２６である。また、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータ１８を介して隣接するセルの流路部ｃは燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの間の部分ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部ｄは冷媒流路２６である。 [Example 1] --- FIGS. 4 (a) to (g)
In the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4G, the communication path 41 of the oxidizing gas flow path includes the gas flow path A (28A) and both sides of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) located in The communication path 41 branches from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) to both sides, and merges at the merge point 43 with the gas flow path B (28B) on both sides of the gas flow path A (28A).
In the AA cross section in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A) of FIG. 4, the flow path portion of the cell adjacent to the flow path A and flow path B of the current cell via the separator is the fuel gas flow path 27. A portion between the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell is a refrigerant flow path 26.
In the BB cross section at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 4, the portion between the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell and the flow path B is the communication path 41, and the flow path of the current cell. The flow path portion of the cell adjacent to the downstream end of A and the flow path B via the separator is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path portion of the cell adjacent to the communication path 41 of the current cell via the separator is This is the refrigerant flow path 26.
In the CC cross section at the portion between the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the merging portion 37 in FIG. 4, the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell The portion b between them (the portion between the flow path B and the flow path B) is the refrigerant flow path 26 without the gas flow path A. Further, the flow path portion c of the cell adjacent to the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell via the separator 18 is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path A of the current cell. The flow path part d of the cell adjacent to the part a between the part a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end via the separator is a refrigerant flow path 26.

〔実施例２〕−−−図５（イ）〜（ニ）
本発明の実施例２では、図５（イ）〜（ニ）に示すように、酸化ガス流路の連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）と該ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）とを連通する。連通路４１はガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から片側のみに直角に折れ曲がって、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３にて合流する。ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端からの、連通路４１の折れ曲がりの方向は、すべてのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）について同じ方向である。
図５のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）途中のＡ−Ａ断面では、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの間の部分は冷媒流路である。
図５のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端でのＢ−Ｂ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と片側の流路Ｂの間の部分は連通路４１であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と上記片側と反対側の流路Ｂの間の部分の冷媒流路であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路である。
図５のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端と合流部３７との間の部位でのＣ−Ｃ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂとの間の部分ｂ（流路Ｂと流路Ｂとの間の部分）はガス流路Ａは無く、冷媒流路２６である。また、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータ１８を介して隣接するセルの流路部ｃは燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの間の部分ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部ｄは冷媒流路２６である。 [Example 2] --- FIGS. 5 (a) to (d)
In the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (d), the communication path 41 of the oxidizing gas flow path is composed of the gas flow path A (28A) and one side of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) located in The communication path 41 is bent at a right angle only on one side from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), and joins the gas flow path B (28B) on one side of the gas flow path A (28A) at the merge point 43. The direction of bending of the communication path 41 from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) is the same direction for all the gas flow paths A (28A).
In the AA cross section in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 5, the flow path portions of the cells adjacent to each other through the separator between the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell are fuel gas flow paths. A portion between the channel A and the channel B of the cell is a refrigerant channel.
In the BB cross section at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 5, the portion between the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell and the flow path B on one side is a communication path 41, and It is a refrigerant flow path in a portion between the downstream end of flow path A and flow path B on the opposite side of the one side, and the downstream end of flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell The flow path part is a fuel gas flow path.
In the CC cross section at the portion between the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the merging portion 37 in FIG. 5, the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell The portion b between them (the portion between the flow path B and the flow path B) is the refrigerant flow path 26 without the gas flow path A. Further, the flow path portion c of the cell adjacent to the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell via the separator 18 is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path A of the current cell. The flow path part d of the cell adjacent to the part a between the part a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end via the separator is a refrigerant flow path 26.

〔実施例３〕−−−図６（イ）〜（ニ）
本発明の実施例３では、図６（イ）〜（ニ）に示すように、酸化ガス流路の連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）と該ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）とを連通する。連通路４１はガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から片側のみに直角に折れ曲がって、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３にて合流する。ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端からの、連通路４１の折れ曲がりの方向は、隣り合う２つのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）同士では逆方向で、１つおきに見れば同じ方向である。
図６のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）途中のＡ−Ａ断面では、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの間の部分は冷媒流路である。
図６のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端でのＢ−Ｂ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と片側の流路Ｂの間の部分は連通路４１であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と上記片側と反対側の流路Ｂの間の部分の冷媒流路であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端と流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路である。
図６のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端と合流部３７との間の部位でのＣ−Ｃ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂとの間の部分ｂ（流路Ｂと流路Ｂとの間の部分）はガス流路Ａは無く、冷媒流路２６である。また、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータ１８を介して隣接するセルの流路部ｃは燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの間の部分ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部ｄは冷媒流路２６である。 [Example 3] --- FIGS. 6 (a) to (d)
In Example 3 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (d), the communication path 41 of the oxidizing gas flow path is composed of the gas flow path A (28A) and one side of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) located in The communication path 41 is bent at a right angle only on one side from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), and joins the gas flow path B (28B) on one side of the gas flow path A (28A) at the merge point 43. The direction of bending of the communication passage 41 from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) is the reverse direction between the two adjacent gas flow paths A (28A), and the same direction when viewed every other.
In the AA cross section in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 6, the flow path portions of the cells adjacent to each other through the separator between the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell are fuel gas flow paths. A portion between the channel A and the channel B of the cell is a refrigerant channel.
In the BB cross section at the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 6, the portion between the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell and the flow path B on one side is a communication path 41, and It is a refrigerant flow path in a portion between the downstream end of flow path A and flow path B on the opposite side of the one side, and the downstream end of flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell The flow path part is a fuel gas flow path.
In the CC cross section at the portion between the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the merging portion 37 in FIG. 6, the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell. The portion b between them (the portion between the flow path B and the flow path B) is the refrigerant flow path 26 without the gas flow path A. Further, the flow path portion c of the cell adjacent to the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell via the separator 18 is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path A of the current cell. The flow path part d of the cell adjacent to the part a between the part a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end via the separator is a refrigerant flow path 26.

〔実施例４〕−−−図７（イ）〜（ハ）
本発明の実施例４では、図７（イ）〜（ハ）に示すように、酸化ガス流路の連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）と該ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側（または両側）にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）とを連通する。連通路４１はガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から片側（または両側）に斜めに（望ましくは、斜め上流側に）折れ曲がって、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側（または両側）にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３にて合流する。ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から連通路４１が片側のみに折れ曲がる場合、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端からの、連通路４１の折れ曲がりの方向は、（ｉ）すべてのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）に対して同じ方向であるか、または、（ii）隣り合う２つのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）同士では逆方向で、１つおきに見れば同じ方向である。
図７のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）途中のＡ−Ａ断面では、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの間の部分は冷媒流路である。
図７のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端と合流部３７との間の部位でのＣ−Ｃ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂとの間の部分ｂ（流路Ｂと流路Ｂとの間の部分）はガス流路Ａは無く、冷媒流路２６である。また、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータ１８を介して隣接するセルの流路部ｃは燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの間の部分ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部ｄは冷媒流路２６である。 [Embodiment 4] FIGS. 7A to 7C
In Example 4 of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the communication path 41 of the oxidizing gas flow path is composed of the gas flow path A (28A) and one side of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) in (or both sides) is communicated. The communication passage 41 is bent obliquely (desirably, obliquely upstream) from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) to one side (or both sides) of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) merges at the merge point 43. When the communication path 41 is bent only on one side from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), the bending direction of the communication path 41 from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) is (i) all gas flows. The direction is the same with respect to the path A (28A), or (ii) the two adjacent gas flow paths A (28A) are in the opposite direction, and the same direction when seen every other.
In the AA cross section in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 7, the flow path portions of the cells adjacent to each other through the separator between the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell are fuel gas flow paths. A portion between the channel A and the channel B of the cell is a refrigerant channel.
In the CC cross section at the portion between the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the merging portion 37 in FIG. 7, the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell The portion b between them (the portion between the flow path B and the flow path B) is the refrigerant flow path 26 without the gas flow path A. Further, the flow path portion c of the cell adjacent to the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell via the separator 18 is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path A of the current cell. The flow path part d of the cell adjacent to the part a between the part a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end via the separator is a refrigerant flow path 26.

〔実施例５〕−−−図８（イ）〜（ハ）
本発明の実施例５では、図８（イ）〜（ハ）に示すように、酸化ガス流路の連通路４１は、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）と該ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側（または両側）にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）とを連通する。連通路４１はガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から片側（または両側）にクランク状に（望ましくは、クランク状に上流側に）折れ曲がって、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の片側（または両側）にあるガス流路Ｂ（２８Ｂ）に合流点４３にて合流する。ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端から連通路４１が片側のみに折れ曲がる場合、ガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端からの、連通路４１の折れ曲がりの方向は、（ｉ）すべてのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）に対して同じ方向であるか、または、（ii）隣り合う２つのガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）同士では逆方向で、１つおきに見れば同じ方向である。
図８のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）途中のＡ−Ａ断面では、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部は燃料ガス流路であり、現セルの流路Ａと流路Ｂの間の部分は冷媒流路である。
図８のガス流路Ａ（２８Ａ）の下流端と合流部３７との間の部位でのＣ−Ｃ断面では、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂとの間の部分ｂ（流路Ｂと流路Ｂとの間の部分）はガス流路Ａは無く、冷媒流路２６である。また、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの、セパレータ１８を介して隣接するセルの流路部ｃは燃料ガス流路２７であり、現セルの流路Ａの下流端を越えた部分ａと流路Ｂの間の部分ｂの、セパレータを介して隣接するセルの流路部ｄは冷媒流路２６である。 [Example 5] FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (c)
In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, the communicating path 41 of the oxidizing gas flow path is composed of the gas flow path A (28A) and one side of the gas flow path A (28A). The gas flow path B (28B) in (or both sides) is communicated. The communication path 41 is bent in a crank shape (preferably upstream in the crank shape) from one end (or both sides) of the gas flow path A (28A) to one side (or both sides) of the gas flow path A (28A). ) Joins the gas flow path B (28B) at the joining point 43. When the communication path 41 is bent only on one side from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A), the bending direction of the communication path 41 from the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) is (i) all gas flows. The direction is the same with respect to the path A (28A), or (ii) the two adjacent gas flow paths A (28A) are in the opposite direction, and the same direction when seen every other.
In the AA cross section in the middle of the gas flow path A (28A) in FIG. 8, the flow path portions of the cells adjacent to each other through the separator between the flow path A and the flow path B of the current cell are fuel gas flow paths. A portion between the channel A and the channel B of the cell is a refrigerant channel.
In the CC cross section at the portion between the downstream end of the gas flow path A (28A) and the merging portion 37 in FIG. 8, the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell The portion b between them (the portion between the flow path B and the flow path B) is the refrigerant flow path 26 without the gas flow path A. Further, the flow path portion c of the cell adjacent to the portion a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end of the flow path A of the current cell via the separator 18 is the fuel gas flow path 27, and the flow path A of the current cell. The flow path part d of the cell adjacent to the part a between the part a and the flow path B beyond the downstream end via the separator is a refrigerant flow path 26.

〔実施例６〕−−−図９（イ）〜（ホ）
本発明の実施例６は、酸化ガス流路２８に図１、図４〜図８の何れかの構造（図９の（イ）の構造）をとったまま、あるいは、全酸化ガス流路２８（流路Ａ、流路Ｂ）が上流端で分配部に連通し下流端で合流部に連通する構造をとったまま、燃料ガス流路２７に図９の（ロ）〜（ホ）の構造をとったセパレータ流路構造である。
本発明の実施例６の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、燃料ガスを分配部３４から合流部３５に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）を含む、複数の燃料ガス流路２７を備える。
ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部３５に連通している。
ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）との間にわたって延びる連通路４０を介してガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の途中部位（ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の長さ方向の中央点とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流端との間にある部位）にある合流点４２に連通し、ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の、合流点４２と合流部３５との間にある部分を介して、間接的に、合流部３５に連通している。
酸化ガス流路２８の酸化ガスの流れ方向と燃料ガス流路２７の燃料ガスの流れ方向は、互いに逆で、対向流である。 [Embodiment 6] FIGS. 9 (a) to 9 (e)
In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the oxidizing gas channel 28 is left in the structure of any of FIGS. 1 and 4 to 8 (the structure of FIG. 9 (A)) or the entire oxidizing gas channel 28. 9 (B) to (E) shown in FIG. 9 in the fuel gas flow path 27 with the structure (the flow path A and the flow path B) communicating with the distribution section at the upstream end and communicating with the merge section at the downstream end. It is the separator channel structure which took.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention includes a gas flow path C (27C) and a gas flow path D (27D), which are different from each other, for allowing the fuel gas to flow from the distribution section 34 to the merge section 35. A plurality of fuel gas flow paths 27 are provided.
The gas flow path D (27D) has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor 34 and a downstream end directly connected to the junction 35.
The gas flow path C (27C) has an upstream end directly connected to the distribution section 34 and a downstream end via a communication path 40 extending between the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D). Communicating with the junction 42 in the middle of the gas flow path D (27D) (the position between the central point in the length direction of the gas flow path D (27D) and the downstream end of the gas flow path D (27D)) However, the gas flow path D (27D) communicates indirectly with the merging portion 35 via a portion between the merging point 42 and the merging portion 35.
The flow direction of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the flow direction of the fuel gas in the fuel gas flow path 27 are opposite to each other and are opposite flows.

この構造をとることにより、本発明の実施例６の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、つぎの作用、効果が得られる。
本発明の実施例６の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、流路の圧力分布が図２に示すようになり、流路の流速分布が図３に示すようになる。図２、図３は酸化ガス流路の場合を示すが、燃料ガス流路にも適用できる。
燃料ガスは、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）からガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）へ、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の途中部位でリブ下（セパレータのリブで押されている部分）拡散層１３を通って流れるとともに、連通路４０を通って流れるので、燃料ガスの全量がリブ下拡散層１３を通って流れていた図１６の場合に比べて、燃料ガスの圧力損失が低減する。
ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）もガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）も、上流端が直接分配部３６に連通しているため、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の上流端とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流端の圧力差は０であり、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の上流端とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流端との間を拡散層１６を通って抜ける燃料ガス量は少ない。その結果、低加湿運転時でも、拡散層１６を通って抜ける燃料ガスによる膜１１の乾きが抑制される。
燃料ガスは、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）からガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）へ、連通路４０を通しても流れるので、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の下流端でも流速があり（これに対し、行き詰まり流路の場合にはガス流路Ｃの下流端で流速は０）、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の下流端の水（酸化ガス流路の水分が膜１１を通して燃料ガス流路に移行してくる水）を連通路４０、ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流端部を通して、合流部３５へ排出することができる。その結果、水による流路の閉塞と、電池出力の低下が抑制される。 By adopting this structure, the following operation and effect can be obtained in the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 6 of the present invention.
In the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 6 of the present invention, the pressure distribution in the channel is as shown in FIG. 2, and the flow velocity distribution in the channel is as shown in FIG. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the case of an oxidizing gas channel, but the present invention can also be applied to a fuel gas channel.
The fuel gas passes from the gas flow path C (27C) to the gas flow path D (27D) through the diffusion layer 13 below the rib (part pushed by the separator rib) in the middle of the gas flow path C (27C). In addition, the pressure loss of the fuel gas is reduced as compared with the case of FIG. 16 in which the entire amount of the fuel gas flows through the under-rib diffusion layer 13.
Since the upstream ends of both the gas channel C (27C) and the gas channel D (27D) are in direct communication with the distributor 36, the upstream end of the gas channel C (27C) and the gas channel D (27D) The pressure difference at the upstream end is 0, and the amount of fuel gas that passes through the diffusion layer 16 between the upstream end of the gas flow path C (27C) and the upstream end of the gas flow path D (27D) is small. As a result, drying of the membrane 11 by the fuel gas that passes through the diffusion layer 16 is suppressed even during the low humidification operation.
Since the fuel gas flows also from the gas flow path C (27C) to the gas flow path D (27D) through the communication path 40, there is also a flow velocity at the downstream end of the gas flow path C (27C) (as opposed to a deadlock flow). In the case of a channel, the flow velocity is 0 at the downstream end of the gas channel C), and the water at the downstream end of the gas channel C (27C) (water in the oxidizing gas channel moves to the fuel gas channel through the membrane 11). Water) can be discharged to the merging portion 35 through the communication passage 40 and the downstream end of the gas flow path D (27D). As a result, the blockage of the flow path by water and the decrease in battery output are suppressed.

〔実施例７〕−−−図１０（イ）〜（ホ）
本発明の実施例７は、酸化ガス流路２８に図１、図４〜図８の何れかの構造（図１０の（イ）の構造）をとったまま、あるいは、全酸化ガス流路２８（流路Ａ、流路Ｂ）が上流端で分配部に連通し下流端で合流部に連通する構造をとったまま、燃料ガス流路２７に図１０の（ロ）〜（ホ）の構造をとったセパレータ流路構造である。
本発明の実施例７の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、燃料ガスを分配部３４から合流部３５に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）を含む、複数の燃料ガス流路２７を備える。
ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部３５に連通している。
ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）とガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）との間にわたって延びる連通路４０を介してガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の途中部位（ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の長さ方向の中央点とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流端との間にある部位）にある合流点４２に連通し、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の、合流点４２と合流部３５との間にある部分を介して、間接的に、合流部３５に連通している。
酸化ガス流路２８の酸化ガスの流れ方向と燃料ガス流路２７の燃料ガスの流れ方向は、互いに逆で、対向流である。
この構造をとることにより、本発明の実施例７の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、本発明の実施例６の作用、効果と類似の作用、効果が得られる。 [Example 7] FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (e)
In the seventh embodiment of the present invention, the oxidizing gas flow channel 28 is left in the structure of any of FIGS. 1 and 4 to 8 (the structure of FIG. 10 (A)) or the total oxidizing gas flow channel 28. (B) to (E) shown in FIG. 10 in the fuel gas flow path 27 with the structure (the flow path A and the flow path B) communicating with the distribution section at the upstream end and communicating with the merge section at the downstream end. It is the separator channel structure which took.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention includes the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D) that are different from each other and that allows the fuel gas to flow from the distribution section 34 to the merge section 35. A plurality of fuel gas flow paths 27 are provided.
The gas flow path C (27 </ b> C) has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor 34 and a downstream end directly connected to the junction 35.
The gas flow path D (27D) has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor 34 and a downstream end via a communication path 40 extending between the gas flow path D (27D) and the gas flow path C (27C). Communicating with a confluence point 42 in the middle part of the gas flow path C (27C) (a part between the central point in the length direction of the gas flow path D (27D) and the downstream end of the gas flow path D (27D)) However, the gas flow path C (27C) communicates indirectly with the merging portion 35 via a portion between the merging point 42 and the merging portion 35.
The flow direction of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the flow direction of the fuel gas in the fuel gas flow path 27 are opposite to each other and are opposite flows.
By adopting this structure, in the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 7 of the present invention, the operation and effect similar to those of Example 6 of the present invention can be obtained.

〔実施例８〕−−−図１１（イ）〜（ホ）
本発明の実施例８は、酸化ガス流路２８に図１、図４〜図８の何れかの構造（図１１の（イ）の構造）をとったまま、あるいは、全酸化ガス流路２８（流路Ａ、流路Ｂ）が上流端で分配部に連通し下流端で合流部に連通する構造をとったまま、燃料ガス流路２７に図１１の（ロ）〜（ホ）の構造をとったセパレータ流路構造である。
本発明の実施例８の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、燃料ガスを分配部３４から合流部３５に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）を含む、複数の燃料ガス流路２７を備える。
ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部３５に連通している。
ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）は、下流端が直接合流部３５に接続するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）との間にわたって延びる連通路４０を介してガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の途中部位（ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の長さ方向の中央点とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流端との間にある部位）にある合流点４２に連通し、ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の、合流点４２と分配部３４との間にある部分を介して、間接的に、分配部３４に連通している。
酸化ガス流路２８の酸化ガスの流れ方向と燃料ガス流路２７の燃料ガスの流れ方向は、互いに逆で、対向流である。
この構造をとることにより、本発明の実施例８の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、本発明の実施例６の作用、効果と類似の作用、効果が得られる。実施例６では、連通路４０がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流側にあるのに対し、実施例８では、連通路４０がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流側にあるが、燃料ガス流路の場合は酸化ガス流路に比べて生成水による流路閉塞のおそれが小さいので、連通路４０をガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流側に設けても問題は生じない。 [Embodiment 8] FIG. 11 (a) to (e)
In Example 8 of the present invention, the oxidizing gas flow path 28 is left in the structure of any of FIGS. 1 and 4 to 8 (the structure of FIG. 11 (A)), or the total oxidizing gas flow path 28. 11 (B) to (E) in FIG. 11 in the fuel gas flow path 27 with the structure (the flow path A and the flow path B) communicating with the distribution section at the upstream end and communicating with the merge section at the downstream end. It is the separator channel structure which took.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention includes a gas flow path C (27C) and a gas flow path D (27D), which are different from each other, for allowing the fuel gas to flow from the distribution section 34 to the merge section 35. A plurality of fuel gas flow paths 27 are provided.
The gas flow path D (27D) has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor 34 and a downstream end directly connected to the junction 35.
The gas flow path C (27C) has a downstream end directly connected to the merge portion 35 and an upstream end via a communication path 40 extending between the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D). Communicating to a junction 42 in the middle of the gas flow path D (27D) (the position between the central point in the length direction of the gas flow path D (27D) and the upstream end of the gas flow path D (27D)) In addition, the gas flow path D (27D) communicates indirectly with the distribution section 34 via a portion between the junction point 42 and the distribution section 34.
The flow direction of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the flow direction of the fuel gas in the fuel gas flow path 27 are opposite to each other and are opposite flows.
By adopting this structure, in the fuel cell separator flow path structure of the eighth embodiment of the present invention, the operation and effect similar to those of the sixth embodiment of the present invention can be obtained. In the sixth embodiment, the communication path 40 is on the downstream side of the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D), whereas in the eighth embodiment, the communication path 40 is connected to the gas flow path C (27C). Although it is on the upstream side of the gas flow path D (27D), in the case of the fuel gas flow path, there is less risk of blockage of the flow path due to the generated water as compared to the oxidizing gas flow path. ) And the upstream side of the gas flow path D (27D), no problem occurs.

〔実施例９〕−−−図１２（イ）〜（ホ）
本発明の実施例９は、酸化ガス流路２８に図１、図４〜図８の何れかの構造（図１２の（イ）の構造）をとったまま、あるいは、全酸化ガス流路２８（流路Ａ、流路Ｂ）が上流端で分配部に連通し下流端で合流部に連通する構造をとったまま、燃料ガス流路２７に図１２の（ロ）〜（ホ）の構造をとったセパレータ流路構造である。
本発明の実施例９の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造は、燃料ガスを分配部３４から合流部３５に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）およびガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）を含む、複数の燃料ガス流路２７を備える。
ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）は、上流端が直接分配部３４に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部３５に連通している。
ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）は、下流端が直接合流部３５に接続するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）とガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）との間にわたって延びる連通路４０を介してガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の途中部位（ガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の長さ方向の中央点とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流端との間にある部位）にある合流点４２に連通し、ガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）の、合流点４２と分配部３４との間にある部分を介して、間接的に、分配部３４に連通している。
酸化ガス流路２８の酸化ガスの流れ方向と燃料ガス流路２７の燃料ガスの流れ方向は、互いに逆で、対向流である。
この構造をとることにより、本発明の実施例９の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造では、本発明の実施例６の作用、効果と類似の作用、効果が得られる。実施例６では、連通路４０がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の下流側にあるのに対し、実施例９では、連通路４０がガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流側にあるが、燃料ガス流路の場合は酸化ガス流路に比べて生成水による流路閉塞のおそれが小さいので、連通路４０をガス流路Ｃ（２７Ｃ）とガス流路Ｄ（２７Ｄ）の上流側に設けても問題は生じない。 [Embodiment 9] FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (e)
In the ninth embodiment of the present invention, the oxidizing gas flow channel 28 is left in the structure of any of FIGS. 1 and 4 to 8 (the structure of FIG. 12 (A)), or the total oxidizing gas flow channel 28. 12 (B) to (E) shown in FIG. 12 in the fuel gas flow path 27 with the structure (the flow path A and the flow path B) communicating with the distribution section at the upstream end and communicating with the merging section at the downstream end. It is the separator channel structure which took.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention includes a gas flow path C (27C) and a gas flow path D (27D), which are different from each other, for allowing the fuel gas to flow from the distribution section 34 to the merge section 35. A plurality of fuel gas flow paths 27 are provided.
The gas flow path C (27 </ b> C) has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor 34 and a downstream end directly connected to the junction 35.
The gas flow path D (27D) has a downstream end directly connected to the merging portion 35 and an upstream end via a communication path 40 extending between the gas flow path D (27D) and the gas flow path C (27C). Communicating with a confluence point 42 in the middle part of the gas flow path C (27C) (a part between the central point in the length direction of the gas flow path D (27D) and the downstream end of the gas flow path D (27D)) The gas flow path C (27C) communicates indirectly with the distribution section 34 through a portion between the junction 42 and the distribution section 34.
The flow direction of the oxidant gas in the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the flow direction of the fuel gas in the fuel gas flow path 27 are opposite to each other and are opposite flows.
By adopting this structure, in the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 9 of the present invention, functions and effects similar to those of Example 6 of the present invention can be obtained. In the sixth embodiment, the communication path 40 is on the downstream side of the gas flow path C (27C) and the gas flow path D (27D), whereas in the ninth embodiment, the communication path 40 is connected to the gas flow path C (27C). Although it is on the upstream side of the gas flow path D (27D), in the case of the fuel gas flow path, there is less risk of blockage of the flow path due to the generated water as compared to the oxidizing gas flow path. ) And the upstream side of the gas flow path D (27D), no problem occurs.

本発明の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の全実施例の共通構成の正面図である。It is a front view of a common structure for all embodiments of the fuel cell separator passage structure of the present invention. 図１のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合の燃料電池の、圧力／流路位置のグラフである。3 is a graph of pressure / flow path position of a fuel cell when the separator flow path structure of FIG. 1 is applied. 図１のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合の燃料電池の、流速／流路位置のグラフである。2 is a graph of a flow rate / flow path position of a fuel cell when the separator flow path structure of FIG. 1 is applied. （イ）は本発明の実施例１の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は（イ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。（ハ）は（イ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。（ホ）は（イ）の流路Ａ断面図である。（ヘ）は（イ）の流路Ｂ断面図である。（ト）は（イ）の流路Ａと流路Ｂとの間の部位の断面図である。(A) is a front view of the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 1 of this invention. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A). (C) is a BB sectional view of (A). (D) is CC sectional drawing of (A). (E) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path A of (a). (F) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path B of (a). (G) is sectional drawing of the site | part between the flow path A and the flow path B of (b). （イ）は本発明の実施例２の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は（イ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。（ハ）は（イ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。(A) is a front view of the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 2 of this invention. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A). (C) is a BB sectional view of (A). (D) is CC sectional drawing of (A). （イ）は本発明の実施例３の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は（イ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。（ハ）は（イ）のＢ−Ｂ断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。(A) is a front view of the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 3 of this invention. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A). (C) is a BB sectional view of (A). (D) is CC sectional drawing of (A). （イ）は本発明の実施例４の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は（イ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。（ハ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。(A) is a front view of the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 4 of this invention. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A). (C) is CC sectional drawing of (A). （イ）は本発明の実施例５の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は（イ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。（ハ）は（イ）のＣ−Ｃ断面図である。(A) is a front view of the separator flow path structure of the fuel cell of Example 5 of this invention. (B) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in (A). (C) is CC sectional drawing of (A). （イ）は本発明の実施例６の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の酸化ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は本発明の実施例６の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の燃料ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ハ）は（イ）の流路Ａでの断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）の流路Ｂでの断面図である。（ホ）は（イ）の流路Ａと流路Ｂとの間の部位での断面図である。(A) is a front view of the oxidizing gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 6 of the present invention. (B) is a front view of the fuel gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 6 of the present invention. (C) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path A of (A). (D) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path B of (A). (E) is a cross-sectional view of the portion between the flow path A and the flow path B of (a). （イ）は本発明の実施例７の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の酸化ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は本発明の実施例７の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の燃料ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ハ）は（イ）の流路Ａでの断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）の流路Ｂでの断面図である。（ホ）は（イ）の流路Ａと流路Ｂとの間の部位での断面図である。(A) is a front view of the oxidizing gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 7 of the present invention. (B) is a front view of the fuel gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 7 of the present invention. (C) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path A of (A). (D) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path B of (A). (E) is a cross-sectional view of the portion between the flow path A and the flow path B of (a). （イ）は本発明の実施例８の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の酸化ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は本発明の実施例８の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の燃料ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ハ）は（イ）の流路Ａでの断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）の流路Ｂでの断面図である。（ホ）は（イ）の流路Ａと流路Ｂとの間の部位での断面図である。(A) is a front view of the oxidizing gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 8 of the present invention. (B) is a front view of the fuel gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 8 of the present invention. (C) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path A of (A). (D) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path B of (A). (E) is a cross-sectional view of the portion between the flow path A and the flow path B of (a). （イ）は本発明の実施例９の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の酸化ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ロ）は本発明の実施例９の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の燃料ガス流路構造の正面図である。（ハ）は（イ）の流路Ａでの断面図である。（ニ）は（イ）の流路Ｂでの断面図である。（ホ）は（イ）の流路Ａと流路Ｂとの間の部位での断面図である。(A) is a front view of the oxidizing gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 9 of the present invention. (B) is a front view of the fuel gas channel structure of the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of Example 9 of the present invention. (C) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path A of (A). (D) is a cross-sectional view of the flow path B of (A). (E) is a cross-sectional view of the portion between the flow path A and the flow path B of (a). 本発明の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造が適用される燃料電池のスタックの側面図である。It is a side view of the stack of the fuel cell to which the separator channel structure of the fuel cell of the present invention is applied. 図１３の一部拡大断面図である。It is a partially expanded sectional view of FIG. 図１３のセパレータ部位での正面図である。It is a front view in the separator site | part of FIG. 従来の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造の正面図である。It is a front view of the separator flow-path structure of the conventional fuel cell. 図１６のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合の燃料電池の、圧力／流路位置のグラフである。FIG. 17 is a graph of pressure / flow path position of a fuel cell when the separator flow path structure of FIG. 16 is applied. 図１６のセパレータ流路構造を適用した場合の燃料電池の、流速／流路位置のグラフである。FIG. 17 is a graph of flow velocity / flow path position of a fuel cell when the separator flow path structure of FIG. 16 is applied.

１０ （固体高分子電解質型）燃料電池（セル）
１１ 電解質膜
１３、１６ 拡散層
１４ アノード
１７ カソード
１８ セパレータ
１９ モジュール
２０ ターミナル
２１ インシュレータ
２２ エンドプレート
２３ 燃料電池スタック
２４ 締結部材（テンションプレート）
２５ ボルト・ナット
２６ 冷媒流路（流体流路）
２７ 燃料ガス流路（流体流路）
２７Ｃ、２７Ｄ ガス流路（燃料ガス）
２８ 酸化ガス流路（流体流路）
２８Ａ、２８Ｂ ガス流路（酸化ガス）
２９ 冷媒マニホールド（流体マニホールド）
３０ 燃料ガスマニホールド（流体マニホールド）
３１ 酸化ガスマニホールド（流体マニホールド）
３２ ガスケット
３３ 接着剤
３４ 分配部（燃料ガス）
３５ 合流部（燃料ガス）
３６ 分配部（酸化ガス）
３７ 合流部（酸化ガス）
４０ 連通路（燃料ガス
４１ 連通路（酸化ガス）
４２ 合流点（燃料ガス）
４３ 合流点（酸化ガス） 10 (Solid polymer electrolyte type) Fuel cell (cell)
11 Electrolyte membranes 13 and 16 Diffusion layer 14 Anode 17 Cathode 18 Separator 19 Module 20 Terminal 21 Insulator 22 End plate 23 Fuel cell stack 24 Fastening member (tension plate)
25 Bolt / Nut 26 Refrigerant flow path (fluid flow path)
27 Fuel gas flow path (fluid flow path)
27C, 27D Gas flow path (fuel gas)
28 Oxidizing gas channel (fluid channel)
28A, 28B Gas flow path (oxidizing gas)
29 Refrigerant manifold (fluid manifold)
30 Fuel gas manifold (fluid manifold)
31 Oxidizing gas manifold (fluid manifold)
32 Gasket 33 Adhesive 34 Distribution part (fuel gas)
35 Junction (fuel gas)
36 Distribution section (oxidizing gas)
37 Junction (oxidizing gas)
40 communication path (fuel gas 41 communication path (oxidizing gas)
42 Junction (fuel gas)
43 Junction (oxidizing gas)

Claims (10)

酸化ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ａおよびガス流路Ｂを含む、複数の酸化ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｂは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ａは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｂの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｂの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通しており、
ガス流路Ａは、ガス流路Ｂに直接合流せずに、前記連通路を介して合流しており、
前記連通路があることにより、ガス流通時に、ガス通路Ａの圧力はガス通路Ｂの合流点より上流の圧力以上で、ガス流路Ａとガス流路Ｂとの間にはガス流路Ａの上流端で０でガス流路Ａの下流端に向かって増大する差圧があり、該差圧によりガス流路Ａからガス流路Ｂに拡散層を通る流れがあり、
前記ガス流路Ａと前記ガス流路Ｂの前記合流点より上流側の部分とは互いに平行であり、前記分配部から前記連通路の前記ガス流路Ａからの分岐点へのガス流路は前記ガス流路Ａのみである、燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。 A separator flow path structure for a fuel cell including a plurality of oxidizing gas flow paths including a gas flow path A and a gas flow path B that are different from each other and that circulates the oxidizing gas from the distribution section to the merging section,
The gas flow path B has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path A has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end connected to the gas flow path B through a communication path extending between the gas flow path A and the gas flow path B. Communicating with a certain merging point, and indirectly communicating with the merging portion through a portion of the gas flow path B between the merging point and the merging portion ,
The gas flow path A is not joined directly to the gas flow path B, but joined via the communication path,
Due to the presence of the communication passage, the pressure of the gas passage A is equal to or higher than the pressure upstream of the confluence of the gas passage B when the gas flows, and the gas passage A is interposed between the gas passage A and the gas passage B. There is a differential pressure increasing toward the downstream end of the gas flow path A at 0 at the upstream end, and there is a flow through the diffusion layer from the gas flow path A to the gas flow path B due to the differential pressure,
The gas flow path A and the upstream portion of the gas flow path B from the merge point are parallel to each other, and the gas flow path from the distributor to the branch point from the gas flow path A of the communication path is A separator channel structure of a fuel cell, which is only the gas channel A. 前記連通路は、前記ガス流路Ａと該ガス流路Ａの両側にあるガス流路Ｂとを連通する請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。   The fuel cell separator channel structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication channel communicates the gas channel A with a gas channel B on both sides of the gas channel A. 前記連通路は、前記ガス流路Ａと該ガス流路Ａの片側にあるガス流路Ｂとを連通する請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。   The fuel cell separator channel structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication channel communicates the gas channel A and a gas channel B on one side of the gas channel A. 前記連通路は前記ガス流路Ａに直交する流路からなる請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。   The fuel cell separator flow path structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication path is a flow path orthogonal to the gas flow path A. 前記連通路は前記ガス流路Ａに斜交する流路からなる請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。   The fuel cell separator flow path structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication path includes a flow path obliquely intersecting the gas flow path A. 前記連通路はクランク状流路からなる請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。   The fuel cell separator channel structure according to claim 1, wherein the communication path comprises a crank-shaped channel. 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｃとガス流路Ｄとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｄの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｄの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通している、
請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。 A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes fuel gas from a distribution section to a merge section,
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicated with the junction.
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end connected to the gas flow path D through a communication path extending between the gas flow path C and the gas flow path D. Communicating with a certain merging point, and indirectly communicating with the merging portion through a portion of the gas flow path D between the merging point and the merging portion.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to claim 1. 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に接続するとともに、下流端がガス流路Ｄとガス流路Ｃとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｃの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｃの、前記合流点と前記合流部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記合流部に連通している、
請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。 A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes fuel gas from a distribution section to a merge section,
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly connected to the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicated with the junction.
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly connected to the distribution unit, and a downstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path C via a communication path extending between the gas flow path D and the gas flow path C. Communicating with a certain merging point, and indirectly communicating with the merging portion through a portion of the gas flow path C between the merging point and the merging portion.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to claim 1. 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｃとガス流路Ｄとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｄの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｄの、前記合流点と前記分配部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記分配部に連通している、
請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。 A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes fuel gas from a distribution section to a merge section,
The gas flow path D has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path C has a downstream end directly communicating with the merging portion, and an upstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path D via a communication path extending between the gas flow path C and the gas flow path D. Communicating with a certain confluence, and indirectly communicating with the distributor through a portion of the gas flow path D between the confluence and the distributor.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to claim 1. 燃料ガスを分配部から合流部に流通させる、互いに別のガス流路Ｃおよびガス流路Ｄを含む、複数の燃料ガス流路を備えた燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造であって、
前記ガス流路Ｃは、上流端が直接前記分配部に連通するとともに、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通しており、
前記ガス流路Ｄは、下流端が直接前記合流部に連通するとともに、上流端がガス流路Ｄとガス流路Ｃとの間にわたって延びる連通路を介して前記ガス流路Ｃの途中部位にある合流点に連通し、ガス流路Ｃの、前記合流点と前記分配部との間にある部分を介して、間接的に前記分配部に連通している、
請求項１記載の燃料電池のセパレータ流路構造。 A fuel cell separator flow path structure including a plurality of fuel gas flow paths including a gas flow path C and a gas flow path D that are different from each other and distributes fuel gas from a distribution section to a merge section,
The gas flow path C has an upstream end directly communicating with the distributor, and a downstream end directly communicating with the junction.
The gas flow path D has a downstream end directly communicating with the merging portion, and an upstream end connected to the middle portion of the gas flow path C via a communication path extending between the gas flow path D and the gas flow path C. Communicated with a certain junction, and indirectly communicated with the distributor through a portion of the gas flow path C between the junction and the distributor.
The separator flow path structure of the fuel cell according to claim 1.
JP2005228142A 2005-08-05 2005-08-05 Fuel cell separator channel structure Expired - Fee Related JP4972891B2 (en)

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