JP4967115B2 - Method for color modification of horticultural crops using metal ions - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing a plant in which a flower having a color different from that of an existing flower blooms. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cultivation method for causing a blue flower to bloom in a plant containing an anthocyanin pigment, which normally blooms an orange, pink, red, reddish purple or the like.

  Natural plant pigments contribute to the natural color development of plants, but the main substances include chlorophylls, carotenoid pigments and anthocyanin pigments. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that mainly contributes to the coloration of leaves and stems. Power rotinoids cover yellow to orange and red colors. Anthocyanin pigments are often colored from orange to pink, red and reddish purple. Blue coloration is also caused by anthocyanin dyes, but the color development mechanism is complex and research is ongoing. Surprisingly, there are few varieties of blue flowers close to sky blue among the main florets sold at florists. In the case of roses, it has been a breeder's dream to make blue roses since ancient times, but it is said that conventional breeding techniques are difficult, and in recent years, the production of blue roses has been studied using genetic engineering. Many blue flowers contain delphinidin, but plants that do not know blue flowers such as roses do not contain delphinidin. Therefore, for example, in Patent Document 1, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a DHK hydroxylase such as 3 ′, 5′-hydroxylase is introduced into a transgenic plant and expressed thereby, whereby DHK (dihydrocamperol) and / or Attempts are being made to produce plants of various hues of blue and blue-like colors by finally converting other suitable substrates into anthocyanin derivatives of anthocyanidins such as delphinidin, petunidin or malvidin. Further, in Patent Document 2, since the absorption maximum of anthocyan shifts to the long wavelength side due to the transfer of the aromatic acyl group, it is considered effective when the existing flower color is bluish. A method for controlling the acyl transfer reaction to anthocyan is shown.

  In addition, the easiest way to obtain a new flower color is to absorb artificial pigments such as blue and green from the stem of a flower with white petals and color it to your favorite color. Currently, various dye solutions are on the market. However, in this method, the entire cut flower is uniformly colored and is not popular because it receives an artificial impression, and is not used much.

  The reaction of binding an anthocyanin dye having a hydroxyl group to a molybdenum ion and a B ring and turning blue under strongly acidic conditions has long been known as a method for analyzing an anthocyanin dye extracted with a solvent. Non-Patent Document 1 investigates the effect of absorbing a sodium molybdate solution from a cut flower stem or directing the flower to make the flower color blue, and absorbing a 5 mM molybdenum ion solution from the cut flower cut end. As a result, blue flowers were found to be blue, but there were very few flowers other than the yellow flowers that had a condition such as blue coloration, low phytotoxicity and short viewing period. They conclude that methods of absorbing compound solutions are often not available. In fact, nearly 20 years have passed since this phenomenon was published in a paper, but it has not been used as a general technique at all.

  In addition, the inventors of the present application have already developed a method for cultivating a plant containing an anthocyanin pigment that causes blue flowers to grow by cultivating using a molybdenum compound (Patent Document 3).

In Patent Document 2, molybdenum ions are absorbed from the roots and transferred to petals by fertilizing several times with 0.1 mM or more of a water-soluble molybdate aqueous solution from two weeks to one week before flowering until flowering. And a method for producing a blue color by combining with anthocyanin pigments in petals. In this method, the flower petals are bluened before the harvest of the flowers, so they can be sold immediately after receiving them at the flower shop, and the shelf life is comparable to that of ordinary cut flowers. It was.
Patent No. 3087246 JP-A-9-70290 JP 2004-194523 A Journal of Horticultural Society, 52, 174-179, 1983

  In the cultivation method using a molybdenum compound, it is necessary to administer molybdenum at a high concentration of 1 mM or more for sufficient blue coloration, and thus growth failure may occur in the roots. Moreover, since the cultivation method using the said molybdenum compound is a method mainly used for hydroponics, capital investment, such as a hydroponic cultivation apparatus, was required. Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the method of attaching a blue flower to the healthy plant which does not require a hydroponic cultivation apparatus etc. Furthermore, this invention makes it a subject to reduce the burden on a root and to provide the method of attaching a blue flower to a healthy plant.

  The inventors of the present application sprayed a heavy metal-containing compound such as a molybdenum compound-containing agent on the leaf surface in place of the root, so that a healthy plant can be obtained without damaging the root without the need for equipment such as hydroponic cultivation equipment. I found that blue flowers can bloom.

  It is possible to provide a healthy plant that does not damage the roots and has only the color changed to blue, thereby achieving an excellent effect of further enhancing the value of the ornamental plant.

1. [How to turn plant flowers containing anthocyanin pigments to blue]
The present invention includes a method in which molybdenum ions are effectively absorbed in the plant body and the color of the flower is made blue by spreading metal ions such as molybdenum ions on the surface of the plant containing the anthocyanin pigment. .

2. [Metal compounds used]
Examples of the metal used in the production method of the present invention include metal compounds such as a tungsten compound, a cobalt compound, a manganese compound, and a molybdenum compound, and a tungsten compound or a molybdenum compound can be preferably used. Although the metal compound can be used alone, the metal compound and auxiliary agent or additive usually used as a foliar treatment agent, for example, a metal compound comprising a spreading agent usually used when applying agricultural chemicals You may use it in combination with a foliar treatment agent.

  These metal compounds are dissolved or suspended in an appropriate solvent such as water or an organic solvent and used as a solution or suspension.

  Preferred examples of the tungsten compound include hexavalent tungsten, a tungstic acid salt, potassium tungstate, sodium tungstate, and magnesium tungstate.

  Examples of the molybdenum compound include molybdic acid salts. Preferable examples of the salts of molybdic acid include water-soluble molybdates such as ammonium molybdate, for example, alkali metal salts of molybdic acid such as sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, and lithium molybdate.

3. [Plants to be treated by the method of the present invention]
Examples of the plant containing an anthocyanin pigment that makes the flower more blue or blooms by the method of the present invention include, for example, Turkish Kyocera (Eustoma), tulip, chrysanthemum, aster, lily, alstroemeria, gladiolus, sweet pea. , Carnation, anemone, stock, snapdragon, ranunculus, color, freesia, ha button, orchid, nadesico, licorice, periwinkle, etc. Pigments such as delphinidin glycosides, specifically delphinidin 3-rutinoside (delphinidin 3-O- (6- (α-rhamnopyranosyl) -6-D-glucopyranoside), cyanidin Glycosides, specifically, cyanidin glycosides represented by the following formula (1)

3-O- (2-O-sinapyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl) -5-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl) cyanidin,
3-O- (6-Op-coumaryl-2-O- (2-O-synapyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl) -5-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl) cyanidin,
3-O- (6-O-ferulyl-2-O- (2-O-synapyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl) -5-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl) cyanidin,
3-O- (6-O-sinapyl-2-O- (2-O-synapyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -β-D-glucopyranosyl) -5-O- (β-D-glucopyranosyl) cyanidin
Petunidin glycoside, 6-Hydroxy-Cyanidin glycoside, 6-Hydroxy-Delphinidin glycoside, Puchellidin glycoside Plants containing saccharides are raised. Preferable examples of the anthocyanin dye include anthocyanin glycosides and anthocyanin acylglycosides except for anthocyanins (such as cyanidin monoglycoside) having only one sugar bonded at the 3-position. Further, a plant containing an anthocyanin pigment in which two or more sugars or organic acids are bonded to the 3rd position of the anthocyanidin A ring (note that the 5th position may have a sugar bonded) is also an object of the present invention. Is preferred.

  In addition, according to the present invention, whether or not the color of the flower can be more bluish is tested by a screening method of a plant capable of bluening the color of the flower, which will be described later, Bluening is possible by the method of the present invention. Furthermore, the screening method and the production method of the present invention can be applied not only to the above-mentioned florets but also to ornamental leaves containing anthocyanin pigments.

4). [Target plant: Screening method for anthocyanin pigments]
The screening method for determining whether or not a plant contains an anthocyanin pigment that is the subject of the present invention is usually performed as follows.

  The petal section of the target plant is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble molybdate solution of 0.1 mM or more, preferably about 0.5 to 10 mM, preferably an ammonium molybdate solution, and the petal section turns blue after standing for a certain period of time. It is visually observed whether or not. If it turns blue, it can be said that the production method of the present invention can be applied to the variety.

  As a method of bringing a petal slice into contact with a water-soluble molybdate aqueous solution, it is usually performed by placing the water-soluble molybdate aqueous solution in a flat container having a flat mouth such as a petri dish and floating or immersing the petal slice in this container. .

  Since the time required for the water-soluble molybdate aqueous solution to sufficiently penetrate into the petals varies depending on the thickness and hardness of the petals, the standing time is usually left for 1 day or more, preferably about 1-3 days.

  By this method, it has been confirmed that it is possible to blue for turkeys (Eustoma), tulips (variety: purple flag), lily, aster, chrysanthemum, alstroemeria, freesia, ha button, orchid, nadesico, licorice and periwinkle. It is.

5. [How to use metal compounds such as molybdenum compounds]
Hereinafter, although a molybdenum compound is explained in full detail, the other said metal compound can be used similarly. The present invention pays attention to a reddish purple pigment contained in plants, a metal ion that develops a blue color by binding to anthocyanin, preferably molybdenum ion, and a solution containing a molybdenum-containing compound before harvesting flower plants By applying or applying to the plant by an appropriate means, the florets containing anthocyanin pigments are bluened without damaging the roots of the plants, thereby contributing to the horticultural industry by creating new flower colors.

  Molybdenum ions are effective at a certain concentration or higher. If phytotoxicity does not occur, there is not much problem of giving too much, but too much is not preferable because the tissue of the plant is destroyed. In addition, when 5 mM and 10 mM molybdenum ions are absorbed into the petals, there is little difference in hue angle between the two treatment sections, and it seems that the bluening effect almost reaches its peak at 10 mM or more. Then, the usage-amount of the molybdenum compound used by this invention can be 0.1-20 mM normally as molybdenum concentration, Preferably it can be set as the range of 0.5-5 mM. Molybdenum compounds are relatively inexpensive, and the application method can be easily prepared and used because, for example, it is only necessary to spray this in the prescribed aqueous solution.

  The application (spreading) time of the molybdenum compound is preferably within 2 weeks before the expected flowering, and more preferably 2 to 1 week before the expected flowering.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, in addition to the molybdenum compound, a spreading agent usually used for agrochemical spraying can also be used. Any spreading agent can be used as long as it is used for spraying on flower buds that are difficult to wet.

  Specifically, in flower cultivation, a solution prepared by adding a molybdenum compound such as ammonium molybdate as a molybdenum concentration to water at a concentration as described above, for example, about 5 mM, for 2 to 1 week before flowering. It is sprayed on the target plant, preferably on the leaf surface. As the number of spraying, it can be sprayed 1 to 10 times. The spraying frequency can be sprayed at an appropriate number of days interval, for example, once every seven days, preferably once every three days. The spraying may be performed on the entire target plant, but it is preferable to spray on the leaf surface.

  Molybdenum can be accumulated in the petals without causing phytotoxicity by absorbing molybdenum ions only during the minimum period necessary for bluening in the latter part of the cultivation period. The addition time is from 2 weeks to 1 week before flowering as described above. During this time, molybdenum ions are absorbed from the leaves, move to the petals, and combine with the anthocyanin pigment in the petals to develop a blue color. Since the petals have been bluened before the flowers are harvested, they can already be sold at the florist after they are received, and the shelves are not inferior to ordinary cut flowers.

  The molybdenum treatment method of the present invention is performed on the leaves of horticultural crops that have grown healthy until just before flowering, and is less harmful to the growth of plants.

  The solution in which the molybdenum compound used in the present invention is dissolved is colorless, and when it is absorbed by a plant, the portion without the anthocyanin pigment is not colored. Since molybdenum reacts only with the portion where the anthocyanin pigment is present, only the portion where the anthocyanin pigment such as the petal is present turns blue. Furthermore, since the blue coloration depends on the density of the anthocyanin dye, the dark part of the anthocyanin dye is dark and the light part becomes light blue, giving a natural color. This is greatly superior in appreciation quality compared to flowers artificially colored with a dye solution.

  In order to prevent the aqueous solution of a metal compound such as a molybdenum compound or a tungsten compound from falling onto the ground after applying the foliage, the aqueous solution of the metal compound is prevented from being absorbed by the ground, such as covering the ground with a water-impermeable sheet. it can.

6). [Confirmation of blue color]
In the method of the present invention or the screening method for determining whether or not the anthocyanin pigment is contained, whether or not the flower is blue or blue can be confirmed by visual observation, but using a commonly used color system, the hue It can also be by measuring brightness, saturation.

  One ml of anemone (variety: Porto Blue) 15 days before flowering was sprayed with 1 mL of ammonium molybdate using a sprayer, and then 1 mL was sprayed 5 times every 3 days (hereinafter referred to as Mo treatment). After flowering, petals were collected, and the central part of the petals were measured for lightness, saturation, and hue angle using a spectrocolorimeter (MINOLTA CM-2000), and compared with untreated ones.

  The results are as shown in Table 1 below. The lightness shows the brightness of the flower, and it became a very light color by applying Mo treatment. Saturation shows the vividness of the color, but there was almost no change between no treatment and Mo treatment. This indicates that the vividness did not decrease and no obstacles or the like were generated by the Mo treatment. The hue angle represents red at 0 degrees and blue at -90 degrees, and the hue angle is shifted in the negative direction, so that the color changes from red to purple and blue. The hue angle was shifted to the blue direction by about 6 degrees after 5 Mo treatments, and the bluishness of the petals increased with the Mo treatment.

  In addition, Table 2 shows the amount of Mo for each structure obtained by spraying an ammonium molybdate solution. Regarding the measurement of Mo amount, the dried plant tissue was wet ashed and measured with an ICP emission spectrometer. It was found that molybdenum was absorbed from the leaves by foliar application and transferred to petals.

  The present invention can be used in the field of flower cultivation. In addition, according to the present invention, the molybdenum compound treatment can be easily performed, so that flower bud blueization is facilitated, and the flower bud blue treatment can be performed by the morbidden compound treatment in a wider range of situations.

Claims (7)

Mo a solution or suspension containing 0.1~20mM as molybdenum concentration Ribuden compound wherein the spraying on the leaves, the plants containing the anthocyanin-based pigments bloom blue flower methods. Mo Ribuden compound characterized by spraying solutions or suspensions 0.1~20mM contained as molybdenum concentration foliar method of changing the plant flowers containing anthocyanin pigments more blue. Plants containing anthocyanin pigments from Turkey, Tulip, Chrysanthemum, Aster, Lily, Alstroemeria, Gladiolus, Sweetpy, Carnation, Anemone, Stock, Snapdragon, Ranunculus, Color, Freesia, Habutton, Orchid, Periwinkle, Nadesico or Liquorice The method according to claim 1 or 2, which is selected. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the molybdenum compound is selected from ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, or lithium molybdate. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the molybdenum compound is sprayed 1 to 10 times every 3 days. A floret discolorant for foliar application, which comprises converting an anthocyanin pigment-containing flower into a blue color , comprising a molybdenum compound having a molybdenum concentration of 0.1 to 20 mM . Furthermore, spreading agent foliar spraying flowers discoloring agent according to claim 6 containing.