JP4961913B2 - Sphere Bit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a spherical bit that is provided in a cutter body of a shield machine and that allows the cutter bit to be exchanged.

  As a spherical bit, the one described in Patent Document 1 is known. The spherical bit includes a spherical seat having a hole that is exposed to the ground and is provided on the cutter frame of the shield machine, and a spherical body that is rotatably provided on the spherical seat and has a recess. A cutter bit provided so as to be able to move in and out in the recess is configured so that the cutter bit in a state of protruding to the natural ground side is immersed in the recess, and then the opening of the recess is cut by turning the sphere 180 °. It is located within the frame so that the cutter bits can be exchanged.

  According to this, the spherical bit can be made simple and compact.

  Patent Document 2 describes a spherical bit in which a sphere is rotated by a predetermined angle to incline the cutter bit, and the cutter bit is pulled out into the cutter frame and exchanged.

Utility Model Registration No. 2550406 Japanese Patent No. 3164793 Japanese Patent No. 2557169 Japanese Utility Model Publication 2-37913

  However, the spherical bit described in Patent Document 1 has a problem that the sphere is inverted and the cutter bit is pulled out directly behind in a narrow cutter frame. However, there was a problem that a space for extracting the cutter bit had to be secured.

  In addition, since the spherical bit described in Patent Document 2 extends the rear part of the cutter bit from the spherical body, and attaches the rear part to the cutter frame to fix the cutter bit, the spherical bit is similar to Patent Document 1. There is a problem that a space for fixing the cutter bit is required immediately behind the lens, and that it is not as compact as the spherical bit described in Patent Document 1.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a spherical bit that can solve the above-mentioned problems and can easily replace a cutter bit and can be installed on a narrow cutter body.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a spherical seat having a hole that is exposed on the ground side of the cutter main body of the shield machine and penetrates the ground side, and is rotatably provided on the spherical seat. In a spherical bit comprising a spherical body and a cutter bit that is provided so as to be movable in and out of the spherical body and that can be replaced, a through-hole penetrating in the diameter direction is formed in the spherical body, and the through-hole is formed in the through-hole. The cutter bit can be protruded to the ground and slidable so that it can be pulled out from the opening on the opposite side of the ground, and driving means for sliding the cutter bit by taking a reaction force from the sphere is provided. The spherical surface seat is formed with a lid surface portion that closes the natural mountain side opening of the through hole when the sphere is rotated by a predetermined angle , and the through hole is formed in a non-circular shape larger than the hole of the spherical surface seat. In addition, the ground opening on the ground The cutter bit has a small hole portion formed in a circle having the same diameter as the hole of the seat, and the cutter bit is prevented from rotating around the axis of the through hole by being in fluid-tight sliding contact with the through hole. A piston portion, a small-diameter portion that extends from the piston portion to the natural ground side and has a smaller diameter than the small hole portion, and is inserted into and extracted from the small hole portion, and a plate-like shape that extends from the small-diameter portion to the natural ground side And a bit body portion . Further, when the cutter bit in the sphere is protruded to the natural mountain side, a lid member is provided that covers the bit body part so as to fill a gap between the hole of the spherical seat or the small hole part and the bit body part. Good.

  The drive means may include a center hole jack provided facing the opening on the opposite side of the through hole from the ground-side opening.

  The spherical body is provided with a first angle stopper that stops the rotation of the spherical body when the hole of the spherical seat and the through hole communicate with each other, and the natural mountain side opening of the through hole is blocked by the lid surface portion. A second angle stopper may be provided that stops the rotation of the sphere.

  According to the present invention, the cutter bit can be easily replaced and can be installed in a narrow cutter body.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a plurality of spherical bits 1 are arranged in a line on the cutter body 3 of the shield machine 2, specifically, the cutter pork 4. As shown in FIG. 1, the spherical bit 1 is exposed to the ground body 5 side of the cutter body 3 and has a spherical seat 7 having a hole 6 passing through the ground mountain 5 side. A spherical body 9 having a through-hole 8 that is movably provided and penetrates in the diameter direction, and a cutter bit 10 that is provided in the through-hole 8 of the spherical body 9 so as to be able to move in and out and can be exchanged are configured.

  The spherical seat 7 is formed in a substantially bowl shape and is tilted so that the spherical receiving area on the rotation tip side is larger than the rotation center side of the cutter spoke 4. As a result, on the spherical seat 7, a lid surface portion 11 that closes the natural ground 5 side opening of the through-hole 8 when the sphere 9 is rotated by a predetermined angle is formed on the rotation tip side of the cutter spoke 4. ing. The receiving surface of the spherical seat 7 is provided with a first seal 12 surrounding the hole 6 and a second seal 13 along the outer edge, and the first seal 12 and the second seal 13 The lid surface portion 11 formed therebetween is liquid-tightly sealed. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, bearing portions 15 for pivotally supporting the sphere 9 via the rotation shaft 14 are provided on both sides of the spherical seat 7 positioned on the rotation direction side of the cutter spoke 4. Is formed. The rotation shaft 14 is attached to both sides of the sphere 9 so as to rotate integrally with the sphere 9 and is rotatably supported by the bearing portion 15. Further, each of the rotation shafts 14 is formed to extend further laterally from the bearing portion 15, and an angle adjustment for adjusting the rotation angle of the rotation shaft 14 is provided at the extended end of the rotation shaft 14. A mechanism 16 is provided. The angle adjusting mechanism 16 is provided on the rotating shaft 14 so as to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 14, and extends in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 14. It consists of a jack member 18 whose tip is in contact with the inner surface of the ground spoke 5 side of the cutter spoke 4. The lever members 17 are provided so as to extend in opposite directions from the rotation shaft 14, and the rotation positions are fixed by bringing the jack members 18 into contact with the cutter spokes 4. Specifically, the jack member 18 includes a bolt that is screwed into the lever member 17.

  As shown in FIG. 1, most of the through-hole 8 of the sphere 9 is formed in an oval shape larger than the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7, and the cutter bit 10 is brought into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cutter bit 10. Is prevented from rotating around the axis of the through-hole 8. Further, the through hole 8 is a small hole formed by forming an opening on the ground mountain 5 side in a circular shape having the same diameter as the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7 in front of the oval through hole main body 38 occupying most of the through hole 8. It has a portion 19 and restricts the projection of the cutter bit 10 toward the natural mountain 5 side, reduces the area of the opening to be closed by the lid surface portion 11, and contributes to the downsizing of the spherical seat 7. . Between the through-hole main body 38 and the small hole portion 19, a contact surface portion 39 that is formed in a planar shape along the radial direction and contacts a piston portion 31 of a cutter bit 10 described later, A chamfered portion C formed by chamfering a corner formed at the inner peripheral end is formed.

  In addition, the spherical body 9 is provided with a first angle stopper 20 that comes into contact with the spherical surface seat 7 to stop the rotation of the spherical body 9 when the hole 6 and the through hole 8 of the spherical surface seat 7 communicate with each other. A second angle stopper 21 is provided to stop the rotation of the sphere 9 by abutting against the spherical seat 7 when the opening 8 on the ground mountain 5 side of the hole 8 is closed by the lid surface portion 11.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the sphere 9 is provided with a bit fixing mechanism 22 for fixing the position of the cutter bit 10 when the cutter bit 10 protrudes toward the ground 5. The bit fixing mechanism 22 includes a frame member 23 provided on the end of the sphere 9 opposite to the ground 5 side and overlaid on the extension line of the through hole 8, and is screwed to the frame member 23 so as to extend to the ground 5 side. It comprises a plurality of thrust fixing bolts 24 that are in contact with the back surface of the cutter bit 10. The frame member 23 is formed in a disk shape that closes the through hole 8, and is detachably provided on the sphere 9 with a bolt 25. The frame member 23 is provided with a removal tap 26 for allowing the air in the sphere 9 to flow in and out in accordance with the movement of the cutter bit 10. The thrust fixing bolt 24 receives and supports the cutter bit 10 against the pressure from the natural ground 5, and in particular, a plurality of points apart from the center of the cutter bit 10 are dispersed and pressed. . As a result, even when a force is applied locally to the cutter bit 10, the cutter bit 10 can be firmly fixed. The thrust fixing bolt 24 is formed in the shape of a small-diameter rod without a screw on the tip side that is in contact with the cutter bit 10, and the amount of rotation when being attached to and detached from the frame member 23 is minimized, and the frame member The work in a state of protruding more than necessary from 23 is prevented.

  The spherical body 9 is provided with driving means 27 for sliding the cutter bit 10 by taking a reaction force from the spherical body 9. The driving means 27 includes a frame member 23 that is also used as the bit fixing mechanism 22, that is, a frame member 23 provided on the sphere 9 facing the opening on the opposite side of the through hole 8 from the ground mountain 5 side, and the frame member 23. And a center hole jack 28 that moves the cutter bit 10 along the through-hole 8. The center hole jack 28 includes a cylinder portion 29 formed in a cylindrical shape, and a rod portion 30 that is inserted into the cylinder portion 29 and is detachably attached to the cutter bit 10 at one end. The rod portion 30 is driven in the axial direction by being supplied with hydraulic pressure, and is almost immersed in the sphere 9 and the cylinder portion 29 when the cutter bit 10 is projected from the cutter spoke 4. It is formed so that it will be in the state.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, the cutter bit 10 has a piston portion 31 that is in fluid-tight sliding contact with the through-hole 8, and extends from the piston portion 31 toward the ground 5 and has a smaller diameter than the small hole portion 19. And a bit main body 33 provided extending from the small-diameter portion 32 to the natural ground 5 side so as to protrude from the through-hole 8 to the natural mountain 5 side, and It is slidably provided so as to be pulled out from the opening opposite to the natural mountain 5 side. The piston portion 31 is formed in the same oval shape as the cross-sectional shape of the through hole 8, and a third seal 34 is provided on the entire outer periphery. The small diameter portion 32 is inserted into and removed from the small hole portion 19 by the movement of the cutter bit 10, and when the cutter bit 10 is moved backward from the ground 5 side, a range where there is a possibility that the earth and sand may be bitten is received. Only in the hole 6 and the small hole portion 19 of the seat 7, the load at the time of biting the earth and sand is reduced, and the biting is eliminated when passing through the hole 6 and the small hole portion 19 of the spherical seat 7. ing. The bit main body 33 includes a shank 35 formed integrally with the small diameter portion 32 and a carbide tip 36 provided at the tip of the shank 35, and is formed in a substantially plate shape.

  As shown in FIG. 8, when the spherical bit 1 projects the cutter bit 10 from the inside of the spherical body 9 toward the ground mountain 5 side, the hole 6 or the small hole portion 19 of the spherical seat 7 and the bit main body portion 33 A lid member 37 is provided to cover the bit body 33 so as to fill the gap. The lid member 37 is temporarily attached to the cutter bit 10 in order to prevent earth and sand from flowing into the sphere 9 when the cutter bit 10 is projected from the sphere 9 toward the ground 5, and is substantially the same as the small diameter portion 32. It is formed in a cap shape with the same diameter. As a result, the lid member 37 can close the gap in a liquid-tight manner, and can be easily broken during the excavation of the sand to expose the bit main body 33.

  Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

  When exchanging the worn cutter bit 10 by excavating the earth and sand, as shown in FIG. 10, after stopping the driving of the cutter body 3, an operator enters the cutter pork 4, and each of the cutter pork 4 is provided. Replace the cutter bit 10 of the spherical bit 1.

  When the worn cutter bit 10 is removed from the spherical bit 1, the thrust fixing of the bit fixing mechanism 22 is performed while the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the center hole jack 28 shown in FIG. 1 and the force from the natural ground 5 is received by the center hole jack 28. Loosen bolt 24 and remove. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 5, the rod portion 30 of the center hole jack 28 is driven to be pulled out from the sphere 9, and the cutter bit 10 is immersed in the sphere 9. At this time, earth and sand will flow into the sphere 9 through the gap between the small diameter portion 32 and the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7 and the gap between the small diameter portion 32 and the small hole portion 19, but the piston portion 31 and the through hole 8. The gap between the piston portion 31 and the through hole 8 formed in front of the third seal 34 is very small, and there is a possibility that earth and sand may be caught. The range is limited to a narrow range. For this reason, the cutter bit 10 can be reliably pulled into the sphere 9 by the force of the center hole jack 28.

  When the cutter bit 10 is pulled into the sphere 9 in this way, the sphere 9 is rotated so that the center hole jack 28 is inclined toward the rotation center side of the cutter body 3 as shown in FIG. When the second angle stopper 21 comes into contact with the spherical seat 7, the rotation of the sphere 9 stops, and the opening on the ground mountain 5 side of the through hole 8 is overlapped with the lid surface portion 11 of the spherical seat 7 to be liquid-tightly closed. .

  Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 7, the frame member 23 is removed from the sphere 9 and the cutter bit 10 is removed from the rod portion 30 of the center hole jack 28. At this time, since the center hole jack 28 and the cutter bit 10 are inclined toward the rotation center side of the cutter main body 3, the cutter bit 10 can be easily pulled out from the sphere 9 even in the narrow cutter spoke 4. Further, since the through-hole 8 is liquid-tightly closed by the lid surface portion 11 of the spherical seat 7, the earth and sand do not newly flow into the sphere 9, and the operation can be performed very easily.

  When the worn cutter bit 10 is removed in this way, a new cutter bit 10 is attached to the rod portion 30 of the center hole jack 28, and a lid member 37 is attached to the cutter bit 10, and the inside of the through hole 8 of the sphere 9. The cutter bit 10 is inserted, and the frame member 23 is attached to the sphere 9. As a result, the small hole portion 19 of the sphere 9 is liquid-tightly closed by the lid member 37. In addition, when inserting the cutter bit 10 into the sphere 9, the earth and sand adhering to the inner surface of the sphere 9 is removed in advance so that the earth and sand are not caught between the sphere 9 and the cutter bit 10. . Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 8, the sphere 9 is rotated until the first angle stopper 20 comes into contact with the spherical seat 7, and the cutter bit 10 is protruded to the ground 5 side. At this time, since the small hole portion 19 is liquid-tightly closed by the lid member 37, earth and sand do not flow into the sphere 9, and in the unlikely event that some earth and sand are mixed, the chamfered portion C Care is taken not to let the earth and sand escape and prevent the adhesion between the front surface of the piston portion 31 and the sphere 9. As shown in FIG. 5, the chamfered portion C is formed at a part (inner peripheral side) between the through-hole main body portion 38 and the small hole portion 19, but FIGS. ), The chamfered portion C <b> 1 may be formed entirely between the through hole main body portion 40 and the small hole portion 41. In this case, a tapered surface 43 that overlaps the chamfered portion C1 when the cutter bit 42 is projected to the natural ground side is formed in the piston portion 44, and a concave step portion 46 for escaping earth and sand that has entered the through hole 45 is provided in the piston. It is good to form in the position which faces the taper surface 43 of the part 44. FIG. It is possible to satisfactorily prevent the earth and sand from being caught between the sphere 47 and the piston portion 44.

  When the cutter bit 10 is completely projected to the natural ground 5 side, the cutter bit 10 is fixed by the thrust fixing bolt 24 of the bit fixing mechanism 22 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the rod part 30 of the center hole jack 28 is again immersed in the spherical body 9, and the working space in the cutter pork 4 becomes wide. Further, after the cutter bit 10 is fixed by the bit fixing mechanism 22, the force of the center hole jack 28 is not necessary, and the supply of hydraulic pressure to the center hole jack 28 can be stopped.

  In this way, the through-hole 8 penetrating in the diametrical direction is formed in the sphere 9 so that the cutter bit 10 can protrude to the natural ground 5 side from the through-hole 8 and from the opening opposite to the natural ground 5 side. The sphere 9 is provided so as to be slidable, the sphere 9 is provided with driving means 27 for taking the reaction force from the sphere 9 and sliding the cutter bit 10, and the spherical seat 7 has a through hole when the sphere 9 is rotated by a predetermined angle. Since the spherical surface bit 1 is formed by forming the cover surface portion 11 that closes the opening 8 on the natural ground 5, when the cutter bit 10 is removed from the spherical body 9, the worker is positioned on the rotation center side of the cutter body 3. The cutter bit 10 can be easily removed by a natural operation of retracting the arm so that the hand is drawn close, and when the cutter bit 10 is attached to the sphere 9, the arm is reversed. Overhead Can be attached to cutter bit 10 in a natural action of stretching Te can facilitate replacement of the cutter bit 10. Further, since the cutter bit 10 is to be inserted into and removed from the sphere 9 at an angle, it is sufficient if there is enough space behind the sphere-type bit 1 so that an operator can move. In the sphere-type bits described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, It can also be installed in the narrow Kataspork 4 that cannot be installed.

  Since the drive means 27 includes the center hole jack 28 provided facing the opening on the opposite side of the through hole 8 from the ground 5 side opening, the cylinder portion 29 is more than the telescopic hydraulic jack (not shown). Can be formed short. Further, the center hole jack 28 can immerse the rod portion 30 into the sphere 9 and the cylinder portion 29 when the cutter bit 10 is in a normal state protruding to the ground 5 side. The space behind bit 1 can be used without waste. Further, when the cutter bit 10 is projected and retracted from the sphere 9, the handle type described in Patent Document 1 has a narrow work space, so that it is difficult to apply force and the work is difficult, but the center hole jack 28 is used. Can make work easier.

  The spherical body 9 is provided with a first angle stopper 20 that stops the rotation of the spherical body 9 when the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7 and the through hole 8 are communicated with each other, and the opening on the ground mountain 5 side of the through hole 8 is a lid. Since the second angle stopper 21 that stops the rotation of the sphere 9 when it is blocked by the surface portion 11 is provided, the angle adjustment of the sphere 9 when the cutter bit 10 is extracted from the sphere 9 can be extremely easily performed. The angle adjustment of the sphere 9 when the cutter bit 10 is projected from the sphere 9 toward the ground 5 can be very easily performed, and the working efficiency can be increased.

  The through hole 8 is formed in an oval shape larger than the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7 and has a small hole portion 19 formed by forming the opening on the ground mountain 5 side in a circle having the same diameter as the hole 6 of the spherical seat 7. The cutter bit 10 has a piston portion 31 that is liquid-tightly slidably contacted with the through-hole 8, and extends from the piston portion 31 to the natural mountain 5 side and has a smaller diameter than the small hole portion 19. 19 is provided with a small-diameter portion 32 to be inserted into and extracted from and a plate-shaped bit body portion 33 provided to extend from the small-diameter portion 32 to the natural ground 5 side, so that the cutter bit 10 is projected to the natural ground 5 side. When supporting, the cutter bit 10 can be stably supported. When the cutter bit 10 is immersed in the sphere 9, the contact area between the sphere 9 and the cutter bit 10 is reduced to reduce the contact between the sphere 9 and the cutter bit 10. A large amount of earth and sand can be prevented from being bitten by the cutter. The recovery work of Tsu door 10 can be easily and stably. Further, since the spherical surface of the spherical body 9 is hardly exposed to the ground mountain 5 side in a state where the cutter bit 10 is projected to the natural ground 5 side, the spherical surface of the spherical body 9 is worn like the spherical bit described in Patent Document 2. In other words, the sealing performance between the spherical body 9 and the spherical seat 7 can be prevented from being lowered.

  When the cutter bit 10 in the sphere 9 is projected to the natural mountain 5 side, a lid member that covers the bit body 33 so as to fill the gap between the hole 6 or small hole 19 of the spherical seat 7 and the bit body 33 37, the cutter bit 10 can be prevented from flowing into the sphere 9 when the cutter bit 10 is projected from the sphere 9 toward the ground 5, so that the earth 9 can be prevented from being clogged. Can be reliably projected to the natural ground side.

  Although the spherical bit 1 is provided in the cutter pork 4, it is not limited to this. It may be provided at any position on the cutter body 3. However, when it is provided at a position other than the cutter pork 4, it is preferable to form a separate work space (not shown) on the back side of the cutter body 3 and perform bit exchange work in this work space.

  Moreover, although the through-hole 8 shall be formed in an oval shape, it is not restricted to this. Any shape that can prevent the cutter bit 10 from rotating may be used.

  The first angle stopper 20 and the second angle stopper 21 are in contact with the spherical seat 7 to stop the rotation of the sphere 9. However, the first angle stopper 20 and the second angle stopper 21 are in contact with other fixed systems such as the katspoke 4. It is good also as what stops rotation of.

1 is a side cross-sectional view of a spherical bit showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It is a rear view of FIG. It is a front view of FIG. It is a side view of a spherical type bit. It is a sectional side view of a spherical bit with a cutter bit immersed in the spherical body. It is a sectional side view of a spherical type bit in which a spherical body and a cutter bit are tilted. It is a sectional side view of a sphere type bit in the state where a cutter bit is removed from a sphere. It is a sectional side view of a spherical type bit when projecting a cutter bit from a spherical body. It is a sectional side view of the spherical type bit which shows other embodiment, (a) shows the state where the cutter bit was immersed in the spherical body, (b) shows the state where the cutter bit protruded from the spherical body. It is a sectional side view of a shield machine equipped with a spherical bit. It is a schematic front view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sphere-type bit 2 Shield machine 3 Cutter body 5 Ground 6 Hole 7 Spherical seat 8 Through hole 9 Sphere 10 Cutter bit 11 Cover surface portion 19 Small hole portion 20 First angle stopper 21 Second angle stopper 27 Driving means 28 Center Hole jack 31 Piston part 32 Small diameter part 33 Bit body part 37 Cover member

Claims (4)

A spherical seat that is exposed on the ground side of the cutter body of the shield machine and has a hole that penetrates the ground side, a sphere that is pivotally provided on the spherical seat, and a sphere that can freely move in and out of the sphere. In a spherical bit provided with a cutter bit that is provided and replaceable, a through-hole penetrating in the diametrical direction is formed in the sphere, and the cutter bit can protrude into the natural ground side in the through-hole, and The sphere is provided so as to be slidable so as to be pulled out from the opening opposite to the natural ground side, the sphere is provided with driving means for sliding the cutter bit by taking a reaction force from the sphere, and the sphere is mounted on the spherical seat. A lid surface portion that closes the natural mountain side opening of the through hole is formed when the angle is rotated. It is formed in a circle with the same diameter as The cutter bit has a small hole portion, and the cutter bit is in fluid-tight sliding contact with the through hole and is prevented from rotating around the axis of the through hole, and extends from the piston portion to the natural ground side. And a small-diameter portion that is formed to have a smaller diameter than the small-hole portion, and is inserted into and extracted from the small-hole portion, and a plate-like bit body portion that extends from the small-diameter portion toward the ground and is provided with a spherical shape. bit. When projecting the cutter bit within the sphere on the ground mountain side, claim comprising a hole or the small hole portion of the spherical seat, a lid member for covering the bit body portion so as to fill the gap between the bit body portion The spherical bit according to 1 . The spherical bit according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the driving means includes a center hole jack provided facing an opening on the opposite side of the through hole from the ground-side opening. The spherical body is provided with a first angle stopper that stops the rotation of the spherical body when the hole of the spherical seat and the through hole communicate with each other, and the natural mountain side opening of the through hole is blocked by the lid surface portion. The spherical bit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a second angle stopper is provided to stop the rotation of the sphere when the sphere is turned.

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