JP4947251B2 - Wheel tread increase adhesion device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel tread increasing adhesive device.

As conventional wheel tread increasing adhesion methods, a method of pressing a friction material called a wheel tread polishing element or a wheel tread cleaning element on the wheel tread, or a method of obtaining roughness on the wheel tread by injecting ceramic particles onto the wheel tread is used. It has been.
In addition, the inventors of the present application have arranged a magnet block that is arranged in an array of magnet groups facing the wheel tread of a railway vehicle and rotated the direction of the magnetic pole by 90 ° for each adjacent magnet. The railway wheel tread increasing adhesion method for increasing the pressure of the wheel tread by increasing the temperature of the wheel by the iron loss of the wheel caused by electromagnetic induction from the magnet block, lowering the fluid viscosity interposed between the wheel and the rail by the temperature increase And an apparatus thereof have been proposed (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 below).
JP 2004-338648 A J-RAIL 2004 11th Railway Technology Union Symposium, Proceedings, December 2004, Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Transport and Electric Railway Technical Committee, pp. 61

However, in the conventional wheel tread increasing adhesion method described above, friction due to friction material is generated on the wheel tread, and the acceleration performance is deteriorated due to continuous use during powering. There were problems such as being unable to do so.
Further, when a magnet block is arranged, there is a problem that the workability and the demagnetizing method thereof are complicated by being attracted at all times, and the performance is lowered at a low speed of 100 km / h or less.

  In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a wheel tread increasing adhesive device that ensures performance at low speed and reduces maintenance work, and that has a simple configuration and can obtain high adhesive force on the wheel tread. With the goal.

In the wheel tread increasing adhesive device of the present invention, the one end portion is fixed to the front end side of the axle, and the front end portion is bent toward the inner side of the axle so as to face the center portion of the rail. the electromagnetic device is disposed at the distal end portion, by the electromagnetic device when the vehicle is running, and car wheel, and the wheel tread, the contact point between the wheel tread and the rail, to produce a closed magnetic circuit comprising said rails, thereby The temperature of the wheel tread surface is increased due to the iron loss of the wheel, and the temperature increase reduces the fluid viscosity interposed at the contact point between the rail and the wheel tread, thereby increasing the adhesion of the wheel tread. It is characterized by that.

  [2] The wheel tread increasing adhesive device according to [1], wherein the wheel tread surface is heated to between 50 ° C. and 374 ° C. to increase the adhesion of the wheel tread.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.
(A) The maintenance work can be reduced, and the adhesive force of the wheel tread can be obtained with a simple configuration.
(B) By controlling the heating of the wheel tread according to the traveling state of the vehicle, it is possible to effectively improve the adhesive force of the wheel tread.

The wheel tread increasing adhesive device of the present invention includes a support arm having one end portion fixed to the front end side of the axle and a front end portion bent toward the inner side of the axle so as to face the center portion of the rail. the electromagnetic device is disposed at the distal end portion, by the electromagnetic device when the vehicle is running, and car wheel, and the wheel tread, the contact point between the wheel tread and the rail, to form a closed magnetic circuit comprising said rails, thereby The temperature of the wheel tread surface is increased due to the iron loss of the wheel, and the temperature increase reduces the fluid viscosity interposed at the contact point between the rail and the wheel tread, thereby increasing the adhesion of the wheel tread. .

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the wheel tread increasing adhesive device.
In these figures, 1 is a rail, 2 is an axle, 3 is a wheel, 4 is a wheel tread, 5 is an axle box, 6 is a shaft spring, 7 is a carriage frame, 8 is a support arm, and 9 is the tip of the support arm 8. The electromagnet device 10 is fixed to the railcar and faces the wheel tread 4 of the railway vehicle, and is disposed in the vicinity of the rail 1. The control device 10 is connected to the electromagnet device 9. The power source 11 is connected to the control device 10. It is.

  Here, a magnetic field is generated by exciting a single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 9 facing the wheel tread 4 and in the vicinity of the rail 1 via the control device 10, and this magnetic field is A closed magnetic path is formed from one magnetic pole of the electromagnet device 9 to the other magnetic pole of the wheel 3 -wheel tread 4-rail 1 -single pole or two pole electromagnet device 9. Since the magnetic resistance of the magnetic path is low, a strong magnetic flux can be obtained even in the event of a power failure or abnormality even with a small capacity power source such as a storage battery.

  Therefore, the electromagnetic induction heating action between the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 9 and the wheel tread 4 causes an induced current to be concentrated on the wheel tread 4 and heat due to iron loss. The wheel tread 4 is heated by this heat. When the wheel tread 4 is heated, the fluid viscosity of rain water or the like interposed between the wheel 3 and the rail 1 is lowered, so that drainage in the rolling contact surface is promoted and the adhesive strength of the wheel tread 4 is increased.

Thus, when the wheel tread 4 is heated, the adhesive force between the rail 1 and the wheel tread 4 in the wheel 3 can be increased.
Further, in the magnetic path by the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 9, the magnetic flux is concentrated at the contact portion A between the rail 1 and the wheel tread 4 to form a magnetic path, which is heated by electromagnetic induction at a high frequency. Therefore, if the heat energy generated at the contact point A between the rail 1 and the wheel tread 4 increases, the wheel tread 4 is further heated, so that the adhesive force of the wheel tread 4 can be increased more efficiently.

Since the wheel tread surface increasing adhesion effect according to the present invention is due to electromagnetic induction heating action, the wheel tread surface 4 is effectively heated to reduce the loss of the wheel tread surface.
Further, the control device 10 controls the adhesive force of the wheel tread 4 by such electromagnetic induction. That is, by adjusting the energization current with the control device 10, the degree of heating of the wheel tread 4 can be changed, and the adhesive force of the wheel tread 4 can be adjusted.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
In this embodiment, in the case of a Shinkansen train or the like, a frequency of several kHz is applied to the single pole or two pole electromagnet apparatus 9 shown in the first embodiment, and the frequency controller 21 connected to the power source 11 is used. Therefore, a high frequency of several kHz or more can be applied even when the vehicle is at a low speed.
In this way, by controlling the frequency applied to the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 9, it is possible to control the heating of the wheel tread by electromagnetic induction in accordance with the situation of the vehicle.

Therefore, the adhesive force between the rail 1 and the wheel tread 4 in the wheel 2 can be increased by heating the wheel tread 4 as in the first embodiment.
Such a wheel tread surface increasing adhesive effect is due to the skin effect of high-frequency electromagnetic induction action, so that only the surface of the wheel tread surface is effectively heated to reduce loss and enable continuous use for a long time.

4 is a schematic view of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device showing a reference example of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
In these figures, 31 is a rail, 32 is a wheel, 33 is a wheel tread, 34 is a monopolar or bipolar electromagnet device, 35 is a power source, and 36 is a controller for controlling the power and frequency from the power source 35. The controller 36 can also detect and control the brake cylinder pressure and the presence or absence of increased adhesion injection.

  In this embodiment, an electronic control device 41, an idling / sliding sensor 42, a notch information sensor 43, a vehicle speedometer 44, a temperature sensor 45 for measuring a wheel tread surface or its surrounding temperature, a gap changing mechanism 46, and the like are provided. Various types of vehicle information are detected by sensors 42 to 45 (or brake cylinder pressure, presence / absence of increased adhesion injection), etc., and are generated on the wheel tread 33 by a single pole or two pole electromagnet device 34 based on such information. By adjusting the amount of heat caused by the iron loss, the degree of wheel tread increasing adhesion can be controlled.

  For example, when the idling / sliding sensor 42 detects that the wheel 32 is idling / sliding, it is taken into the electronic control device 41 and the controller 36 uses the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 34. By adjusting the energizing current and frequency to the wheel, the iron loss of the wheel tread 33 is increased, and the wheel tread 33 is further heated, so that the adhesive force of the wheel tread 33 can be increased.

In addition, the frequency applied to the single pole or two pole electromagnet device 34 is a high frequency of several kHz in the case of the Shinkansen train, but by adjusting the frequency according to the state of the vehicle as in the second embodiment. The adhesive force of the wheel tread 33 may be controlled.
Further, when the electronic control unit 41 receives the information about the idling / sliding from the idling / sliding sensor 42, the gap changing mechanism 46 is driven to set the distance between the single pole or two pole electromagnet device 34 and the wheel tread 33. By approaching, the iron loss of the wheel tread 33 can be increased, and the wheel tread 33 can be further heated to increase the adhesive force of the wheel tread 33.

  The gap changing mechanism 46 can be configured as shown in FIG. 5, for example. That is, a switching lever (not shown) is connected to the drive shaft 47 integrated with the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 34. The drive shaft 47 is supported by a support 48 fixed to a vehicle body (not shown), and the wheel tread 33 and a monopolar or bipolar electromagnet are moved by moving the drive shaft 47 in the direction of the arrow by the operation of a switching lever. The gap G between the devices 34 can be changed.

  Further, when it is detected by the notch information sensor 43 that the power running notch and the brake notch are in the state, the controller 36 controls the amount of power supplied to the single pole or two pole electromagnet device 34 in the same manner as described above. Or by controlling the frequency applied to the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 34, or increasing the iron loss, or driving the gap changing mechanism 46 to make the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device 34 By making it closer to the wheel tread 33, it is possible to increase the adhesive force of the wheel tread.

Further, when the vehicle speed meter 44 detects that the vehicle speed is high, the brake becomes difficult to work. Therefore, the above-mentioned means can be set so as to increase the adhesive force of the wheel tread.
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of a wheel tread thickening apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the wheel tread thickening apparatus.
In these drawings, the difference from FIGS. 1 and 2 is that the tip of the support arm 51 is an iron core 52, and this iron core 52 is bent upward so as to reduce the gap between the tip 52A and the wheel 3. A two-pole electromagnet device 53 is arranged on a U-shaped iron core 52 at the tip of the bent support arm 51.

That is, since the magnetic field is less likely to be generated as the frequency becomes higher, the gap needs to be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the pole pitch. 6 and 7, in order to increase the pole pitch, the iron core 52, which is a part of the support arm 51, is formed in a U shape so as to face only the wheel tread 4.
Therefore, the high frequency magnetic field generated by the electromagnet device 53 forms a magnetic path from the tip 52A of the iron core 52 to the wheel 3 to the other end of the iron core 52, and due to the electromagnetic induction heating action due to the skin effect on the wheel tread 4, the wheel Only the surface of the tread surface 4 can be effectively heated.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the fluid viscosity and temperature of the water lubricating film on the wheel tread according to the present invention.
As shown in this figure, the upper limit of the temperature is the critical temperature of water of 374 ° C., and the viscosity coefficient of water decreases with increasing temperature, and it can be seen that the adhesion of the wheel tread increases.
Incidentally, the results of the basic experiments, when the gap between the wheel tread and the magnet device is 5 mm, the temperature of the wheel Stepping plane, 10 ° C. at the time of start, 18 ° C. for 2 minutes after 150 km / h, at 30 minutes after 150 km / h 30 The temperature was 40 ° C. at 250 km / h after 32 minutes, 50 ° C. at 350 km / h after 60 minutes, 70 ° C. at 350 km / h after 62 minutes, and 80 ° C. at 350 km / h after 90 minutes.

When the gap between the wheel tread and the monopolar electromagnet device is 2 mm, the temperature of the wheel tread is 30 ° C. at the start, 90 km at 150 km / h after 2 minutes, 130 ° C. at 150 km / h after 20 minutes, 22 It was 205 degreeC at 250 km / h after minute.
From the above, in order to enhance the effect in the case of the gap of 5 mm, it is desirable that the magnetic field φ is increased or the vehicle speed or frequency is increased. For this purpose, it is desirable that the single-pole or two-pole electromagnet device is disposed opposite to the wheel tread of the railway vehicle and in the vicinity of the rail.

As described above, there are various factors for controlling the temperature of the wheel tread.
Table 1 shows the switching conditions of the wheel tread temperature.

また、車輪踏面の温度の切り換え方法を表２に示す。

Table 2 shows the method of switching the wheel tread temperature.

このように、車輪踏面又は車輪踏面の周囲の温度を計測する温度センサー４５からの情報により、車輪踏面の粘着力を制御するように設定することができる。または季節によって前述したギャップ変更機構４６の切り換えレバーで車輪踏面と単極又は２極の電磁石装置間のギャップを変更するようにしてもよい。

As described above, it is possible to set to control the adhesive force of the wheel tread by the information from the temperature sensor 45 that measures the wheel tread or the temperature around the wheel tread. Or you may make it change the gap between a wheel tread and a single pole or two pole electromagnet apparatus with the switching lever of the gap change mechanism 46 mentioned above according to a season.

Since it comprised as mentioned above, it can aim at reduction of maintenance work, such as maintenance of the wheel and abrasives accompanying friction wear, and replenishment of ceramics like the past. Further, the effect can be enhanced by using it together with ceramic particle injection.
Further, it is possible to increase the adhesive force during power running / driving according to the running state of the vehicle.
According to this wheel tread increasing adhesive device, in particular, it is possible to increase the adhesive strength in the middle and high speed range, and a practical tread heating temperature is 150 kHz with a 100 V (300 W) AC power supply in a 2 kHz to 2 MHz band. The target is from ℃ to 200 ℃. In particular, the skin effect on the tread at 20 kHz can be expected.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation is possible based on the meaning of this invention, and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.

  The wheel tread increasing adhesive device of the present invention can be used for a braking device of a railway vehicle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device showing a first embodiment of the present invention. 1 is a schematic side view of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device showing a second embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of a wheel tread increasing adhesive device showing a reference example of the present invention. It is sectional drawing of the AA line of FIG. It is a front schematic diagram of the wheel tread increasing adhesion apparatus which shows 3rd Example of this invention. It is a side surface schematic diagram of the wheel tread increasing adhesive apparatus which shows 3rd Example of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the fluid viscosity and temperature of the lubricating film of the water in the wheel tread concerning this invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,31 Rail 2 Axle 3,32 Wheel 4,33 Wheel tread 5 Axis box 6 Axis spring 7 Bogie frame 8,51 Support arm 9,34,53 Electromagnet device (single pole or two pole electromagnet device)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Control apparatus 11,35 Power supply 21 Frequency controller 36 Controller 41 Electronic control apparatus 42 Idle / sliding sensor 43 Notch information sensor 44 Vehicle speedometer 45 Temperature sensor 46 Gap change mechanism 47 Drive shaft 48 Support body 52 Iron core 52A Iron core Tip of

Claims (2)

One end portion is fixed to the front end side of the axle, the front end portion is bent in the direction toward the inner side of the axle, and is provided with a support arm that faces the center portion of the rail, and an electromagnet device is disposed at the front end portion of the support arm. by the electromagnetic device during running, and car wheel, and the wheel tread, the contact point between the wheel tread and the rail, a closed magnetic path is formed including the rail, the wheel tread surface by thereby resulting core loss of the wheel A wheel tread increasing adhesive device characterized in that the temperature is increased and the viscosity of the fluid intervening at the contact point between the rail and the wheel tread is lowered to increase the adhesion of the wheel tread. .   The wheel tread increasing adhesive apparatus of Claim 1 WHEREIN: By heating a wheel tread surface between 50 degreeC-374 degreeC, the adhesive force of a wheel tread is heightened, The wheel tread increasing adhesive apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.

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