JP4929947B2 - Torque converter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a torque converter that includes a pump impeller, a turbine runner, and blades, and transmits torque from an input portion to an output portion via a fluid that circulates between them, and particularly has a characteristic portion for axial compactness. About.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a pump impeller communicated with an input unit, a turbine runner opposed to the pump impeller and communicated with an output unit, and a stator having a blade disposed between the inner periphery of the pump impeller and the turbine runner are provided. There is known a torque converter that transmits torque from an input portion to an output portion via a fluid circulating and flowing between a pump impeller, a turbine runner, and blades (within a torus region formed by them).

  For example, in a torque converter used in an automatic transmission of an automobile, an engine is connected to an input unit, and a transmission mechanism of the automatic transmission is connected to an output unit. That is, since the power train from the engine to the automatic transmission is arranged in series, the total length tends to be long. In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for downsizing the engine room, which is a storage space for the powertrain, and accordingly, there has been an increasing demand for shortening the overall length of the powertrain, and in turn, a demand for downsizing the torque converter in the axial direction.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a known torque converter that is compact in the axial direction. This torque converter includes a lock-up clutch mechanism that mechanically directly connects an input part (front cover) and an output part (turbine hub), and further, a damper that absorbs torque fluctuations between the input part and the output part when operating. Equipment. Further, the axial direction of the torque converter is reduced by devising the layout of the turbine hub and the damper device.

A one-way clutch is provided on the inner peripheral side of the stator, and thrust bearings for receiving a thrust force acting on the stator are provided on both sides on the outer side in the axial direction.
JP 2006-118654 A

  However, the demand for further downsizing of the torque converter in the axial direction is further increasing, and further measures for downsizing are required.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a torque converter capable of achieving axial compactness.

The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-described problems includes a pump impeller communicated with an input unit, a turbine runner opposed to the pump impeller and communicated with an output unit, the pump impeller, and the turbine runner. A stator having blades disposed between inner peripheral portions; and thrust bearings provided on both axial sides on the inner peripheral side of the stator for receiving a thrust force acting on the stator, the pump impeller, the turbine In the torque converter that transmits torque from the input unit to the output unit via a fluid that circulates between the runner and the blade, the stator is installed in a rotation-inhibited state with respect to the support base of the torque converter. A substantially annular non-rotating member, and a rotatable member provided substantially annularly on the outer peripheral side of the non-rotating member; A one-way clutch that is interposed between the non-rotating member and the rotatable member and supports the rotatable member with respect to the non-rotating member in only one direction, and the rotatable member includes: A cylindrical portion whose inner peripheral surface communicates with the one-way clutch, and extends from the substantially central portion in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion to the radially outer side of the cylindrical portion, and is thicker in the axial direction than the cylindrical portion. Each of the thrust bearings is provided on the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical portion so as to sandwich the extension portion from both sides in the axial direction , and the rotatable member includes the blade. An outer peripheral part including a first connecting part on the inner peripheral side, and an inner peripheral side including the cylindrical part and the extending part and having a second connecting part connected to the first connecting part on the outer peripheral side. And the extended portion includes an outer peripheral side. Wherein the throat axial dimension becomes gradually longer.

The invention according to claim 2, in the torque converter according to claim 1, wherein the upper Symbol inner circumferential part, and wherein the ing from structural steel.

The invention according to claim 3 is the torque converter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connecting portion between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion is thinner in the axial direction on the inner peripheral side than on the outer peripheral side. It is characterized by becoming .

The invention according to claim 4 is the torque converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion is a one-way clutch outer race in contact with the engaging element of the one-way clutch It is characterized by.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the torque converter according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, a lockup clutch that mechanically directly connects the input unit and the output unit, and fastening of the lockup clutch A lockup clutch damper that sometimes absorbs torque fluctuation between the input unit and the output unit, and the lockup clutch damper is arranged on one side in the axial direction with respect to the stator, and the rotatable member is The outer peripheral side is offset to the axially anti-lockup clutch damper side with respect to the inner peripheral side.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, as described below, the axial length on the inner peripheral side of the torque converter (at least the portion corresponding to the position where the thrust bearing is provided) of the torque converter is shortened and compact. Can be achieved.

  The effect of the present invention will be described in detail. First, in the cylindrical portion of the stator, it is possible to secure a necessary axial length as a portion communicating with the one-way clutch (OWC). A large torque acts on the OWC because it receives a reaction force of the fluid force acting on the blade. Accordingly, the OWC needs to have a certain thickness (axial length) in order to ensure the strength that can appropriately receive high torque. On the other hand, since the cylindrical part of the rotatable member of the stator has a relatively long axial length as compared with the extending part, it can properly communicate with the OWC.

  On the other hand, the extending portion is a member that transmits torque by connecting the cylindrical portion on the inner peripheral side and the blade that communicates with the outer peripheral side, but it does not necessarily have the same thickness as the cylindrical portion. Further, by appropriately using a high-strength material, it can be made sufficiently thinner (the axial length is shorter) than the cylindrical portion. When the extending portion is made thin, a difference in axial length (step) can be generated between the cylindrical portion and the extending portion. In the present invention, the step is allocated to both sides in the axial direction of the extending portion, and a thrust bearing is provided there.

  In this way, a part of the thickness of the thrust bearing is absorbed by the step, so that the axial length from one thrust bearing to the other is equal to the length of the cylindrical portion. It is shorter than the simple sum of the thickness of Accordingly, the length in the axial direction is shortened and the size is reduced.

  It should be noted that as a reduction in the axial direction of the torque converter, there is not necessarily an advantage only in reducing the overall length, but there is also an advantage in reducing the axial direction of the inner peripheral portion as in the present invention. As described above, the torque converter is inevitably provided between a system (power train or the like) including an input side mechanism (engine or the like) and an output side mechanism (transmission mechanism or the like). This is because even if the axial direction of the part is shortened, the overall length of the system can be shortened by laying out the system so that a part of the system enters the shortened empty space.

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, a relatively low-strength material (for example, resin or light metal) is used as the outer peripheral part including the blade, and the inner peripheral part including the extending portion is high while ensuring high formability. By using strong structural steel, the thickness can be kept sufficiently thin, and the effect of downsizing can be more remarkably exhibited.

  Specifically, carbon steel, chrome steel, chrome molybdenum steel and the like are preferable as the structural steel. It is also effective to perform surface treatment such as quenching, carburizing, and nitriding as necessary.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the strength of the connecting portion between the outer peripheral part and the inner peripheral part, which are separate parts, is ensured on the outer peripheral side, and compactness is achieved on the inner peripheral side .

According to the invention of claim 4, by the inner peripheral surface of the circular cylindrical portion and the OWC outer race, it is not necessary to provide a separate OWC outer race, it is possible to simplify the structure. As described above, since a large torque acts on the OWC, the OWC outer race is required to have high strength. The present invention utilizes the fact that the inner peripheral part including the cylindrical portion is made of high-strength structural steel, and intends to use this directly as an OWC outer race.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the lockup clutch damper can be disposed in the space formed by being offset in the axial direction with respect to the inner peripheral side on the outer peripheral side of the inner peripheral part. Therefore, the space in the torque converter can be used more efficiently, and compactness can be promoted.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an upper half of a longitudinal sectional view showing a torque converter and its peripheral members according to an embodiment of the present invention. The torque converter 1 of the present embodiment is used for an automobile equipped with an automatic transmission. That is, the torque converter 1 is interposed between an unillustrated engine and a transmission mechanism of an automatic transmission (not shown) (generally composed of a planetary gear mechanism and a plurality of clutches), and transmits the power. In the state shown in FIG. 1, the engine is arranged on the left side of the torque converter 1, and the transmission mechanism of the automatic transmission is arranged on the right side. For convenience, in the following description, the left side (engine side) of FIG. 1 is also referred to as the front side, and the right side (automatic transmission side) is also referred to as the rear side. Regarding the rotation direction, the same direction as the engine rotation is referred to as a forward rotation direction, and the opposite direction is referred to as a reverse rotation direction.

  The torque converter 1 is stored in a transmission case (hereinafter abbreviated as a T / M case) 90 serving as a support base. In this embodiment, an oil pump (hereinafter abbreviated as O / P) 80 is disposed behind the torque converter 1.

  The torque converter 1 mainly includes an input side element, an output side element, a stator 30 and its peripheral elements, a lockup clutch 60, and a lockup clutch damper 50.

  The input element includes an input unit (front cover 13) and an element that rotates integrally therewith. A plurality of bolts 18 projecting forward are fixed to the front cover 13 concentrically. The bolt 18 and the engine crankshaft are joined via a drive plate (not shown). That is, the front cover 13 rotates integrally with the crankshaft.

  The front cover 13 is integrally joined with a front cover boss 14 on the front inner peripheral side, an impeller shell 12 on the rear outer peripheral side, and an impeller sleeve 11 on the rear inner peripheral side, respectively. Forming a shell structure for storing In this embodiment, a well-known ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) is used as the working fluid.

  The impeller shell 12 has a part on the outer peripheral side curved backward, and a plurality of pump impellers 15 (plate-like bodies bent in a blade shape) are fixed on a concentric circle inside the curved portion. .

  The inner peripheral side of the impeller sleeve 11 extends rearward in a cylindrical shape, and is engaged with the pump rotor 82 of the O / P 80 in the vicinity of the rear end thereof. The cylindrical portion is rotatably supported by the T / M case 90 via an O / P housing 81 of the O / P 80.

  The output element includes an output portion (turbine hub 23) and an element that rotates integrally therewith. A turbine shaft (an input shaft of a transmission mechanism of an automatic transmission) (not shown) is spline-fitted to the inner peripheral portion of the turbine hub 23 and rotates integrally therewith.

  The turbine shell 21 is fixed to the turbine hub 23 by a plurality of rivets 25 provided concentrically. The turbine shell 21 is curved forward on the outer peripheral side, and a plurality of turbine runners 22 (plate-like bodies bent in a blade shape) are fixed on a concentric circle inside the curved portion. Accordingly, the turbine runner 22 is opposed to the pump impeller 15 as illustrated.

  The stator element includes a stator 30 and a thrust bearing 45 provided on the inner peripheral side before and after the stator 30. The stator element will be described in detail later with reference to FIG.

  A lock-up clutch (hereinafter abbreviated as L / U clutch) 60 is a clutch that mechanically directly connects (L / U) an input portion (front cover 13) and an output portion (turbine hub 23). The L / U clutch 60 of this embodiment has a wet multi-plate clutch structure in which high controllability and high transmission torque are easily obtained, and the front cover 13 is interposed via a lock-up clutch damper (hereinafter abbreviated as L / U damper) 50. And the turbine hub 23 are directly connected.

  The L / U clutch 60 is fixed to the front cover 13 and has a cylindrical clutch hub drum 65 in which a spline 65a is formed on the inner peripheral side, and in the clutch hub drum 65 in the front-rear direction along the spline 65a. A disc-shaped L / U (lock-up) piston 63 that moves and an inner that supports the L / U piston 63 at a predetermined inner and outer peripheral position so that the L / U piston 63 can be slidably contacted via a seal member. A drum 61 and an outer drum 62. The area surrounded by the front cover 13, the L / U piston 63, the inner drum 61 and the outer drum 62 is hydraulic oil that operates the L / U piston 63 (in this embodiment, the same ATF as that of the torque converter 1 is used). The hydraulic chamber 64 is formed.

  The clutch hub drum 65 is provided with two friction plates 66 and 67 alternately on the rear side of the L / U piston 63, and further on the rear side thereof is provided with a retaining plate 68, the rear end of which is a snap ring. It is locked at 69.

  The plate 67 and the retaining plate 68 are annular metal plates, and the outer peripheral portions thereof are engaged with the splines of the clutch hub drum 65. Accordingly, the plate 67 and the retaining plate 68 rotate integrally with the clutch hub drum 65 and the front cover 13 integrated therewith.

  On the other hand, the friction plate 66 disposed between the plate 67 and the retaining plate 68 is obtained by attaching a friction material to both surfaces of an annular metal plate. The friction plate 66 is engaged with the damper main body 51 of the lockup clutch damper 50 at the inner periphery thereof. The damper main body 51 is fixed to the turbine hub 23 by rivets 25 together with the turbine shell 21. Therefore, the friction plate 66 rotates integrally with the damper main body 51 and the turbine hub 23 integrated therewith.

  The lockup clutch damper 50 is interposed in order to realize a directly connected state between the front cover 13 and the turbine hub 23 when the L / U clutch 60 is operated, and absorbs torque fluctuations between the two.

The lockup clutch damper 50 includes a damper main body 51, a damper spring (hereinafter abbreviated as a damper SPG) 52, and a stopper spring (hereinafter abbreviated as a stopper SPG) 53. Front side). The damper main body 51 is a plate-like body divided into an inner peripheral side and an outer peripheral side. As described above, the inner peripheral side is fixed to the turbine hub 23 and the outer peripheral side is engaged with the friction plate 66. A plurality of dampers SPG 52 and stoppers SPG 53 are provided between the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side of the damper main body 51, and torque fluctuations between the inner and outer peripherals are absorbed by these buffering actions.

  The damper SPG 52 of the present embodiment uses a spring that is larger than a conventional general one and has a high torque fluctuation absorbing performance. As the damper SPG 52 increases in size, the turbine shell 21 is curved backward in the vicinity of the damper SPG 52 in order to secure the installation space.

  As shown in FIG. 1, an O / P 80 is disposed behind the torque converter 1. The O / P 80 is a hydraulic pressure source that supplies and discharges the working fluid ATF in the torque converter 1 and the hydraulic chamber 64 of the L / U clutch 60. It is also a hydraulic pressure source for a clutch group that constitutes a speed change mechanism (not shown).

  The O / P 80 includes an O / P (oil pump) housing 81, an O / P (oil pump) cover 85, and a pump rotor 82. The O / P housing 81 is fixed to the T / M case 90, stores the pump rotor 82, and includes a suction port and a discharge port not shown. The O / P housing 81 is formed with an oil passage from the suction port to the discharge port via the pump rotor 82.

  The pump rotor 82 is connected to and driven by the rear end portion of the impeller sleeve 11. As the pump rotor 82 rotates, the ATF introduced from the suction port (not shown) is boosted and led to the discharge port.

  The O / P cover 85 is fixed to the O / P housing 81, and serves as a lid body where the pump rotor 82 of the O / P housing 81 is stored. Although not described in detail, the O / P cover 85 is formed with an oil passage for clutch hydraulic pressure of the speed change mechanism. As shown in FIG. 1, the inner peripheral portion of the O / P cover 85 protrudes forward in a cylindrical shape through the inner peripheral hollow portion of the impeller sleeve 11, and closes to the OWC inner race 43 of the stator 30 near its front end. A spline is fitted and supported in a rotation-inhibited state.

  FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 1, and particularly shows in detail the part including the impeller shell 12, the turbine shell 21 and the stator element. These will be described below with reference to FIG.

  A stator 30 is provided between the impeller shell 12 and the turbine shell 21. The stator 30 has a blade 32 disposed between the inner periphery of the pump impeller 15 and the turbine runner 22 and supports the blade 32 in a state where the blade 32 can rotate only in one direction (forward rotation direction) around the axis.

  The blades 32 are blade-like members formed in a plurality of concentric circles near the outer periphery of the stator 30. As shown in the figure, the pump impeller 15, the turbine runner 22 and the blade 32 form a torus region 28, and hydraulic oil ATF circulates and flows in the torus region 28.

  In the impeller shell 12, in order to form an appropriate torus region 28, the vicinity of the torus region 28 bulges (curves) backward with respect to the base portion 12b on the inner peripheral side (bulged portion 12a). Specifically, the base portion 12b bulges by a distance 12d with a bulge start point 12c. In other words, the position in the axial direction of the base portion 12b is in front of the rear end surface of the impeller shell 12 by a distance 12d. The amount of penetration 12d is much larger than that of a conventional general torque converter, and is an amount such that the inner surface of the base portion 12b overlaps the blade 32 at the axial position.

  As described above, the torque converter 1 ensures an appropriate torus region with an appropriate axial thickness on the outer peripheral side (a position corresponding to the torus region 28), and the inner peripheral side (the inner peripheral side relative to the torus region 28, in particular, On the inner peripheral side of the base portion 12b), the axial length is significantly shortened compared to the outer peripheral side, thereby achieving compactness.

  The stator 30 is mainly interposed between the OWC inner race 43 on the inner peripheral side, a rotatable member 42 provided in a substantially annular shape on the outer peripheral side thereof, and between the OWC inner race 43 and the rotatable member 42 for rotation. A one-way clutch (OWC) 40 that supports and supports the possible member 42 with respect to the OWC inner race 43 while allowing only one-way rotation (forward rotation).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the OWC inner race 43 is spline-fitted with the oil pump cover 85 on the inner peripheral surface thereof. That is, the OWC inner race 43 is a non-rotating member that is supported by the T / M case 90 in a rotation-inhibited state via the O / P cover 85 and the O / P housing 81.

  The rotatable member 42 includes an outer peripheral part 31 including the blade 32 and having a spline 33 (first connecting part) on the inner peripheral side, and a spline 36 (second connecting part) connected to the spline 33 on the outer peripheral side. It consists of an inner peripheral part 35. The connecting portion 34, which is a connecting portion between the outer peripheral side component 31 and the inner peripheral side component 35, is engaged with the spline 33 and the spline 36 and is locked by a snap ring 39 (axial locking member). That is, it is formed by prohibiting relative movement in the axial direction. By performing the connection by the snap ring 39, the connection work is facilitated.

  The connecting portion 34 is provided such that its radial position is on the outer peripheral side of the bulging start point 12 c and on the inner peripheral side of the innermost peripheral position of the torus region 28. Desirably, it should be set as close to the outer periphery as possible (position close to the torus region 28) as long as it does not adversely affect the smooth flow of the ATF. Further, the splines 33 and 36 constituting the connecting portion 34 have a thinner axial thickness on the inner peripheral side than on the outer peripheral side.

  The outer peripheral part 31 is made of a relatively low strength material. For example, a resin or a light metal such as aluminum or magnesium is preferable. The outer peripheral part 31 has a predetermined thickness t1, which is a thickness set based on the shape required for the blade 32, and the thickness t1 is not necessarily required for strength. That is, the outer peripheral part 31 has a margin in terms of strength with respect to the shape. Accordingly, a material having a relatively low strength is used within a range in which a necessary strength can be obtained. By doing so, there is an advantage that high formability (productivity) can be obtained while ensuring the necessary strength as compared with the case of using a higher strength material.

  The inner peripheral part 35 includes a cylindrical part 38 on the inner peripheral side whose inner peripheral surface engages with the OWC 40, and extends radially outward from a substantially central part in the axial direction of the cylindrical part 38. And a disc-shaped extending portion 37 having a thickness smaller in the axial direction than 38. The cylindrical portion 38 and the extending portion 37 are an integral part.

  In the extended portion 37, the outer peripheral portion of the spline 36, which is the outermost peripheral portion, is thickest (the axial dimension is long), and is thinner toward the inner peripheral side. It is the thinnest in the vicinity of the connecting portion with the cylindrical portion 38 (a predetermined position on the inner peripheral side of the inner peripheral side component 35 relative to the connecting portion 34) (thickness t2).

  Further, the extended portion 37 (which can also be referred to as the inner peripheral side component 35) has an outer peripheral side that is offset rearward (anti-L / U damper 50 side) with respect to the inner peripheral side.

  As described above, the base 12b of the impeller shell 12 protrudes largely forward. On the other hand, the turbine shell 21 at the radial position corresponding to the base portion 12b is curved backward. For this reason, the installation space of the extending portion 37 sandwiched between the impeller shell 12 and the turbine shell 21 is narrowest in the radial direction in the vicinity of the base portion 12b, and is shifted forward with respect to the axial position of the blade 32 in the vicinity. ing. In the present embodiment, the extension portion 37 is thinned and has an offset shape as described above, so that the extension portion 37 is appropriately arranged in spite of such a disadvantage of the installation space, and the length in the axial direction is set. It has succeeded in making it compact.

  The inner peripheral part 35 is a separate part from the outer peripheral part 31, and high-strength structural steel is adopted as the material thereof. Specifically, carbon steel (for example, S30C to S50C), chrome steel (for example, SCr420), chrome molybdenum steel (for example, SCM420) and the like are suitable. Moreover, you may perform surface treatments, such as hardening, carburizing, and nitriding, as needed. By doing so, it is possible to promote the thinning as much as possible while securing the strength of the extending portion 37.

  Further, since the spline 33 and the spline 36 are thinner in the axial direction on the inner peripheral side than on the outer peripheral side, the strength of the connecting portion 34 is secured on the outer peripheral side, and the inner peripheral side is made compact. Is planned.

  The cylindrical portion 38 has the same thickness (length in the axial direction) as the thickness t3 of the OWC inner race 43 and the OWC 40. The cylindrical portion 38 is a one-way clutch outer race (hereinafter abbreviated as OWC outer race) whose inner peripheral surface engages with the engagement element 41 of the OWC 40. The OWC 40 of this embodiment is a so-called sprag type, and the engagement element 41 is a sprag.

  A large torque acts on the OWC 40 to receive a reaction force of the fluid force acting on the blade. The OWC 40 needs a certain length in the axial direction (thickness t3) in order to ensure strength that can appropriately receive the high torque. The cylindrical portion 38 that acts as the OWC outer race has the same thickness t3 as the OWC 40 and is made of high-strength structural steel, so that the function as the OWC outer race can be appropriately exhibited.

  Further, by making the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 38 an OWC outer race, it is not necessary to separately provide an OWC outer race, and the structure can be simplified.

  Two thrust bearings 45 are provided at a step near the boundary between the cylindrical portion 38 and the extending portion 37 so as to sandwich the extending portion 37 from the front and rear. Specifically, the front thrust bearing 45 is interposed between the turbine hub 23 and the extending portion 37 via bearing races 46 and 47. The rear thrust bearing 45 is interposed between the impeller sleeve 11 and the extending portion 37 via bearing races 46 and 47. The thrust bearing 45 positions the stator 30 in the front-rear direction and receives a thrust force acting on the stator 30 (blade 32).

  Assuming that the thickness of one thrust bearing 45 including the bearing races 46 and 47 is t4, the axial distance t5 from the front surface of the front bearing race 46 to the rear surface of the rear bearing race 46 is t5 = t2 + 2 · Represented by t4. This is shorter than the same dimension t3 + 2 · t4 in the case where the thrust bearing 45 is provided at the position of the thickness t3 (conventional structure) without providing a step between the cylindrical portion 38 and the extending portion 37. Yes. In other words, the extension portion 37 is thinned, a step is provided between the cylindrical portion 38 and the extension portion 37, and the thrust bearing 45 is disposed at the step portion, thereby further reducing the axial dimension at that portion. The downsizing is achieved.

  Next, the operation of the torque converter 1 will be described. First, the L / U clutch 60 is in an inoperative state (L / U off), and the rotational speed of the turbine hub 23 (turbine runner 22) is relatively small with respect to the rotational speed of the front cover 13 (pump impeller 15) (speed ratio). Will be described. Such a state appears at the time of stop (speed of the turbine hub 23 = 0) or immediately after starting.

  When the L / U is off, a slight gap (clearance) is generated between the plate 67 of the L / U clutch 60, the retaining plate 68, and the friction plate 66, so that relative rotation is possible. That is, the front cover 13 of the input part and the turbine hub 23 of the output part are in a state of relative rotation.

  The flow direction of the working fluid ATF in the torus region 28 at this time is pump impeller 15 → turbine runner 22 → blade 32 → pump impeller 15 as indicated by an arrow A1. Actually, a flow in the circumferential direction (a direction perpendicular to the paper surface) is added to this to form a three-dimensional flow. The torque on the input side is transmitted from the pump impeller 15 to the ATF, and this is transmitted to the output side via the turbine runner 22. The ATF returned from the turbine runner 22 to the blade 32 flows in a direction to rotate the blade 32 in the reverse rotation direction. However, since the reverse rotation is prohibited by the OWC 40, the blade 32 (the rotatable member 42) maintains a stopped state, and reverses the direction of the ATF to return to the pump impeller 15.

  Since the ATF that has changed its direction and returned to the pump impeller 15 acts to urge the circulating flow (arrow A1), a stronger torque is transmitted to the turbine runner 22. Accordingly, at this time, the turbine hub 23 that is the output portion can obtain a torque larger than the torque of the front cover 13 that is the input portion (torque amplification action).

  Next, the case where the L / U clutch 60 is off and the rotational speed of the turbine hub 23 (turbine runner 22) is relatively large (the speed ratio is large) relative to the rotational speed of the front cover 13 (pump impeller 15) will be described. To do. Such a state appears when a constant vehicle speed is reached after starting or during steady running under a light load.

  Also in this case, the working fluid ATF forms a circulating flow of the pump impeller 15 → the turbine runner 22 → the blade 32 → the pump impeller 15 in the torus region 28. However, the difference from the above case is that the ATF returned from the turbine runner 22 to the blade 32 flows in a direction to rotate the blade 32 in the forward rotation direction. Since the forward rotation is permitted by the OWC 40, the blade 32 (the rotatable member 42) rotates forward in the same manner as the pump impeller 15 and the turbine runner 22. In this way, a fluid coupling having no torque amplification action is formed in the torus region 28, and a torque slightly smaller than the torque of the front cover 13 as the input portion is obtained at the turbine hub 23 as the output portion.

  Next, the case where the L / U clutch 60 is in an operating state will be described. Such a state appears when a predetermined vehicle speed is reached after starting and a control unit (not shown) issues an L / U command.

  When the L / U command is issued, the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic chamber 64 and the L / U piston 63 strokes backward. As a result, the friction plates 66 and the plates 67 are entirely pressed against the rear retaining plate 68, and the relative rotation is stopped by the frictional force acting between them (fastened state). That is, there is a direct connection state (L / U state) between the front cover 13 and the turbine hub 23 with no relative rotation.

  L / U has the advantage of high transmission efficiency because it does not involve fluid slip as compared to power transmission via fluid. Therefore, expanding the L / U region (region in which the vehicle travels in the L / U state) greatly contributes to improvement in fuel consumption. From this point of view, in the present embodiment, the L / U region (for example, the first speed stage immediately after the start of the first speed stage) is significantly wider than the conventional general L / U area (for example, the high speed area of the fourth speed stage or higher). ) Is set. The L / U clutch 60 is adapted to the expansion of the L / U region by adopting a wet multi-plate clutch structure in which high controllability and high transmission torque are easily obtained.

During L / U, torque transmission from the front cover 13 to the turbine hub 23 is performed via the L / U damper 50, thereby absorbing torque fluctuations. When the torque fluctuation is relatively small, an appropriate torque fluctuation is absorbed only by the damper SPG 52, and when the torque fluctuation exceeds a certain level, the stopper SPG 53 is also added to absorb a strong torque fluctuation.

  As described above, in this embodiment, L / U from the low speed stage is performed. At low speeds (low vehicle speed range), the torque fluctuation of the engine is relatively large. When L / U is performed in this area, there is a concern about deterioration of vehicle body vibration and deterioration of riding comfort due to the torque fluctuation. However, in this embodiment, the concern is eliminated by adopting a damper SPG 52 that is large and has high torque fluctuation absorbability.

  Next, the advantage of shortening the axial length on the inner peripheral side of the torque converter 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the shape of the O / P housing 81 projects largely forward on the inner peripheral side, and the front end portion thereof is positioned forward of the rear end of the impeller shell 12. This is an arrangement that is made possible by increasing the amount of entry 12d (shown in FIG. 2) from the rear end of the impeller shell 12 into the base 12b.

  Considering an arrangement in which the torque converter 1 and the O / P 80 are set as described above, the projecting portion of the O / P 80 is simply inserted into the inner peripheral side of the compact torque converter 1 so that the torque converter 1 Compared with the case where the O / P 80 is disposed rearward (behind the rear end of the impeller shell 12), the axial length of the two can be shortened.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, these embodiment can be suitably changed in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. For example, the structure of the L / U clutch 60 and the structure of the L / U damper 50 are not limited to those of the above embodiment, and may be of any type.

  The OWC 40 is not limited to a sprag type, and may be a roller type, for example. In that case, the engaging element 41 is a roller.

  Moreover, the torque converter 1 does not limit the member arrange | positioned in the periphery. For example, a member other than the O / P 80 may be disposed behind the torque converter 1, and a part of the member may enter the inner peripheral portion of the torque converter 1 that is made compact. Further, the layout is not necessarily limited to a layout in which a part (or all) of some member is inserted into the inner peripheral portion thereof.

It is the upper half part of the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the torque converter which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, and its peripheral member. It is the elements on larger scale of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

1 Torque converter 13 Front cover (input part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 Pump impeller 22 Turbine runner 23 Turbine hub 30 Stator 31 Outer peripheral part 32 Blade 33 Spline (1st connection member)
34 connecting portion 35 inner peripheral side component 36 spline (second connecting member)
37 Extension part 38 Cylindrical part 39 Snap ring (Axial locking member)
40 one-way clutch 41 engagement element 42 rotatable member 43 one-way clutch inner race (non-rotating member)
45 Thrust bearing 50 Lock-up clutch damper 60 Lock-up clutch 90 Transmission case (Torque converter support)

Claims (5)

A pump impeller connected to the input section;
A turbine runner opposed to the pump impeller and communicated to the output section;
A stator having blades disposed between the inner periphery of the pump impeller and the turbine runner;
A thrust bearing provided on each of both axial sides on the inner circumferential side of the stator for receiving a thrust force acting on the stator;
In a torque converter that transmits torque from the input unit to the output unit via a fluid that circulates between the pump impeller, the turbine runner, and the blades,
The stator is a substantially annular non-rotating member installed in a rotation prohibited state with respect to the support base of the torque converter;
A rotatable member provided in a substantially annular shape on the outer peripheral side of the non-rotating member;
A one-way clutch interposed between the non-rotating member and the rotatable member, and supporting the rotatable member with respect to the non-rotating member only in one direction.
The rotatable member has a cylindrical portion whose inner peripheral surface communicates with the one-way clutch,
An extending portion extending from the substantially central portion in the axial direction of the cylindrical portion to the outside in the radial direction of the cylindrical portion, and having an axial thickness smaller than that of the cylindrical portion,
Each of the thrust bearings is provided so as to sandwich the extending portion from both sides in the axial direction on the outer peripheral side of the cylindrical portion ,
The rotatable member includes the blade and an outer peripheral part having a first connecting portion on the inner peripheral side;
Including an inner peripheral part including the cylindrical part and the extending part and having a second connecting part connected to the first connecting part on the outer peripheral side;
The extension portion has a gradually increasing axial dimension toward the outer peripheral side . Upper Symbol inner circumferential part, a torque converter according to claim 1, wherein the ing from structural steel. The connecting portion between the first coupling portion and the second connecting portion, according to claim 1 or 2 torque converter, wherein the axial thickness of the inner peripheral side than the outer peripheral side is thin. Torque converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3 inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion is characterized in that there is a one-way clutch outer race in contact with the engaging element of the one-way clutch. A lockup clutch that mechanically directly connects the input unit and the output unit;
A lockup clutch damper that absorbs torque fluctuation between the input unit and the output unit when the lockup clutch is engaged;
The lock-up clutch damper is arranged on one side in the axial direction with respect to the stator,
5. The torque converter according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral side of the rotatable member is offset to an axially anti-lockup clutch damper side with respect to an inner peripheral side.

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