JP4929780B2 - Liquid crystal display device and antiglare polarizing film laminate used therefor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device having an improved antiglare property and an antiglare polarizing film laminate useful for the liquid crystal display device.

  Liquid crystal display devices are increasingly used for portable TVs, notebook personal computers, etc. due to their characteristics such as light weight, thinness, and low power consumption. Today, they are also being applied to video viewing equipment such as large TVs. Yes. In a liquid crystal display device used for the purpose of displaying an image such as a television receiver, the visibility, particularly the contrast ratio when observed from the front and the contrast ratio when observed from an oblique direction, that is, viewing angle characteristics, is regarded as important. The In order to improve such viewing angle characteristics, various liquid crystal cell drive modes have been proposed.

  As one of such liquid crystal display devices with improved viewing angle characteristics, for example, a rod-like shape having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2558979 (Patent Document 1). There is a vertical alignment (VA) mode liquid crystal display device in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to a substrate. In the vertical alignment mode, in the non-driven state, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate, so that light passes through the liquid crystal layer without changing the polarization. For this reason, by arranging linearly polarizing plates on the top and bottom of the liquid crystal panel so that the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, almost complete black display can be obtained when viewed from the front, and a high contrast ratio can be obtained. it can.

  However, in such a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device in which only a linear polarizing plate is disposed in such a liquid crystal cell, the axial angle of the disposed linear polarizing plate is shifted from 90 ° when viewed from an oblique direction. As a result, light leakage occurs due to the birefringence of the rod-like liquid crystal molecules in the cell, and the contrast ratio is significantly reduced.

  In a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, in order to eliminate such light leakage, it is necessary to dispose an optical compensation film between the liquid crystal cell and the linear polarizing plate. Conventionally, a biaxial retardation plate is used as the liquid crystal cell. With one each between the upper and lower polarizing plates, or a uniaxial retardation plate and a complete biaxial retardation plate, one above each of the liquid crystal cell, or two of the liquid crystal cell Specifications that are arranged on one side have been adopted. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-109009 (Patent Document 2), in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, an a-plate (that is, a positive uniaxial position) is provided between upper and lower polarizing plates and a liquid crystal cell. It is described that a phase difference plate) and a c-plate (that is, a complete biaxial retardation plate) are arranged.

A positive uniaxial retardation plate is a film in which the ratio R ₀ / R _th of the in-plane retardation value R ₀ to the retardation value R _{th in the} thickness direction is approximately 2, and is completely biaxial. A retardation film is a film having an in-plane retardation value R _{0 of} substantially zero. Here, the refractive index in the in-plane slow axis direction n _x of the film, n _y and refractive index in the in-plane fast axis direction of the film, the refractive index in the thickness direction n _z of the film, the thickness of the film When d, the in-plane retardation value R ₀ and the thickness direction retardation value R _th are defined by the following equations (1) and (2), respectively.

_{R 0 = (n x -n y} ) × d (1)
_Rth = [( _nx + _ny ) / 2- _nz ] * d (2)

Since the n _z ≒ n _y is a positive uniaxial film, the R ₀ / R _th ≒ 2. Even in the case of a uniaxial film, R ₀ / R _th may vary between about 1.8 and 2.2 depending on the stretching conditions. The perfectly biaxial film, for the n _x ≒ n _y, the R ₀ ≒ 0. A completely biaxial film has a negative uniaxial property because only the refractive index in the thickness direction is different (small), and is also called a film having an optical axis in the normal direction. As it is, it is sometimes called a c-plate. Biaxial film becomes _{n x> n y> n z} .

  On the other hand, a polarizing plate is usually used in a form in which a protective layer is provided on one or both sides of a polarizer film. As the protective layer, a triacetyl cellulose film is generally used, but the protective layer is made of another resin. Many attempts have been made to replace or provide a phase difference to the protective layer. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-43812 (Patent Document 3) describes that at least one of the protective layers of the polarizer is composed of a birefringent film. For example, JP-A-7-287123 (Patent Document 4) describes that a protective layer of a polarizer is composed of a norbornene resin (cyclic olefin resin).

  Furthermore, image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices, when external light is reflected on the image display surface, the visibility is significantly impaired, so in applications such as televisions and personal computers where importance is placed on image quality and visibility, A process for preventing these reflections is usually performed on the surface of the display device. As anti-reflection processing, so-called anti-glare processing that scatters incident light and blurs the reflected image by forming fine irregularities on the surface can be realized at a relatively low cost. It is suitably used for such applications.

  As a film imparting such antiglare properties, for example, JP 2002-365410 A (Patent Document 5) is an optical film having fine irregularities formed on the surface, and on the surface of the film, An antiglare optical film is disclosed in which a light beam is incident from a direction of −10 ° with respect to a normal line and a reflected light profile when a reflected light from the surface alone is observed satisfies a specific relationship. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-189106 (Patent Document 6) discloses a method of three-dimensionally curing an ionizing radiation curable resin with an ionizing radiation curable resin sandwiched between an embossing mold and a transparent resin film. 10 points average roughness and the average distance between adjacent convex portions on the three-dimensional roughness reference surface are formed with fine irregularities each having a predetermined value, and the ionizing radiation curable resin layer on which the irregularities are formed An antiglare film having a shape provided on the transparent resin film is disclosed.

  Furthermore, as a method for producing a roll used for manufacturing a film having irregularities on the surface, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-90187 (Patent Document 7) includes a step of forming a metal plating layer on the surface of an embossing roll, metal plating Disclosed is a method for producing an embossing roll through a step of mirror polishing the surface of a layer, a step of blasting the surface of a mirror-plated metal plating layer using ceramic beads, and a step of peening treatment if necessary. Yes.

  Now, in general, it is said that it is necessary to use an anti-glare film exhibiting a high haze value of 10% or more in order to prevent reflection of external light and ensure sufficient visibility. High-value anti-glare films have been widely used in notebook personal computers and televisions. However, the antiglare film showing a high haze value of 10% or more has a problem that the contrast measured in a bright room is lowered due to its wide reflection / scattering characteristics. Another problem is that the contrast measured in a dark room, which is inherent in a liquid crystal display device, is reduced.

  In order to deal with this problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-53371 (Patent Document 8) discloses that a concavo-convex surface is formed by applying fine particles to a polished metal surface to form concavo-convex portions and electroless nickel plating thereon. It is disclosed that an antiglare film having a low reflection haze and a predetermined reflection profile is obtained by transferring the uneven surface of the mold to a transparent resin film. JP 2006-39270 A (Patent Document 9) describes a liquid crystal display device in a vertical alignment mode together with a linear polarizer, a uniaxial or biaxial retardation plate, and a complete biaxial retardation plate. It has been disclosed to improve the visibility of the liquid crystal display device by applying an antiglare layer divided into predetermined domain areas.

Japanese Patent No. 2548979 (Claims 1 and 1) JP 2001-109909 A (Claim 15 and paragraph 0036) JP-A-8-43812 (Claim 1) JP-A-7-287123 (Claim 2) JP 2002-365410 A (Claims) JP 2002-189106 A (Claims 1 to 6 and paragraphs 0043 to 0046) JP-A-2004-90187 (Claims 1 and 2) JP 2006-53371 A (Claims 1 and 2) JP 2006-39270 A (Claims 1 and 5)

  As disclosed in the above-mentioned Patent Document 9, the present inventors arrange a pair of polarizing plates with a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal cell interposed therebetween, and further, on one or both between the liquid crystal cell substrate and the polarizing plate, In addition to the configuration in which two types of phase difference plates are arranged, the anti-glare performance and the like are further improved while using the anti-glare film having an improved reflection profile as disclosed in Patent Document 8 as described above. I have been researching it. As a result, a linear polarizer is arranged above and below the vertical alignment mode liquid crystal cell, and a positive uniaxial or biaxial retardation plate is arranged between any one of the cell substrate and the linear polarizer. In a liquid crystal display device in which a complete biaxial retardation plate is disposed between the retardation plate and the cell substrate or between the other cell substrate and the linear polarizer, specific optical characteristics are provided on the display surface side, that is, on the viewing side. By providing an antiglare layer having a specific surface shape, it has been found that the contrast and the like are further improved, and further, a novel antiglare polarizing film laminate useful for it has been found. And various investigations were further added to these findings to complete the present invention.

  Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device, particularly a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device, which has a high degree of antiglare property and improved viewing angle characteristics without increasing the haze value. is there. Another object of the present invention is to provide an antiglare polarizing film laminate useful for the liquid crystal display device.

That is, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention has two cell substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between them and aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate in the vicinity of the substrate when no voltage is applied. A liquid crystal cell; a pair of linear polarizers arranged on the outer sides of the two cell substrates across the liquid crystal cell; and a liquid crystal cell disposed between one of the cell substrates and the linear polarizer, the refractive indices n _x and n _y, the refractive index in the thickness direction is taken as n _z, has a relation of _{n x> n y ≧ n z} , and the slow axis of the adjacent linear polarizer A first retardation plate disposed so as to be substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis; between the first retardation plate and the cell substrate or between the other cell substrate and a linear polarizer facing it the refractive the main refractive index in the film plane n _x and n _y, in the thickness direction The when the n _z, the second retardation plate is arranged to have a relation of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} ; Furthermore, on the side opposite to the surface facing the liquid crystal cells of one of the linear polarizer Measured at a light incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs having a haze of 5% or less for normal incidence light and widths of dark and bright areas of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. The total reflection definition is 50% or less. For light incident at an incident angle of 30 °, the reflectivity R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 2% or less and the reflectivity R (40 at a reflection angle of 40 °). ) Is 0.003% or less, and the reflectance in an arbitrary direction with a reflection angle of 60 ° or more is R (60 or more), the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is 0.001 or less, And the average surface of the polygon formed when the surface is Voronoi divided with the top of the convex part of the surface unevenness as the base point There 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or less, preferably are arranged antiglare layer satisfying a shape factor is 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less.

In the above liquid crystal display device, the configuration in which the antiglare layer, the linear polarizer, and the retardation film are laminated is novel. Therefore, in the antiglare polarizing film laminate according to the present invention, an antiglare layer, a linear polarizer, and a retardation plate are laminated in this order; the antiglare layer has a haze of 5% or less with respect to normal incident light. The total reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs having a width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm in the dark and bright areas is less than 50%. With respect to light incident at an incident angle of 30 °, the reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.003% or less, and the reflection angle The reflectance in an arbitrary direction of 60 ° or more is R (60 or more), the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is 0.001 or less, and the vertex of the convex portion of the surface unevenness is the base point. average area of a polygon formed when Voronoi dividing the surface as is 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or more Preferably be 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less; the retardation plate is a main refractive index in the film plane n _x and n _y, the refractive index in the thickness direction is taken as n _z, n _x A first retardation plate having a relationship of> _ny ≥ _nz and a second retardation plate having a relationship of _nx ≒ _ny > _nz , In the case of a phase difference plate, the retardation axis is arranged so as to be substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer.

In this antiglare polarizing film laminate, a retardation _{plate, n x> n y ≧ n} z relationship first can be composed of one retardation plate having a, in this case, the phase difference plate Are arranged so that their slow axes are substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. The phase retarder may be composed of a second retardation plate one having a relationship of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} . Furthermore the retardation plate is configured with laminated body of the second retardation plate having a relationship of n _x> n first retardation plate having a relationship of _y ≧ n _z and n _x ≒ n _y> n _z In this case, it is advantageous to arrange the first retardation plate so as to face the linear polarizer, and its slow axis is substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. It is arranged to become.

  In this antiglare polarizing film laminate, the antiglare layer is formed by bumping fine particles on the polished metal surface to form irregularities, and electroless nickel plating is applied to the irregular surface of the metal to form a mold, It is advantageous to form a resin film having fine irregularities obtained by transferring the irregular surface of the mold onto a transparent resin film and then peeling the transparent resin film having the irregular surface transferred from the mold. Here, the transparent resin film may be an ultraviolet curable resin or a thermoplastic resin.

  Since the liquid crystal display device of the present invention exhibits high antiglare properties and high contrast, it is bright and has excellent visibility. Further, the antiglare polarizing film laminate of the present invention has a low haze value despite the fact that fine irregularities are formed on the surface and has an antiglare property. When applied to a liquid crystal display device in a mode, a high contrast ratio is provided.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing some examples of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of an antiglare polarizing film laminate according to the present invention. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the antiglare polarizing film laminate according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing an incident direction and a reflection direction of light with respect to the antiglare layer. FIG. 5 is a plot of the reflection angle and reflectivity of the reflected light 38 with respect to the incident light 36 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal 35 of the antiglare layer 30 in FIG. 4 (the reflectivity is a logarithmic scale). FIG. 6 is an example of a graph (reflection profile). FIG. 6 is a perspective view schematically showing an algorithm for determining a convex portion of an antiglare film, and FIG. As an example, the surface is Voronoi-divided, and FIG. Is a cross-sectional schematic view showing a preferable embodiment step by step, Figure 9 is a schematic sectional view showing a state in which the surface is polished after electroless nickel plating.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal cell 10, a pair of linear polarizers 20 and 21 disposed therebetween, and one of the linear polarizers and the liquid crystal cell 10. And a first retardation plate 26 disposed on the surface. The liquid crystal cell 10 includes two cell substrates 11 and 12 and a liquid crystal layer 17 sandwiched between them, and electrodes 14 and 15 are provided on opposite surfaces of the cell substrates 11 and 12, respectively. Yes. The liquid crystal layer 17 in the liquid crystal cell 10 is aligned in the vertical direction in the vicinity of the substrates 11 and 12, usually from one substrate 11 to the other substrate 12 when no voltage is applied. Thus, the liquid crystal cell 10 targeted in the present invention is of a so-called vertical alignment mode.

The first phase difference plate 26, the main refractive indices n _x and n _y in the film plane, and the refractive index in the thickness direction is taken as n _z, have the relation of n _x> n _y ≧ n _z is doing. Here, the main refractive index in the film plane means the refractive index in the direction in which the refractive index is maximum in the film plane (the slow axis direction) and the direction perpendicular to it, that is, the direction in which the refractive index is minimum (advanced). It refers to a refractive index of the axis direction), representing former n _x, the latter in n _y. Thus, the first phase difference plate 26 is of uniaxial _{(n x> n y ≒ n} z) or biaxial _{(n x> n y> n} z). The slow axis of the first retardation plate 26 is disposed so as to be substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the adjacent linear polarizer 20 or 21. Light leakage can be suppressed by making the slow axis of the first retardation plate 26 and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer adjacent thereto substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal. Here, “substantially” in the case of being substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal means that a completely parallel or orthogonal state is desirable, but practically means that up to about ± 5 ° around the angle is allowed. It is preferable that the slow axis of the first retardation plate 26 and the transmission axis of the linear polarizer are arranged so as to have a substantially parallel relationship.

In the present invention, between the cell substrate on the opposite side of the first retardation plate 26 and the linear polarizer 21 or 20 on the opposite side, or between the first retardation plate 26 and the liquid crystal cell 10. The second retardation plate 27 is disposed. Second retardation plate 27, n _x, when the n _y and n _z were the meaning described above, which satisfies a relation of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} , which is a negative uniaxial It is also called a film having an optical axis in the normal direction, or a c-plate. Here, _nx ≈ _ny is that _nx and _ny are completely equal, that is, it is desirable that the in-plane retardation value represented by the formula (1) is zero. This means that the orientation is negligible for practical use, specifically, the in-plane retardation value is within about 10 nm, preferably within about 5 nm.

Furthermore, in the present invention, a predetermined optical characteristic is given to the surface of one linear polarizer 20 opposite to the side facing the liquid crystal cell 10, that is, the surface on the display surface (viewing) side, and has a predetermined surface shape. An antiglare layer 30 is disposed. This anti-glare layer 30 has an anti-glare surface having a large number of fine irregularities formed on the surface, has a haze of 5% or less with respect to normal incident light, and has a dark portion and a bright portion width of 0.5 mm, 1. The total reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs of 0 mm and 2.0 mm is less than 50%. The reflectance R (30) at 30 ° is 2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.003% or less, and the reflectance in an arbitrary direction with a reflection angle of 60 ° or more is R (60 As described above, the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is 0.001 or less, and the polygon formed when the surface is Voronoi-divided with the vertex of the convex portion of the surface unevenness as the base point average area, 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or less, is preferably 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less The antiglare layer 30 will be described in detail later.

  And in FIG. 1, when the laminated body of this glare-proof layer 30 and the display surface side linear polarizer 20, the phase difference plate 26 and / or 27 are arrange | positioned at the display surface side rather than the liquid crystal cell 10, they were included. The laminate is displayed as the antiglare polarizing film laminate 40 or 41. When the linear polarizer 21 and the phase difference plates 26 and / or 27 are arranged on the back side of the liquid crystal cell 10, the laminate is displayed as the back side polarizing film laminate 50.

  Adhesive 60 is usually applied between the antiglare polarizing film laminate 40 or 41 and the liquid crystal cell 10 and between the back side linear polarizer 21 or back side polarizing film laminate 50 and the liquid crystal cell 10. Worn. As the pressure-sensitive adhesive, those having excellent transparency such as acrylic are generally used. A backlight 70 for supplying light to the liquid crystal cell 10 is usually provided on the back side of the back side linear polarizer 21.

  The linear polarizers 20, 21 transmit linearly polarized light that vibrates in one direction orthogonal to each other in the film plane and absorb linearly polarized light that vibrates in the other direction, and are generally known as polarizing films or polarizing plates. It's okay. Specifically, a polyvinyl alcohol film that has been uniaxially stretched and dyed with a high dichroic dye and further subjected to boric acid crosslinking can be used. There are iodine-based polarizers using iodine as the high-dichroic dye and dye-based polarizers using dichroic organic dyes as the high-dichroic dye, both of which can be used. Further, such a polyvinyl alcohol linear polarizer itself may be used, or a polarizing plate in which a protective film made of a transparent polymer such as triacetyl cellulose is laminated on one side or both sides of the polyvinyl alcohol linear polarizer. It may be.

  Since the anti-glare layer 30 is disposed on one side of the display-surface-side linear polarizer 20, the anti-glare layer 30 can serve as a protective film for the linear polarizer 20 and can be placed on the other surface. When the phase difference plate 26 or 27 is disposed, the phase difference plate 26 or 27 can also serve as a protective film for the linear polarizer 20. As shown in FIG. 1D, the antiglare layer 30 is provided on one side of the display surface side linear polarizer 20 and the other surface is directly bonded to the liquid crystal cell 10 via the adhesive 60. Is preferably provided with a protective film as described above on at least the surface of the linear polarizer 20 opposite to the antiglare layer 30.

  As for the back side linear polarizer 21, as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1D, when the phase difference plate 26 or 27 is disposed on one side, the phase difference plate 26 or 27 can serve as a protective film for the linear polarizer 21. In this case, it is preferable to provide the protective film as described above on the other surface of the linear polarizer 21. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1C, when a retardation plate or the like is not laminated on the back side linear polarizer 21, it is preferable to provide the protective films as described above on both sides.

The first phase difference plate 26, n _x, when the n _y and n _z was defined above and has a relation of _{n x> n y ≧ n z} . The in-plane retardation value R ₀ is appropriately selected from the range of about 30 to 300 nm according to the characteristics of the liquid crystal cell 10 and the like. The ratio R ₀ / R _th between the in-plane retardation value R ₀ and the thickness direction retardation value R _th is preferably more than 0 and 2 or less. A retardation plate having such characteristics can be obtained by stretching a film made of a transparent resin having positive refractive index anisotropy uniaxially or biaxially under suitable conditions. As the transparent resin having positive refractive index anisotropy, a cellulose resin typified by acylated cellulose such as triacetyl cellulose, a cyclic olefin resin, a polycarbonate, or the like can be used. Here, the cyclic olefin-based resin is a resin having a cyclic olefin such as norbornene or dimethanooctahydronaphthalene as a monomer, and as a commercially available product, “Arton” sold by JSR Corporation, from Nippon Zeon Corporation. There are “Zeonoa” and “Zeonex” (both are trade names) on the market. Among these transparent resins, triacetyl cellulose and cyclic olefin-based resins are preferably used because they have a small photoelastic coefficient and little occurrence of in-plane characteristic unevenness due to thermal strain under use conditions.

Second retardation plate 27, when the n _x, the n _y and n _z was defined above and has a relation of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} . Such retardation characteristics include, for example, application of a discotic liquid crystal on a substrate, application of a cholesteric liquid crystal on a substrate at a short pitch, formation of a layer of an inorganic layered compound such as mica on the substrate, and sequential resin application. Alternatively, it can be achieved by simultaneous biaxial stretching, unstretched solvent cast film, or the like. The second retardation plate 27 has an in-plane retardation value R ₀ in the range of ₀ to 10 nm corresponding to the equation (1), and a thickness direction retardation value R corresponding to the equation (2). _It is preferable that _th is in the range of 50 to 300 nm. The material or the material of the substrate is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to form a layered compound layer that has a simple manufacturing process and can freely control the R _th value corresponding to the formula (2) at low cost. Commercially available retardation plates exhibiting such retardation characteristics include, for example, “VAC film” sold by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and “Fujitac” film sold by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Product name). Second retardation plate 27, n _x ≒ n _y, therefore, since the phase difference value R ₀ substantially zero in a plane, even if they have some R ₀ value, the axial angle of the slow axis in particular There is no need to specify.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1A, the liquid crystal cell 10 is laminated on one side (display surface side) in the order of the antiglare layer 30 / the linear polarizer 20 / the first retardation plate 26 from the side farther from the liquid crystal cell. The anti-glare polarizing film laminate 40 is disposed and laminated on the other surface (back side) of the liquid crystal cell 10 in the order of the second retardation plate 27 / linear polarizer 21 from the liquid crystal cell side. The rear-side polarizing film laminate 50 is disposed.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1B, the liquid crystal cell 10 is laminated on one side (display surface side) in the order of the antiglare layer 30 / the linear polarizer 20 / the second retardation plate 27 from the side farther from the liquid crystal cell. The anti-glare polarizing film laminate 40 is disposed, and is disposed on the other surface (back side) of the liquid crystal cell 10 in the order of the first retardation plate 26 / linear polarizer 21 from the liquid crystal cell side. The rear-side polarizing film laminate 50 is disposed. The difference between FIGS. 1A and 1B is that the positions of the first retardation plate 26 and the second retardation plate 27 are reversed.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1C, the antiglare layer 30 / linear polarizer 20 / first retardation plate 26 / second phase is formed on one side (display surface side) of the liquid crystal cell 10 from the side farther from the liquid crystal cell. The anti-glare polarizing film laminate 40 laminated in the order of the phase difference plate 27 is disposed, and the linear polarizer 21 is disposed on the other surface (back side) of the liquid crystal cell 10.

  An example shown in FIG. 1D is an anti-glare polarizing film laminated on one side (display surface side) of the liquid crystal cell 10 in the order of the anti-glare layer 30 / the linear polarizer 20 from the side farther from the liquid crystal cell. The body 41 is disposed, and is laminated on the other surface (back side) of the liquid crystal cell 10 in the order of the second retardation plate 27 / first retardation plate 26 / linear polarizer 21 from the liquid crystal cell side. The rear-side polarizing film laminate 50 is disposed. In FIG. 1C, a laminate of a linear polarizer 20 / first retardation plate 26 / second retardation plate 27 is disposed on the display surface side of the liquid crystal cell 10, and is formed on the surface of the linear polarizer 20. Whereas the antiglare layer 30 is disposed, in FIG. 1D, the laminate of the linear polarizer 21 / first retardation plate 26 / second retardation plate 27 is on the back side of the liquid crystal cell 10. The phase difference plate is not disposed on the display surface side.

The antiglare polarizing film laminate of the present invention has an antiglare layer 30, a linear polarizer 20, a retardation plate 26 and / or 27 in this order, as shown in FIGS. It is a laminated one. A state in which only the antiglare polarizing film laminate 40 is taken out is shown in a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. In this drawing, the first retardation plate 26 and / or the second retardation plate 27 shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C are represented by the reference numeral of the retardation plate 25. That is, the phase difference plate 25 in FIG. 2, n _x, when the n _y and n _z was defined above, n _x> n _y ≧ n having a relation of _z (the first position described above may be a retardation plate), it may be a material having a relation of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} ( second retardation plate as described above).

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, the second retardation film 27 having a relation of n _x> n n and the first phase difference plate 26 having a relation of _{y ≧ n z x ≒ n y} > n z is It may be in a laminated state. In this case, the first retardation plate 26 faces the linear polarizer 20 and the slow axis of the retardation plate 26 is substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer 20. Placed in.

The antiglare layer 30 has a haze of 5% or less with respect to normal incident light, and uses three types of optical combs having a dark part and a bright part width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm. The total reflection sharpness measured at an incident angle of 45 ° is 50% or less. For light incident at an incident angle of 30 °, the reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 2% or less, and the reflection angle is 40. When the reflectivity R (40) of ° is 0.003% or less and the reflectivity in an arbitrary direction with a reflection angle of 60 ° or more is R (60 or more), the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is is 0.001 or less, and the average area of a polygon formed an apex of the convex portion of the surface irregularities when Voronoi dividing the surface as a base point, 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or less, preferably 300 [mu] m ² The shape factor is 1,000 μm ² or less.

  The antiglare layer 30 will be described in detail. The anti-glare layer 30 is preferably manufactured by a method as described later, and has an anti-glare surface with fine irregularities formed on the surface, and the haze with respect to light incident from the vertical direction is 5% or less. It has been done. As described above, the antiglare layer 11 has a contrast when the antiglare polarizing film is applied to a display device by suppressing haze in spite of having irregularities formed on the surface and having an antiglare function. Can be suppressed.

  In addition, the antiglare layer 30 has a reflection definition with respect to 45 ° incident light of 50% or less. Reflection sharpness is measured by the method specified in JIS K 7105. In this JIS, as an optical comb used for measurement of image definition, the ratio of the width of the dark part to the bright part is 1: 1, and the widths are 0.125 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. The type is specified. Among these, when an optical comb having a width of 0.125 mm is used, the antiglare layer defined in the present invention has a small reflection definition and a large error in the measured value. Therefore, an optical comb having a width of 0.125 mm is used. Measured values when using, do not add to the sum, and reflectivity with the sum of image sharpness measured using three types of optical combs with widths of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm I will call it. In this definition, the maximum value of the reflection definition is 300%. When the reflection definition according to this definition exceeds 50%, an image of a light source or the like is reflected, and the antiglare property is deteriorated.

  However, when the reflection definition is 50% or less, it is difficult to determine the superiority or inferiority of the antiglare property only from the reflection definition. Because, when the reflection definition according to the above definition is 50% or less, each reflection definition using optical combs of width 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm is about 10% to 20%. This is because the fluctuation of the reflection definition due to measurement error or the like cannot be ignored.

  Then, the angle dependence of the reflectance adopted as another index for determining the antiglare performance will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a light incident direction and a reflection direction with respect to the antiglare layer (antiglare film). In the present invention, with respect to the incident light 36 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal line 35 of the antiglare layer 30, the reflectance of the reflected light in the direction of the reflection angle of 30 °, that is, the regular reflection direction 37 (that is, normal When the reflectance is R (30), R (30) is set to 2% or less. The regular reflectance R (30) is more preferably 1.5% or less, and particularly preferably 0.7% or less. When the regular reflectance R (30) exceeds 2%, a sufficient antiglare function cannot be obtained, and the visibility is deteriorated. In FIG. 4, the direction of the reflected light at an arbitrary reflection angle θ is represented by reference numeral 38, and the directions 37 and 38 of the reflected light when measuring the reflectance are the incident light direction 36, the film normal 35, and Is in the plane 39 including

  FIG. 5 is an example of a graph in which the reflection angle and the reflectance (the reflectance is a logarithmic scale) of the reflected light 38 with respect to the incident light 36 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal line 35 of the antiglare layer 30 in FIG. is there. Such a graph representing the relationship between the reflection angle and the reflectance, or the reflectance for each reflection angle read from the graph may be referred to as a reflection profile. As shown in this graph, the regular reflectance R (30) is the peak of the reflectance with respect to the incident light 36 incident at 30 °, and the reflectance tends to decrease as the distance from the regular reflection direction increases.

  Further, in the present invention, when the reflectance at a reflection angle of 40 ° is R (40) with respect to the incident light 36 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal line 35 of the antiglare layer 30 in FIG. It shall be 0.003% or less. If R (40) exceeds 0.003%, whitening tends to occur. Therefore, it is preferable that R (40) is not so large. On the other hand, if R (40) is too small, sufficient anti-glare properties will not be exhibited, so generally it is preferably 0.00005% or more. However, it is difficult to strictly define the preferable range of R (40). This is because reflection and whitishness are subjective evaluations by visual observation and are characteristics that ultimately reflect consumer preferences.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, when the reflectance in an arbitrary direction having a reflection angle of 60 ° or more is R (60 or more) with respect to the incident light 36 incident at an angle of 30 ° from the normal 35 of the antiglare layer 30 in FIG. In addition, the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is set to 0.001 or less. R (60 or more) / R (30) is preferably 0.0005 or less, more preferably 0.0001 or less. Here, the arbitrary direction having a reflection angle of 60 ° or more is specifically a reflection angle between 60 ° and 90 °, and the antiglare film produced by the method described later has a typical reflection profile. As shown in FIG. 5, the reflectance in the regular reflection direction is a peak, and the reflectance often decreases sharply as the reflection angle increases. In this case, the reflectance at a reflection angle of 60 ° is R (60). As R (60) / R (30), the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) can be represented. When the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) exceeds 0.001, whitening occurs in the antiglare layer, and visibility decreases. That is, for example, even when black is displayed on the display surface with the anti-glare layer disposed on the forefront of the display device, a whitish color occurs that picks up light from the surroundings and makes the display surface entirely white. .

  In the example of the reflection profile shown in FIG. 5, the regular reflectance R (30) is about 0.4%, R (40) is about 0.0006%, and R (60) is about 0.00003%. .

In addition to the above-described reflection profile, the antiglare layer of the present invention has a polygonal average area of 50 μm formed as a shape factor when the surface is divided into Voronois with the top of the convex portion of the surface unevenness as a base point. ² or more 1,500 ² or less, preferably to satisfy that is 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less.

  First, an algorithm for obtaining the apex of the convex portion on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer will be described. When an arbitrary point on the surface of the antiglare layer is focused, there is no point higher than the focused point around that point, and the altitude of the uneven surface of that point is the highest point of the uneven surface If the altitude is higher than the middle of the altitude of the lowest point, that point is the vertex of the convex portion. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, paying attention to an arbitrary point 91 on the surface of the antiglare layer, a circle having a radius of 2 μm to 5 μm parallel to the reference surface 93 of the antiglare layer is drawn around the point 91. The point on the antiglare layer surface 92 included in the projection surface 94 of the circle does not have a point higher than the point 91 of interest, and the elevation of the uneven surface of the point is When the elevation is higher than the midpoint between the highest point and the lowest point, the point 91 is determined to be the apex of the convex portion. In this case, the radius of the circle 94 is required to be a size that does not count fine irregularities on the sample surface and does not include a plurality of convex portions, and is preferably about 3 μm. According to this method, the number of convex portions per unit surface area of the concavo-convex surface can be determined.

  The number of vertices of the protrusions obtained here is 50 or more and 150 or less in a 200 μm × 200 μm region in order to express good visibility without causing reflection or whitening. It is preferable. If the number of convex portions on the concave / convex surface is small, glare due to interference with pixels occurs when used in combination with a high-definition image display device, which is not preferable. Also, the texture is reduced. If the number of convex portions is excessively large, as a result, the inclination angle of the surface irregularity shape becomes steep, and whitening is likely to occur. The number of convex portions in the 200 μm × 200 μm region is preferably 120 or less, and more preferably 70 or more.

  Next, Voronoi division is explained. When several points (called mother points) are arranged on a plane, the plane is divided according to which mother point is closest to any point in the plane. A figure that can be called a Voronoi diagram, and that division is called Voronoi division. FIG. 7 shows an example in which the surface of the antiglare layer is Voronoi-divided with the apex of the convex portion as the base point. In FIG. 7, square points 95 and 95 are generating points, and individual polygons 96 and 96 including one generating point are regions formed by Voronoi division and are called Voronoi regions or Voronoi polygons. In the following, it is called a Voronoi polygon. In this figure, the peripherally thinned portions 97, 97 will be described later. In the Voronoi diagram, the number of generating points coincides with the number of Voronoi polygons. In FIG. 7, only some of the generating points and Voronoi polygons are provided with leading lines and symbols. However, the fact that there are a large number of generating points and Voronoi polygons is explained above and this figure. Will be easily understood.

  When calculating the average area of Voronoi polygons obtained by performing Voronoi division using the top of the convex part as the base point, the surface shape is measured using a confocal microscope, interference microscope, atomic force microscope (AFM), etc. Then, after obtaining the three-dimensional coordinate value of each point on the surface of the antiglare layer, Voronoi division is performed by the following algorithm to obtain the average area of the Voronoi polygon. That is, according to the algorithm described above, first, the vertex of the convex portion on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer is obtained, and then the vertex of the convex portion is projected onto the reference surface of the antiglare layer. After that, all three-dimensional coordinates obtained by measuring the surface shape are projected onto the reference plane, and all the projected points are assigned to the nearest base point to perform Voronoi division. The area of each polygon is calculated and averaged to obtain the average area of the Voronoi polygon. In the measurement, in order to reduce the error, the Voronoi polygon that touches the boundary of the measurement visual field is not included. That is, in FIG. 7, the Voronoi polygons 97 and 97 that are in contact with the boundary of the visual field and are thinly painted are not counted in the calculation of the average area. Moreover, in order to reduce a measurement error, it is preferable to measure three or more areas of 200 μm × 200 μm or more and use the average value as a measured value.

In the present invention, as described above, so that the average area of a polygon formed an apex of the convex portion of the concavo-convex surface when Voronoi dividing the surface as a base point, a 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or less To. Preferably, the average area of the Voronoi polygon is made to be 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less. When the average area of the Voronoi polygon is less than 50 μm ² , the inclination angle of the surface of the antiglare layer becomes steep, and as a result, whitening tends to occur, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the average area of the Voronoi polygon is larger than 1,500 μm ² , the uneven surface shape becomes rough, and glare is likely to occur when applied to a recent high-definition image display device, and the texture is also reduced. Therefore, it is not preferable.

  By using the three-dimensional coordinates measured here, it is possible to calculate the arithmetic average height Pa and the maximum cross-sectional height Pt of the cross-sectional curve defined in JIS B 0601 (= ISO 4287). It is also possible to represent the elevation of each point on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer with a histogram. Here, in order to express good visibility without causing reflection or whiteness, the arithmetic average height Pa of the cross-sectional curve is preferably 0.08 μm or more and 0.15 μm or less, and the maximum cross-sectional height is The thickness Pt is preferably 0.4 μm or more and 0.9 μm or less. When the arithmetic average height Pa in the cross-sectional curve of the uneven surface is less than 0.08 μm, the surface of the antiglare layer becomes almost flat and does not exhibit sufficient antiglare performance, which is not preferable. If the arithmetic average height Pa in the cross-sectional curve is larger than 0.15 μm, the surface shape becomes rough, and problems such as whitishness and glare occur. On the other hand, when the maximum cross-sectional height Pt in the cross-sectional curve of the concavo-convex surface is less than 0.4 μm, the surface of the antiglare layer is also almost flat, which is not preferable because it does not exhibit sufficient antiglare performance. If the maximum cross-sectional height Pt in the cross-sectional curve is larger than 0.9 μm, the surface shape becomes too rough and problems such as whitishness and glare occur.

  In addition, when the elevation of each point on the uneven surface of the antiglare layer is represented by a histogram, the peak of the histogram is the midpoint (50% height) between the highest point (height 100%) and the lowest point (height 0%). It is preferable that it exists in the range within +/- 20% centering on. This means that the peak of the histogram is preferably in the range of 30% to 70% with respect to the difference between the highest and lowest points (maximum elevation). If no peak is present within ± 20% from the midpoint, in other words, if the peak appears at a position greater than 70% or less than 30% relative to the maximum elevation, the surface shape will be rough as a result. This is not preferable because glare is likely to occur. In addition, the texture of the appearance tends to be reduced.

  When calculating the elevation histogram, first find the highest and lowest elevations on the surface of the antiglare layer (antiglare film), and then the difference between the elevation of the measurement point and the lowest point (the height of that point) ) Is divided by the difference between the highest and lowest points (maximum elevation) to determine the relative height of each store. By representing the relative height obtained as a histogram with the highest point being 100% and the lowest point being 0%, the peak position of the histogram is obtained. It is necessary to divide the histogram so that the peak position is not affected by data errors, and it is generally appropriate to divide the histogram into about 10 to 30. For example, the lowest point (height 0%) to the highest point (height 100%) may be divided in increments of 5% to obtain the peak position.

  The antiglare surface that constitutes the antiglare layer exhibiting the above characteristics is a shape that is covered with unevenness that has virtually no flat surface. The antiglare surface having such a surface shape is, for example, a bump formed by hitting fine particles on the surface of a polished metal, and electroless nickel plating is applied to the uneven surface of the metal to form a mold. Can be advantageously produced by a method of transferring the uneven surface to a transparent resin film and then peeling the transparent resin film having the uneven surface transferred from the mold.

  A method suitable for producing the antiglare layer (antiglare film) in this way will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a process for producing an antiglare film by producing a mold having irregularities on the surface and transferring the irregularities to a film, using a metal plate as an example. It is. FIG. 8A shows a cross section of the metal substrate 81 after mirror polishing, and a polishing surface 82 is formed on the surface thereof. By applying fine particles to the metal surface after such mirror polishing, irregularities are formed on the surface. FIG. 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the metal substrate 81 after hitting the fine particles, and a fine concave surface 83 having a partial spherical shape is formed by hitting the fine particles. Furthermore, the uneven surface of the metal surface is smoothed by performing electroless nickel plating on the surface on which the unevenness due to the fine particles is formed. FIG. 8C is a schematic cross-sectional view after electroless nickel plating. A nickel plating layer 84 is formed on a fine concave surface formed on the metal substrate 81, and the surface 86 thereof has no surface. By electrolytic nickel plating, it is in a state of being loosened compared to the concave surface 83 of (B), in other words, the uneven shape is relaxed. In this way, by applying electroless nickel plating to the partially spherical fine concave surface 83 formed by hitting fine particles on the metal surface, an antiglare film having substantially no flat portion and exhibiting preferable optical characteristics can be obtained. It is possible to obtain a metal mold having irregularities suitable for obtaining.

  FIG. 8D is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the unevenness of the mold formed by electroless nickel plating in FIG. 8C is transferred to a film, and a nickel plating layer 84 formed on the metal substrate 81. A resin layer is formed on the concavo-convex surface, and the film 30 having the concavo-convex shape transferred thereto is obtained. The film 30 can be composed of a single thermoplastic transparent resin. In this case, the thermoplastic resin film may be pressed against the uneven surface 86 of the mold in a heated state and shaped by hot pressing. Moreover, the film 30 can also be comprised by what formed the ionizing radiation-curing-type resin layer 33 on the surface of the transparent base film 32 so that it may illustrate in FIG.8 (D). The resin layer 33 is brought into contact with the concave / convex surface 86 of the mold and irradiated with ionizing radiation to cure the resin layer 33, whereby the concave / convex shape of the mold is transferred to the ionizing radiation curable resin layer 33. These films will be described in detail later. FIG. 8E is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the film 30 formed on the mold in FIG. 8D is peeled from the mold.

  In the method shown in FIG. 8, examples of the metal that can be suitably used for producing the mold include aluminum, iron, copper, and stainless steel. Among these, those in which the metal surface is likely to be deformed by colliding with fine particles, specifically, those having a very low hardness are preferable, and aluminum, iron, copper, etc. are preferably used. From the viewpoint of cost, aluminum and soft iron are more preferable. The metal mold may be a flat metal plate or a cylindrical metal roll. If a metal mold | die is produced using a metal roll, an anti-glare film can be manufactured in a continuous roll shape.

  These metals are hit by fine particles when the surface is polished, but it is particularly preferable that the metal be polished in a state close to a mirror surface. This is because the metal plate and the metal roll are often subjected to machining such as cutting and grinding in order to obtain a desired accuracy, and as a result, the processing surface remains on the metal surface in many cases. . In the state with deep processed eyes, even if the metal surface is deformed by hitting the fine particles, the processed eyes may be deeper than the irregularities formed by the fine particles, and the effects of the processed eyes remain, and the optical characteristics cannot be predicted. May have an effect.

  There is no particular limitation on the method for polishing the metal surface, and any of mechanical polishing, electrolytic polishing, and chemical polishing can be used. Examples of the mechanical polishing method include super finishing, lapping, fluid polishing, and buff polishing. The surface roughness after polishing is preferably represented by a center line average roughness Ra, and Ra is preferably 1 μm or less, more preferably Ra is 0.5 μm or less, and still more preferably Ra is 0.1 μm or less. If Ra is too large, even if the metal surface is deformed by hitting fine particles, the influence of the surface roughness before deformation may remain, which is not preferable. There is no particular limitation on the lower limit of Ra, but there is no need to specify it because there is a natural limit from the viewpoint of processing time and processing cost.

  As a method of hitting the metal surface with fine particles, an injection processing method is preferably used. Examples of the injection processing method include a sand blast method, a shot blast method, and a liquid honing method. The particles used in these processes are preferably in a shape close to a sphere rather than a shape having sharp corners, and particles of a hard material that are crushed during processing and do not produce sharp corners are preferable. . As particles satisfying these conditions, spherical zirconia beads and alumina beads are preferably used for ceramic particles. For metal particles, beads made of steel or stainless steel are preferred. Furthermore, particles in which ceramic or metal particles are supported on a resin binder may be used.

Here, as the fine particles hitting the metal surface, those having an average particle diameter of 10 to 75 μm, preferably 10 to 35 μm, and in particular, spherical fine particles are used, and the convex portions on the uneven surface as defined in the present invention. vertices is average area of a polygon formed when Voronoi dividing the surface as a base point, 50 [mu] m ² or more 1,500 ² or less, the shape factor preferably including the requirement that 300 [mu] m ² or more 1,000 .mu.m ² or less An antiglare film can be produced. The fine particles are particularly preferably those having a substantially uniform particle size, that is, monodispersed particles. If the average particle size of the fine particles is too small, it is difficult to form sufficient irregularities on the metal surface, and the inclination angle of the surface becomes steep, and whitening tends to occur. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the fine particles is too large, the surface irregularities become rough, and glare occurs or the texture is lowered.

  By applying electroless nickel plating to the metal surface with the irregularities formed in this way, the irregular surface is smoothed to make a metal plate. The degree of unevenness varies depending on the type of base metal, the size and depth of unevenness obtained by techniques such as blasting, and the type and thickness of plating. The biggest factor is the plating thickness. If the thickness of the electroless nickel plating is thin, the effect of smoothing the surface shape of the unevenness obtained by techniques such as blasting cannot be obtained sufficiently, and the optical of the antiglare film obtained by transferring the uneven shape to a transparent film The characteristics are not so good. On the other hand, if the plating thickness is too thick, the productivity will deteriorate. Therefore, the thickness of the electroless nickel plating is preferably about 3 to 70 μm, more preferably 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less.

  Electroless plating capable of plating the surface of a metal plate or metal roll with a uniform thickness as viewed macroscopically, particularly electroless nickel plating with a high hardness of the plating layer is preferably employed. More preferable electroless nickel plating is so-called bright nickel plating using a plating bath containing a brightening agent such as sulfur, nickel-phosphorus alloy plating (low phosphorus type, medium phosphorus type or high phosphorus type), nickel-boron alloy plating. Etc. are exemplified.

  In hard chrome plating, particularly electrolytic chrome plating, employed in Patent Document 6 listed in the Background Art section, electric field concentration occurs at the end of a metal plate or metal roll, and the plating thickness differs between the central portion and the end portion. It will be. Therefore, even if the unevenness is formed at a uniform depth over the entire plate surface by the blasting method, the unevenness of the unevenness after plating differs depending on the location of the plate, and the resulting unevenness depth varies. Therefore, it is not preferable to use electrolytic plating.

  Hard chrome plating is not suitable for the production of a metal mold for an antiglare layer because it may cause roughness on the plating surface. That is, in order to eliminate the roughness, the plating surface is generally polished after the hard chrome plating. However, as described later, the polishing of the surface after plating is not preferable in the present invention.

  However, it does not deny so-called flash chrome plating, in which, after electroless nickel plating is applied to a metal surface with irregularities, the outermost surface is chrome plated in order to increase the surface hardness. When flash chrome plating is applied, the thickness of the flash chrome plating needs to be thin enough not to impair the shape of the underlying electroless nickel plating, and should preferably be 3 μm or less, more preferably 1 μm or less.

  Also, it is not preferable to polish a metal plate or roll disclosed in Patent Document 7 after plating. By polishing, a flat portion is generated on the outermost surface, which may cause deterioration of optical characteristics, and because shape control factors increase, it becomes difficult to control the shape with good reproducibility. It is. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal plate in which a flat surface is produced when a surface smoothed by applying electroless nickel plating to an uneven surface obtained by hitting fine particles is polished. 8C corresponds to a state where the surface of the nickel plating layer 84 is polished. Due to the polishing, some of the surface irregularities 86 of the surface of the nickel plating layer 84 formed on the surface of the metal 81 are cut away to produce a flat surface 89.

  As shown in FIG. 8 (C), using a metal mold with irregularities formed on the surface, as shown in FIG. 8 (D), the irregularities are transferred to the surface of the film 30 to form an antiglare surface. To do. At this time, the shape of the mold can be transferred to the film surface by an arbitrary method. For example, a method in which a thermoplastic resin film is hot-pressed on the uneven surface 86 of the mold and the uneven shape of the mold is transferred to the surface of the thermoplastic resin film, or an ionizing radiation curable resin is applied to the surface of the transparent resin film Then, the ionizing radiation curable resin coating layer is brought into close contact with the uneven surface 86 of the mold in an uncured state, cured by irradiating with ionizing radiation through the film, and the uneven shape 86 of the mold is transferred. it can. After the transfer, as shown in FIG. 8E, the antiglare film 30 is obtained by peeling the film from the mold. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength such as prevention of surface scratches, a method using an ionizing radiation curable resin is preferably employed.

  The transparent resin used at this time may be a film having substantially optical transparency. Specific examples include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate, cycloolefin resins, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polysulfone, polyether sulfone, and polyvinyl chloride. . Cycloolefin-based resins are resins that use cyclic olefins such as norbornene and dimethanooctahydronaphthalene as monomers, and commercially available products such as “ARTON” sold by JSR Corporation and ZEON Corporation. There are “Zeonoa” and “Zeonex” (both are trade names).

  Among these, a transparent resin film having thermoplasticity composed of polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cycloolefin resin, etc. is pressed or pressure-bonded at an appropriate temperature to a mold having an uneven shape. By peeling, the uneven shape on the mold surface can be transferred to the film surface. Moreover, the uneven | corrugated shape of a metal mold | die can be transcribe | transferred directly on the polarizing plate surface using a polarizing plate as a transparent film.

  On the other hand, as the ionizing radiation curable resin when transferring the shape using the ionizing radiation curable resin, a compound having one or more acryloyloxy groups in the molecule is preferably used. In order to improve the strength, a trifunctional or higher functional acrylate, that is, a compound having three or more acryloyloxy groups in the molecule is more preferably used. Specific examples include trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylolethane triacrylate, glycerin triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, and the like. Also, an acrylate compound having a urethane bond in the molecule is preferably used in order to impart flexibility to the antiglare surface and make it difficult to break. Specifically, two compounds having at least one hydroxyl group with acryloyloxy group in the molecule, such as trimethylolpropane diacrylate and pentaerythritol triacrylate, are added to diisocyanate compounds such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and tolylene diisocyanate. The urethane acrylate having the above structure is exemplified. In addition, other acrylic resins such as ether acrylates and ester acrylates that initiate radical polymerization by ionizing radiation and cure can also be used.

  Also, cationically polymerizable ionizing radiation curable resins, such as epoxy-based and oxetane-based resins, can be used as the resin in which irregularities are shaped after curing. In this case, for example, a cationically polymerizable polyfunctional oxetane compound such as 1,4-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethoxy) methyl] benzene or bis (3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether, and (4 A mixture with a photocationic initiator such as -methylphenyl) [4- (2-methylpropyl) phenyl] iodonium hexafluorophosphate is used.

  When curing an acrylic ionizing radiation curable resin by irradiation with ultraviolet rays, a radical is generated when irradiated with ultraviolet rays, and an ultraviolet radical initiator is added to start the polymerization / curing reaction. It is done. The ultraviolet irradiation is performed from the glass mold surface side or the transparent resin film surface side, but when the ultraviolet irradiation is performed from the transparent resin film surface side, the radical reaction is performed in the ultraviolet wavelength region where the film can be transmitted. In order to initiate the reaction, an initiator that initiates a radical reaction from the visible region to the ultraviolet region is used.

  Examples of the ultraviolet radical initiator that initiates a radical reaction by ultraviolet irradiation include 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropan-1-one, 2- In addition to hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one and the like, in particular, when the ultraviolet curable resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays through a transparent resin film containing an ultraviolet absorber, bis (2, 4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide, bis (2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl) -2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, etc. A phosphorus-based photoradical initiator having absorption in the water is preferably used.

  When the mold having a plated surface with fine irregularities on the surface is flat, the mold irregular surface and a transparent resin film coated with an uncured ionizing radiation curable resin With the uneven surface in close contact with the coating surface, after irradiating the ionizing radiation from the transparent resin film surface side and curing the ionizing radiation curable resin, the base film is peeled off from the mold, and the mold Is transferred to the surface of the transparent film.

  When the mold having a plated surface with fine irregularities on the surface is in a roll shape and the irregular shape of the mold is transferred using an ionizing radiation curable resin, the transparent resin film is uncured ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is applied with the surface coated with the curable resin in close contact with the mold roll, and after curing, the entire base film is peeled off from the roll mold to continuously change the shape of the transparent film surface. Can be transferred to.

  The ionizing radiation can be ultraviolet rays or electron beams, but ultraviolet rays are preferably used from the viewpoint of ease of handling and safety. As the ultraviolet light source, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, or the like is preferably used, but a metal halide lamp that contains a large amount of visible light components is preferably used particularly when irradiated through a transparent substrate containing an ultraviolet absorber. . In addition, “V-valve” and “D-valve” (both trade names) manufactured by Fusion are also preferably used. The irradiation dose may be a dose sufficient to solidify the UV curable resin until it can be released from the mold, but in order to further improve the surface hardness, irradiation is performed again from the coated surface side after release. May be.

  According to the method as described above, the antiglare layer (antiglare film) obtained can have a haze value of 5% or less. The haze value is specified in JIS K 7136, and is a value represented by (diffuse transmittance / total light transmittance) × 100 (%).

  Thus, when a metal mold having fine irregularities with virtually no flat surface is formed on the surface and the shape is transferred onto the transparent resin film, the antiglare surface of the resulting transparent resin film is also effectively There is no flat surface and fine irregularities are formed.

The antiglare layer 30 thus obtained is laminated on one side of the linear polarizer described above with the surface subjected to the shaping treatment (antiglare surface) as the outside, that is, the side not facing the linear polarizer 20, the other side of the linear polarizer, as described also above, n _x, when the n _y and n _z was defined above, first position having a relationship n _x> n _y ≧ n _z retardation film and / or the second by laminating a retardation film having a relation of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} , is an anti-glare polarizing film laminate 40 as an example in FIGS. 2 and 3 The For the lamination, an adhesive having excellent transparency such as an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is advantageously used.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[Example 1]
(A) Production of mold The surface of an aluminum roll (A5056 by JIS) having a diameter of 300 mm was mirror-polished. On the outer surface of the mirror-polished aluminum roll obtained, using a blasting device (obtained from Fuji Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), the zirconia beads “TZ-SX-17” (trade name, average particle diameter) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation 20 μm) was blasted at a blast pressure of 0.1 MPa (gauge pressure, the same shall apply hereinafter) to give irregularities to the surface. The obtained uneven aluminum roll was subjected to electroless bright nickel plating to produce a metal mold. The plating thickness was set to 12 μm, and after plating, the plating thickness was measured using a β-ray film thickness measuring instrument (trade name “Fischer Scope MMS”, obtained from Fisher Instruments Co., Ltd.) and found to be 12.3 μm. It was.

(B) Production of antiglare film A photocurable resin composition “GRANDIC 806T” (trade name) manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc. was dissolved in ethyl acetate to obtain a 50% by weight solution. A photopolymerization initiator “Lucirin TPO” (manufactured by BASF, chemical name: 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide) was added in an amount of 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the curable resin component, and the coating solution Was prepared. This coating solution was applied onto a triacetylcellulose (TAC) film having a thickness of 80 μm so that the coating thickness after drying was 5 μm, and dried in a drier set at 60 ° C. for 3 minutes. The dried film was adhered to the concavo-convex surface of the metal mold produced above with a rubber roll so that the photocurable resin composition layer was on the nickel plating layer side. In this state, the photocurable resin composition layer was cured by irradiating light from a high-pressure mercury lamp having an intensity of 20 mW / cm ² from the TAC film side so that the amount of light in terms of h-line was 200 mJ / cm ² . Thereafter, the TAC film was peeled from the mold together with the cured resin to produce a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of the cured resin having irregularities on the surface and the TAC film.

   The haze of the anti-glare film was measured using a haze meter “HM-150” manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd. based on JIS K 7136 and found to be 0.9%. In order to prevent warpage, the sample was subjected to measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the uneven surface becomes the surface.

The transmission sharpness was measured using an image clarity measuring device “ICM-1DP” manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd. in accordance with JIS K 7105. In measurement, in order to prevent the sample from warping, it was subjected to measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive so that the concavo-convex surface became the surface. In this state, light was incident from the back side of the sample (antiglare film), and measurement was performed. The results were as follows.

Transmission clarity
Optical comb with a width of 0.125 mm: 31.2%
Optical comb with a width of 0.5 mm: 27.9%
1.0 mm wide optical comb: 32.1%
Optical comb with a width of 2.0 mm: 57.0%
Total: 148.2%

  The reflection definition was measured using the same image clarity measuring device “ICM-1DP” as above. In measurement, in order to prevent the sample from warping, it was subjected to measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent adhesive so that the concavo-convex surface became the surface. In addition, in order to prevent reflection from the back glass surface, a 2 mm thick black acrylic resin plate is adhered to the glass surface of the glass plate on which the antiglare film is pasted, and the sample (antiglare film in this state) is attached. ) Side to measure the light. The results were as follows.

Optical comb with a reflection definition width of 0.125 mm: 3.2% (not included in the total value)
Optical comb with a width of 0.5 mm: 1.5%
Optical comb with a width of 1.0 mm: 5.4%
2.0 mm wide optical comb: 14.8%
Total optical comb value of 0.5 mm or more: 21.7%

  Further, the reflectivity is obtained by irradiating the uneven surface of the antiglare film with parallel light from a He-Ne laser from a direction inclined by 30 ° with respect to the film normal, and in a plane including the film normal and the irradiation direction. Measurement of the change in angle was performed. For the measurement of reflectance, both “3292 03 Optical Power Sensor” and “3292 Optical Power Meter” manufactured by Yokogawa Electric Corporation were used. As a result, R (30) = 0.374%, R (40) = 0.00064%, and R (60) / R (30) = 0.00010.

The surface shape of the antiglare film was measured using a confocal microscope “PLμ2300” manufactured by Sensofar. In measurement, in order to prevent the sample from warping, it was subjected to measurement after being bonded to a glass substrate using an optically transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the uneven surface becomes the surface. The magnification of the objective lens was 50 times. Based on the measurement data, the calculation was performed based on the above-described algorithm, and the average area of the Voronoi polygon was determined to be 582 μm ² . Further, from the three-dimensional coordinate information, it was confirmed that the entire surface was fine irregularities and no flat portion was present.

  The above-described mold production conditions, optical characteristics, and surface shape (average area of Voronoi polygons) are summarized in Table 1.

  Further, based on the three-dimensional coordinates obtained by the above surface shape measurement, the number of vertices of the convex portion in the region of 200 μm × 200 μm, the arithmetic average height Pa and the maximum sectional height Pt of the sectional curve, and The peak position of the altitude histogram was calculated and the results are shown in Table 2.

(C) Preparation of polarizing film laminate The following polarizing plate and retardation plate were prepared.

  Polarizing plate: Trade name “Sumikaran SRW842A” (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.): A polyvinyl alcohol-iodine linearly polarizing film having a protective film made of triacetylcellulose adhered to both sides.

Uniaxially drawn retardation plate: cyclic polyolefin resin to a uniaxial stretching products [trade name "ARTON", JSR (Ltd.)], R ₀ = 100nm, those _{R th = 50nm (n x>} n y ≒ n _z ).

Biaxially oriented retardation plate: cyclic polyolefin resin to a biaxial stretching products [trade name "ARTON", JSR (Ltd.)], R ₀ = 0nm, that of _{R th = 110nm (n x ≒} n y > _Nz ).

  The upper polarizing plate “Sumikaran SRW842A” and the uniaxially stretched phase difference plate are bonded via an adhesive so that the former transmission axis and the latter slow axis are parallel, and further on the polarizing plate side, The antiglare film obtained in (b) was bonded so that the concavo-convex surface was on the outside, to produce an antiglare polarizing film laminate. Further, the above polarizing plate “Sumikaran SRW842A” and the biaxially stretched phase difference plate were bonded together through an adhesive, to produce a polarizing film laminate having no antiglare layer.

(D) Production and Evaluation of Liquid Crystal Display Device The front and back polarizing plates were peeled from a monitor for a personal computer on which a commercially available liquid crystal display element in a vertical alignment mode was mounted. Instead of these original polarizing plates, on the display surface side, the anti-glare polarizing film laminate produced in (c) above is used so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate matches the transmission axis direction of the original polarizing plate. The uniaxially stretched phase difference plate is bonded via an adhesive, and on the back side, the polarizing film laminate without the antiglare layer prepared in (c) above is used. It was bonded via an adhesive on the biaxially stretched phase difference plate side so as to coincide with the transmission axis direction of the plate. Thus, a liquid crystal display device with an antiglare layer was produced.

  The personal computer was started in the dark room, and the brightness of the liquid crystal display device in the black display state and the white display state was measured using a luminance meter “BM5A” manufactured by Topcon Corporation, and the contrast was calculated. Here, the contrast is represented by the ratio of the luminance in the white display state to the luminance in the black display state. As a result, the contrast in the dark room was 909. Next, this evaluation system was moved into a bright room, and the reflection state was visually observed as a black display state. As a result, almost no reflection was observed, and it was confirmed that this liquid crystal display device had a good antiglare property. The evaluation results are summarized in Table 3.

[Examples 2-3]
The plating thickness was changed as shown in Table 1, and a metal mold having irregularities on the surface was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above. Using each mold, a transparent antiglare film comprising a laminate of a cured resin having irregularities on the surface and a TAC film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the optical characteristics and surface shape (average area of Voronoi polygons) of the obtained antiglare film. For each film, the number of convex vertices, the arithmetic mean height Pa and the maximum cross-sectional height Pt of the cross-sectional curve, and the peak position of the altitude histogram were determined in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2. Indicated. Furthermore, using these films, a liquid crystal display device with an antiglare layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the contrast and antiglare properties were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[Comparative Examples 1-5]
As a comparative example, it is used as an anti-glare film for the polarizing plate “Sumikaran” sold by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., and the anti-glare films “AG1”, “AG3”, “ The optical properties of AG5 "," AG6 ", and" AG8 "(respectively, Comparative Examples 1 to 5) and the average area of Voronoi polygons are shown in Table 1 together with the results of Examples 1 to 3. For these films, based on the three-dimensional coordinates obtained when calculating the average area of the Voronoi polygon, the number of vertices of the convex portion, the arithmetic average height Pa of the cross-sectional curve, and the maximum cross-sectional height Pt The peak position of the altitude histogram was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2 together with the results of Examples 1-3. Furthermore, using these antiglare films, a liquid crystal display device with an antiglare layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the contrast and antiglare properties were evaluated, and the results are shown together with the results of Examples 1 to 3. It was shown in 3.

  As shown in Table 1 and Table 3, the samples of Examples 1 to 3 whose haze, reflection profile, and surface shape satisfy the provisions of the present invention exhibit excellent antiglare properties (no reflection) and high contrast. The visibility was excellent. Also, the degree of glare and whitishness was low.

On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, R (30) is 2% or less, R (40) is 0.003% or less, and R (60) / R (30) is 0.001 or less. Therefore, no whitening was seen. However, since the average area of the Voronoi polygon exceeded 1500 μm ² , glare occurred. Furthermore, as a result of producing an anti-glare polarizing film laminate from the anti-glare film of the comparative example and applying it to a liquid crystal display device, as shown in Table 3, the contrasts in the comparative examples 1 and 2 are 896 and 890, respectively. However, it was confirmed that the antiglare performance was insufficient and the visibility was poor. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 3 to 5, R (40) exceeds 0.003%, and R (60) / R (30) exceeds 0.001, so that it is more than the sample of the present invention. It was white. Furthermore, since haze was high, as shown in Table 3, there was a tendency for contrast to decrease.

It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the example of the liquid crystal display device which concerns on this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the example of the anti-glare polarizing film laminated body which concerns on this invention. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows another example of the anti-glare polarizing film laminated body which concerns on this invention. It is the perspective view which showed typically the incident direction and reflection direction of the light with respect to a glare-proof layer. It is an example of the graph which plotted the reflection angle and reflectance (a reflectance is a logarithmic scale) of the reflected light with respect to the light which injected at an angle of 30 degrees from the normal line of the glare-proof layer. It is the perspective view which showed typically the algorithm of the convex part determination of an anti-glare film. It is a Voronoi figure which shows an example when performing Voronoi division | segmentation by using the convex-part vertex of an anti-glare film as a base point. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the preferable form for obtaining a glare-proof layer for every process. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the state which polished the surface after electroless nickel plating.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Liquid crystal cell,
11, 12 ... cell substrate,
14, 15 ... Electrodes,
17 …… Liquid crystal layer,
20 …… (Front side) Linear polarizer,
21 ...... Back side linear polarizer,
25 ... retardation plate,
26 ...... n _x> n retardation plate having a relationship of _y ≧ n _z (first retardation plate),
27 ...... n _x ≒ n _y> retardation plate having a relationship of n _z (second retardation plate),
30 …… Anti-glare layer,
32 …… Transparent substrate film,
33 …… Ionizing radiation curable resin or its cured product,
35 …… Film normal,
36 …… Incoming ray direction,
37 …… Specular reflection direction,
38 …… Any reflection direction,
39... Surface including incident light direction and film normal direction,
θ ...... reflection angle,
40. Antiglare polarizing film laminate according to the present invention,
41 …… Other anti-glare polarizing film laminate,
50 …… Back side polarizing film laminate,
60 …… Adhesive,
70 …… Backlight,
81 …… Metal substrate,
82 …… Polished surface,
83 ...... concave surface formed by hitting fine particles,
84 ... Nickel plating layer,
86 …… Uneven surface remaining after plating,
89 …… A flat surface generated when the surface after plating is polished,
91 …… Any point on the antiglare film,
92 …… Anti-glare film surface,
93 …… Film reference plane,
94 …… A projected circle of a circle centered at an arbitrary point on the antiglare film on the film reference plane,
95 …… Projection point of convex part vertex (Voronoi division mother point),
96 …… Voronoi polygon,
97 …… A Voronoi polygon that touches the measurement field boundary that does not count to the average value.

Claims (9)

A liquid crystal cell having two cell substrates and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between them and aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the substrate in the vicinity of the substrate when no voltage is applied;
A pair of linear polarizers arranged on the outer sides of the two cell substrates across the liquid crystal cell, and
Disposed between one of the cell substrate and the linear polarizer, the main refractive index in the film plane n _x and n _y, the refractive index in the thickness direction is taken as _{n z, n x> n y} ≧ a first retardation plate having an _nz relationship and having a slow axis substantially parallel or orthogonal to a transmission axis of an adjacent linear polarizer,
Between the first retardation plate and the cell substrate or between the other cell substrate and the linear polarizer facing it, the main refractive index in the film plane is _nx and _ny , and the refractive index in the thickness direction is n. when is _z, the second phase difference plate having a relationship of n _x ≒ n _y> n _z are arranged,
Furthermore, on the side opposite to the surface of either one of the linear polarizers facing the liquid crystal cell, the haze for vertical incident light is 0.4% or more and 2.3% or less , and the width of the dark part and the bright part is 0.5 mm. , 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm using three types of optical combs, the total reflection sharpness measured at a light incident angle of 45 ° is 50% or less, and for light incident at an incident angle of 30 ° The reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.003% or less, and the reflectance in an arbitrary direction with a reflection angle of 60 ° or more. As R (60 or more), the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is 0.001 or less, and it is formed when the surface is subjected to Voronoi division with the vertex of the convex portion of the surface unevenness as the base point. An antiglare layer having an average area of a polygon of 372 μm ² or more and 582 μm ² or less. A liquid crystal display device characterized by being arranged.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second retardation plate is disposed between the cell substrate opposite to the side on which the first retardation plate is disposed and the linear polarizer facing the cell substrate.   The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the second retardation plate is disposed between the first retardation plate and the cell substrate. Antiglare layer, linear polarizer and retardation plate are laminated in this order,
The antiglare layer has a haze of 0.4% or more and 2.3% or less with respect to vertically incident light,
The total reflection sharpness measured at a light incident angle of 45 ° using three types of optical combs having a dark part and a bright part width of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm is 50% or less,
For light incident at an incident angle of 30 °, the reflectance R (30) at a reflection angle of 30 ° is 2% or less, the reflectance R (40) at a reflection angle of 40 ° is 0.003% or less, and a reflection angle of 60 The reflectance in an arbitrary direction not less than ° is R (60 or more), and the value of R (60 or more) / R (30) is 0.001 or less. The average area of the polygon formed when the surface is divided by Voronoi is 372 μm ² or more and 582 μm ² or less ,
The retardation plate is a main refractive index in the film plane n _x and n _y, the refractive index in the thickness direction is taken as n _z, a first position having a relationship n _x> n _y ≧ n _z retardation plate, and the second is composed of at least one layer selected from the phase difference plate having a relationship of _{n x ≒ n y> n z} , when a first retardation plate, the slow axis, a straight line An anti-glare polarizing film laminate, which is disposed so as to have a substantially parallel relationship or a substantially orthogonal relationship with a transmission axis of a polarizer. Retardation plate is a first phase difference plate one having a relation of _{n x> n y ≧ n z} , such that its slow axis is substantially parallel relationship or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer The anti-glare polarizing film laminate according to claim 4 , which is disposed on the substrate. Retarder, n _x ≒ n _y> is a second one retardation plate having a relationship of n _z, antiglare polarizing film laminate according to claim 4. Retardation plate is a laminate of the second retardation plate having a relationship of n _x> n first retardation plate having a relationship of _y ≧ n _z and _{n x ≒ n y> n z} , the 5. The prevention according to claim 4 , wherein one retardation plate faces the linear polarizer and the slow axis thereof is disposed so as to be substantially parallel or substantially orthogonal to the transmission axis of the linear polarizer. Dazzling polarizing film laminate. The antiglare layer is formed by bumping fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 35 μm on the polished metal surface, and electroless nickel plating is applied to the metal uneven surface to form a mold. transferring the surface the transparent resin film and then formed a transparent resin film having uneven surface is transferred with the resin film having fine irregularities obtained by peeling off from the mold, according to any one of claims 4-7 Antiglare polarizing film laminate. The antiglare polarizing film laminate according to claim 8 , wherein the transparent resin film is an ultraviolet curable resin or a thermoplastic resin.