JP4925948B2 - Tunnel expansion excavator and tunnel construction method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tunnel expansion excavator for expanding excavation of a natural ground outside the tunnel from the inside of the tunnel, and the tunnel expansion excavator using the tunnel expansion excavator so as to surround a tunnel construction section such as a large-diameter road branch. The present invention relates to a tunnel construction method for excavating natural ground between roof shield tunnels that have been excavated and connecting shield structures such as reinforced concrete in the excavation part to protect the face of the tunnel construction part.

A drilling device that excavates and crushes the inner wall from the tunnel that has been excavated and lined is disclosed in Patent Document 1, and a boom cutter excavator capable of expanding and excavating the tunnel is proposed in Patent Document 2.
In Patent Document 1, a swivel base is disposed on a movable carriage so as to be movable along a rail laid in a tunnel, and an arm that can swing up and down is disposed on the swivel base via a boom that can be raised and lowered. A rotary cutter is provided at the tip of the arm.

In Patent Document 2, a turret base is arranged on a cart body having a crawler type traveling device so that the turret base can be tilted in a vertical direction through a slide base that is slidable in the front-rear direction. The rotary cutter is provided so as to be movable, and a rotary cutter is provided at a retractable portion provided on the boom so as to be freely retractable.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-116597 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-4989

  However, in Patent Document 1, although the moving carriage can easily move in the axial direction of the tunnel, it is not suitable for excavation of an external ground because the moving stroke for moving the cutter in and out of the tunnel cannot be secured sufficiently. It is.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, the cutter is moved in and out in the excavation direction by moving in and out by a retracting beam and moving by a crawler type traveling device. For this reason, in a limited space in the tunnel, there is a small range in which the crawler type traveling device can move in the tunnel crossing direction, and there is a problem that a sufficient stroke of the cutter cannot be secured.

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and can sufficiently secure a drilling stroke for moving the drilling head in and out of the tunnel, and can be configured simply, and can be accommodated movably in a limited tunnel space. An object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator and a tunnel method using the tunnel extension excavator.

  The tunnel expansion excavator according to claim 1 is a tunnel expansion excavator for excavating an external ground from inside the tunnel, the movement guide member installed along the tunnel axial direction on the tunnel inner wall, A base frame that is movable by being guided by a moving guide member, a rotary excavation head that excavates natural ground, and a plurality of intervening media that are interposed between the base frame and the excavation head to move the excavation head in and out of the tunnel. And a swinging function for swinging the excavation head in the tunnel circumferential direction is provided in one of the retracting mechanisms.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a tunnel expansion excavating apparatus in which the head rocking mechanism for rocking the excavation head in the axial direction of the tunnel is provided at the base end of the excavation head.

  The excavating apparatus for tunnel expansion according to claim 3 is the construction according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the exit / exit mechanism is guided by an exit / exit guide installed in the base frame in the direction transverse to the tunnel to project the movable base member. A first retracting / retracting mechanism for retracting, a retracting / retracting frame supported by the movable base member so as to be swingable about an axis parallel to the tunnel axis, and retracting / extracting the excavation head; A second retracting mechanism including a circumferential swing frame supported on the free end of the shaft so as to be swingable about an axis parallel to the tunnel axis and swinging the excavation head in the circumferential direction; It comprises a third exit / exit mechanism that is interposed between the moving frame and the excavation head and retracts the excavation head.

  The excavating apparatus for tunnel expansion according to claim 4 is the configuration according to claim 3, wherein the second retracting mechanism is a circumferential swing drive device connected between the movable base member and the circumferential swing frame. And a swing-back drive device that is connected between the movable base member and the swing-out swing frame, and the circumferential swing drive device and the movable base member from the swing center of the swing-out swing frame. And the distance from the swing center of the circumferential swing frame to the connection portion between the circumferential swing drive device and the circumferential swing frame are set equal, and the circumferential swing By making the expansion / contraction length of the drive device equal to the distance between the swing center of the retractable swing frame and the swing center of the circumferential swing frame, the swing center of the retractable swing frame and the circumferential swing frame The two connecting portions of the swing center and the circumferential swing drive device are connected points. That the parallel link is formed by stretching the projecting and retracting the swing drive system, but configured to projecting and retracting make parallel orientation drilling head and a third projecting and retracting mechanism.

  The tunnel expansion excavator according to claim 5 is the configuration according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the movement guide members are respectively supported by reinforcing members installed on an inner wall of the tunnel, and the tunnel of the base frame The arrangement angle in the cross section can be arbitrarily selected.

  The tunnel construction method according to claim 6 is configured such that the tunnel expansion excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is disposed in a plurality of tunnels excavated at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral portion of the tunnel construction portion. Then, a connecting structure is installed in the excavation part of the natural ground between tunnels excavated by the excavator for tunnel expansion, and the tunnels are connected to each other to construct a roof shield tip receiving work surrounding the tunnel construction part.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, a sufficient excavation stroke can be ensured by the plurality of exit / retreat mechanisms, and the excavation head can be moved in the tunnel transverse direction by providing a swing function in one of the exit / retreat mechanisms. At the same time, the rocks are swung in the circumferential direction of the tunnel to enable excavation of a wide range of ground, and can be configured more simply and accommodated in the tunnel space.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the head rocking mechanism enables excavation of the back side of the tunnel inner wall and the like, and the excavation part can be expanded.
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the first to third withdrawal / retreat mechanisms for moving the excavation head in and out of the tunnel are provided, and the second withdrawal / retreat mechanism swings the excavation head in the tunnel circumferential direction. Since the function is provided, the excavation head can be excavated with a large stroke in the tunnel crossing direction from the limited tunnel space, and the excavation can be expanded in the tunnel circumferential direction.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the parallel link mechanism can be formed by using the circumferential swing frame and the circumferential swing drive device, and the excavation head is connected to the excavation head through the parallel link mechanism by the retracting and swinging drive device. And the third exit / exit mechanism can be withdrawn and exited in a parallel state. Therefore, the two swinging frames and the respective retracting / retracting drive devices can have a retracting function and a swinging function by the parallel link mechanism, and various operations are possible with a simple structure.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the base frame can be installed at an arbitrary angle, it is possible to arbitrarily select an angle at which the excavation head moves in and out of the tunnel in the tunnel crossing direction.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to easily form the excavation part from the tunnel to the adjacent tunnel by using the tunnel expansion excavation device having the above configuration, and to efficiently form the roof shield tip receiving work. it can.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Embodiment 1]
This tunnel expansion excavator is used, for example, in the tunnel method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-70530. In this tunnel construction method, as shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of roof shield tunnels (hereinafter referred to as tunnels) T are arranged in parallel so as to surround a tunnel construction part A such as a branch part of a main tunnel a1 and a branch tunnel a2. After excavating the tunnel T and forming a soil improvement part M in which the ground between the adjacent tunnels T is frozen, the soil improvement part M of the natural ground is expanded from the tunnel T, and this excavation part Assembling a stiffening frame B or placing reinforced concrete C to construct a connecting structure, forming a roof shield tip R surrounding the tunnel construction part A to protect the face in the tunnel construction part A is there.

  Inside the tunnel T, an inner wall 1 made of segments and the like is formed along the natural ground, and reinforcing beams (reinforcing members) 2 are respectively installed on the left and right side surfaces facing the adjacent tunnel T in the inner wall 1. Then, excavation openings 1a are formed in the inner wall 1 outside the reinforcing beam 2. The excavation openings 1a are normally provided so that the separation walls can be detached, and the separation walls are removed during the extended excavation. Further, a tunnel expanding excavator according to the present invention is movably disposed between the reinforcing beams 2. The reinforcing beams 2 are installed on the left and right side surfaces, respectively, but may be integrated or may be composed of three or more.

  That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, moving rails (moving guide members) 3 are respectively installed along the tunnel axis O direction below the left and right reinforcing beams 2. The excavator for tunnel expansion includes a base frame 10 that is movable by being guided by a moving rail 3, a slide-type first retracting mechanism 11 disposed on the base frame 10, and two swing frames 32, 35. A swing-type second exit / exit mechanism 12 that has both the exit / retreat in the tunnel transverse direction and the swing in the tunnel circumferential direction, a slide-type third exit / exit mechanism 13, and a rotation for excavating natural ground And a head rocking mechanism 14 capable of rocking the drilling head 15 in the tunnel axis O direction.

  The base frame 10 is supported on the moving rail 3 so as to be movable along the tunnel axis O via a slide member 4 such as a thrust bearing. Although not shown, the moving device for moving the base frame 10 employs a pulling mechanism such as a winch or a push / pull mechanism such as a hydraulic jack.

  Although the figure shows the base frame 10 in the horizontal direction, when the excavation direction toward the adjacent tunnel T is an up-down direction or an oblique direction, the base frame 10 is in a vertical posture or an inclined posture.

  The first withdrawing / retracting mechanism 11 simply refers to the base frame 10 with respect to the excavation direction of the excavation head 15 along the tunnel transverse direction (hereinafter referred to as “exit / withdrawal direction of the excavation head 15 along the tunnel transverse direction”). The slide base member (movable base member) 22 is slidably disposed on the three slide rails (exit / withdrawal guides) 21 disposed on the slide base member 22a, and is inserted into the slide base member 22. The two slide jacks 23 are used to drive the slide base member 22 (excavation head 15) in the range of the first extension / retraction stroke S1 (FIG. 9). The jack body 23a of the slide jack 23 is connected to the slide base member 22 via the pin 23c, and the output rod is connected to the reaction force support member 24 provided at the rear part of the base frame 10 via the pin 23d. ing.

The slide base member 22 includes a base bracket 31 at the front part in the retracting direction, and three base brackets 31 are arranged at a predetermined interval in the tunnel axis O direction.
The second advancing / retracting mechanism 12 is supported on the base bracket 31 of the slide base member 22 through a first support pin 33 parallel to the tunnel axis O, so that the advancing / retracting frame 32 can swing freely. A jack body 34a of two exit / retraction swing jacks (retraction / retraction swing drive device) 34 that swings the retract swing frame 32 is rotatably supported by the slide base member 22 via a pin 34c, and output. The rod is connected to the rear middle position of the first swing frame 32 via a pin 34d. A circumferential swing frame 35 is swingably supported on the free end portion of the retractable swing frame 32 via a second support pin 36 parallel to the tunnel axis O. A circumferential rocking jack (circumferential rocking drive device) 37 that rocks the free end portion of the circumferential rocking frame 35 in the tunnel circumferential direction is connected to the reaction force receiving portion 31a of the central base bracket 31 and the circumferential direction. It is provided between the swing frame 35. The jack body 37a of the circumferential swing jack 37 is supported by the reaction force receiving portion 31a via a pin (connecting portion) 37c, and the output rod 37b is connected to the free end side of the arm swing frame 35 by a pin (connecting portion) 37d. It is connected through.

  Moreover, in the 2nd withdrawal / retreat mechanism 12, the parallel link 16 can be formed, and the withdrawal guide cylinder 41 and the excavation head 15 can be withdrawn in the front-rear direction while being held in a horizontal posture. 1B, the distance Lu between the second support pin 36 and the pin 37d of the circumferential jack 37 and the distance Ld between the first support pin 33 and the pin 37c of the circumferential jack 37 are as follows. The length of expansion and contraction of the circumferential jack 37, that is, the distance Lf between the pin 37d and the pin 37c of the circumferential jack 37 is set equal to the distance Lr between the second support pin 36 and the first support pin 33. Thus, the parallel link 16 can be formed between the first and second support pins 33 and 36 and the pins 37d and 37c of the circumferential jack 37.

  Therefore, by extending and retracting the retractable swinging jack 34 with the parallel link 16 formed, the retractable guide cylinder 41 is held in a horizontal posture around the first support pin 33 and the pin 37c of the circumferential jack 37. However, the excavation head 15 can be moved back and forth in the range of the second retracting stroke S2 (FIG. 6) in the front-rear direction. Further, the circumferential rocking frame 35 is rocked by the circumferential rocking jack 37, and the swinging angle θ (see FIG. 7) of the exit / retreat guide tube 41 (excavation head 15) in the tunnel circumferential direction around the second support pin 36. ).

  The third advancing / retracting mechanism 13 includes an advancing / withdrawing guide cylinder 41 attached to the free end portion of the circumferential swing frame 35 in the advancing / withdrawing direction, and a retracting / retracting beam slidably fitted to the advancing / withdrawing guide cylinder 41 42 and a head extension / retraction jack 43 connected between the exit / retraction guide tube 41 and the exit / retraction beam 42 to move the exit / retraction beam 42. It is possible to move in / out within the range of the third exit / retreat stroke S3 (FIG. 7). The head withdrawing / retracting jack 43 is disposed at the rear part in the withdrawing / withdrawing direction in the withdrawing / withdrawing guide cylinder 41, the jack body 43a is connected to the rear end of the withdrawing / withdrawing guide cylinder 41 via the pin 43c, and the output rod is a pin It is connected to the rear end of the exit / exit beam 42 through 43d.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the head swing mechanism 14 is supported at the front part of the exit / retreat beam 42 so that the excavation head 15 can swing through a tunnel axis O and a swing shaft 44 orthogonal to the retracting direction. A pair of head swing jacks 45 are provided for swinging the excavation head 15 around the swing shaft 44 in the range of the swing angle γ in the tunnel axis O direction. The head swinging jack 45 is disposed on both sides of the swinging shaft 44, the jack body 45 a is supported by the retractable cylinder 42 via the pin 45 c, and the output rod 45 b is pinned to the base end of the excavation head 15. It is connected via 45d.

  The excavation head 15 includes a head frame 51 that is swingably supported by the retractable beam 42 via a swing shaft 44, and a hydraulic or electric cutter rotation driving device 52 provided on the head frame 51. The rotary cutter 54 is rotatably supported by the head frame 51 via a bearing and connected to the output shaft of the cutter rotation driving device 52 via a cutter shaft 53.

  The rotary cutter 54 is formed in a cylindrical shape on the same axis as the cutter shaft 53, and a plurality of front bits 62 are respectively attached to a plurality of radial frames 61 provided radially on the front surface. A plurality of peripheral bits 64 are attached to a spiral frame 63 extending in a spiral direction along the outer peripheral surface from the portion. The front bit 62 and the peripheral bit 64 can excavate natural ground in the protruding direction and the swinging direction, respectively.

A tunnel construction method using the tunnel expansion excavator having the above-described configuration will be described.
In tunnel construction section A, a small-diameter shield machine is started from one of main tunnel a1 and branch tunnel a2, and a plurality of tunnels T are dug in parallel so as to surround construction section A, and inner wall 1 is placed in tunnel T. Form. Further, a reinforcing beam 2 is installed at a position facing the adjacent tunnel T in the inner wall 1, and a moving rail 3 is laid on the reinforcing beam 2 along the tunnel axis O direction.

  As shown in FIG. 5, a tunnel expansion excavator is arranged on the moving rail 3 and moved to the excavation position. When moved to the excavation position, the base frame 10 is fixed, and the excavation head 15 is rotationally driven with the parallel link 16 formed as shown in FIG. The excavation head 15 is projected forward by the second excavation stroke S2 while the jack 34 is extended to hold the exit / exit guide cylinder 41 in a horizontal posture, and the natural ground is expanded and excavated from the excavation opening 1a of the inner wall 1.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 7, the circumferential swing jack 37 is expanded and contracted to swing the excavation head 15 within the range of the swing angle θ, and the excavation part is expanded in the tunnel circumferential direction. Further, the head exit / retreat jack 43 is extended so that the excavation head 15 protrudes forward by the third excavation stroke S3 to expand the excavation part. Here, the inner wall 1 and the back side of the reinforcing beam 2 are excavated by expanding and contracting the head swing jack 45 of the head swing mechanism 14 to swing the excavation head 15.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 8, while the excavation head 15 is swung in the circumferential direction of the tunnel, the slide jack 23 is further extended to move the excavation head 15 forward by a predetermined amount S1 ′ of the first excavation stroke S1 to the excavation limit. Let the extended drilling.

  Next, the excavation head 15 is retracted to the initial position shown in FIG. 5, the base frame 10 is moved to the next excavation position by a moving device (not shown), and the excavation part is sequentially expanded in the direction of the tunnel axis O in the same procedure. .

Further, after the excavation part is expanded, the stiffening frame B is assembled to the excavation part, and further a reinforced concrete C is cast to form a connection structure, thereby constructing the roof shield receiving work R.
According to the above-described embodiment, the first to third withdrawal / retraction strokes (S1 + S2 + S3) of the excavation head 15 are sufficiently provided in the tunnel transverse direction by the first to third withdrawal / retraction mechanisms 11 to 13 installed in the upper and lower three stages. Further, the rocking function of the second retracting mechanism 12 allows the excavation head 15 to rock in the circumferential direction of the tunnel within the rocking angle θ, thereby enabling wide range excavation. Since it is configured to move in the direction of the tunnel axis O via the moving rail 3 in this way, the entire structure can be simplified and miniaturized without the need for a turning mechanism, and limited in the cross section of the tunnel. It can be accommodated in a space.

Further, the head swinging mechanism 14 enables excavation of the inner wall 1 of the tunnel T and the back side of the reinforcing beam 2, and the excavation part can be effectively expanded.
Further, the parallel link mechanism 16 can be formed by using the circumferential swing frame 35 and the circumferential swing drive jack 37, and the excavation head 15 and the second link mechanism 16 can be connected to the excavation head 15 via the parallel link mechanism 16. The exit / withdrawal guide cylinder 41 having the 3 exit / exit mechanism 13 inserted therein can be withdrawn / withdrawn in a parallel state. Accordingly, the two swing frames 33 and 35 and the respective retracting drive jacks 34 and 37 can have both the retracting function and the swinging function of the parallel link mechanism 16, and various structures with a simple structure. Operation is possible.

  Furthermore, the base frame 10 is arbitrarily arranged so that the moving beam 3 is provided on the reinforcing beam 2 arranged opposite to the adjacent tunnel T so that the excavation head 15 can be moved back and forth in the direction crossing the tunnel toward the adjacent tunnel T. Therefore, the degree of freedom of work is high and the excavation direction can be freely selected.

  Furthermore, by using a tunnel expansion excavator for this tunnel construction method, an excavation part from the tunnel T to the adjacent tunnel T can be easily formed, and a roof shield tip construction can be efficiently formed. it can.

  In the present embodiment, the excavation part of the roof shield receiving construction has been described. However, it can also be used to form an extension part such as a standby route from a single-line tunnel.

(A) And (b) is a side view which shows embodiment of the excavation apparatus for tunnel expansion which concerns on this invention, (a) shows the structure of an apparatus, (b) shows a parallel link. It is a front view of the excavator for tunnel expansion. It is a top view which shows an excavation head and a head rocking | fluctuation mechanism. It is explanatory drawing of a roof shield tip receiving construction, (a) is a schematic front view, (b) is the A section enlarged view shown to (a). It is a side view of the excavator for tunnel expansion in a tunnel construction method. It is a side view explaining the withdrawal operation of the 2nd withdrawal mechanism. It is a side view explaining the rocking | fluctuation operation | movement of a 2nd withdrawal / exit mechanism. It is a side view explaining the withdrawal operation | movement of a 1st withdrawal mechanism and the rocking | fluctuation operation | movement of a 2nd withdrawal mechanism. It is a side view which shows the maximum excavation state of an excavation stroke.

Explanation of symbols

T tunnel (roof shield tunnel)
A Tunnel construction part R Roof shield receiving work B Stiffening frame C Reinforced concrete O Tunnel axis 1 Inner wall 1a Expansion opening 2 Reinforcement beam (reinforcement material)
3 Moving rail (moving guide member)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Base frame 11 1st exit / exit mechanism 12 2nd exit / exit mechanism 13 3rd exit / exit mechanism 14 Head rocking mechanism 15 Excavation head 16 Parallel link 21 Slide rail (exit / exit guide)
22 Slide base member (movable base member)
23 slide jack 31 base bracket 32 exit / retreat swing frame 33 first support pin 34 exit / return swing jack 35 circumferential swing frame 36 second support pin 37 circumferential swing jack 41 exit / retreat guide tube 42 retract beam 43 Head exit / retreat jack 44 oscillating shaft 45 head oscillating jack 51 head frame 52 cutter rotation drive unit 54 rotation cutter

Claims (6)

A tunnel expansion excavator for excavating an external ground from inside a tunnel,
A movement guide member installed along the tunnel axial direction on the tunnel inner wall;
A base frame that is guided and movable by the movement guide member;
A rotary drilling head for drilling natural ground,
A plurality of exit / exit mechanisms interposed between the base frame and the excavation head and moving the excavation head in and out of the tunnel;
One of the exit / retreat mechanisms is provided with a rocking function for rocking the excavation head in the tunnel circumferential direction. The excavation apparatus for tunnel expansion according to claim 1, wherein a head rocking mechanism for rocking the excavation head in the axial direction of the tunnel is provided at a base end portion of the excavation head. The withdrawal mechanism is
A first exit / exit mechanism that is guided by an exit / exit guide laid on the base frame in the direction crossing the tunnel and retracts the movable base member;
The movable base member is swingably supported around an axis parallel to the tunnel axis, and moves out and withdraws the excavation head. A second retracting mechanism comprising a circumferential swing frame supported swingably around a parallel axis and swinging the excavation head in the circumferential direction;
The tunnel extending excavation device according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a third retracting mechanism that is interposed between the circumferential swing frame and the excavation head and retracts the excavation head. The second retracting mechanism includes a circumferential swing drive device connected between the movable base member and the circumferential swing frame, and a swing swing connected between the movable base member and the retractable swing frame. A dynamic drive device,
The distance from the swing center of the retractable swing frame to the connecting portion between the circumferential swing drive device and the movable base member, and from the swing center of the circumferential swing frame to the circumferential swing drive device and the circumferential direction The distance to the connecting portion with the swing frame is set to be equal, and the expansion / contraction length of the circumferential swing drive device is set to the distance between the swing center of the retracting swing frame and the swing center of the circumferential swing frame. To form a parallel link having two connecting portions of the swing center of the swing frame, the swing center of the circumferential swing frame, and the circumferential swing drive device as a connection point. The excavator for tunnel expansion according to claim 3, wherein the excavating head and the third retracting mechanism are retracted and retracted in a parallel posture by extending and contracting the swing drive device. The movement guide members are respectively supported by reinforcing members installed on the inner wall of the tunnel,
The excavator for tunnel expansion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an arrangement angle of the base frame in a tunnel cross section can be arbitrarily selected. In the plurality of tunnels excavated at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction at the outer peripheral portion of the tunnel construction portion, the tunnel expansion excavation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is disposed,
It is characterized in that a connecting structure is installed in the excavation part of the natural ground between tunnels excavated by the excavator for tunnel expansion, and the tunnels are connected to each other to construct a roof shield receiving work surrounding the tunnel construction part. Tunnel construction method.

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