JP4924577B2 - Seawall structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to seaweeds that are installed on revetments, quay walls or breakwaters such as landfills (collectively these revetments, quay walls and breakwaters are simply referred to as “revetments” in the present specification), The present invention relates to a structure and a revetment structure that provide a suitable place for the growth and inhabiting of aquatic organisms such as fish, crabs, and shrimps, and that can optimize or restore the marine environment.

A variety of creatures such as algae, juvenile fish, crustaceans, and shellfish inhabit the sea in a favorable environment like a natural place. These diverse organisms feed on plankton, and when they die, they are broken down into bacteria and deposited on the ocean floor. Those deposited on the sea floor are fed by benthic organisms, and benthic organisms are also fed by large animals and carried out of the system.
In such an environment where diversity is maintained, the circulation of substances is performed without delay, and the water quality is also good. Sea area environmental purification is performed based on the viewpoint of material circulation without delay by various organisms.

However, the conventional revetment was a vertical wall with no seafood hiding place and unevenness to which shellfish and algae are easily attached. For this reason, there is no seabed, which is the basis of epiphysis, in the depth of light where photosynthesis occurs, not in the environment where the seaweed and aquatic organisms necessary for plant chains can inhabit, the above-mentioned marine environment purification cannot be performed, and marine pollution occurs. It was progressing.
For this reason, in recent years, a revetment has been proposed in which a panel having an uneven shape formed of concrete or the like is attached to a vertical wall of a revetment to provide a place of inhabitation for seafood (see Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-207429 A

However, the revetment disclosed in Patent Document 1 has been devised to devise a shape suitable for the habitat of animals and plants, and no consideration is given to its material, and concrete was used in the embodiment. The only thing was shown.
However, when concrete is installed in water, Ca (OH) ₂ eluted from the concrete raises the pH of the surrounding water, increasing the alkalinity, and adversely affecting the habitat and growth environment of aquatic organisms (animals and plants, microorganisms). There is.
In addition, since concrete has a smooth surface, the fixing power of plants and the like is weak, and even if organisms (plants, animals) are attached, organisms may fall off at once. When organisms fall to the seabed at this time, there is also a problem that they become sludge on the seabed filled with anoxic water masses.
As described above, Patent Document 1 may adversely affect the habitat and growth environment of aquatic organisms, and it cannot be expected to achieve sufficient results to restore the ecosystem in the degraded coastal waters.

  The present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and has high biocompatibility and is suitable for the growth and inhabiting of aquatic organisms, and can establish an ecosystem equivalent to or higher than that of natural coastal reefs. The purpose is to provide a structure and revetment structure that can protect the environment of the bottom and water quality.

(1) A structure according to the present invention is a structure that is installed in a revetment structure and serves as a habitat for aquatic organisms. The structure is a panel-like connection formed by connecting a plurality of massive bodies into a panel shape. A solidified carbonic acid body using steel slag as a main raw material, or a hydrated hardened body using steel slag as a main raw material, or a Ca-containing hydrated hardened body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on the outer surface. It is characterized by being formed.

(2) The revetment structure according to the present invention is a revetment structure in which a structure serving as a habitat for aquatic organisms is installed, and the structure is a panel formed by connecting a plurality of massive bodies into a panel shape. Hydrated hardened body in which the above-mentioned massive body is steel slag as a main raw material, or a hydrated hardened body in which steel slag is a main raw material, or a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface. Formed by the body ,
The panel-like connecting body is installed on the rear wall and the bottom surface of a shelf member having an L-shaped cross section having a front wall installed in the revetment structure,
A revetment structure characterized in that at least a part of the panel-like connecting body is disposed below a water surface position at high tide and above a water surface position at low tide .

(3) In addition, in the above-described (2), the panel-like connecting body is such that a part of the panel-like connecting body is located above the sea level at the time of low tide, and the other part is below the sea level. It is arrange | positioned so that it may be located in.

(4) Further, in the above-described (2) or (3), a sand particle layer made of a sand particle including sand granular slag is provided on the water bottom in the vicinity of the revetment structure. .

(5) Moreover, the thing in any one of said (2)-(4) WHEREIN: The shelf part which protrudes ahead is provided in the water bottom vicinity in a revetment structure, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

(6) Moreover, the thing as described in said (5) WHEREIN: The sand-particle layer which consists of a sand-particle body containing sand-like slag is provided in the shelf part, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

(7) A structure according to the present invention is a structure that is installed on a revetment and serves as a habitat for aquatic organisms, and the structure is formed using slag generated in a steel manufacturing process as a main raw material. It is a feature.

(8) Moreover, the structure of said (7) is characterized by being either a carbonic acid solidified body or a hydration hardening body.

(9) Moreover, it is a structure which is installed in a revetment and becomes a habitat for aquatic organisms, and the structure is formed by a Ca-containing hydrated cured body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least an outer surface. It is a feature.

(10) The structures (7) to (9) are characterized by a box-type box structure having an opening serving as a water entrance / exit and an opening for daylighting. is there.

(11) The structures (7) to (9) are wall-type structures having a plurality of through holes installed in front of the revetment wall surface.

(12) The structures (7) to (9) are wall-type structures in which a plurality of block bodies are arranged with gaps therebetween.

(13) The structures (7) to (9) are panel-like connected bodies formed by connecting a plurality of massive bodies into a panel shape.

(14) A revetment structure according to the present invention is a revetment structure in which the box structure according to (10) is installed, and at least a part of an opening serving as a water entrance / exit in the box structure, It is located below the water surface position at high tide and is positioned above the water surface position at low tide.

(15) The wall-type structure described in (11) or (12) is installed in front of the revetment wall surface.

(16) Further, in the above-described (15), a back-filling material serving as a habitat for aquatic organisms is installed between the wall-type structure and the revetment wall surface.
(17) Further, in the revetment structure in which the panel-like connecting body according to (13) is installed, at least a part of the panel-like connecting body is located below the water surface position at high tide, and at low tide It is arrange | positioned so that it may be located above the water surface position.

(18) Further, the present invention is characterized in that a plate or a lump formed using slag generated in the steel manufacturing process as a main raw material is installed on the front surface of the revetment wall.

(19) Further, the plate or block described in the above (18) is installed stepwise.

(20) Further, the plate body or the block body described in (18) above is provided with a gap provided therebetween.

(21) Further, the plate or block described in the above (18) to (20) is either a carbonate solidified body or a hydrated cured body.

(22) Moreover, the plate or block described in the above (18) to (20) is characterized by comprising a Ca-containing hydrated cured body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface.

(23) Moreover, the upright type revetment structure according to the present invention is characterized by being formed of a carbonate solidified body or a hydrated cured body using slag generated in the steel manufacturing process as a main raw material.

(24) Moreover, the uneven | corrugated | grooved part was formed in the front wall of the revetment structure as described in said (23).

(25) In addition, a sand particle layer made of a sand particle body including sand granular slag is provided on the water bottom in the vicinity of the revetment structure described in (14) to (24) above.

(26) Moreover, the shelf part which protrudes ahead is provided in the water bottom vicinity in the bank protection structure as described in said (14)-(25).

(27) In addition, a sand particle layer made of a sand particle body including sand granular slag is provided on the shelf of (26).

  In the structure and revetment structure of the present invention, since the materials forming them are excellent in biocompatibility, seaweed settlement bases, fishing reefs, nutrient supply (elution) sources, etc., depending on the water depth in which they are placed As a result of these functions, a series of events such as the growth of diatoms and seaweeds, the growth of zooplankton, the emergence of a suitable environment for seafood feeding grounds, hideouts and spawning grounds, and the growth of seafood Can be realized directly or in a chain, and as a result, an ecosystem equivalent to or more than that of a natural coastal reef can be constructed.

[Embodiment 1]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a revetment structure according to the present embodiment, and a revetment structure 5 is configured by installing a box structure 1 on a wall of an upright revetment 3 installed in the ocean. In the present embodiment, a blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 made of blast furnace granulated slag is installed below the box structure 1.
Hereinafter, the box structure 1 and the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 will be described in detail.
1A, 1 </ b> B, and 1 </ b> C show three different modes of arrangement of the box structure 1, and the significance thereof will be described later.

<Box structure>
The box structure 1 is a box-shaped structure having an opening 9 serving as a seawater entrance / exit on the front surface, as shown in FIG. 3 which is a cross section taken along the line AA in FIGS. In this example, the opening 9 has a rectangular shape equal to the front width of the box structure, occupies an area of about 2/3 of the front of the box structure, and a front wall 11 is formed below the opening 9. ing. In this example, the opening 9 also serves as an opening for lighting.
The size of the box structure 1 is not particularly limited. For example, the box structure 1 has a depth of 80 cm, a width of 5 m, and a height of 3 m.
The box structure 1 is manufactured by using steel slag or the like, which will be described later, as a main raw material, and hydrated and hardened or carbonated. However, in this case, reinforcing bars, safety reinforcing bars, cured reinforcing bars, etc. may be added. Good.

As shown in FIG. 1, the box structure 1 has a front wall 11 whose upper end is located below the sea level height (HWL) at high tide (as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (c)). The entire structure may be submerged.) It is arranged to be located above the water surface height (LWL) at low tide. Normally, the box structure 1 is not used alone, but a plurality of box structures 1 are arranged side by side at the same height in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.
Moreover, in order to make the box structure 1 a suitable habitat for aquatic organisms, it is necessary for moderate light to enter the box structure 1, and for that purpose, as shown in FIG. By setting up a little gap below the eaves-like ridge of the upright revetment 3 or by separating it from the sea side wall of the upright revetment 3 to the sea side, as shown in FIG. It is preferable not to be in the shade of eaves.

  As a method for attaching the box structure 1, as shown in FIG. 1, for example, the angle structure 13 may be used to install the box structure 1 at the predetermined height. Of course, the installation method of the box structure 1 may be another method, for example, a concrete block or the like may be stacked below the box structure 1 to provide a frame, and may be installed on the stand. 3 may be suspended.

The materials for forming the box structure 1 include (1) slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as “steel slag”) as the main raw material, and (2) carbonate solidification using steel slag as the main raw material. Body, (3) a hydrated cured body mainly composed of steel slag, and (4) a Ca-containing hydrated cured body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface. These members function as seaweed settlement bases, fish reefs, nutrient supply (elution) sources, and the like.
Hereinafter, each material will be described.

(1) Steel slag Slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as “steel slag”) contains appropriate amounts of iron and silicic acid. Therefore, it is obtained by solidifying steel slag and this by carbonation reaction. From the solidified carbonic acid, nutrient salts such as silicic acid and iron, which are effective for the growth of diatoms and seaweeds, elute into the sea. Therefore, these members (particularly, the solidified body of steel slag) function effectively as a seaweed settlement base.

  As the steel slag, for example, a blast furnace slow-cooled slag generated in a blast furnace (however, this blast furnace slow-cooled slag is preferably sufficiently aged to prevent S from eluting in water), blast furnace granulated slag. Steelmaking slag generated in processes such as hot metal pretreatment, converter decarburization refining, casting, electric furnace refining (hot metal pretreatment slag such as dephosphorization slag, desulfurization slag, desiliconization slag, decarburization slag, casting slag, electric Furnace slag, etc.), ore reduction slag, etc., and two or more of these may be used.

Among these slags, steel slag is particularly preferable, and among these, decarburization slag (converter slag) and dephosphorization slag are particularly suitable. The steel slag is formed into a box shape by an appropriate method after the molten slag is cooled and solidified and then finely crushed by a heavy machine or a crushing plant.
Various types of slag including steelmaking slag may be used after hydration treatment, carbonation treatment, aging treatment, hydration hardening, carbonation hardening, and the like.

(2) Carbonated solid body As the carbonized solid body using steel slag as the main raw material, for example, CaCO ₃ produced by carbonation reaction of a granular raw material using steel slag as the main raw material proposed in Japanese Patent No. 3175694 is proposed. (In some cases, MgCO ₃ ) is further consolidated as a main binder to form a box-shaped box structure. Also, as steel slag, blast furnace granulated slag and blast furnace slow-cooled slag generated in the blast furnace, blast furnace granulated slag, decarburized slag, dephosphorized slag, desulfurized slag generated in processes such as pretreatment, converter and casting, Steelmaking slag such as desiliconized slag and cast slag, ore reduction slag, electric furnace slag, and the like can be used.

In particular, the carbonic acid solidified body using such steel slag as the main raw material changes most of CaO (or Ca (OH) ₂ generated from CaO) contained in the slag into CaCO ₃ . It is possible to prevent pH increase, and because the entire surface (inside and inside) has a fine porous property of submillimeters or less, seaweeds are likely to adhere to the surface and are effective in promoting the growth of seaweeds (silicic acid). And iron, etc.) are easily eluted into seawater, and function particularly effectively as a seaweed settlement base.

(3) Hydrated cured body,
The hydrated and hardened body using steel slag as the main raw material is obtained by hydrating and hardening a raw material containing steel slag as the main raw material (aggregate and / or binder). Various types of slag, that is, blast furnace granulated slag generated in a blast furnace, dephosphorization slag, desulfurization slag, desiliconization slag, steelmaking slag such as cast slag, ore reduction slag, electric furnace slag, and the like can be used.
The box structure by the hydrated cured body is produced by kneading the raw material with water and then putting it in a mold and curing it for 1 to 4 weeks.
In addition to the above-mentioned fine powder of granulated blast furnace slag, the binder used for the hydrated cured body includes silica-containing substances (for example, clay, fly ash, silica sand, silica gel, silica scum), cement, slaked lime, NaOH These may be used in appropriate combinations.

(4) Ca-containing hydrated cured product The Ca-containing hydrated cured product used here is a product in which a calcium carbonate coating layer is formed on at least the outer surface of a Ca-containing hydrated cured product serving as a substrate.
Since a calcium carbonate coating layer is formed on the surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured product, when this is used as a box structure material, the dissolution of Ca (OH) ₂ from the substrate and accompanying this The rise in pH of seawater (especially the seawater in the boundary layer on the substrate surface) can be suppressed, and the seawater layer on the substrate surface can be made an environment suitable for the growth and growth of zoospores and eggs. You can expect the same effect as you did.

Hereinafter, the configuration of the Ca-containing hydrated cured body will be described in detail.
The Ca-containing hydrated cured product referred to here is a product obtained by forming a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured product serving as a base as described above. The Ca-containing hydrated cured body as a base is a Ca-containing binder (cement etc.), aggregate (fine aggregate and / or coarse aggregate), water, admixture blended as necessary. Kneaded and hydrated and hardened, or hydrated and hardened by mixing Ca-containing material having a wide particle size distribution from the binder level to the aggregate level, water, and admixtures blended as necessary. It has been made. The Ca-containing hydrated cured body that is the most common substrate is cement concrete, but is not limited thereto, and examples thereof include FS concrete, eco-cement concrete, and coal ash hydrated cured body (for example, fly ash cement). Concrete) and hydrated hardened bodies mainly made from slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (for example, hydrated hardened bodies blended with hot metal pretreated slag, blast furnace slag fine powder, slaked lime, etc.) Hydrated cured bodies can be targeted.
The cement concrete includes concrete using any cement such as Portland cement and blast furnace cement.

Any method can be used to form a coating layer of calcium carbonate on the outer surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured body as the substrate. Usually, the Ca-containing hydrated cured body as the substrate is formed by carbonation treatment in contact with carbon dioxide gas. Let
In order to efficiently perform the carbonation treatment on the outer surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured product, it is practically essential that water (surface-attached water) is present on the surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured product. It is necessary to attach water to at least the outer surface of the Ca-containing hydrated cured product to be or to impregnate at least the surface with water. That is, the reaction mechanism of Ca-containing hydrated hardened body non carbonated Ca and CO ₂ contained in the surface layer as a substrate in the carbonation process, the CO ₂ in water (surface attachment water) present in the hydrated hardened surface While dissolved, Ca ions are eluted from the hydrated cured body side, and the CO ₂ dissolved and eluted in the water reacts with the Ca ions (carbonation reaction), whereby CaCO is formed on the surface of the hydrated cured body serving as the substrate. ₃ is considered to be precipitated.
Therefore, in order to cause carbonation by the above mechanism, it is necessary that water (surface adhering water) is present on the surface of the hydrated cured body serving as the substrate.
The method of adhering water to or impregnating water with the Ca-containing hydrated cured body serving as the substrate is arbitrary. For example, a method of immersing the hydrated cured body serving as the substrate in water, watering the hydrated cured body serving as the substrate. Or the like.

  The specific method of the carbonation treatment is arbitrary. For example, the Ca-containing hydrated cured body serving as a substrate to which water is attached or impregnated as described above is sealed in a sealed container (maintaining airtightness). Carbon dioxide gas or carbon dioxide-containing gas (hereinafter collectively referred to as “carbon dioxide gas” for convenience) is placed in the sealed container to perform carbonation treatment.

(1) Slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as “steel slag”) as the main raw material, (2) Carbonated solids using steel slag as the main raw material, (3) Mainly steel slag The hydrated cured product used as a raw material and (4) a Ca-containing hydrated cured product having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface has a pH value of 6 to 10 in an immersion test with pure water. For this reason, if the box structure 1 is formed of the above-described material and installed on the revetment, seawater around the box structure becomes weak alkali, and biocompatibility can be increased.
In addition, the immersion test with pure water sets test material: pure water = 1: 10 (volume ratio), immerses a test material in pure water, and measures the time-dependent change of pH. (The above material has a minimum or maximum pH of 6 to 10 at this time.)
In addition, the minimum value or the maximum value of the pH value usually appears about one week after the start of the test.

<Blast furnace granulated slag layer>
Next, the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 installed below the box structure 1 will be described.
The blast furnace granulated slag that forms the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 is a granular slag obtained by granulating and solidifying blast furnace granulated slag, which is a kind of steel slag, and its particle size is larger than that of sea sand. _{(typically, D 50} is a particle size of about 1.0 to 2.0 mm), also slightly larger than the true specific gravity sea sand. Furthermore, granulated blast furnace slag is vitreous with a porous structure for reasons of its production, and has a shape in which slag particles are angular (a shape having a number of sharp portions on the surface).

As granulated blast furnace slag, as-produced, ground iron (iron) removed, crushed such as lightly crushed, crushed such as lightly crushed before or after removal of ground iron, by carbonation treatment Any of those having a carbonic acid film formed on the surface may be used. Since granulated blast furnace slag is generated in large quantities in the steel manufacturing process, it is a material that can be obtained in large quantities at low cost.
The thickness of the granulated blast furnace slag layer 2 is not particularly limited, but is usually 10 cm or more, more preferably 30 cm or more.

The blast furnace granulated slag layer 2 is a steel grain slag instead of the blast furnace granulated slag, or a sand particle layer made of sand granules containing sand granular slag using a mixture of fine slag and natural sand. Also good. Sand granulated slag includes sand granulated blast furnace granulated slag, hot metal pretreatment slag, converter slag, electric furnace slag, or a hydrated hardened body of these slags into sand granules, and carbonated solidified bodies are sand granulated. Or those obtained by mixing these sand granular slags with natural sand or clay.
The range of particle size is preferably between 0.01 mm and 80 mm.

<Action>
The box structure 1 of the revetment structure 5 configured as shown in FIG. 1 is formed of a material having high biocompatibility as described above, and particularly when the box structure 1 is formed using steel slag as a main raw material. In this case, nutrients such as silicic acid and iron are eluted from the box structure 1 into the sea. For this reason, phytoplankton such as diatoms proliferate in shallow regions, and as a result, growth of zooplankton that prey on phytoplankton → increase of small seafood such as small fish that prey on zooplankton → prey on small seafood An ecosystem based on the food chain of growing large fish is created in the box structure.
In addition, moderate light enters from the opening 9 of the box structure 1, and the inner surface of the box structure serves as a seaweed curing base to cure and proliferate seaweeds, and these seaweeds serve as seafood feed and spawning grounds. , Resulting in further growth of aquatic organisms.

In the box structure 1, the upper end of the front wall 11 is located below the sea level height (HWL) at the time of high tide at high tide, and seawater flows into the box structure from the opening 9. Further, at the time of low tide, the sea level is lower than the upper end of the front wall 11, the biohabitat is blocked from the ocean side, and the aquatic organisms in the box structure 1 can be prevented from diffusing.
In this way, the box structure 1 is arranged so that the upper end of the front wall 11 is located below the sea level height (HWL) at high tide and above the water level (LWL) at low tide. By doing so, the seawater in the box structure 1 is replaced by the tides, and it becomes a suitable environment for aquatic organisms.
Further, as described above, the aquatic organisms are shielded from the ocean side by blocking the ocean side and the front wall 11 at the low tide in the box where an ecosystem equivalent to or more than that of a natural coastal reef is constructed. It is possible to prevent spreading to the side, and the constructed ecosystem is maintained and the marine environment purification is realized in the long term.

Moreover, the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 formed below the box structure 1 provides a suitable habitat for benthos such as sandworms. That is, as described above, the granulated blast furnace slag is vitreous with a porous structure, and the slag particles have an angular shape, so the granulated blast furnace slag layer 7 has a large slag gap and excellent water permeability. ing. For this reason, the water in the slag gap is easily replaced, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in this gap is sufficiently secured.
In addition, a small amount of Ca is slowly eluted from the glassy slag particles over a long period of time, so that the pH in the pore water is maintained at about 8.5, which effectively prevents the generation of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria over a long period of time. It is suppressed. From the above points, the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 is a suitable habitat for benthos such as sandworms. Therefore, even if aquatic organisms that are grown and inhabiting underwater structures are excreted, carcasses, wastes, etc., sink to the bottom of the water, bentos that inhabit the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 prey and decompose it, and organic matter on the bottom of the water Is appropriately suppressed. In addition, since the granulated blast furnace slag is porous, microorganisms that decompose organic substances are likely to adhere to the blast furnace granulated slag layer. For this reason, the blast furnace granulated slag layer 7 is excellent in the resolution of organic substances by microorganisms.

In the box structure 1, natural crushed stone, massive steel slag, etc. may be provided with appropriate gaps. By arranging these, it becomes a more suitable habitat for aquatic organisms.
Alternatively, the box structure 1 may be formed of a hydrated cured body, and a carbonic acid solidified panel member may be attached to the inner surface. From the standpoint of strength, the hydrated cured product is superior to the carbonated solid, and conversely, the carbonated solid is superior in biocompatibility, so that each excellent point can be utilized.
Further, the bottom of the box structure 1 is, for example, an inclined surface that is inclined downward toward the sea side as shown in FIG. 4 corresponding to the cross section taken along the line AA in FIG. 2, or as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, a staircase that descends toward the sea side is formed, and a staircase that descends toward the sea side is formed and an inclination is formed at each step. Good. In this way, an intertidal zone can be formed that floods at high tide and drains at low tide, making it a habitat for various aquatic organisms.

  Further, the bottom surface of the box structure 1 may be a flat surface in the width direction as shown in FIG. 7 which is a cross section taken along the line BB in FIG. 2, but may be inclined in the width direction as shown in FIG. The direction of inclination does not matter.) As shown in FIG. 9 (a), the central portion may be a convex shape, or the central portion is concave as shown in FIG. 9 (b). It may be a valley shape. Alternatively, the box structure 1 may be inclined from the back side toward the front side and also in the width direction. In this way, by tilting the bottom surface of the box structure 1 in the width direction, a relatively gentle inclined portion can be formed in the box structure 1 having a relatively short depth and a wide shape. It becomes an intertidal zone rich in oxygen and becomes a more suitable habitat for aquatic organisms.

Further, regarding the front shape of the box structure 1, as shown in FIG. 10, the opening 15 is made smaller than the opening 9 in FIG. 1, and a plurality of water holes 17 are formed in the vicinity of the opening 15 in the front wall 11. May be provided. By doing in this way, the entrance / exit of the seawater to / from the box structure 1 and the amount of collected light can be finely adjusted.
Moreover, although the horizontal thing was shown in FIG. 2 regarding the upper side of the front wall 11, you may form diagonally in the width direction of the box structure 1. FIG. By making it slant, the degree of light entering the box structure 1 can be finely adjusted in relation to the position of the sun.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 11, only the several water flow hole 17 may be provided in the front wall 11, and the grating 19 may be provided in the upper surface of the box structure 1 as an opening part for lighting.
Thus, by appropriately adjusting the openings formed on the front surface and the upper surface of the box structure 1, water flow and lighting can be adjusted to be most suitable for aquatic organisms.
The box structure 1 shown in the first embodiment has a side wall, a ceiling, and a front wall. Of these side walls, the ceiling, and the front wall, the box structure 1 has no ceiling and the cross section has no front wall. It may be substantially L-shaped or partially free of side walls.

[Embodiment 2]
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a seawall structure 21 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 12, the revetment structure 21 according to the present embodiment has a panel-like connecting body 24 formed in a panel shape by connecting a plurality of massive bodies 23 formed in a spherical or polyhedral shape on the revetment. It is.
For example, as shown in FIG. 14, the panel-like connecting body 24 is provided with a through hole 25 in the center portion of the massive body 23, and a plurality of massive bodies 23 are passed through the tightening means 27 such as a wire and a rope through the through hole 25. Are connected.
And the panel-like connection body 24 is installed in the shelf member 29 of the cross-sectional substantially L shape installed in the revetment. The shelf member 29 has a front wall 31 on the surface on the sea side, and a rear wall 33 facing the front wall 31 is attached in contact with the upright surface of the revetment. The panel-like connecting body 24 is installed in two steps on the rear wall 33 and the bottom surface 35 of the shelf member 29, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the shelf member 29 has the upper end of the front wall 31 positioned below the sea level height (HWL) at high tide and above the water level (LWL) at low tide. Is arranged. Further, the shelf member 29 is continuous along the revetment as shown in FIG. 13 showing the state of the shelf member 29 viewed from the sea side. Holding plates 37 for holding are provided at predetermined intervals.

  As the material of the lump body 23, as in the first embodiment, (1) a material using steel slag as a main material, (2) a carbonate solidified material using steel slag as a main material, and (3) steel slag as a main material. And (4) a Ca-containing hydrated cured product having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface.

According to the bank protection structure 21 of the present embodiment, the panel-like connecting body 24 is formed in a panel shape by connecting a plurality of massive bodies 23 formed in a substantially spherical or polyhedral shape. A gap is formed between them, and this gap is a suitable place for aquatic life.
Needless to say, the material forming the panel-like connector 24 has the same effects as those of the first embodiment due to its biocompatibility.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the panel-like connecting body 24 installed in two steps on the bottom surface 35 of the shelf member 29 forms an intertidal zone, and functions as a habitat for various aquatic organisms.
In the present embodiment, the sphere or polyhedron shape is given as an example of the shape of the massive body 23, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the shape is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to have a shape that can form an appropriate gap serving as a habitat for aquatic organisms between adjacent objects when the massive bodies are connected.
In addition, regarding arrangement | positioning of the panel-like coupling body 24, the part should just be located under the sea surface at the time of high tide, and the whole may be located under the sea surface. In addition, at low tide, it is preferable that a part of the panel-like connecting body 24 is located above the sea surface and the other part is located below the sea surface.

[Embodiment 3]
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram of a bank protection structure 39 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, the revetment structure 39 according to the present embodiment is provided with a wall body 45 including a plurality of block bodies 43 on the front side of the upright revetment 41, and a gap between the wall body 45 and the upright revetment 41. Is packed with backfill material 47, which is a habitat for aquatic organisms.
As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 showing the state when the wall body 45 is viewed from the sea side, the plurality of block bodies 43 constituting the wall body 45 are pressed in a state where predetermined gaps are provided on the upper, lower, left and right sides. It is held by a hardware 49.

As a material for forming the block body 43, as in the first embodiment, (1) slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as “steel slag”) is used as a main raw material, and (2) steel slag. And (3) a hydrated cured product containing steel slag as the main material, and (4) a Ca-containing hydrated cured product having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface.
As the back-filling material 47, various materials such as pebbles, gravel, crushed stone, massive steel slag, hydrated solidified slag, pulverized carbonate solidified material can be used alone or simultaneously. As a result, a habitat for various aquatic organisms can be formed.

According to the revetment structure 39 of the present embodiment, the gaps between the plurality of block bodies 43 penetrate to the backfill material side, which functions as holes for access to aquatic organisms such as crabs and fish. A variety of aquatic habitats are formed on the wood.
Needless to say, the material forming the block 43 has the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments due to its biocompatibility.

In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the wall body 45 having a through hole penetrating to the backfill material side is formed by installing the plurality of block bodies 43 with gaps.
However, the wall body 45 may be formed by forming through holes penetrating to the backfill material side at a predetermined interval in a plate body made of the same material as the block body 43.

[Embodiment 4]
17 and 18 are explanatory views of the revetment structure 51 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, in which FIG. 17 is a side sectional view and FIG. 18 is a view seen from the sea side. As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the revetment structure 51 according to the present embodiment has a plurality of block bodies 55 installed in a staircase pattern on the seaside surface of the caisson revetment 53.
More specifically, a stone material 59 for solidifying is installed on a rubble (mount) 57 which is the basis of the caisson 53, and a plurality of block bodies 55 are installed thereon. The plurality of block bodies are arranged on the stone 59 in a zigzag manner from the bottom to the top and in a mountain shape. For this reason, a staircase portion 61 is formed by the block body 55, and a gap 62 surrounded by the block body 55 is formed.

  As for the material of the block body 55, as in the first embodiment, (1) slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as “steel slag”) is used as the main raw material, and (2) steel slag is used as the main material. Examples thereof include a carbonate solidified body as a raw material, (3) a hydrated cured body mainly composed of steel slag, and (4) a Ca-containing hydrated cured body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface.

According to the revetment structure 51 of the present embodiment, since the plurality of block bodies 55 are arranged in a staggered manner from the lower side and arranged in a mountain shape, the stair portion 61 is formed by the block body 55, and this stair portion 61 forms an intertidal zone and becomes a habitat for various aquatic organisms. In addition, the gap 62 surrounded by the block body 55 is also a hiding place for fish and the like, and is a suitable place for aquatic life.
Needless to say, the material forming the block 43 has the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments due to its biocompatibility.

In Embodiment 4 above, the block body 55 is installed stepwise on the sea side of the caisson revetment, but if the same material plate is attached to the caisson revetment instead of the block body 55, the material A certain effect can be expected due to the bioaffinity possessed.
In addition, the upright caisson revetment itself, as shown in Embodiment 1, (1) slag generated in the steel manufacturing process (hereinafter referred to as "steel slag") as the main raw material, (2) steel slag It is also effective to form a solidified carbonic acid body using as a main raw material, (3) a hydrated hardened body using steel slag as a main raw material, and (4) a Ca-containing hydrated hardened body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface. is there.
In this case, it is preferable to provide a shape that serves as a hiding place for aquatic organisms, such as an uneven part and an inclined uneven part inclined in the caisson revetment width direction, on the surface on the sea side in the caisson revetment.
It is also preferable to provide a shelf that protrudes toward the sea in the vicinity of the sea bottom on the sea side surface of the caisson revetment. The shelf has a function of catching living organisms attached to the caisson revetment, such as shellfish, when they die and falling, and preventing dead bodies from accumulating on the seabed.
The material which forms a shelf part is not ask | required, For example, concrete, steel materials, or a hydration hardening body may be sufficient.
In addition, you may form the sand grain layer which consists of a sand grain body containing the sand granular slag described in Embodiment 1 in a shelf part.

  In order to verify the effects of the box structure and the granulated slag shown in the first embodiment, the box structure shown in Table 1 below was installed on a concrete revetment, and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) was measured three months later. .

The box structures shown in Table 1 were arranged in four rows horizontally on a concrete revetment (8 m long) where the tidal difference was 3 meters. The installation height of the box structure was 70 cm above the water surface at the time of high tide at the top end surface of the box structure.
Under the row of boxes, granulated slag was laid with a thickness of 30 cm and a width of 80 m and a depth of 5 m.
The comparative control was a normal concrete revetment measuring 8m long and 48m wide.
The water quality (COD) of the surface water near the revetment of the invention example and the comparative example after 3 months (summer season) was measured as shown in Table 2 below.

  As shown in Table 2, COD was reduced to less than half in the inventive example compared to the comparative control example, demonstrating that the water quality was improved.

In order to verify the effects of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the bioaffinity confirmation experiment of these materials was performed using the materials shown in the embodiments as follows.
As an example of the present invention, a vertical revetment with a depth of 80 cm and a height of 5 m is prepared with a hydrated solid body, and 15 carbonate solidified body panels (30 cm × 30 cm × 10 cm) are attached to the surface in two rows. Under the vertical revetment, blast furnace granulated slag is laid with a thickness of 30cm and a circumference of 5m x 5m.
On the other hand, as a comparative example, a vertical revetment with a width of 80 cm and a height of 5 m was made of concrete.
Table 3 shows examples of the invention and comparative examples that were installed in the sea and the situation after one year was observed.

As shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the inventive examples have significantly higher numbers of seaweeds and collected fish than the comparative examples, and are extremely excellent in biocompatibility.
Further, it was also demonstrated that the comparative example has sludge accumulation, but the invention example has no sludge accumulation and is excellent in organic resolving power due to microorganisms of ground granulated blast furnace slag.

It is explanatory drawing of the bank protection structure which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the box structure which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is arrow AA sectional drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 1). It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 2). It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 3). It is arrow BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 4). It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 5). It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 6). It is explanatory drawing of the other aspect of a box structure (the 7). It is explanatory drawing of the seawall structure which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the seawall structure which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the panel-shaped coupling body which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the revetment structure which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the revetment structure which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the bank protection structure which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the bank protection structure which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Box structure 3 Upright type revetment 5 Revetment structure 7 Blast furnace granulated slag layer 9 Opening part 11 Front wall 24 Panel-like coupling body 43, 55 Block body 47 Backfilling material

Claims (5)

A revetment structure in which a structure serving as a habitat for aquatic organisms is installed, wherein the structure is a panel-like connection body formed by connecting a plurality of lump bodies into a panel shape, and the lump body is a steel slag. Is formed from a carbonate solidified body using as a main raw material, or a hydrated hardened body using steel slag as a main raw material, or a Ca-containing hydrated hardened body having a calcium carbonate coating layer on at least the outer surface ,
The panel-like connecting body is installed on the rear wall and the bottom surface of a shelf member having an L-shaped cross section having a front wall installed in the revetment structure,
A revetment structure characterized in that at least a part of the panel-like connecting body is disposed below a water surface position at high tide and above a water surface position at low tide . The panel-like connecting body is arranged such that at low tide, a part of the panel-like connecting body is located above the sea surface and the other part is located below the sea surface. Item 1. Revetment structure according to item 1 . The revetment structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a sand grain layer made of a sand granule containing sand granular slag is provided on the bottom of the water near the revetment structure. The shelter structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a shelf that protrudes forward is provided in the vicinity of the water bottom of the revetment structure. The revetment structure according to claim 4, wherein a sand grain layer made of a sand granule containing sand granular slag is provided on the shelf.

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