JP4915035B2 - Wastewater treatment method - Google Patents

Wastewater treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4915035B2
JP4915035B2 JP2001215454A JP2001215454A JP4915035B2 JP 4915035 B2 JP4915035 B2 JP 4915035B2 JP 2001215454 A JP2001215454 A JP 2001215454A JP 2001215454 A JP2001215454 A JP 2001215454A JP 4915035 B2 JP4915035 B2 JP 4915035B2
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Prior art keywords
aeration
aeration tank
gas
tank
concentration
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JP2003024971A (en
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孝明 徳富
英斉 安井
麗 今城
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、排水を、好気性細菌を保持している曝気槽に導入して曝気することにより亜硝酸型硝化処理する方法に係り、特に、曝気による十分な槽内撹拌作用を得た上で曝気槽内の溶存酸素(DO)濃度を任意に制御することができる排水の処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
排水中に含まれるアンモニア性窒素は河川、湖沼及び海洋などにおける富栄養化の原因物質の一つであり、排液処理工程で効率的に除去する必要がある。一般に、排水中のアンモニア性窒素は、アンモニア性窒素をアンモニア酸化細菌により亜硝酸性窒素に酸化し、更にこの亜硝酸性窒素を亜硝酸酸化細菌により硝酸性窒素に酸化する硝化工程と、これらの亜硝酸性窒素及び硝酸性窒素を従属栄養性細菌である脱窒菌により、有機物を電子供与体として利用して窒素ガスにまで分解する脱窒工程との2段階の生物反応を経て窒素ガスにまで分解される。
【0003】
このような硝化脱窒処理では、アンモニア性窒素を酸化するために必要な曝気動力が運転コストのうちの大部分を占めている。
【0004】
曝気のためのコストを低滅する方法として、硝酸性窒素を生成させず、亜硝酸性窒素を生成させる亜硝酸型硝化を行い、生成した亜硝酸性窒素を脱窒する方法が考えられる。
【0005】
一般に、アンモニア性窒素の硝化反応は、DO濃度を低く制御することにより亜硝酸型となり、亜硝酸を蓄積させることができることが知られている。即ち、アンモニア性窒素を亜硝酸性窒素にするに必要な量だけの酸素を供給し、亜硝酸性窒素から硝酸性窒素への酸化反応を抑制することにより亜硝酸型硝化を行うものである。この場合には、例えばDOセンサにより曝気槽内のDO濃度を計測しつつ、この値に基いて曝気風量を制御すれば良い。従来、曝気槽内の曝気のための酸素含有ガスとしては、一般に空気が用いられている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
曝気槽における曝気はDOの供給のみならず、槽内汚泥の撹拌作用を奏するものであるが、曝気槽において、DO濃度をコントロールしようとする場合、設定DO濃度が高い場合には曝気風量の増減のみで制御可能であるが、設定DO濃度が低い場合には曝気を完全に止める必要があり、曝気を停止している間、槽内の撹拌ができなくなってしまうことになる。
【0007】
特に、担体を添加したり、自己造粒を行わせたりして生物膜を形成させて処理を行っている場合には、槽内の撹拌には一定の曝気強度即ち曝気風量が必要であり、空気のみを散気している場合には目標とするDO濃度によっては撹拌に必要な曝気風量よりも曝気風量を低くする必要が生じる。この場合には、槽内の撹拌が殆ど不可能となり、その間正常な処理が行われず、安定した処理水質が得られない。
【0008】
特に、自己造粒法においては、曝気風量により槽内の汚泥に所定の剪断力を与える必要があるが、空気のみによる曝気風量の制御では曝気強度を変化させると剪断力を一定にすることができず、安定処理が損われる結果となる。
【0009】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、排水を好気性細菌を保持している曝気槽に導入して曝気することにより酸化処理する方法において、曝気槽内の設定DO濃度が低い場合であっても、曝気による十分な槽内撹拌作用を得た上で、曝気槽内のDO濃度を任意に制御することができる排水の処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の排水の処理方法は、アンモニア性窒素含有排水を、アンモニア酸化細菌を保持している曝気槽に導入して曝気することにより亜硝酸型硝化処理する方法において、酸素を含有する第1のガスと、実質的に酸素を含有しないか或いは該第1のガスよりも酸素分圧の低い第2のガスとを曝気する方法であって、該第1のガスを、必要とする曝気槽内DO濃度が得られる程度に曝気し、不足する攪拌力を第2のガスの曝気風量により補うことで、該曝気槽内の溶存酸素濃度を0.5mg/L以下に制御することを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明では、酸素を含有する第1のガスと、実質的に酸素を含有しないか或いはこの第1のガスよりも酸素分圧の低い第2のガスとを、曝気風量を調節して曝気することにより、曝気による槽内撹拌作用ないし剪断力を確保した上で曝気槽内のDO濃度を低く制御することが可能となる。即ち、設定DO濃度が低い場合であっても、第2のガスを曝気することで十分な撹拌作用ないし剪断力を得ることができる。
【0012】
本発明で用いる曝気槽は、空気吹き込み部、エアリフト部(上昇部)および下降部を有するものが好ましく、特に、槽内に上下開放の内筒を有し、この内筒の下方から曝気するエアリフト型曝気槽が好ましく、また、好気性細菌を生物膜の形で保持するものが好ましい。特に、このようなエアリフト型曝気槽に好気性細菌を生物膜の形で保持したものであれば、コンパクトな装置により高負荷運転が可能である。
【0013】
好気性細菌の生物膜は担体表面に形成されているものであっても良く、自己造粒によるものであっても良いが、特に、安定した造粒に必要な一定の剪断力を得ることが必要とされる自己造粒による生物膜に対して、本発明による結果が大きい。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0015】
図1は本発明の実施に好適なエアリフト型曝気槽の概略的な構成を示す図であり、このエアリフト型曝気槽1は、内部に上下が開放した内筒2が同軸的に配置された二重管構造とされており、内筒2の下部に散気部3(空気吹き込み部)を有し、内筒2内に曝気によるエアリフトが発生するように構成されている。内筒2の上部には気液分離部4が設けられている。内筒2には、好気性細菌の生物膜汚泥が保持されている。
【0016】
原水は、曝気槽1の下部より曝気槽1内に導入され、散気部3からの曝気によるエアリフトにより上向流で内筒2内を流れ、その間に汚泥と接触して生物的に酸化処理される。
【0017】
内筒2内の上昇流(エアリフト部(上昇部))は気液分離部4を経て一部が処理水として排出され、残部は内筒2と曝気槽1との間の部分(下降部)を下降し、曝気槽1の下部から導入される原水と共に循環処理される。
【0018】
本発明においては、このような曝気槽1において、曝気ガスとして第1のガスとしての空気等の酸素含有ガスと、窒素等の酸素を実質的に含有しないか、或いは第1のガスよりも酸素分圧が低い第2のガスとを用い、この第1のガスの曝気風量と第2のガスの曝気風量とを調節する。
【0019】
即ち、例えば空気等の第1のガスを、必要とする曝気槽内DO濃度が得られる程度に曝気し、不足する撹拌力を窒素等の第2のガスの曝気風量により補う。このようにすることで、曝気槽内の設定DO濃度が低い場合であっても、曝気槽内の撹拌に必要な曝気風量を確保して、良好なDO濃度制御を行える。
【0020】
なお、第1のガスと第2のガスの曝気風量の調節は、曝気槽内の設定DO濃度及び必要な曝気風量に応じて適宜決定され、例えば曝気槽内に設けたDOセンサに基いて空気の曝気風量を制御すると共に、空気の曝気風量の変動に対応して一定の曝気風量が得られるように窒素の曝気風量を制御すれば良い。
【0021】
なお、図1に示すエアリフト型曝気槽は、本発明の実施に好適な曝気槽の一例であり、本発明は何ら図示の曝気槽を用いる態様に限定されるものではない。
【0022】
曝気槽としては、生物膜を維持できるものが好ましく、固定床、流動床、グラニュール法、担体添加法、その他のものも採用することができる。
【0023】
本発明の排水の処理方法は、アンモニア性窒素含有水をアンモニア酸化細菌の生物膜を形成させた曝気槽に導入して亜硝酸型硝化を行う場合において、曝気槽内のDO濃度を低く設定した上で、曝気により生物膜の造粒に必要な十分な剪断力を得る方法に有効である
【0024】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。
【0025】
実施例1
図1に示すエアリフト型曝気槽(容積300L)において、槽内の撹拌を十分に行うためには、約10L/minの曝気風量が必要であり、これ以下の曝気風量では槽内に淀みができてしまい、汚泥が溜まる現象が見られた。
【0026】
このようなエアリフト型曝気槽において、槽内のDO濃度を0.5mg/Lに制御しようとする場合、槽内MLSS濃度2000mg/L、COD槽負荷0.5kg/m/dayの条件では、曝気風量を5L/min程度に絞る必要がある。このため、この曝気風量では十分な撹拌が行えない。
【0027】
そこで、空気5L/minと窒素ガス5L/minを混合して曝気したところ、槽内のDO濃度を0.5mg/Lに低く保ちながら、合計の曝気風量10L/minで十分な撹拌を行うことができた。
【0028】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の排水の処理方法によれば、排水を好気性細菌を保持している曝気槽に導入して曝気することにより亜硝酸型硝化処理する方法において、曝気ガスとして空気等の酸素を含有する第1のガスと、窒素等の酸素を含有しないか酸素分圧の低い第2のガスとを用い、これらのガスの曝気風量を調節することにより、曝気槽内の設定DO濃度が低い場合であっても、曝気による十分な槽内撹拌作用を得た上で曝気槽内のDO濃度を任意に制御することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の排水の処理方法の実施に好適なエアリフト型曝気槽を示す概略的な構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1 曝気槽
2 内筒
3 散気部
4 気液分離部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of performing nitrite-type nitrification treatment by introducing waste water into an aeration tank holding aerobic bacteria and aeration, and in particular, after obtaining sufficient agitation action in the tank by aeration. The present invention relates to a wastewater treatment method capable of arbitrarily controlling the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in an aeration tank.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Ammonia nitrogen contained in wastewater is one of the causative substances of eutrophication in rivers, lakes and oceans, and it is necessary to remove it efficiently in the drainage treatment process. In general, ammonia nitrogen in wastewater is oxidized by ammonia oxidizing bacteria to nitrite nitrogen, and nitrifying nitrogen is oxidized to nitrate nitrogen by nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen are denitrified bacteria, which are heterotrophic bacteria, and are converted into nitrogen gas through a two-stage biological reaction with a denitrification process that decomposes organic matter into nitrogen gas using an electron donor. Disassembled.
[0003]
In such nitrification denitrification treatment, aeration power necessary for oxidizing ammonia nitrogen occupies most of the operating cost.
[0004]
As a method for reducing the cost for aeration, a method of denitrifying generated nitrite nitrogen by performing nitrite-type nitrification that does not generate nitrate nitrogen but generates nitrite nitrogen is conceivable.
[0005]
In general, it is known that the nitrification reaction of ammoniacal nitrogen becomes a nitrite type by controlling the DO concentration to be low, and nitrite can be accumulated. In other words, nitrite-type nitrification is performed by supplying only an amount of oxygen necessary for converting ammonia nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen and suppressing the oxidation reaction from nitrite nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. In this case, for example, the aeration air volume may be controlled based on this value while measuring the DO concentration in the aeration tank by the DO sensor. Conventionally, air is generally used as an oxygen-containing gas for aeration in an aeration tank.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Aeration in the aeration tank not only supplies DO, but also acts as an agitator for sludge in the tank. In the aeration tank, when trying to control the DO concentration, if the set DO concentration is high, increase or decrease of the aeration air volume However, when the set DO concentration is low, it is necessary to completely stop aeration, and the agitation in the tank cannot be performed while the aeration is stopped.
[0007]
In particular, when a treatment is performed by adding a carrier or performing self-granulation to form a biofilm, stirring in the tank requires a certain aeration strength, that is, aeration air volume, When only air is diffused, the aeration air volume needs to be lower than the aeration air volume necessary for stirring depending on the target DO concentration. In this case, stirring in the tank is almost impossible, and normal treatment is not performed during that time, and stable treated water quality cannot be obtained.
[0008]
In particular, in the self-granulation method, it is necessary to give a predetermined shearing force to the sludge in the tank by the amount of aeration air. However, in controlling the amount of aeration air only with air, changing the aeration intensity may make the shearing force constant. Inability to do so results in a loss of stability.
[0009]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems and is a case where the set DO concentration in the aeration tank is low in the method of oxidizing by introducing aeration into an aeration tank holding aerobic bacteria and aeration. However, it is an object of the present invention to provide a wastewater treatment method capable of arbitrarily controlling the DO concentration in the aeration tank after obtaining sufficient agitation in the tank by aeration.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The wastewater treatment method of the present invention is a method of performing nitrite-type nitrification treatment by introducing ammonia nitrogen-containing wastewater into an aeration tank holding ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and aerating the wastewater. A method for aeration of a gas and a second gas that substantially does not contain oxygen or has a lower oxygen partial pressure than the first gas, wherein the first gas is contained in a required aeration tank. Aeration is performed to such an extent that a DO concentration is obtained , and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration tank is controlled to 0.5 mg / L or less by supplementing the insufficient stirring force with the amount of aeration air of the second gas. .
[0011]
In the present invention, the first gas containing oxygen and the second gas substantially not containing oxygen or having a lower oxygen partial pressure than the first gas are aerated by adjusting the amount of aeration air. Accordingly, it is possible to control the DO concentration in the aeration tank to be low while ensuring the stirring action or shearing force in the tank by aeration. That is, even when the set DO concentration is low, a sufficient stirring action or shearing force can be obtained by aeration of the second gas.
[0012]
The aeration tank used in the present invention preferably has an air blowing part, an air lift part (ascending part), and a descending part, and in particular, an air lift that has an inner cylinder that is open up and down in the tank and aerates from below the inner cylinder. A type aeration tank is preferred, and one holding aerobic bacteria in the form of a biofilm is preferred. In particular, if such an airlift aeration tank holds aerobic bacteria in the form of a biofilm, a high-load operation can be performed with a compact device.
[0013]
The aerobic bacterium biofilm may be formed on the surface of the carrier or may be self-granulated, but in particular, it can obtain a certain shear force necessary for stable granulation. The results according to the present invention are great for the biofilm by self-granulation required.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0015]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an airlift aeration tank suitable for carrying out the present invention, and this airlift aeration tank 1 includes two inner cylinders 2 that are coaxially arranged with an open top and bottom. It has a heavy pipe structure, and has an air diffuser 3 (air blowing part) at the lower part of the inner cylinder 2 so that an air lift by aeration occurs in the inner cylinder 2. A gas-liquid separator 4 is provided at the upper part of the inner cylinder 2. A biofilm sludge of aerobic bacteria is held in the inner cylinder 2.
[0016]
The raw water is introduced into the aeration tank 1 from the lower part of the aeration tank 1, and flows upward in the inner cylinder 2 by an air lift by aeration from the aeration unit 3, and in contact with the sludge during that time, it is biologically oxidized. Is done.
[0017]
A part of the upward flow (air lift part (lift part)) in the inner cylinder 2 is discharged as treated water through the gas-liquid separation part 4, and the remaining part is a part between the inner cylinder 2 and the aeration tank 1 (down part). And is circulated together with the raw water introduced from the lower part of the aeration tank 1.
[0018]
In the present invention, the aeration tank 1 does not substantially contain oxygen-containing gas such as air as the first gas and oxygen such as nitrogen as the aeration gas, or oxygen rather than the first gas. Using the second gas having a low partial pressure, the aeration volume of the first gas and the aeration volume of the second gas are adjusted.
[0019]
That is, for example, the first gas such as air is aerated so that the required DO concentration in the aeration tank can be obtained, and the insufficient stirring force is compensated by the aeration air volume of the second gas such as nitrogen. By doing in this way, even if the set DO concentration in the aeration tank is low, the amount of aeration air necessary for stirring in the aeration tank can be secured and good DO concentration control can be performed.
[0020]
The adjustment of the aeration air volume of the first gas and the second gas is appropriately determined according to the set DO concentration in the aeration tank and the required aeration air volume. For example, the air is based on the DO sensor provided in the aeration tank. The nitrogen aeration air volume may be controlled so that a constant aeration air volume can be obtained in response to fluctuations in the air aeration air volume.
[0021]
The air lift type aeration tank shown in FIG. 1 is an example of an aeration tank suitable for carrying out the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment using the illustrated aeration tank.
[0022]
As the aeration tank, those capable of maintaining a biofilm are preferable, and a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, a granule method, a carrier addition method, and others can also be employed.
[0023]
Method of processing waste water of the present invention is set in the case of the nitrite-type nitrification by introducing ammonia nitrogen-containing water to the aeration tank to form a biofilm ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the DO concentration in the aeration tank lower In addition, it is effective in a method for obtaining sufficient shearing force necessary for granulation of a biofilm by aeration .
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
[0025]
Example 1
In the air lift type aeration tank (capacity 300 L) shown in FIG. 1, an aeration air volume of about 10 L / min is necessary to sufficiently agitate the inside of the tank. As a result, a sludge accumulation phenomenon was observed.
[0026]
In such an airlift aeration tank, when trying to control the DO concentration in the tank to 0.5 mg / L, the conditions of MLSS concentration in the tank of 2000 mg / L, COD tank load of 0.5 kg / m 3 / day, It is necessary to reduce the amount of aeration air to about 5 L / min. For this reason, sufficient agitation cannot be performed with this aeration air volume.
[0027]
Therefore, when aeration was performed by mixing 5 L / min of air and 5 L / min of nitrogen gas, sufficient agitation was performed at a total aeration rate of 10 L / min while keeping the DO concentration in the tank low at 0.5 mg / L. I was able to.
[0028]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above in detail, according to the wastewater treatment method of the present invention, in the method of performing nitrite-type nitrification treatment by introducing wastewater into an aeration tank holding aerobic bacteria and aeration, air is used as aeration gas. By using a first gas containing oxygen such as nitrogen and a second gas not containing oxygen such as nitrogen or having a low oxygen partial pressure, and adjusting the aeration air volume of these gases, setting in the aeration tank Even when the DO concentration is low, the DO concentration in the aeration tank can be arbitrarily controlled after obtaining sufficient agitation in the tank by aeration.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an airlift aeration tank suitable for carrying out the wastewater treatment method of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Aeration tank 2 Inner cylinder 3 Aeration unit 4 Gas-liquid separation unit

Claims (4)

アンモニア性窒素含有排水を、アンモニア酸化細菌を保持している曝気槽に導入して曝気することにより亜硝酸型硝化処理する方法において、
酸素を含有する第1のガスと、実質的に酸素を含有しないか或いは該第1のガスよりも酸素分圧の低い第2のガスとを曝気する方法であって、
該第1のガスを、必要とする曝気槽内DO濃度が得られる程度に曝気し、不足する攪拌力を第2のガスの曝気風量により補うことで、該曝気槽内の溶存酸素濃度を0.5mg/L以下に制御することを特徴とする排水の処理方法。
In the method of nitrite type nitrification treatment by introducing ammonia nitrogen containing wastewater into an aeration tank holding ammonia oxidizing bacteria and aeration,
A method of aeration of a first gas containing oxygen and a second gas substantially not containing oxygen or having a lower oxygen partial pressure than the first gas,
The first gas is aerated so that the required DO concentration in the aeration tank can be obtained, and the insufficient stirring force is compensated by the amount of aeration air of the second gas, thereby reducing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration tank to 0. A method for treating wastewater, which is controlled to 5 mg / L or less .
該曝気槽が、槽内に上下開放の内筒を有し、該内筒の下方から曝気するエアリフト型曝気槽であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の排水の処理方法。  The waste water treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the aeration tank is an air lift type aeration tank that has an inner cylinder that is open at the top and bottom of the aeration tank and aerated from below the inner cylinder. 該曝気槽が好気性細菌を生物膜の形で保持しているものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の排水の処理方法。  The wastewater treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aeration tank holds aerobic bacteria in the form of a biofilm. 該好気性細菌が担体表面に生物膜を形成しているか、又は自己造粒によって生物膜を形成しているものであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の排水の処理方法。  4. The method for treating wastewater according to claim 3, wherein the aerobic bacterium forms a biofilm on the surface of the carrier or forms a biofilm by self-granulation.
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