JP4913427B2 - Method and apparatus for filling hydrogen gas - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for filling hydrogen gas Download PDF

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JP4913427B2
JP4913427B2 JP2006066466A JP2006066466A JP4913427B2 JP 4913427 B2 JP4913427 B2 JP 4913427B2 JP 2006066466 A JP2006066466 A JP 2006066466A JP 2006066466 A JP2006066466 A JP 2006066466A JP 4913427 B2 JP4913427 B2 JP 4913427B2
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hydrogen gas
filling
path
hydrogen
cooling means
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JP2007239956A (en
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幹士 大盛
敏明 久和野
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Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp
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Priority to KR1020070005674A priority patent/KR20070092599A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

Description

本発明は、水素ガスの充填方法及び装置に関し、詳しくは、水素自動車の燃料となる水素ガスを、水素ガス供給源から水素自動車の燃料タンクに充填するための方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for filling hydrogen gas, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for filling hydrogen gas, which is fuel for a hydrogen automobile, into a fuel tank of a hydrogen automobile from a hydrogen gas supply source.

燃料電池自動車のような水素自動車の燃料として用いられる水素ガスは、水素ガスが流れる経路に設けられている各種弁や流量計等の部分で断熱膨張すると、ジュールトムソン効果によって温度が上昇するという性質を有している。したがって、水素ガス供給源から水素自動車に水素ガスを充填する経路に設けられている弁等を通過する際のジュールトムソン効果により水素ガスの温度が上昇するとともに、水素ガスを水素自動車の燃料タンクに高圧に圧縮充填するための圧縮熱によっても水素ガスの温度が上昇する。   Hydrogen gas used as a fuel for hydrogen vehicles such as fuel cell vehicles has the property that the temperature rises due to the Joule-Thompson effect when adiabatic expansion occurs in various valves, flow meters, and other parts provided in the path through which hydrogen gas flows have. Accordingly, the temperature of the hydrogen gas rises due to the Joule-Thompson effect when passing through a valve or the like provided in the path for filling the hydrogen vehicle with the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas supply source, and the hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel tank of the hydrogen vehicle. The temperature of the hydrogen gas also rises due to the compression heat for compressing and filling to a high pressure.

このように水素ガスの温度が上昇すると、燃料タンクの耐熱温度を超える問題、充填後の冷却に伴う圧力降下等の問題が発生するため、水素ガスが流れる経路に熱交換器等の冷却手段を配置し、この冷却手段で水素ガスを冷却しながら水素自動車に充填する方法が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
特開２００４−１１６６１９号公報 If the temperature of the hydrogen gas rises in this way, problems such as exceeding the heat resistance temperature of the fuel tank and problems such as a pressure drop associated with cooling after filling occur. There has been proposed a method of arranging and charging a hydrogen automobile while cooling hydrogen gas with this cooling means (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
JP 2004-116619 A

しかし、冷却手段以降の充填経路にも弁等の各種機器が設けられており、これらを通過する際のジュールトムソン効果によって水素ガスの温度が上昇し、また、急速充填によって温度がより上昇する傾向にあるため、充填の開始とともに水素ガスの冷却を開始したのでは、十分な冷却を行うことが困難なときがあった。このため、冷却手段として冷却能力の大きなものを使用する必要があり、設備費が上昇するという問題があった。   However, various devices such as valves are also provided in the filling path after the cooling means, and the temperature of hydrogen gas rises due to the Joule-Thompson effect when passing through these, and the temperature tends to rise further due to rapid filling. Therefore, if the cooling of the hydrogen gas is started at the start of filling, it may be difficult to perform sufficient cooling. For this reason, it is necessary to use a cooling means having a large cooling capacity, and there is a problem that the equipment cost increases.

そこで本発明は、簡単な設備構成で充填時の水素ガスの温度上昇を抑制して水素自動車への水素ガスの充填を効率よく行うことができる水素ガスの充填方法及び装置を提供することを目的としている。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen gas filling method and apparatus capable of efficiently filling hydrogen gas into a hydrogen automobile by suppressing the temperature rise of the hydrogen gas during filling with a simple equipment configuration. It is said.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の水素ガスの充填方法における第１の構成は、水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮し、冷却手段を備えた充填経路を通して水素自動車に充填する方法において、圧縮後の水素ガスを貯蔵容器に貯蔵し、該貯蔵された水素ガスの一部を前記充填経路に導出し、導出した水素ガスを前記冷却手段で冷却し、冷却された水素ガスで充填経路及び該充填経路に設けられている機器を冷却し、冷却に使用した水素ガスを回収容器に回収した後、前記貯蔵容器内の水素ガスを前記充填経路を通して前記水素自動車に充填することを特徴としている。   In order to achieve the above object, a first configuration of the hydrogen gas filling method of the present invention is a method of compressing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source and filling a hydrogen vehicle through a filling path having a cooling means. , The compressed hydrogen gas is stored in a storage container, a part of the stored hydrogen gas is led to the filling path, the led hydrogen gas is cooled by the cooling means, and filled with the cooled hydrogen gas And the hydrogen gas used for cooling is recovered in a recovery container, and then the hydrogen gas in the storage container is charged into the hydrogen vehicle through the charging path. It is said.

さらに、本発明の水素ガスの充填装置における第２の構成は、水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮し、冷却手段を備えた充填経路を通して水素自動車に充填する方法において、圧縮後の水素ガスを貯蔵容器に貯蔵し、該貯蔵された水素ガスの一部を前記充填経路に導出し、導出した水素ガスを前記冷却手段で冷却し、冷却された水素ガスを循環経路を通して前記充填経路に循環させながら充填経路及び該充填経路に設けられている機器を冷却した後、前記貯蔵容器内の水素ガスを前記充填経路を通して前記水素自動車に充填することを特徴としている。 Furthermore, the second configuration of the hydrogen gas filling apparatus of the present invention is a method for compressing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source and filling the hydrogen automobile through a filling path having a cooling means. Hydrogen gas is stored in a storage container, a part of the stored hydrogen gas is led out to the filling path, the led hydrogen gas is cooled by the cooling means, and the cooled hydrogen gas is passed through the circulation path to the filling path. The hydrogen automobile is filled with the hydrogen gas in the storage container through the filling path after cooling the filling path and the equipment provided in the filling path while circulating in the tank.

また、本発明の水素ガスの充填装置における第１の構成は、水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮する圧縮機と、圧縮した水素ガスを水素自動車に充填する充填経路とを備えた水素ガス充填装置において、前記圧縮機で圧縮した水素ガスを貯蔵する貯蔵容器と、該貯蔵容器より下流側の充填経路を流れる水素ガスを冷却する冷却手段と、該冷却手段で冷却された水素ガスが流れる充填経路から分岐して前記圧縮機の吸入側に接続した循環経路と、該循環経路から分岐した回収経路と、該回収経路に設けられた回収容器とを備えたことを特徴としている。 The first configuration of the hydrogen gas filling apparatus of the present invention includes a compressor that compresses hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source, and a filling path that fills the hydrogen automobile with the compressed hydrogen gas. In the hydrogen gas filling apparatus, a storage container for storing the hydrogen gas compressed by the compressor, a cooling means for cooling the hydrogen gas flowing in the filling path downstream from the storage container, and the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means A circulation path branched from the charging path through which the refrigerant flows is connected to the suction side of the compressor, a recovery path branched from the circulation path, and a recovery container provided in the recovery path.

さらに、本発明の水素ガスの充填装置における第２の構成は、上述の第１の充填装置において、前記充填回路の終端部に、前記水素自動車に水素ガスを供給する連結管の一端を接続するとともに、該連結管の他端に前記水素自動車の充填口に接続するカプラーを設け、前記循環経路の前記充填経路の分岐部と前記回収回路の分岐部との間に、前記カプラーが接続できる接続口を設けたことを特徴としている。 Furthermore, the second configuration of the hydrogen gas filling apparatus according to the present invention is such that, in the first filling apparatus described above , one end of a connecting pipe that supplies hydrogen gas to the hydrogen automobile is connected to a terminal portion of the filling circuit. In addition, a coupler for connecting to the filling port of the hydrogen vehicle is provided at the other end of the connecting pipe, and the coupler can be connected between the branching part of the filling path of the circulation path and the branching part of the recovery circuit. It is characterized by having a mouth .

本発明の水素ガスの充填方法及び装置によれば、水素自動車への水素ガスの充填を開始する前に充填経路を十分に冷却しておくことができるので、充填時の水素ガスの温度上昇を抑制して水素自動車への水素ガスの充填を効率よく行うことができる。   According to the hydrogen gas filling method and apparatus of the present invention, the filling path can be sufficiently cooled before the filling of the hydrogen gas into the hydrogen automobile, so that the temperature of the hydrogen gas during filling can be increased. The hydrogen gas can be efficiently filled into the hydrogen automobile by suppressing the above.

図１は本発明の一形態例を示す水素ガスの充填装置の系統図である。この水素ガスの充填装置は、水素ガス供給源１１から供給される水素ガスを圧縮機１２で昇圧し、充填経路１３を通して水素自動車１４の燃料タンクに充填するものであって、充填経路１３の途中には、圧縮後の水素ガスを貯蔵する複数の貯蔵容器１５及びこの貯蔵容器１５を迂回するバイパス経路１６と、貯蔵容器１５の下流側を流れる水素ガスを冷却するための冷却手段１７とが設けられている。   FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a hydrogen gas filling apparatus showing one embodiment of the present invention. This hydrogen gas filling device boosts the hydrogen gas supplied from the hydrogen gas supply source 11 by the compressor 12 and fills the fuel tank of the hydrogen automobile 14 through the filling path 13. Are provided with a plurality of storage containers 15 for storing compressed hydrogen gas, a bypass path 16 for bypassing the storage container 15, and a cooling means 17 for cooling the hydrogen gas flowing downstream of the storage container 15. It has been.

さらに、冷却手段１７より下流側の充填経路１３からは、前記圧縮機１２の吸入側に接続する循環経路１８が分岐しており、この循環経路１８の途中には、回収容器１９を備えた回収経路２０が分岐している。また、充填経路１３の終端部には、充填装置から水素自動車１４に水素ガスを供給するフレキシブルホース等の連絡管２１の一端が接続され、連絡管２１の他端には水素自動車１４の充填口に接続するカプラー（図示略）が設けられている。   Further, a circulation path 18 connected to the suction side of the compressor 12 branches off from the charging path 13 on the downstream side of the cooling means 17, and a recovery container 19 is provided with a recovery container 19 in the middle of the circulation path 18. The path 20 is branched. One end of a connecting pipe 21 such as a flexible hose for supplying hydrogen gas from the filling device to the hydrogen automobile 14 is connected to the end of the filling path 13, and the other end of the connecting pipe 21 is a filling port of the hydrogen automobile 14. A coupler (not shown) is provided for connection to the.

前記充填経路１３には、経路内の圧力を測定するため、５箇所に圧力計３１，３２，３３，３４，３５が設けられるとともに、冷却手段１７の上流部分には充填経路１３内の流量を測定する積算流量計３６と安全弁３７が設けられ、充填経路１３の終端部分には水素自動車１４に充填する水素ガスの温度を測定するための温度計３８が設けられている。また、循環経路１８には積算流量計３９が設けられ、回収経路２０には圧力計４０が設けられている。   In the charging path 13, pressure gauges 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are provided at five locations to measure the pressure in the path, and the flow rate in the charging path 13 is set in the upstream portion of the cooling means 17. An integrating flow meter 36 for measuring and a safety valve 37 are provided, and a thermometer 38 for measuring the temperature of the hydrogen gas charged in the hydrogen automobile 14 is provided at the end portion of the filling path 13. The circulation path 18 is provided with an integrated flow meter 39, and the recovery path 20 is provided with a pressure gauge 40.

本形態例示す前記冷却手段１７は、冷媒通路１７ａ内に水素ガス流通管１７ｂを挿入したシェル＆チューブ式熱交換器であって、水素ガス流通管１７ｂを流れる水素ガスを、冷媒通路１７ａに供給される冷媒で冷却するように形成されている。また、冷却手段１７には、エチレングリコールを冷媒とするチラー冷却器を用いることもでき、この場合には、熱交換器に冷媒を循環させる循環経路を接続する。また、空気を冷媒とするプレートフィン式熱交換器を用いることもできる。また、液体窒素やフロン等の冷媒で水素ガスを直接冷却したり、液体窒素やフロン等で別の冷媒を冷却し、この冷媒で水素ガスを冷却する熱交換器等を使用することもできる。   The cooling means 17 shown in the present embodiment is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which a hydrogen gas circulation pipe 17b is inserted in the refrigerant passage 17a, and supplies the hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen gas circulation pipe 17b to the refrigerant passage 17a. It is formed so as to be cooled with a refrigerant. The cooling unit 17 may be a chiller cooler using ethylene glycol as a refrigerant. In this case, a circulation path for circulating the refrigerant is connected to the heat exchanger. A plate fin heat exchanger using air as a refrigerant can also be used. It is also possible to use a heat exchanger or the like that directly cools the hydrogen gas with a refrigerant such as liquid nitrogen or chlorofluorocarbon, or cools another refrigerant with liquid nitrogen or chlorofluorocarbon, and cools the hydrogen gas with this refrigerant.

前記水素ガス供給源１１は、通常、１９．６ＭＰａの水素ガスが充填されている水素カードルや水素トレーラーであって、水素自動車１４は、水素ガスを７０ＭＰａまで充填可能な燃料タンクを備えている。また、７０ＭＰａ以上の高圧水素ガスが流れる経路の配管や機器には、高圧対応のものが使用されており、例えば配管は、外径１２．７ｍｍでは肉厚が４．８ｍｍのものが、外径９．５３ｍｍでは肉厚が３．７ｍｍのものが使用されている。   The hydrogen gas supply source 11 is normally a hydrogen curdle or a hydrogen trailer filled with 19.6 MPa hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen automobile 14 includes a fuel tank capable of filling hydrogen gas up to 70 MPa. In addition, pipes and devices on the path through which high-pressure hydrogen gas of 70 MPa or more flows are used for high pressure. For example, pipes having an outer diameter of 12.7 mm and a wall thickness of 4.8 mm have an outer diameter. At 9.53 mm, a thickness of 3.7 mm is used.

以下、この充填装置の使用例を説明する。まず、貯蔵容器１５に所定圧力の水素ガスを充填する運転を行う。水素ガス供給源１１からの水素ガスは、手動弁５１，減圧弁５２，自動弁５３を通って圧縮機１２に吸入され、水素自動車１４の充填圧力以上に昇圧される。このとき、貯蔵容器１５の下流側に設けられている自動弁５４及びバイパス経路１６の自動弁５５は閉じられており、圧縮後の水素ガスは、手動弁５６，自動弁５７，逆止弁５８を通って貯蔵容器１５側の経路に流れ、各貯蔵容器１５に設けられた手動弁１５ａを通って各貯蔵容器１５内にそれぞれ充填される。貯蔵容器１５内の水素ガスの圧力は、圧力計３２によって測定される。   Hereinafter, usage examples of the filling apparatus will be described. First, the storage container 15 is filled with hydrogen gas having a predetermined pressure. Hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas supply source 11 is sucked into the compressor 12 through the manual valve 51, the pressure reducing valve 52, and the automatic valve 53, and is increased to a pressure higher than the filling pressure of the hydrogen automobile 14. At this time, the automatic valve 54 provided on the downstream side of the storage container 15 and the automatic valve 55 of the bypass passage 16 are closed, and the compressed hydrogen gas is supplied from the manual valve 56, the automatic valve 57, and the check valve 58. It flows through the path on the side of the storage container 15 and passes through the manual valve 15 a provided in each storage container 15, and is filled in each storage container 15. The pressure of the hydrogen gas in the storage container 15 is measured by a pressure gauge 32.

貯蔵容器１５内に所定圧力で水素ガスを充填した後、充填経路１３を冷却する運転を行う。貯蔵容器１５の上流側の自動弁５７を閉じて下流側の自動弁５４を開き、貯蔵容器１５内から、自動弁５４，逆止弁５９，手動弁６０，自動弁６１を介して水素ガスの一部を導出し、流量調整弁６２で所定流量に調整した後、積算流量計３６を通して冷却手段１７の水素ガス流通管１７ｂに導入し、冷媒通路１７ａを流れる冷媒と熱交換させて水素ガスを所定温度に冷却する。水素ガスの冷却温度はできるだけ低温とすることが望ましいため、冷却手段１７の冷却能力を考慮して前記流量調整弁６２で流量（流速）を制御する。   After filling the storage container 15 with hydrogen gas at a predetermined pressure, an operation of cooling the filling path 13 is performed. The automatic valve 57 on the upstream side of the storage container 15 is closed and the automatic valve 54 on the downstream side is opened, and the hydrogen gas is supplied from the storage container 15 through the automatic valve 54, the check valve 59, the manual valve 60, and the automatic valve 61. After a part is derived and adjusted to a predetermined flow rate by the flow rate adjusting valve 62, the hydrogen gas is introduced into the hydrogen gas flow pipe 17b of the cooling means 17 through the integrating flow meter 36, and heat exchange is performed with the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant passage 17a. Cool to a predetermined temperature. Since the cooling temperature of the hydrogen gas is desirably as low as possible, the flow rate (flow velocity) is controlled by the flow rate adjusting valve 62 in consideration of the cooling capacity of the cooling means 17.

このとき、充填経路１３の終端に設けた自動弁６３を閉じて循環経路１８の自動弁６４を開くことにより、冷却手段１７で冷却された水素ガスが充填経路１３から循環経路１８に流れ、さらに、流量調整弁６５，積算流量計３９，逆止弁６６を通り、閉状態となっている減圧弁６７の上流側で回収経路２０に流れ、自動弁６８，手動弁６９を通って回収容器１９に回収される。回収した水素ガスの圧力は、圧力計４０によって測定される。これにより、冷却手段１７から循環経路１８の分岐部までの間の充填経路１３及び循環経路１８から回収経路２０に至る配管や機器を低温の水素ガスによって冷却することができる。   At this time, by closing the automatic valve 63 provided at the end of the filling path 13 and opening the automatic valve 64 of the circulation path 18, the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means 17 flows from the filling path 13 to the circulation path 18. The flow rate adjustment valve 65, the integrated flow meter 39, and the check valve 66 flow to the recovery path 20 on the upstream side of the pressure reducing valve 67 that is closed, and pass through the automatic valve 68 and the manual valve 69 to the recovery container 19 To be recovered. The pressure of the recovered hydrogen gas is measured by a pressure gauge 40. As a result, the filling path 13 from the cooling means 17 to the branch portion of the circulation path 18 and the piping and equipment extending from the circulation path 18 to the recovery path 20 can be cooled by low-temperature hydrogen gas.

また、自動弁６４を閉じて自動弁６３を開き、冷却手段１７で冷却された水素ガスを連絡管２１の他端に設けられたカプラーの部分まで供給して一定時間保持した後、自動弁６１を閉じて自動弁６４を開き、自動弁６１からカプラーまでの間の水素ガスを循環経路１８から回収経路２０を通して回収容器１９に回収する操作を適宜繰り返すことにより、カプラーまでの配管やこの配管に設けられた機器を冷却することができる。   Further, the automatic valve 64 is closed and the automatic valve 63 is opened, and the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means 17 is supplied to the coupler portion provided at the other end of the connecting pipe 21 and held for a certain period of time. Is closed and the automatic valve 64 is opened, and the operation of recovering the hydrogen gas from the automatic valve 61 to the coupler through the recovery path 20 through the recovery path 20 to the recovery container 19 is repeated as appropriate. The provided equipment can be cooled.

さらに、自動弁６４の下流側に前記カプラーの接続口２２を設けておき、この接続口２２にカプラーを接続した状態で、自動弁６４を閉じて自動弁６３を開くことにより、冷却手段１７で冷却された水素ガスを、自動弁６３から連絡管２１に流し、カプラーから接続口２２を通って循環経路１８に流すことができるので、冷却手段１７から下流側の配管や機器、連絡管２１、カプラーまでを冷却することができる。   Further, the coupler connecting port 22 is provided on the downstream side of the automatic valve 64. With the coupler connected to the connecting port 22, the automatic valve 64 is closed and the automatic valve 63 is opened. Since the cooled hydrogen gas can flow from the automatic valve 63 to the communication pipe 21 and flow from the coupler through the connection port 22 to the circulation path 18, the downstream piping and equipment from the cooling means 17, the communication pipe 21, The coupler can be cooled.

このようにして冷却手段１７で冷却した水素ガスを充填経路１３、循環経路１８、回収経路２０等を通して回収容器１９に回収する予冷運転を行うことにより、肉厚が厚く、熱容量が多大な配管や機器を、水素自動車１４に水素ガスを充填する前にあらかじめ冷却しておくことができる。   By performing a pre-cooling operation in which the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means 17 is recovered in the recovery container 19 through the filling path 13, the circulation path 18, the recovery path 20, and the like, a pipe having a large thickness and a large heat capacity can be obtained. The device can be cooled in advance before filling the hydrogen vehicle 14 with hydrogen gas.

配管や機器を所定温度に冷却した後、自動弁６４閉じてカプラーを水素自動車１４に接続し、貯蔵容器１５内の水素ガスを、自動弁５４，逆止弁５９，手動弁６０，自動弁６１、流量調整弁６２、積算流量計３６、冷却手段１７、自動弁６３、連絡管２１、カプラーを通して水素自動車１４の燃料タンクに充填する。   After the piping and equipment are cooled to a predetermined temperature, the automatic valve 64 is closed and the coupler is connected to the hydrogen automobile 14, and the hydrogen gas in the storage container 15 is supplied to the automatic valve 54, the check valve 59, the manual valve 60, and the automatic valve 61. The fuel tank of the hydrogen vehicle 14 is filled through the flow rate adjusting valve 62, the integrating flow meter 36, the cooling means 17, the automatic valve 63, the communication pipe 21, and the coupler.

水素自動車１４に水素ガスを充填する際に、貯蔵容器１５から冷却手段１７に至る経路に設けられた各種弁や積算流量計３６の部分で断熱膨張し、ジュールトムソン効果によって温度が上昇した水素ガスは冷却手段１７で冷却され、冷却手段１７以降の経路に設けられた弁や連絡管２１の接続部で断熱膨張しても、これらの経路や弁等があらかじめ十分に冷却されているので、水素自動車１４に充填する水素ガスの温度上昇を抑制することができ、冷却手段１７で冷却された低温の水素ガスを、低温を維持した状態又は必要以上の加温が生じない状態で水素自動車１４に充填することができる。   When the hydrogen vehicle 14 is filled with hydrogen gas, the hydrogen gas is adiabatically expanded at various valves provided in the path from the storage container 15 to the cooling means 17 and the integrated flow meter 36, and the temperature is increased by the Joule-Thompson effect. Is cooled by the cooling means 17, and even if adiabatic expansion is performed at the connection portion of the valve and the connecting pipe 21 provided in the path after the cooling means 17, these paths and valves are sufficiently cooled in advance. An increase in the temperature of the hydrogen gas charged in the automobile 14 can be suppressed, and the low-temperature hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means 17 is supplied to the hydrogen automobile 14 in a state where the low temperature is maintained or in a state where excessive heating is not generated. Can be filled.

また、低温の水素ガスが流れる部分の配管や機器は、断熱材等で断熱しておくことが望ましく、これらの冷却の程度を確認するため、配管の外面に温度センサーを設けておき、この温度センサーで測定した温度に応じて冷却手段１７の冷却能力や水素ガスの流速を制御することが望ましい。さらに、充填待機中に前記温度センサーの信号を取り込み、あらかじめ設定した温度になるように各弁を自動制御することにより、充填前の待ち時間を短縮することができる。   In addition, it is desirable to insulate the piping and equipment where the low-temperature hydrogen gas flows with a heat insulating material, etc., and in order to confirm the degree of cooling of these, a temperature sensor is provided on the outer surface of the piping, and this temperature It is desirable to control the cooling capacity of the cooling means 17 and the flow rate of hydrogen gas according to the temperature measured by the sensor. Furthermore, the waiting time before filling can be shortened by taking in the signal of the temperature sensor during waiting for filling and automatically controlling each valve so as to reach a preset temperature.

前記回収容器１９に回収した水素ガスは、圧縮機１２を運転したときに減圧弁６７の二次側圧力が下がることによって減圧弁６７が開くことで、圧縮機１２に吸入して再び貯蔵容器１５に充填することができる。また、前記バイパス経路１６を設けている場合は、貯蔵容器１５内から所要量の水素ガスを抜き出して予冷運転を行う際に、自動弁５４を閉じて自動弁５５を開くとともに、圧縮機１２を運転することにより、冷却手段１７で冷却した水素ガスを回収容器１９に回収せずに、圧縮機１２から手動弁５６、バイパス経路１６、自動弁５５、手動弁６０，自動弁６１、流量調整弁６２、積算流量計３６、冷却手段１７、自動弁６４、流量調整弁６５，積算流量計３９，逆止弁６６、減圧弁６７を通して圧縮機１２に循環させることができる。   The hydrogen gas recovered in the recovery container 19 is sucked into the compressor 12 again by opening the pressure reducing valve 67 when the secondary pressure of the pressure reducing valve 67 decreases when the compressor 12 is operated, and the storage container 15 again. Can be filled. When the bypass path 16 is provided, when the required amount of hydrogen gas is extracted from the storage container 15 and the precooling operation is performed, the automatic valve 54 is closed and the automatic valve 55 is opened, and the compressor 12 is turned on. By operating, the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means 17 is not recovered in the recovery container 19, and the manual valve 56, the bypass path 16, the automatic valve 55, the manual valve 60, the automatic valve 61, the flow rate adjustment valve are discharged from the compressor 12. 62, the integrated flow meter 36, the cooling means 17, the automatic valve 64, the flow rate adjusting valve 65, the integrated flow meter 39, the check valve 66, and the pressure reducing valve 67 can be circulated to the compressor 12.

また、各種冷却方法により事前に前記温度計３８を構成する筐体を充分に冷却しておくことができるため、水素自動車１４への水素ガス充填温度を正確に測定することが可能となり、温度計３８をカプラーの近くに設けることにより，燃料タンク充填直前の水素ガスの温度をより正確に測定できる。   Further, since the casing constituting the thermometer 38 can be sufficiently cooled in advance by various cooling methods, the hydrogen gas filling temperature to the hydrogen automobile 14 can be accurately measured, and the thermometer By providing 38 near the coupler, the temperature of the hydrogen gas immediately before filling the fuel tank can be measured more accurately.

さらに、貯蔵容器１５から冷却手段１７までをまとめて、あるいは、貯蔵容器１５を保冷可能な建屋又はケーシングで囲み、その中を機械式冷凍機で冷却しておくことにより、冷却手段１７に供給する水素ガスもある程度冷却しておくことができる。建屋又はケーシング内を冷却する手段として、液体窒素のような不活性の極低温ガスを用い、建屋又はケーシング内の圧力を大気圧よりも高くしておくことにより、建屋又はケーシング内への酸素（大気）の侵入を防止することができ、仮に水素ガスの漏洩が生じたとしても、建屋又はケーシング内の雰囲気を水素の爆発下限界域に維持することができ、安全性を高めることができる。加えて、建屋又はケーシング内に水素センサーを設けることにより、漏洩を早期に発見することも可能となる。   Further, the storage container 15 to the cooling means 17 are gathered together, or the storage container 15 is surrounded by a coolable building or casing, and the interior is cooled by a mechanical refrigerator to supply the cooling means 17. Hydrogen gas can also be cooled to some extent. As a means for cooling the inside of the building or casing, an inert cryogenic gas such as liquid nitrogen is used. By keeping the pressure in the building or casing higher than the atmospheric pressure, oxygen into the building or casing ( The atmosphere in the building or casing can be maintained in the lower limit of hydrogen explosion, and safety can be improved even if hydrogen gas leaks. In addition, by providing a hydrogen sensor in the building or casing, it becomes possible to detect leaks at an early stage.

また、前記形態例は一系統のみを例示したが、貯蔵容器１５からカプラーまでの経路を複数系統設けておくことにより、一つの経路で水素自動車１４に水素ガスを充填しているときに、他の経路の予冷運転を行うことができ、水素自動車１４への水素ガスの充填を連続的に行うことが可能となる。   Moreover, although the said example illustrated only one system | strain, when the hydrogen vehicle 14 is filled with hydrogen gas by one path | route by providing multiple systems | routes from the storage container 15 to a coupler, others It is possible to perform the pre-cooling operation of this route, and it is possible to continuously fill the hydrogen vehicle 14 with hydrogen gas.

本発明の一形態例を示す水素ガスの充填装置の系統図である。It is a systematic diagram of a hydrogen gas filling device showing an embodiment of the present invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１１…水素ガス供給源、１２…圧縮機、１３…充填経路、１４…水素自動車、１５…貯蔵容器、１６…バイパス経路、１７…冷却手段、１８…循環経路、１９…回収容器、２０…回収経路、２１…連絡管、２２…接続口   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Hydrogen gas supply source, 12 ... Compressor, 13 ... Filling path, 14 ... Hydrogen vehicle, 15 ... Storage container, 16 ... Bypass path, 17 ... Cooling means, 18 ... Circulation path, 19 ... Recovery container, 20 ... Recovery Route, 21 ... Communication tube, 22 ... Connection port

Claims (4)

水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮し、冷却手段を備えた充填経路を通して水素自動車に充填する方法において、圧縮後の水素ガスを貯蔵容器に貯蔵し、該貯蔵された水素ガスの一部を前記充填経路に導出し、導出した水素ガスを前記冷却手段で冷却し、冷却された水素ガスで充填経路及び該充填経路に設けられている機器を冷却し、冷却に使用した水素ガスを回収容器に回収した後、前記貯蔵容器内の水素ガスを前記充填経路を通して前記水素自動車に充填することを特徴とする水素ガスの充填方法。   In a method of compressing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source and filling a hydrogen automobile through a filling path provided with a cooling means, the compressed hydrogen gas is stored in a storage container, and one of the stored hydrogen gas is stored. The part is led to the filling path, the led hydrogen gas is cooled by the cooling means, the filling path and the equipment provided in the filling path are cooled by the cooled hydrogen gas, and the hydrogen gas used for cooling is removed. A hydrogen gas filling method, wherein the hydrogen automobile is filled with the hydrogen gas in the storage container through the filling path after being collected in the collection container. 水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮し、冷却手段を備えた充填経路を通して水素自動車に充填する方法において、圧縮後の水素ガスを貯蔵容器に貯蔵し、該貯蔵された水素ガスの一部を前記充填経路に導出し、導出した水素ガスを前記冷却手段で冷却し、冷却された水素ガスを循環経路を通して前記充填経路に循環させながら充填経路及び該充填経路に設けられている機器を冷却した後、前記貯蔵容器内の水素ガスを前記充填経路を通して前記水素自動車に充填することを特徴とする水素ガスの充填方法。   In a method of compressing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source and filling a hydrogen automobile through a filling path provided with a cooling means, the compressed hydrogen gas is stored in a storage container, and one of the stored hydrogen gas is stored. A charging section and a device provided in the filling path while the extracted hydrogen gas is cooled by the cooling means and the cooled hydrogen gas is circulated to the filling path through a circulation path. After cooling, the hydrogen gas is filled in the hydrogen automobile through the filling path with the hydrogen gas in the storage container. 水素ガス供給源から供給される水素ガスを圧縮する圧縮機と、圧縮した水素ガスを水素自動車に充填する充填経路とを備えた水素ガス充填装置において、前記圧縮機で圧縮した水素ガスを貯蔵する貯蔵容器と、該貯蔵容器より下流側の充填経路を流れる水素ガスを冷却する冷却手段と、該冷却手段で冷却された水素ガスが流れる充填経路から分岐して前記圧縮機の吸入側に接続した循環経路と、該循環経路から分岐した回収経路と、該回収経路に設けられた回収容器とを備えたことを特徴とする水素ガスの充填装置。 In a hydrogen gas filling apparatus comprising a compressor for compressing hydrogen gas supplied from a hydrogen gas supply source and a filling path for filling the hydrogen automobile with the compressed hydrogen gas, the hydrogen gas compressed by the compressor is stored. A storage container, a cooling means for cooling hydrogen gas flowing through a filling path downstream from the storage container, and a charging path through which the hydrogen gas cooled by the cooling means flows and is connected to the suction side of the compressor An apparatus for charging hydrogen gas, comprising: a circulation path; a recovery path branched from the circulation path; and a recovery container provided in the recovery path. 前記充填回路の終端部に、前記水素自動車に水素ガスを供給する連結管の一端を接続するとともに、該連結管の他端に前記水素自動車の充填口に接続するカプラーを設け、前記循環経路の前記充填経路の分岐部と前記回収回路の分岐部との間に、前記カプラーが接続できる接続口を設けたことを特徴とする請求項３記載の水素ガスの充填装置。 One end of a connecting pipe that supplies hydrogen gas to the hydrogen automobile is connected to the terminal portion of the filling circuit, and a coupler that connects to the filling port of the hydrogen automobile is provided at the other end of the connecting pipe. 4. The hydrogen gas filling apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein a connection port to which the coupler can be connected is provided between a branch portion of the filling path and a branch portion of the recovery circuit .
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