JP4907855B2 - Artificial soil constituent base material, artificial soil structure for plant cultivation using it, and rooftop greening structure of buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is an artificial soil constituent base material suitable for plant growth, an artificial soil structure for plant growth using the same, and a roof of a building, and a plant such as turfgrass is cultivated on the roof or veranda of the building. It is related to the green roof structure of the building suitable for the building.

  Conventionally, greening of parks, schoolyards, stadiums, roads, and home gardens has been an important point for improving the living environment and urban environment, and has been actively performed. Recently, lawn has been planted actively, but turf grass is difficult to manage because it requires moderate ventilation, drainage, temperature control, etc., and it was difficult to plant beautifully. .

In urban areas, the use of building rooftops and verandas is being considered as a greenery countermeasure. For example, a waterproof sheet or a root-proof sheet is placed on the rooftop or veranda of a building, and mortar processing or synthesis is performed. After spreading a resin board, the soil was laminated | stacked on it and the plant was grown.

However, in the above method, when plant roots grow, they pass through the waterproof sheet or root-proof sheet, reach the rooftop or veranda, and enter the rooftop or veranda concrete to cause water leakage to the building. . Further, the above method has a drawback that it takes time and cost for construction and repair.

In order to eliminate the said fault, the plant cultivation apparatus which spread the container for plant cultivation has been proposed. For example, a plurality of interconnected thin boxes that are applied when forming a soil floor for plant cultivation over a certain range on a building roof such as a rooftop of a building or a veranda, and support the soil floor from below. Each of the container units is inclined downward at a gentle angle downward from the lower end of the peripheral frame, A bottom wall having a drainage hole at the lower end position thereof and closing the entire lower range of the peripheral frame, and horizontally disposed in the peripheral frame via a plurality of ribs on an upper surface of the bottom wall, A floor support plate through which water can flow from below, a lid for root prevention provided in the drain hole of the bottom wall, and a plurality of lower surfaces of the bottom wall depending on the bottom, such as on the building floor A plant cultivation device comprising a support leg fixedly mounted on Are plan (e.g., see Patent Document 1.).
JP 2002-253052 A

However, in the said plant cultivation apparatus, since a thin box-shaped container unit is filled with soil, the container unit is heavy and difficult to construct. Recently, in order to improve the earthquake resistance of buildings, thin layer weight reduction has been required. There were disadvantages such as poor environmental construction of the aeration structure or softening of soil hardness due to the amount of water retained in the soil structure, use of heavy equipment on plant cultivation equipment, and destruction of container units by carrying heavy materials.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the object of the present invention is thin and lightweight, and has excellent workability and workability such as assembly, disassembly, and movement, has high mechanical strength, and is destroyed even when a large load is applied. It has excellent breathability, drainage, heat insulation, etc., and can be cultivated vigorously by being buried in the ground, and can be cultivated energetically by installing it on the rooftop or veranda of buildings. It is suitable for cultivating plants such as lawn on the rooftop or veranda of the building. The object is to provide a rooftop greening structure for buildings.

The artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 1 comprises a hollow plate-like body in which a back thin plate and a front thin plate in which a large number of through holes are drilled are laminated via a large number of ribs, It is a plate-like body, a large number of plate-like bodies are installed substantially in parallel to form a drainage channel, the through hole is a band-like through hole, and a large number of the band-like through holes are formed so as to intersect the plate-like body. It is characterized by.

The material constituting the front thin plate, the back thin plate and the rib is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that does not hinder plant growth. For example, a polyolefin resin such as a polyethylene resin or a polypropylene resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, Thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene resins, polyacrylic resins, ABS resins, polyfluorinated resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyarylate resins, epoxy resins, silicon resins, polyimide resins, synthetic rubbers, Thermosetting resin and photo-curing resin, metal, timber, thermoplastic resin, metal or timber coated with thermosetting resin or photo-curing resin, etc., and thermoplastic resin with excellent corrosion resistance and moldability Preferably, it is formed by a molding method such as extrusion molding or injection molding.

The front and rear thin plates, ribs and ribs molded with thermoplastic resin may be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Molding of thermoplastic resin to improve weather resistance, light resistance, heat resistance, moldability, etc. In this case, a heat stabilizer, a stabilizing aid, a lubricant, a processing aid, an antioxidant, a light stabilizer, a pigment, an inorganic filler, a plasticizer and the like that are generally used may be added.

The thicknesses of the front and back thin plates are not particularly limited. However, when the thickness is reduced, the mechanical strength is reduced. When the load is applied, the thickness is easily broken.

In addition, a number of band-shaped through-holes are formed in the surface thin plate, but the shape is not particularly limited, for example, a band such as a straight line, a curved line, a meandering line, a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, a hexagon, Examples include a circle, an ellipse, a geometric pattern, and a spiral pattern.

The shape of the rib is a plate-like body, and a through hole may be drilled to provide air permeability and drainage. Moreover, the concave shape, convex shape, and uneven shape which may form a through-hole are also mentioned.

The artificial soil constituting base material is a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate in which a large number of band-shaped through-holes are formed are laminated via a large number of ribs. When the thickness is reduced, the heat insulating properties, air permeability, drainage properties and the like are decreased, and when the thickness is increased, the load resistance is decreased. Therefore, the thickness is preferably 3 to 30 mm, more preferably 9 to 18 mm. Further, its weight varies by the opening ratio of the through holes, generally preferably ^{0.6kg / m 2 ~6.0kg / m 2} , more preferably 1.5kg / m ² ~5.6kg / m ² is there.

The shape of the hollow plate-like body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include triangles, quadrilaterals, hexagons and other polygons, circles, ellipses, etc., but they are connected and used in large plates. Therefore, the shape is preferably approximately rectangular, and the size is preferably 30 to 130 cm × 30 to 300 cm.

In the artificial soil constituting base material of the present invention, the rib is a plate-like body, a large number of plate-like bodies are installed substantially in parallel, a drainage channel is formed, the through-hole is a belt-like through-hole, and a plurality of belt-like through-holes A hole is formed so as to intersect the plate-like body.

That is, it is preferable that a large number of belt-like through holes are formed so as to intersect the plate-like body and substantially in parallel.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of an artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 1. In the figure, reference numeral 1 is a square surface thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm, and 2 is a square back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm. The thin plate 1 is formed with straight belt-like through holes 3, 3,... Having a width of 2.5 mm in parallel every 30 mm. 4, 4... Are plate-like ribs having a height of 9.4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm, and are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the belt-like through-hole 3 so that the front thin plate 1 and the back thin plate 2 is installed every 30 mm, drainage channels 5, 5,... Are formed to form a hollow plate-like body 6.

The crossing angle between the belt-like through-hole 3 and the rib 4 may be such that water reaching the surface thin plate 1 enters the drainage channel 5 through the belt-like through-hole 3 and is discharged to the outside through the drainage channel 5. Although not limited, the substantially vertical with excellent water discharge efficiency is preferable.

The width of the band-shaped through-hole 3 is not particularly limited, but if the width is narrowed, the drainage and air permeability between the surface thin plate 1 and the drainage channel 5 are lowered, and if the width is widened, the load resistance is lowered and the root of the plant Since it becomes easy to invade and the drainage and air permeability of the drainage channel 5 are lowered by the invading root, 1 to 3 mm is preferable. The distance between the belt-like through-hole 3 and the belt-like through-hole 3 is not particularly limited. However, when the gap is narrowed, load resistance is lowered, and when it is widened, drainage and air permeability are lowered. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the belt-like through hole 3 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a rectangular shape, a U shape, a V shape, and a dovetail shape.

As the method for producing the hollow plate-like body, any conventionally known method may be employed. When producing with a thermoplastic resin, extrusion molding and injection molding are preferred, and in particular, the hollow plate-like body according to claim 1 is used. The production is preferably extruded in the rib direction. The through hole may be drilled by any conventionally known electric machine, electric tool, or notch machine, but in order to drill a large number of strip-shaped through holes in parallel, a large number of tip saws having a certain cutting edge width may be used. Is installed at a central portion of a metal table, and a hollow plate-like body is placed on a movement auxiliary roller installed on the table while the spindle bar is powered and rotated. It is preferable that the band-shaped through-holes are formed in the surface plate of the hollow plate-like body with a tip saw by moving in the intersecting direction.

In order to provide reinforcement, weather resistance, light resistance, heat resistance, etc. to the front and back thin plates of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 1, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins, polychlorinated salts Even if a synthetic resin film such as vinyl resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylic resin, ABS resin, polyfluorine resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, polyimide resin, or aluminum foil is laminated Good. In addition, for the purpose of imparting design properties and the like, a picture pattern, a photograph, or the like may be printed on the synthetic resin film. In addition, it is necessary to laminate | stack the synthetic resin film and aluminum foil except for the part of a through-hole, or to provide a through-hole in the synthetic resin film of the part of the through-hole drilled in the surface thin plate.

The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 2 is the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1, wherein a midway part of the drainage channel is closed to form a water storage tank. That is, most of the sprayed water or rainwater can be drained, and a part of the water can be stored in a water tank partially formed in the drainage channel.

The artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 3 is configured such that both ends of the drainage channel are closed so that the drainage channel can store water, and the overflowed water can be drained from the through hole through the end rib. It is an artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1 or 2 characterized by things.
In the case of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 3, a drainage channel is formed by forming a through hole in a surface thin plate at an end portion and a continuous rib upper portion, and forming a notch shape in the rib exposed at the formation location. The amount of water stored in can be adjusted. Moreover, in the case of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1 or 2, the amount of water stored in the drainage channel can be adjusted by forming a notch continuous with the through-hole in the end rib. .

As a method of closing both ends of the drainage channel, any known method may be adopted. However, a plate-like body made of a material constituting the surface thin plate, the back thin plate and the rib of the artificial soil constituting base material, and a waterproof tape It is preferably closed with vinyl tape, aluminum foil tape or the like.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an example of the artificial soil constituent base material in which both ends of the drainage channel are closed. The front thin plate 1 and the back thin plate 2 are laminated through a large number of plate-like ribs, and a horizontal drainage channel is formed in FIG. Both ends of the drainage channel are closed by plate-like bodies 7 and 7 so that the drainage channel can store water. In the thin plate 1, strip-like through holes 3, 3,... Are formed at regular intervals in the vertical direction in FIG. 2, and the rib 4 'at the end is continuously cut from the strip-like through hole 3. The notches 8, 8... Are formed so that the water overflowing from the drainage channel can be drained beyond the through-holes and the notch portions 8 of the end ribs.

The artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 4 is an artificial soil characterized in that the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 2 or 3 is laminated on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 1. It is a soil constituent substrate. By partially laminating the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 2 or 3 on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1, water can be stored at an appropriate position.

By arranging and connecting a plurality of artificial soil constituting base materials according to claims 1 to 4 in parallel, the size can be increased. For the connection, any conventionally known connection method may be employed, for example, a method in which the end surfaces of the artificial soil constituent base material are bonded to each other with an adhesive, and the end portion of the artificial soil constituent base material is the end surface of the butt end portion. With a waterproof adhesive tape, a root-proof intrusion adhesive sheet, etc., a method of laminating an auxiliary member on the end and fixing it with screws, bolts, etc., an end to a joint that can fit the end of an artificial soil constituent base material The method of fitting and fixing a part etc. is mentioned, The method of fitting and fixing using a joint is preferable.

The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 5 is an artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 by a joint having an I-shaped cross-section made of a vertical wall having through holes. It is connected and made large.

The joint is an I-shaped joint having a cross-sectional shape in which an upper plate and a lower plate are stacked via a vertical wall, and a through hole is formed in the vertical wall. The material which comprises an upper board, a lower board, and a vertical wall uses the same material as the material which comprises the surface thin board, back thin board, and rib of the artificial soil constituent base material of any one of the said Claims 1-4. It is preferable that the thickness is substantially the same as the surface thin plate, the back thin plate, and the rib of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

The width of the joint is 7 mm or more, more preferably 10 to 40 mm because the artificial soil constituent base material is fitted and connected, and the length is determined according to the length of the artificial soil constituent base material. Just do it. Moreover, the space | interval of an upper board and a lower board should just be suitably determined according to the thickness of an artificial soil constituent base material so that an artificial soil constituent base material can be fitted.

In addition, the shape of the through hole formed in the vertical wall is not particularly limited. For example, a straight line, a curved line, a band such as a meander line, a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, and a geometric pattern , Swirl patterns and the like.

The artificial soil constituent base material can be connected simply by fitting the artificial soil constituent base material to the joint, but in order to more firmly fix or prevent the root from entering, A waterproof adhesive tape, aluminum foil adhesive tape, root-penetrating adhesive sheet, etc. may be attached to the joint where the joint is fitted, or a cushioning material such as a synthetic resin foam sheet is provided between the artificial soil constituent base material and the joint. It may be interposed, or may be further bonded with an adhesive.

In addition, the shape of the artificial soil constituent base material that has been enlarged is not particularly limited, and a large artificial soil constituent base material is created, and its end is cut using a tool such as an electric saw, and is circular or elliptical. The shape may be any other shape, and when an obstacle exists when the artificial soil constituent base material is laid, it may be cut into a shape that matches the shape of the obstacle.

3 is a plan view showing an example of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 6, FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. The artificial soil constituting base material shown in FIG. 3 is enlarged by connecting the four hollow plate-like bodies 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d described in FIG. 1 by joints 9a, 9b. The joint 9a is a joint having an I-shaped cross section in which an upper plate 11 and a lower plate 12 are laminated via a vertical wall 10, and the joint 9b is a vertical wall in which a large number of substantially elliptical through holes 13 are formed. The joint is an I-shaped cross section in which an upper plate 11 ′ and a lower plate 12 ′ are laminated via 10 ′.

The hollow plate-like bodies 6a and 6b and the hollow plate-like bodies 6c and 6d are fitted and connected to the joint 9a so that the directions of the belt-like through holes 3 are parallel to each other. And the hollow plate-like bodies 6b and 6d are fitted and connected to the joint 9b so that the directions of the drainage channels 5 are parallel to each other. That is, the drainage passages 5 of the hollow plate-like bodies 6a and 6c and the hollow plate-like bodies 6b and 6d communicate with each other through a through hole 13 formed in the vertical wall 10 'of the joint 9b. It is possible to drain from the bottom to the top or from bottom to top.

When the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1, 2 or 3 is buried in the ground, the drainage property, breathability, heat insulation property, heat retention property and the like of the portion are improved. Accordingly, drainage is improved in the vicinity of roads and sports stadiums, and the drainage is good and the puddle is less likely to occur. Also, in fields, flower beds, tennis courts, golf courses, and sports stadiums with vegetation, there is good drainage, good ventilation, heat insulation in the summer, and heat insulation in the winter, so the growth of flowers, vegetables, lawns, etc. Is promoted. It is also possible to insert the artificial soil constituent base material into a flower pot and use it for plant cultivation.

Moreover, when the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 3, 4 or 5 is embedded in the ground, it can be stored in whole or in part in the ground, and water retention is improved. It can be suitably used in places where water retention is required, such as golf courses and sports stadiums with vegetation.

In addition, you may form a water storage tank between adjacent or another hollow plate-shaped body by closing a part of drainage channel of the artificial soil structure base material of Claim 5.

The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 6 is a slatted, corrugated, uneven, box-like or bowl-like shape on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 5. And the molded object with which the through-hole was drilled in the thickness direction is laminated | stacked, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

The said molded object is for improving mechanical strength, heat insulation, drainage, breathability, etc. by laminating | stacking on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil structure base material of any one of Claims 1-5. It is a mushroom-like, corrugated plate-like, concavo-convex shape, box-shaped or bowl-shaped molded body.

The material constituting the molded body is not particularly limited as long as the material does not hinder plant growth. For example, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene resin and polypropylene resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, Acrylic resins, ABS resins, polyfluorinated resins, polycarbonate resins, polyester resins, polyarylate resins, epoxy resins, silicone resins, thermoplastic resins such as polyimide resins, thermosetting resins, and photocuring resins A synthetic resin such as a resin and its foam, rubber, coconut shell, grain, wood, glass waste, etc. are preferably used as a raw material and fixed with an adhesive.

The plate-like substrate may be transparent, translucent or opaque, and when molded with synthetic resin and rubber, in order to improve weather resistance, light resistance, heat resistance, moldability, etc. Thermal stabilizers, stabilization aids, lubricants, processing aids, antioxidants, light stabilizers, pigments, inorganic fillers, plasticizers and the like that are generally used during molding may be added.

The thickness of the molded body is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 1 to 4 cm because the mechanical strength is reduced when the thickness is reduced, the mechanical strength is easily broken when a load is applied, and the thickness is increased when the thickness is increased.

Further, through holes are formed in the thickness direction in the molded body, but the shape of the through holes is not particularly limited. For example, a band such as a straight line, a curved line, a meandering line, a triangle, a quadrangle, a hexagon, etc. Polygons, circles, ellipses, geometric patterns, spiral patterns, and the like can be given.

The artificial soil constituent substrate according to claim 7 is formed by laminating a nonwoven fabric and / or a nonwoven fabric on which activated carbon is attached or impregnated on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 6. It is characterized by.

The non-woven fabric is preferably one that can prevent the outflow of soil or prevent the roots from entering the through-holes of the surface thin plate. For example, natural fibers such as cotton and suf, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyester fibers, Nonwoven fabrics made of synthetic fibers such as nylon fibers, vinylon fibers, acrylic fibers, etc., inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers and the like are mentioned. Nonwoven fabrics made of hydrophilic nylon fibers or vinylon fibers are preferred. A polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric in which an acrylic resin is coated on a polyester fiber is also preferably used. The basis weight, thickness, etc. of the nonwoven fabric are not particularly limited, but generally the basis weight is 10 to 500.
g / m ² is preferable, the thickness is preferably 0.03 to 4 mm, and the water permeability is preferably 0.1 to 5 mm / sec.

The non-woven fabric may be attached or impregnated with activated carbon. Activated carbon has a microbial activity effect and has an effect on plant growth. The activated carbon may be simply attached to the surface of the nonwoven fabric or impregnated in the nonwoven fabric, but is preferably uniformly bound to the entire nonwoven fabric with a binder such as cellulose or synthetic resin.

The nonwoven fabric and the nonwoven fabric to which activated carbon is attached or impregnated is at least one layer is laminated on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituting base material, and both nonwoven fabrics may be laminated one by one, Any of the nonwoven fabrics or both of the nonwoven fabrics may be laminated.

The artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 8 is characterized in that a net is laminated on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

The material constituting the network is not particularly limited as long as it does not hinder plant growth. For example, polyolefin resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyacrylic resin, polyester resin It is preferable that it is manufactured from thermoplastic resin fibers.

When the nets are stacked, the roots of the plants that have grown into the nets are entangled, making it difficult for the plants to come off, so the mesh of the nets may be appropriately determined depending on the thickness of the plant roots and the elongation force, Generally, the smaller one is preferable, and in the case of lawn, both the vertical pitch and the horizontal pitch are preferably 1 to 10 mm.

The artificial soil constituent substrate according to claim 11 is a lattice formed by joining two nonwoven fabrics in a lattice pattern on the surface of the artificial soil constituent substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 8. A plant growth sheet in which a fertilizer or a mixture of a fertilizer and activated carbon is enclosed is laminated between upper and lower nonwoven fabrics.

As the nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric having air permeability and water permeability is preferable, and the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric is used. In the plant growing sheet, two nonwoven fabrics are joined in a lattice shape, and fertilizer or a mixture of fertilizer and activated carbon is enclosed between upper and lower nonwoven fabrics of the resulting lattice.

Any conventionally known method may be used for joining the nonwoven fabric, but it is preferable to join them by heat welding, and at the same time as joining, a fertilizer or a mixture of fertilizer and activated carbon is sealed between the upper and lower nonwoven fabrics of the lattice. Is preferred. In particular, a nonwoven fabric having a width of 200 to 600 mm can be continuously welded in a grid size (inner dimensions of heat welding) of 55 to 95 mm in length and 30 to 58 mm in width, and at the same time, fertilizer or a mixture of fertilizer and activated carbon is above and below the grid. It is preferable to be molded by a mechanical device having a function capable of being filled between nonwoven fabrics.

The fertilizer is not particularly limited as long as it is a fertilizer generally used for plant growth, and examples thereof include a fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium, or a mixture thereof. , Thin rod, solid, rice husk, etc. The amount of fertilizer or a mixture of fertilizer and activated carbon enclosed in one lattice is generally 1 to 10 g.

Moreover, activated carbon may be attached or impregnated to at least one nonwoven fabric of the two nonwoven fabrics constituting the plant growing sheet, or a nonwoven fabric further adhered or impregnated with activated carbon is laminated on the plant growing sheet. May be.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of the plant growing sheet 18. In the figure, 14 is a polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 40 g / m ² ) having a width of 45 cm and a length of 158 cm, and 15 is an activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 80 g / m ² ). The nonwoven fabrics 14 and 15 are heat-welded so that the size of the lattice 16 is 60 mm long and 36 mm wide. The number of lattices is 230, and 1 g of granular fertilizer 17 mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is enclosed in each lattice.

The artificial soil constituent substrate according to claim 11 is characterized in that rock wool fibers or a molded product thereof are laminated on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituent substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 9. And

The above-mentioned rock wool fiber is obtained by melting blast furnace slag, basalt, etc. in a hot metal furnace at 1300 to 1500 ° C. to form a fiber, and its components (chemical composition) are about 35 to 45% by weight of SiO 2 and about 10% of Al 2 O 3. -20% by weight, CaO about 20-40%, MgO about 4-8%, MnO about 1-4% and Fe2 O3 about 0-10% by weight. Rock wool fiber does not contain seeds of pathogenic bacteria or weeds, has a water retention capacity of about 5 times its own weight, and grows strong when planted. Rock wool fiber is a non-combustible material that has excellent heat insulation and is certified by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and has an effect of preventing the spread of fire.

The density of the rock wool fiber molded body is preferably 25 kg / m ³ or more, and preferably 60 kg / m ³ or more when planting turf grass (sod). The shape of the molded body is preferably a non-woven fabric, a felt-shaped body, a plate-shaped body, a square bar, a granular material and a cotton-shaped body, which are easy to use. Moreover, it is preferable that a recessed part or a through-hole is formed in the molded body.

The shape of the concave portion is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include holes such as circular, elliptical, triangular, quadrangular, hexagonal, octagonal, and cross-shaped openings, linear notches, and strip-shaped grooves. . The shape of the through hole is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a quadrangle, a hexagon, an octagon, and a cross shape. Furthermore, a linear notch or a belt-like groove may be formed so as to intersect, and a hole or a through hole may be provided at the intersecting point. The diameter of the opening of the hole and the through hole is preferably 3 mm or more, and the width of the linear notch or the belt-like groove is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm. The concave portion and the through hole may be provided at regular intervals of about 10 to 30 mm, may be provided at random, may be formed on the entire surface of the molded body, or may be formed partially.

When laminating the above-mentioned rock wool fiber granules, it may be appropriately determined from the height suitable for the size of the plant to be planted, the maximum water retention amount of the rock wool fiber, etc., but generally laminated to a thickness of 20 mm or more. Is preferred.

When laminating the above-mentioned rock wool fiber square bars, it is preferable to laminate the square bars in a certain direction continuously without gaps or in parallel at equal intervals. A sheet of non-woven fabric, paper, cloth, net, synthetic resin sheet or aluminum foil in which a large number of through-holes are formed on one or both upper and lower surfaces of the square bars arranged continuously or in parallel at equal intervals. A belt-shaped rock wool fiber molded product bonded and laminated with an adhesive may be used.

The rock wool fiber and its molded body may be impregnated with water or fertilizer. It is also possible to grow plants by planting them directly on the above-mentioned rock wool fibers and molded articles thereof, particularly granular materials.

A plurality of the nonwoven fabrics, nets, plant growth sheets and rock wool fibers or molded products thereof, to which the nonwoven fabric and / or activated carbon is attached or impregnated, may be laminated together or in combination. In addition, each lamination order is not particularly limited, but when a nonwoven fabric and / or a nonwoven fabric to which activated carbon is attached or impregnated and other types are used in combination, the nonwoven fabric and / or activated carbon is attached or impregnated. It is preferable to laminate the non-woven fabric that has been formed on the surface thin plate of the hollow plate-like body, and to laminate the others on it.

In addition, when laminating the nonwoven fabric and / or the nonwoven fabric to which the activated carbon is adhered or impregnated, the net-like body, the plant growth sheet and the rock wool fiber or the molded body thereof, the occurrence of deviation after lamination is caused. When it is necessary to prevent it, it may be attached with an adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, etc., heat-sealed, or screwed and fixed.

The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 14 is characterized in that the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is formed in a box shape with a side wall standing upright. .

The shape of the artificial soil constituting base material serving as the bottom wall is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a quadrilateral shape, a hexagonal shape, an octagonal shape, and a circular shape. As the side wall, any plate-like body having mechanical strength can be used, but the hollow plate-like body having excellent air permeability, drainage, heat insulation and the like is preferable. The side wall may be erected by bending the end of the hollow plate-like body, or may be erected by assembling other hollow plate-like bodies.

7 is a perspective view showing an example of a box-shaped artificial soil constituting base material, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG. 7, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG.

In the figure, 19 is a flat square bottom wall made of a hollow plate-like body having a length of 45 cm, a width of 45 cm, and a thickness of 15 mm, and side walls 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d made of a hollow plate-like body on four sides of the bottom wall 19. Are stood to form a box-shaped artificial soil constituting base material. The side walls 20a and 20c are hollow plate-like bodies having a length of 30 cm, a width of 42 cm, and a thickness of 15 mm, and the side walls 20b and 20d are hollow plate-like bodies having a length of 30 cm, a width of 45 cm, and a thickness of 15 mm. In each hollow plate-like body, ribs 4, which are plate-like bodies having a thickness of 1.5 mm, are installed at intervals of 10 mm to form drainage channels 5. The side walls 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d are installed so that the respective ribs 4 are horizontal, that is, the drainage channel 5 is in the horizontal direction. The bottom wall 19 is installed such that the rib 4 (drainage channel 5) is in the direction from the side wall 20a to the side wall 20d.

The drainage channel 5 at both ends of the bottom wall 19 is inserted with a joining member 21a, which is an aluminum square bar having a length of 8 mm, a width of 8 mm, and a length of 420 mm, with through holes drilled at regular intervals. The drainage channel 5 at the lower ends of the side walls 20a and 20c has female screw holes at both ends and female screw holes at regular intervals. The length is 8 mm, the width is 8 mm, and the length is 420 mm. A joining member 21b, which is an aluminum square bar, is inserted. The upper and lower drainage channels 5 and 5 of the side wall 20a and the side wall 20c are joined to each other as an aluminum square bar having 8 mm length, 8 mm width, and 420 mm length, with female screw holes drilled in both ends. The member 21c is inserted and the side wall 2
Joint members 21d, which are 8 mm long, 8 mm wide, and 420 mm long aluminum square rods having through-holes formed in the drainage passages 6 at the upper end, middle portion, and lower end of 0b and 20d. Has been inserted.

As shown in FIG. 8, the joining member 21a and the joining member 21b are screwed by screws 22, 22,..., And the bottom wall 19, the side wall 20a, and the side wall 20c are fixed. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the joining member 21d and the joining member 21c are screwed by screws 22, 22,... To fix the side walls 20b and 20d, the side walls 20a and the side walls 20c.

Examples of the joining member 21 include a circular tube, a rectangular tube, a square bar, a circular bar, a plate, an angle, a channel, a hat, and the like. The material includes a metal, a synthetic resin, a timber, etc. Metals and synthetic resins are preferred when required.

In addition, in order to reinforce the box-shaped artificial soil constituent base material, a cross-sectional L-shaped material may be fixed to the ridge formed by the side walls and the side walls with bolts, nuts, screws, screws, etc. You may fix a channel to the upper end part formed by. The cross-sectional L-shaped material and the channel may be made of any material such as metal, synthetic resin, and timber, but metal is preferable when strength is required.

Between the bottom wall 19 and the side walls 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d and between the side walls 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d, a buffer such as a nonwoven fabric or a synthetic resin foam is provided for the purpose of waterproofing, root prevention intrusion, etc. A material may be interposed, and an adhesive, an adhesive, an adhesive tape, an adhesive tape, or the like may be interposed.

When the bottom wall 19 and the side wall 20a are fixed, the front thin plate 1 or the back thin plate 2 of the side wall 20a is removed from the bottom to the position of the second to tenth ribs 4 at intervals of 20 to 50 mm, and the ribs 4 and the bottom wall 19 are removed. A through-hole may be drilled and a bolt, nut, screw or the like may be fitted and fixed. Also, when fixing the side walls, remove a part of the front or back thin plate on one side wall, install a fixture on the rib, drill a through hole on the other side wall, bolts, nuts, screws, etc. May be inserted and fixed. By adopting this method, the box-shaped artificial soil constituent base material can be easily assembled or disassembled in a short time.

10-13 is explanatory drawing which shows the different method of fixing a bottom wall and a side wall or a side wall, and a side wall. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 19 denotes a bottom wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate 1 and a back thin plate 2 are laminated via ribs 4 of a plate-like body installed substantially in parallel. 2 is provided with a through hole 46. Reference numeral 3 denotes a band-shaped through hole formed in the surface thin plate 1. Reference numeral 20 denotes a side wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via plate-like ribs 4 arranged substantially in parallel. And the rib 4 in contact with the punched-out portion 44 is cut off. Also, the rib 4 below the punched portion 44 has a through hole 45.
Is drilled. A bolt 47 is inserted into the through hole 45 and the through hole 46 and fixed with a nut 48 located below the back thin plate 2 of the bottom wall 19, thereby fixing the bottom wall 19 and the side wall 20. Reference numerals 49 and 49 denote washers.

In FIG. 11, the bottom wall 19 and the side wall 20 are fixed by fixing the bolt 47 with a nut 48 positioned below the surface thin plate 1 of the bottom wall 19. Others are the same as FIG.

In FIG. 12, reference numeral 19 denotes a bottom wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate 1 and a back thin plate 2 are laminated via ribs 4 of a plate-like body installed substantially in parallel. 2 is provided with a through hole 46. Reference numeral 3 denotes a band-shaped through hole formed in the surface thin plate 1. 20a is a side wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which a drainage channel 4 is formed by laminating a thin plate and a back thin plate through ribs 4 of a plate-like body installed substantially in parallel. The rib 4 is cut out to form a cut-out portion 44 and the rib 4 in contact with the cut-out portion 44 is cut off. A through hole 45 is formed in the rib 4 below the punched-out portion 44, and a U-shaped bolt fixing tool 50 is installed at an end portion where the rib 4 is cut off. In addition, a through-hole into which a bolt can be inserted is formed at a substantially central portion of the bolt fixture 50.

20b is a side wall formed of a hollow plate-like body laminated through a rib 4a of a plate-like body in which the front thin plate 1a and the back thin plate 2a are installed substantially in parallel. The front thin plate 1a and the back thin plate 2a have through holes. 46a is drilled. A bolt 47 is inserted into the through hole 45 and the through hole 46, and is fixed by a nut 48 positioned below the surface thin plate 1 of the bottom wall 19, whereby the bottom wall 19 and the side wall 20a are fixed. Reference numeral 47a denotes a bolt, which is inserted into the through hole of the bolt fixture 50, the drainage channel 5 and the through hole 46a of the side wall 20a, and fixed by a nut 48a located on the side of the surface thin plate 1a of the side wall 20b. The side wall 20b and the side wall 20a are fixed. Reference numerals 49 and 49a denote washers.

In FIG. 13, reference numeral 19 denotes a bottom wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which the front thin plate 1 and the back thin plate 2 are laminated via the ribs 4 of the plate-like body arranged substantially in parallel. 2 is provided with a through hole 46. Reference numeral 3 denotes a band-shaped through hole formed in the surface thin plate 1. 20a is a side wall made of a hollow plate-like body in which a drainage channel 4 is formed by laminating a thin plate and a back thin plate through ribs 4 of a plate-like body installed substantially in parallel. The rib 4 is cut out to form the cut-out portion 44a and the cut-out portion 44b, and the rib 4 that is in contact with the cut-out portion 44a and the cut-out portion 44b is cut off.

Further, a through hole 45 is formed in the rib 4 below the punched-out portion 44a, and a U-shaped bolt fixing tool 50 is installed at the end of the ribped-out portion 44b where the rib 4 is cut. In addition, a through hole into which a bolt can be inserted is formed in a substantially central portion of the bolt fixing member 50, and the bolt fixing member 50 is installed so that the foot portion is substantially flush with the side end portion of the side wall 20a. Yes. 20b is a side wall formed of a hollow plate-like body laminated through a rib 4a of a plate-like body in which the front thin plate 1a and the back thin plate 2a are installed substantially in parallel. The front thin plate 1a and the back thin plate 2a have through holes. 46a is drilled.

A bolt 47 is inserted into the through hole 45 and the through hole 46, and is fixed by a nut 48 positioned below the surface thin plate 1 of the bottom wall 19, whereby the bottom wall 19 and the side wall 20a are fixed. Reference numeral 47a denotes a bolt, which is inserted into the through hole of the bolt fixture 50, the drainage channel 5 and the through hole 46a of the side wall 20a, and fixed by a nut 48a located on the side of the surface thin plate 1a of the side wall 20b. The side wall 20b and the side wall 20a are fixed. Reference numerals 49 and 49a denote washers. As the said bolt fixing tool 50, a thing with high mechanical strength is preferable, and it is preferable to manufacture with raw materials, such as a metal, a thermoplastic resin, and a thermosetting resin. The punched-out portion may be formed by punching out both the front and back thin plates and closing the opening of one thin plate with another member such as a rubber molded product.

Furthermore, the artificial soil constituent base material made into the box shape may form a small room by erecting a wall material therein, and the wall material according to any one of claims 1 to 10 described above. An artificial soil constituent substrate is used. The artificial soil constituent base material may be cut into a shape of a development view of a box, folded, and formed into a box. For example, a box can be formed upright by punching the artificial soil constituent base material into a shape in which a side wall is connected to each side of a substantially rectangular bottom wall and folding each side wall. In this case, it is possible to assemble more easily by forming a fitting protrusion or an uneven portion on the side surface of the side wall. In addition, a cut may be formed in at least one of the front and back thin plates to facilitate bending.

Since the artificial soil constituting base material has a box shape, it can be used as a flower pot, and can be cultivated by filling it with soil or the like. Moreover, since a box-shaped artificial soil constituent base material is large, it becomes heavy, so a caster may be installed at the bottom or a handle may be installed on the side wall. By carrying out like this, it can move freely and change a position, filling up artificial soil constituent base material with soil etc. and growing a plant.

The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 15 is formed by bending the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or having side walls standing at both ends of the artificial soil constituent base material. It is characterized by being grooved.

As the side wall, any plate-like body having mechanical strength can be used, but the hollow plate-like body having excellent air permeability, drainage, heat insulation and the like is preferable. The side wall may be erected by bending the end of the hollow plate-like body, or may be erected by assembling other hollow plate-like bodies.

FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing an example of a groove-shaped artificial soil constituting base material. Reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 80 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm, and the rib 4 (discharge path 5) is installed in the vertical direction. The back thin plate 2 that is 18 cm inward from both ends in the horizontal direction of the hollow plate-like body 6 is cut in the rib 4 direction, and the front thin plate 1 is bent to form a groove shape. Reference numeral 20 denotes a side wall made of a hollow plate-like body having a length of 18 cm, a width of 50 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm, and is fixed to the open end of the groove-shaped artificial soil constituent base material with screws, bolts, etc. The end of the soil constituent substrate is closed and reinforced.

Since the artificial soil-constituting substrate is formed in a basket shape, one or a plurality of them can be arranged in a field or the like and filled with soil or the like to form a basket to grow a plant. Also, by embedding it at the end of a garden or field, it is possible to prevent dead leaves of plants and soil from flowing out to the outside, and to prevent plant buds and roots from extending to the outside. Can be suitably used. In this case, in order to reinforce the artificial soil constituent base material, the hollow plate-like body may be laminated around the artificial soil constituent base material, or both side walls may be fixed with bolts, cross-sectional shape L-shaped materials, etc. Good.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned saddle-shaped artificial soil constituting base material can be greened by forming it into a size that matches the concave groove of the folded plate roof and fitting and fixing it in the concave groove. In addition, arbitrary methods may be employ | adopted for fixation of the cage-shaped artificial soil constituent base material to a folded-plate roof, For example, the method of fixing with a volt | bolt / nut, a screw, a permanent magnet, etc. is mentioned. When fixing with a permanent magnet, a plurality of rod-like permanent magnets may be inserted into the drainage channel of the hollow plate-like body.

The artificial soil constituent substrate according to claim 16 is the artificial soil constituent substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein a number of through holes are formed in the back thin plate.

The shape of the through hole is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a band such as a straight line, a curve, and a meandering line, a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, a geometric pattern, and a spiral pattern. A belt-like through hole is preferable, and is preferably provided so as to intersect the rib. The crossing angle means that water that has reached the surface thin plate enters the drainage channel through the through hole of the surface thin plate and is further discharged downward through the through hole of the back thin plate. Vertical is preferred.

The width of the band-shaped through-hole is not particularly limited, but if the width is narrowed, the drainage and air permeability between the back thin plate and the drainage channel will be reduced, and if the width is widened, the roots of the plant will easily invade, and the drained root will drain the water. Since drainage and air permeability of the road are lowered, 1 to 3 mm is preferable. Further, the interval between the band-shaped through hole and the band-shaped through hole is preferably 10 to 40 mm because load resistance decreases when the interval is narrow, and drainage and air permeability decrease when the interval is wide.

The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 17 is characterized in that a soil layer is laminated on the upper surface of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

The soil is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known soil can be used, but sand, gravel, stones, artificial porous bodies (artificial stones such as pumice produced from glass waste materials) are used as the soil. Etc. may be added, and sand, gravel, stone, or an artificial porous body alone or a mixture thereof may be used. In addition, since soil suitable for plant growth is preferable, it is preferable that fertilizers are blended according to the type of plant, for example, fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, etc., humus, minerals, seaweeds, activated carbon, Soil containing a desiccant, grain, rock wool fiber, etc. is preferred.

The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 18 is formed by laminating the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 16 on an upper surface of a stone layer, rock wool fiber or a molded body layer thereof, and further, A soil layer is laminated on the upper surface.

The stone layer is a layer that improves the drainage effect, and is composed of gravel, crushed stone, artificial stone, or the like, and preferably has a thickness of 5 cm or more. The rock wool fiber or a molded body layer thereof is a layer made of the aforementioned rock wool fiber or a molded body thereof.

In the soil layer, a hollow plate-like body is formed by laminating a front thin plate having a large number of through holes and a back thin plate having a large number of through holes formed through a large number of ribs. May be. The hollow plate-like body is a hollow plate-like body in which a number of through holes are formed in the back thin plate of the hollow plate-like body described in claim 1, and by laminating this, the drainage of the soil layer In addition, air permeability, heat insulation, etc. are improved, and it can be suitably used particularly in a stadium where drainage is required.

The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 20 is the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 17, 18 or 19, wherein turf grass is planted in the soil layer. The above artificial soil structure for plant growth is excellent in breathability, drainage, heat insulation, etc., and is rich in nutrients, so turf grass (sod) and turf grass seeds planted in the soil layer should be cultivated well Can do.

Further, it is preferable that the above-mentioned rock wool fiber or a molded product thereof and the soil layer are alternately laminated on the soil layer, and the uppermost surface may be the rock wool fiber or the molded product thereof. It may be. Plants can be cultivated by planting plants or seeding the rock wool fibers or molded bodies or soil layers thereof. Between the rock wool fiber or molded body thereof and the soil layer, in the rock wool fiber or molded body thereof or in the soil, a surface thin plate having a large number of through holes and a large number of through holes are drilled. A hollow plate-like body in which the back thin plate is laminated via a large number of ribs may be laminated, thereby improving the air permeability, heat insulating properties, etc. of the rock wool fiber or the molded body thereof and the soil layer. .

The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 23, wherein turf grass is planted on a rock wool fiber on the surface or a molded product or a soil layer thereof. Structure. The artificial soil structure for plant growth is excellent in breathability, drainage, heat insulation, etc. and is rich in nutrients, so turf grass (sod) and turf grass planted in rock wool fiber or its molded body or soil layer Seeds can be bred vigorously.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing an example of an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 90 cm, a width of 45 cm, and a thickness of 9 mm. , 6 are connected so that the drainage channels 5, 5 are parallel. Reference numeral 3 denotes a band-shaped through hole formed in the surface thin plate 1, and a plurality of holes are formed at regular intervals in a direction orthogonal to the drainage channel 5.

90cm long and 90cm wide polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area 40g / m ² ) and 90cm long and 90cm wide polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area 80g / m ² ). A plant growth sheet 18 that is heat-welded to a width of 36 mm and in which 1 g of granular fertilizer mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is enclosed in each lattice is hollow so that the polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric with activated carbon is on the upper side It is laminated on the plate-like body 6.

On the plant growing sheet 18, a polypropylene mesh 23 having a vertical pitch and a horizontal pitch of 5 mm is laminated, and a soil 24 mixed with fertilizer is laminated thereon, and a 6 cm thick artificial plant growing plant is formed. A soil structure is formed. In addition, the net-like body 23 was fixed to the plant growing sheet 18 with an adhesive tape, and the total weight was 52 kg / m ² when dried and 56 kg / m ² when maximum water retention was performed. Reference numeral 25 denotes turfgrass (sod), which indicates a state in which turfgrass is vegetated.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing a different example of an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 100 cm, a width of 100 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm. On the hollow plate 6, rock wool fiber square bars 26, 26... Are arranged in parallel, and a soil 24 mixed with fertilizer is laminated on the square bars 26 to grow a plant having a thickness of 7 cm. An artificial soil structure is formed.

The square bar 26 was a rectangular parallelepiped having a height of 5 cm, a width of 5 cm, and a length of 50 cm, which was compression-molded by adding a bonding agent to rock wool fibers, and its density was 250 kg / m ³ . The total weight was 32 kg / m ² when dried and 88 kg / m ² when the maximum water was retained. Reference numeral 25 denotes turfgrass (sod), which indicates a state in which turfgrass is vegetated.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing a different example of an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm, and a plurality of strip-like through holes 3 are formed in the thin plate 1 at regular intervals in a direction orthogonal to the drainage channel 5. The hollow plate-like bodies 6, 6... Are 90 cm long, 2 cm wide, 14.6 mm in cross-sectional shape I-type joint 9a and 90 cm long, 2 cm wide, 14.6 mm high, with a substantially elliptical shape on the vertical wall. The drainage channels 5 and 5 are connected in parallel by a joint 9b having an I-shaped cross section in which a large number of through-holes are formed.

Table sheet 1 of the hollow plate-shaped body 6, 6 ..., the activated carbon adhered polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric (basis weight 80g / m ²⁾ 15 are stacked, plate-like body 27, the rock wool fibers thereon -Is laminated, and the soil 24 mixed with fertilizer is laminated on the plate-like body 27 to form an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation having a thickness of 7 cm. The surface thin plate 1 of the hollow plate-like body 6 and the activated carbon-attached polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric 15 are fixed with an adhesive tape.

The plate-like body 27 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a thickness of 5 cm, which is compression-molded by adding a binder to rock wool fibers, and has a density of 200 kg / m ³ and a through hole 28 having a diameter of 25 mm. Are drilled at intervals of 30 mm. The total weight was 29 kg / m ² when dried and 50 kg / m ² when the maximum water was retained. Reference numeral 25 denotes turfgrass (sod), which indicates a state in which turfgrass is vegetated.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an example of an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 100 cm, a width of 100 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm, and a large number of belt-like through holes are formed at regular intervals in a direction orthogonal to the drainage channel 5. At the end of the hollow plate-like body 6, the back thin plate 2 is cut along the drainage channel 5 and is bent upward to form a side wall 20 having a height of about 10 cm.

On the surface plate of the hollow plate-like body 6, 6,..., An activated carbon-attached polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 80 g / m ² ) 15 is laminated, and a soil 24 containing a 10 mm thick fertilizer is added to the thickness 24 25 mm thick rock wool fiber plate 27, soil 24 mixed with 10 mm thick fertilizer, 25 mm thick rock wool fiber plate 27, and soil 24 mixed with 10 mm thick fertilizer By stacking, an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation having a thickness of about 9 cm is formed. The surface thin plate 1 of the hollow plate-like body 6 and the activated carbon-attached polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric 15 are fixed with an adhesive tape.

The plate-like body 27 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a thickness of 25 mm, which is compression-molded by adding a bonding agent to rock wool fibers, and has a density of 200 kg / m ³ and a through hole 28 having a diameter of 25 mm. Is drilled so that the aperture ratio is 10%. The total weight was 55 kg / m ² when dried and 85 kg / m ² when the maximum water was retained. Reference numeral 25 denotes turfgrass (sod), which indicates a state in which turfgrass is vegetated.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a different example of an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the figure, reference numeral 6 denotes a hollow plate-like body having a length of 100 cm, a width of 100 cm, and a thickness of 12 mm. A large number of circular through-holes 29 are formed in the surface thin plate 1 at regular intervals.

The surface thin plate 1 of the hollow plate-like bodies 6, 6... Is made of polypropylene having an activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area 80 g / m ² ) 15 laminated thereon, and a vertical pitch and a horizontal pitch of 5 mm. A net-like body 23 is laminated, and a rock wool fiber plate 27 having a thickness of 25 mm, a soil 24 in which a fertilizer having a thickness of 10 mm is mixed, and a rock wool fiber plate 27 having a thickness of 25 mm. And the soil 24 with which the fertilizer of thickness 10mm was mix | blended is laminated | stacked one by one, and the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation of thickness about 85mm is formed. In addition, the surface thin plate 1 of the hollow plate-like body 6, the activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric 15, and the net-like body 23 are fixed with an adhesive tape.

The plate-like body 27 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a length of 20 cm, a width of 20 cm, and a thickness of 25 mm, which is compression-molded by adding a bonding agent to rock wool fibers, and has a density of 200 kg / m ³ and a through hole 28 having a diameter of 25 mm. Is drilled so that the aperture ratio is 10%. The total weight was 40 kg / m ² when dried and 70 kg / m ² when the maximum water was retained. Reference numeral 25 denotes turfgrass (sod), which indicates a state in which turfgrass is vegetated.

When the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claims 17 to 23 is installed in a garden, a flower bed, a field, a golf course, a sports stadium with turf vegetation or the like, the drainage, breathability, and heat insulation of the part In addition, the heat retention and the like are improved and the growth of flowers, vegetables, lawns, etc. is promoted. However, when people pass, it is preferable to provide a planting part for growing plants and a walking part for passing people. .

The walking part may be formed by any conventionally known method such as simply forming with soil, laying stones on the soil, solidifying the soil with concrete, or the like. When the planting part which consists of an artificial soil structure is formed, it is preferable that the drainage of a planting part is drained suitably and air permeability is excellent.

Therefore, the greening structure according to claim 24 is provided on the side surface of the drainage rib of the artificially constructed base material formed in the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 17 to 23. On the upper surface of the hollow plate-like body, which is the surface of the hollow plate-like body in which the soil-constituting substrate or the front and back thin plates and the thin laminates are laminated via a large number of ribs, the permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete Further, a walking portion is provided by laminating any one of stone, artificial stone, rubber block, rubber sheet, and wood construction member.

The hollow plate-like body constituting the building member is a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of ribs, and the ribs are installed substantially in parallel to form a drainage channel. And many through-holes may be perforated in the front thin plate and the back thin plate. The structure of the hollow plate-like body, the material constituting it, etc. are as described in claim 1, and the shape of a large number of through holes formed in the front thin plate and the back thin plate is also as described in claim 1. A belt-like through-hole drilled so as to intersect the drainage channel is preferable, and a belt-shaped through-hole drilled so as to be orthogonal to the drainage channel is more preferable. Moreover, the through-hole may be drilled in the rib.

The building member is formed by laminating water permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, artificial stone, rubber block, rubber sheet, or wood on the surface plate of the hollow plate body. Any method may be employed, and examples thereof include a method of bonding with concrete, cement, an epoxy resin adhesive, a urethane resin adhesive, or the like. Further, a laminate such as a nonwoven fabric or a nonwoven fabric made of rock wool fibers may be adhered and laminated between the building member and the surface sheet of the hollow plate-like body with the above-mentioned adhesive or the like.

The planting part and the walking part are arranged so that the drainage channels of the hollow plate-like bodies are substantially parallel and communicate with each other. The planting part and the walking part may simply be arranged with the end parts so that the drainage channels are substantially parallel and communicate with each other, but for example, the end face of the hollow plate-like body so that the drainage is smoother. A method of adhering the butt end surfaces to each other with an adhesive, a method of adhering the end of the hollow plate-like body to the butt end surface with a waterproof adhesive tape, a root-proof intrusion adhesive sheet, etc. , A method of fixing with a bolt or the like, a method in which a thin plate and a plate-like rib in the vicinity of the end portion are punched and removed, and a method of fixing with a bolt and a nut to a through hole formed in the plate-like rib at the end portion from the punched-out portion It is preferable to join the hollow plate-like body of the planting part and the hollow plate-like body of the walking part by a method such as a method of fitting and fixing the end part to a joint that can fit the end part of the artificial soil constituting base material.

FIG. 20 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the greening structure according to claim 20. In the figure, 30 and 30 are planting parts, which are arranged via the walking part 31. The planting part 30 is an artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 17 to 23, and the walking part 31 is formed by adhering stone materials 32, 32,. The hollow plate-like drainage channel 5a of the planting unit 30 and the hollow plate-like drainage channel 5b of the walking unit 31 are substantially parallel and communicated with each other as shown by the broken lines.

The plant roof greening structure according to claim 25 is an artificial plant-growing plant according to any one of claims 17 to 23 via a heat insulating material layer on a building roof on which a waterproof layer is formed. The soil structure is laminated.

The waterproof layer is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known waterproof layer may be employed, for example, a synthetic resin sheet such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and vinyl chloride resin; rubber sheet; polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride resin, polystyrene Synthetic resin foam sheets such as polyurethane; rubber foam sheets; liquid resins such as modified asphalt, epoxy resin, and urethane resin, and the like, and may be coated, laid, or applied alone or in combination. The above-mentioned heat insulating material insulates between the building frame and the artificial soil structure for plant growth so that the temperature of the frame is not transmitted to the artificial soil structure for plant growth. It is preferable to have excellent heat insulation, water impermeability, mechanical strength, etc., such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride resin, etc. Synthetic resin sheet; rubber sheet; synthetic resin foam sheet such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride resin, polystyrene, polyurethane, etc .; rubber foam sheet; modified asphalt, epoxy resin, urethane resin, and the like.

Further, as a heat insulating material, a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of ribs, and a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of plate-like ribs to obtain a plate-like body. A hollow plate-like body in which a gas passage is formed by a rib can be suitably used. The structure and materials of these hollow plate-like bodies are the same as those of the hollow plate-like bodies described in claims 1 and 5, but heat insulation and sound reduction are better if the through-holes are not perforated on the thin plate. Since it is excellent, it is preferable. Two or more kinds of the heat insulating materials may be laminated and used.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view showing an example of a building roof greening structure according to a twenty-sixth aspect. In the figure, 33 is a housing of a building on which a waterproof layer is formed. The housing 33 has a height of 9 cm between a square front and back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm. A rib of a plate-like body having a thickness of 4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm is installed every 30 mm, and a heat insulating material layer 34 made of a hollow plate-like body in which a drainage channel is formed is laminated.

A hollow plate-like body 6 is laminated on the heat insulating material layer 34. The hollow plate-like body 6 has a height of 9.4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm of plate-like ribs every 30 mm between a square front and back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm and a thickness of 1.3 mm. A drainage channel is formed, and a thin strip-shaped through hole having a width of 2.5 mm is drilled in parallel every 30 mm on the surface thin plate.

The hollow plate-like body 6 is laminated with an activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area 80 g / m ² ) 15, and a polypropylene mesh body 23 having a longitudinal pitch and a horizontal pitch of 5 mm is further laminated thereon. On top of that, rock wool fiber granules 35 having a diameter of approximately 5 mm are sequentially laminated to form a rooftop greening structure of the building. In addition, the hollow plate-like body 6, the activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric 15, and the net-like body 23 are fixed with an adhesive tape.

The rock wool fiber granule 35 is obtained by pulverizing a compact formed by compression molding by adding a bonding agent to rock wool fiber, and its density is 200 kg / m ³ . Plants such as sod can be vegetated on the rock wool fiber granules 35.

When the artificial soil structure for plant growth including the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 16 as a constituent element is laminated as the artificial soil structure for plant growth, the artificial soil constituent base material has a large number of through holes in the back thin plate. Since water and rainwater sprayed on the soil layer penetrates up to the heat insulating material, it is preferable to use a non-permeable heat insulating material so that water does not penetrate into the building frame. It is more preferable that the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is laminated between the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation and the heat insulating material so that water that has penetrated to the material can be suitably drained. .

That is, the building roof greening structure according to claim 26 is an artificial roof according to any one of claims 1 to 6 through a heat insulating material layer on a building roof on which a waterproof layer is formed. The soil-constituting substrate, the artificial soil-constituting substrate according to claim 16, and a soil layer are sequentially laminated.

Further, rock wool fibers or a molded product thereof and a soil layer may be alternately laminated on the soil layer, and the uppermost surface may be a rock wool fiber or a molded product or a soil layer thereof.

Furthermore, the surface thin plate in which the above-described many through holes are drilled between the soil layer and the rock wool fiber or the molded body thereof, the rock wool fiber or the molded body thereof or the soil layer, and the numerous through holes are drilled. A hollow plate-like body formed by laminating the provided back thin plate via a large number of ribs may be laminated, and in this way, between the rock wool fiber or its molded body and the soil layer, The air permeability and heat insulation of the molded body and soil layer are improved.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing an example of a building roof greening structure according to claim 26. In the figure, 33 is a housing of a building on which a waterproof layer is formed. The housing 33 has a height of 9 cm between a square front and back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm, and a thickness of 1.3 mm. A rib of a plate-like body having a thickness of 4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm is installed every 30 mm, and a heat insulating material layer 34 made of a hollow plate-like body in which a drainage channel is formed is laminated.

An artificial soil constituent base material 36 is laminated on the heat insulating material layer 34. The artificial soil constituting base material 36 has a height of 9.4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm plate-like ribs every 30 mm between a square front and back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm and a thickness of 1.3 mm. In addition, a drainage channel is formed, and a straight strip-shaped through-hole having a width of 2.5 mm is drilled in parallel in every 30 mm on the surface thin plate.

The artificial soil constituting base material 36 is laminated with a hollow plate-like body 37 in which band-like through holes are formed in both the front and back thin plates. The hollow plate-like body 37 has a height of 9.4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm of plate-like ribs every 30 mm between a square front and back thin plate having a length of 90 cm, a width of 90 cm and a thickness of 1.3 mm. A drainage channel is formed, and a front and rear thin plate is provided with a straight belt-like through hole having a width of 2.5 mm in parallel every 30 mm.

The hollow plate-like body 37 is laminated with an activated carbon-attached polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 80 g / m ² ) 15 and a polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight per unit area: 40 g / m ² ) having a length of 90 cm and a width of 90 cm. Activated carbon-adhesive polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric (weight 80 g / m ² ) 90 cm long and 90 cm wide is heat welded so that the lattice size is 60 mm long and 36 mm wide, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added to each lattice. A plant growth sheet 18 in which 1 g of mixed granular fertilizer is enclosed is laminated.

The plant growth sheet 18 is laminated with a polypropylene mesh 23 having a vertical pitch and a horizontal pitch of 5 mm, and further, a rock wool fiber granule 35 having a diameter of about 5 mm is sequentially laminated thereon. The soil 24 is laminated | stacked on the building, and the greening structure of a building rooftop is formed. The hollow plate 37, the activated carbon-adhered polyester spunbond nonwoven fabric 15, the plant growing sheet 18, and the mesh 23 are fixed with an adhesive tape.

The rock wool fiber granule 35 is obtained by pulverizing a compact formed by compression molding by adding a bonding agent to rock wool fiber, and its density is 200 kg / m ³ . The soil 24 is the surface, and plants such as sod can be vegetated on the soil 24.

The rooftop greening structure for a building according to claim 28 is a drainage rib of the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 17 to 23 via a heat insulating material layer on a housing on the building roof. On the side surface, the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 1 or the upper surface of the hollow plate-shaped body hitting the rib side surface of the hollow plate-shaped body laminated with the surface thin plate and the back thin plate via a plurality of ribs, The drainage channel of the hollow plate-like body is communicated with the walking part made of a building material made of laminated water permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, rubber block, rubber sheet or wood. It is characterized by being arranged in.

The artificial roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the building roof greening structure according to claim 29 is provided on a housing in which a waterproof layer is formed on the building roof via a heat insulating material layer. The artificial soil constituting substrate or the front thin plate and the back according to claim 1 on the drainage channel rib side surface of the artificial soil constituting substrate, wherein the substrate, the artificial soil constituting substrate according to claim 16 and the soil layer are sequentially laminated. On the upper surface of the hollow plate-like body, which is the hollow plate-like body laminated with many ribs through the rib side surface, water permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, rubber block, rubber sheet or It is characterized in that the drainage channel of the hollow plate-like body is arranged in parallel with and in communication with the walking part made of a building member in which wood is laminated.

Also in the rooftop greening structure of the building, it is preferable that a planting surface for growing plants and a walking part through which people pass are provided, and the structure of the walking part is as described in claim 24.

Moreover, rock wool fiber or its molded object, and a soil layer may be laminated | stacked alternately on the soil layer of a planting part, and a rock wool fiber, its molded object, or a soil layer may be the uppermost surface.

Furthermore, in the soil layer, in the rock wool fiber or molded product thereof, the surface thin plate in which the aforementioned numerous through holes are drilled between the rock wool fiber or molded product and the soil layer, and numerous through holes are drilled. A hollow plate-like body formed by laminating a thin back plate with a plurality of ribs may be laminated, and in this way, a soil layer, rock wool fiber or molded body thereof, and rock wool fiber or molded body thereof Improves air permeability, heat insulation, etc. between soil and soil layer.

In the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claims 17 to 23, the greening structure according to claim 24, and the green roofing structure according to claim 25 to 33, a soil layer and rock wool fiber or a molded body layer thereof In order to improve the air permeability, a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of ribs, or a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of plate-like ribs, Even if the hollow plate-like body in which the gas passage is formed by the ribs is erected in or around the soil layer, the rock wool fiber, or the molded body layer thereof so that the gas passage faces in the vertical direction Good.

When the hollow plate-like body is erected in the soil layer or in the rock wool fiber or the molded body layer thereof, it may be embedded, or one end may be exposed on the surface. In the case where the hollow plate-like body is erected around the soil layer and the rock wool fiber or the molded body layer thereof, the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claims 17 to 23 and the greening structure according to claim 24 have a garden. In the building roof greening structure according to claims 25 to 33, it acts as a peripheral wall of the building roof greening structure, so that it is the same as the soil layer and the rock wool fiber or its molded body layer. It is preferable to stand upright or higher.

The hollow plate-like body has a through-hole formed in at least one of the front thin plate and the back thin plate so that air and moisture flow between the gas passage and the soil layer and the rock wool fiber or the molded body layer thereof. In addition, when the through hole is formed, it is preferable that the nonwoven fabric is laminated so that soil, rock wool fiber or a molded product thereof, plant roots and the like do not enter the gas passage. However, in the building roof greening structure according to claims 25 to 33, when standing around the building roof greening structure, so that drainage does not leak from the building roof greening structure to the building roof. It is preferable that at least the thin plate located on the outer periphery is not provided with a through hole. The structure and the material of the hollow plate-like body are the same as the hollow plate-like body described in claim 1.

In the building roof greening structure of Claims 25-33, in order to drain suitably the drainage from a building roof greening structure, and to improve the air permeability of a soil layer and a rock wool fiber, or its molded object layer A hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of ribs, or a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of plate-like ribs, and the drainage channel is formed by the plate-like ribs. The hollow plate-shaped body that is formed and has a through-hole formed in the surface thin plate so that the drainage channel faces the horizontal direction, and the surface thin plate touches the building rooftop greening structure (so that it faces the inside) ) You may stand up around it.

In this case, the plate-like ribs are preferably provided with through holes so that the drainage collects downward, and the nonwoven fabric is used so that soil, rock wool fibers or molded articles thereof, plant roots, etc. do not enter the drainage channel. Are preferably laminated.

As a method for fixing the hollow plate-like body to the building rooftop greening structure, any conventionally known method may be employed. For example, a heat insulating layer or an artificial soil constituting base material (hollow plate of the building rooftop greening structure) And a method of fixing to the shape) by the method described in claim 14. The structure and the material of the hollow plate-like body are the same as the hollow plate-like body described in claim 1.

In the building roof greening structure of Claims 25-33, in order to drain suitably the drainage from a building roof greening structure, the hollow plate-like body for drainage of a building roof greening structure (FIG. 21). 6 and 36) in FIG. 22 is provided with a drainage joint having a drainage channel that is substantially orthogonal to the drainage channel, which collects and drains drainage from the drainage channel. May be.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view showing an example of the drainage joint. In the figure, 38 is a drainage joint, and a cross-sectional ladder in which an upper plate 40 and a lower plate 41 are laminated via three vertical walls 39, 39 ′, 39 ″ and drainage channels 42, 42 ′ are formed. A plurality of through holes 43 are formed in the vertical walls 39 ′ and 39 ″.
The drainage joint 38 connects the vertical wall 39 "side to the hollow plate-shaped body for drainage of the building rooftop greening structure, so that the drainage discharged from the building rooftop greening structure is drained through the drainage channels 42, 42 '. Drained through.

As the material constituting the upper plate, the lower plate and the vertical wall, the same material as the material constituting the surface thin plate, the back thin plate and the rib of the hollow plate-like body according to claim 1 may be used, and the thickness thereof may also be used. Preferably, the hollow plate-like body according to claim 1 is substantially the same as the front thin plate, the back thin plate, and the rib.

The width of the drainage joint 38 is preferably 15 mm or more, more preferably 30 to 100 mm, and the length is 30 to 100 mm because the drainage joint 38 is connected to the drainage hollow plate-like body of the building rooftop greening structure. What is necessary is just to be determined according to the width | variety of a chemical structure, and you may connect several joints for drainage. In addition, the space between the upper plate and the lower plate can be fitted when fitted to the hollow plate-like body, and the thickness of the hollow plate-like body is substantially the same as the thickness of the hollow plate-like body when they are connected to each other. What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to the thickness of a shape.

In addition, the shape of the through hole formed in the vertical wall is not particularly limited. For example, a straight line, a curved line, a band such as a meander line, a polygon such as a triangle, a quadrangle, and a hexagon, a circle, an ellipse, and a geometric pattern , Swirl patterns and the like.

The connection between the drainage joint 38 and the hollow plate-like body for drainage of the rooftop greening structure of the building is made by simply butting the hollow plate-like body and the drainage joint or simply fitting the hollow plate-like body into the drainage joint. However, in order to fix it more firmly and prevent the roots from entering, it is waterproof to the joint between the hollow plate and drainage joint or the joint where the hollow plate and drainage joint are fitted. Adhesive tape or a root-proof intrusion adhesive sheet may be affixed, or a cushioning material such as a synthetic resin foam sheet may be interposed between the hollow plate-like body and the drainage joint, and further bonded with an adhesive. May be.

Since the structure of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1 is as described above, it is thin and lightweight, has excellent workability and workability such as assembly, dismantling, and movement, and has a mechanical strength. Even if a work vehicle or the like passes over it and is subjected to a large load, it is not destroyed. Since the space between the front and back thin plates is hollow, air permeability is good, and when this hollow portion communicates with the outside air, fresh air can always be maintained and gas that causes problems in plant growth can be discharged. it can. An air layer is formed in the hollow portion, and heat insulation is excellent in summer, and heat retention is excellent in winter. In addition, since a large number of band-shaped through holes are formed in the front thin plate, the water above the artificial soil constituent base material enters the space between the front thin plate and the back thin plate through the through hole and is efficiently drained. Therefore, when the artificial soil constituent base material is buried in the ground, the drainage, breathability, heat insulation, heat insulation, etc. of the part are improved, so drainage is improved around the road, drainage is good, and a puddle occurs. In sports fields with vegetation, flower beds, golf courses, and lawn vegetation, the growth of flowers, vegetables, trees, lawns, etc. is well drained, breathable, insulated in summer, and warm in winter. Is promoted.

Moreover, since the through hole has a belt shape and is formed so as to intersect the drainage channel, the drainage property is more excellent.

The structure of the artificial soil constituent base material of Claims 2-4 is as above-mentioned, can store water in the drainage channel of an artificial soil constituent base material, and the water-saving labor saving and heat insulation resulting from water retention are Are better. Therefore, when the artificial soil constituent base material is buried in the ground such as around the road, the surface temperature of the portion decreases due to the vaporization phenomenon.

The structure of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 5 is as described above, and is easily installed in a wide field, a flower bed, a golf course, a sports stadium with turf vegetation, etc. because it is made large by a joint. be able to. Moreover, it can also be cut | disconnected and used for arbitrary shapes, for example, can be installed also in a place like a basket or a place like a triangle.

The structure of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 6 is as described above, and the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material has a slatted shape, a corrugated plate shape, an uneven shape, a box shape or a bowl shape, and has a thickness direction. Since the molded body in which the through-hole is formed is laminated, the heat insulating property, the drainage property, etc. are more excellent.

The structure of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 7 is as described above, and the surface of the artificial soil constituting base material is laminated with a non-woven fabric and / or a non-woven fabric in which activated carbon is adhered or impregnated. The soil is prevented from flowing out to the drainage channel and the roots of the plant are prevented from extending into the drainage channel, and can be used for a long time without clogging the drainage channel. Moreover, when activated carbon adheres or is impregnated, activated carbon has a microbial activity effect and is excellent in the growth effect of a plant.

The structure of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 8 is as described above, and since the mesh body is laminated on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material, the root of the plant is entangled with the net body, and the plant is difficult to come off. Become. Therefore, it is suitable when a tree is planted in a place where a strong wind blows or a lawn is planted in a thin soil layer.

The configuration of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 9 is as described above, and two nonwoven fabrics are joined in a lattice shape on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituting base material, and the resulting lattice is formed between upper and lower nonwoven fabrics. Since the plant growth sheet in which fertilizer or a mixture of fertilizer and activated carbon is enclosed is laminated, fertilizer or fertilizer and activated carbon can be uniformly installed on the entire surface of the artificial soil constituent substrate, and planted on it Nutrients can be supplied continuously and continuously for a long time.

The structure of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 10 is as described above, and since the activated carbon is attached or impregnated to at least one of the nonwoven fabrics of the plant growing sheet, the plant growing effect is excellent.

The structure of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 11 or 12 is as described above, and rock wool fibers or a shaped body thereof is laminated on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituting base material, and the shape of the shaped body Is non-woven fabric, felt-like body, plate-like body, square bar or granular material, cotton-like material, rock wool fiber does not contain pathogens or weed seeds, contains many nutrients necessary for plant growth, and is insulated The plant grows strong because of its excellent properties, heat retention and water retention.

The structure of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 13 is as described above, and the rock wool fiber or the molded body thereof has a recess or a through hole, so that water is smooth when water is sprayed or during heavy rain. And water can be smoothly retained inside the molded body. Moreover, the load to a plate-shaped body can be reduced by filling soil into the rock wool fiber or the through-hole provided in the plate-shaped body, and the load resistance at the time of water retention improves.

The structure of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 14 is as described above, and since the artificial soil constituent base material is formed in a box shape, when it is buried in the ground, the air permeability effect and the drainage effect are obtained from the bottom surface and the side surface. It is obtained and plant growth is excellent. Further, it can be used as a parting material for controlling the spread of a plant whose buds and roots are about to spread laterally. Furthermore, this artificial soil constituent base material can be used as a flower pot by filling soil therein.

The structure of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 15 is as described above, and since the artificial soil constituent base material is formed in a groove shape, when it is buried in the ground, the air permeability effect and the drainage effect are obtained from the bottom surface and the side surface. It is obtained and plant growth is excellent. Moreover, it can be used as a parting material that is installed at the end of a garden or the like and controls the buds and roots of plants to spread outside. Furthermore, this artificial soil constituent base material can be used as a greening device (flower pot) for a folded-plate roof by filling the soil therein and installing it in a recessed portion of the folded-plate roof.

The configuration of the artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 16 is as described above, and a number of through holes are formed in the back thin plate of the lower hollow plate-like body at the time of the artificial soil constituting base material. The water above the base material enters the drainage channel between the front and back thin plates from the through hole and drains not only from the drainage channel but also from the many through holes in the back thin plate, so it is drained more efficiently. The

Since the structure of the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation of Claim 17 is as above-mentioned, the soil layer is laminated | stacked on the upper surface of the artificial soil structure base material of any one of Claims 1-16. It is excellent in drainage, breathability, heat insulation, heat retention, drainage, etc., and is suitable for growing flowers, vegetables, lawns, etc., and has particularly fast root growth and excellent forcing cultivation.

The structure of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 18 is as described above, and the stone layer, rock wool fiber or molded body layer thereof and the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 16 are laminated, Since the soil layer is stacked on top of the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation, it is more excellent in breathability, drainage, heat insulation, etc., and is more suitable for growing plants, especially in competitions that require drainage. It is preferably used in the field.

The configuration of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 19 is as described above, and the hollow plate-like body is laminated on the soil layer of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 17 or 18. The soil layer has better air permeability, heat insulation and the like, and is more suitable for growing plants.

The structure of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 20 is as described above, and turfgrass is planted in the soil layer of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 17, 18 or 19. (Sod) is preferably grown.

The structure of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 21 is as described above, and further on the soil layer of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 17, 18 or 19, further rock rock fiber or molding thereof. Since the body and soil layer are laminated alternately, and the top surface is rock wool fiber or its molded body or soil layer, it has excellent drainage, breathability, heat insulation, heat retention, drainage, etc., flowers, vegetables Furthermore, it is more suitable for cultivating lawns and the like, and is particularly suitable for forcing cultivation because of its fast root growth.

The structure of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 22 is as described above, and the rock wool fiber of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 21 or a molded body thereof and the soil layer, Since the hollow plate-like body is laminated in the molded body or the soil layer, the rock wool fibers or the molded body and the soil layer have better air permeability and heat insulation properties, and are more suitable for growing plants.

The structure of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 23 is as described above, and turfgrass (on the surface of the rock wool fiber on the surface of the artificial soil structure for plant growth according to claim 21 or 22 Since sod is planted, turfgrass is preferably grown.

The configuration of the greening structure according to claim 24 is as described above, and the planting part is excellent in drainage, breathability, heat insulation, heat retention, drainage, etc., for growing flowers, vegetables, lawns, etc. Furthermore, since the walking part is excellent in drainage, walking ability, etc., it is suitable for forming a planting part and a walking part in a garden or a park.

The structure of the building roof greening structure according to claims 25 to 32 is as described above, and since the artificial soil constituting base material is thin and lightweight, it is excellent in workability and workability such as assembly, dismantling and movement. It can be easily installed on the roof of a building with good workability. In addition, since the mechanical strength is high, it is not destroyed even when a large load is applied.

Moreover, this building rooftop greening structure is excellent in breathability, drainage, heat insulation, heat retention, etc., and is suitable for growing plants. In particular, an air layer is formed in the hollow part of the hollow plate-like body, for example, even if the building becomes hot, it is prevented that the heat is conducted to the roots of the plant, even in lawn with low heat resistance It can be suitably grown.

The structure of the building roof greening structure according to claim 33 is as described above, and the heat insulating material layer is formed by laminating the front and back thin plates via a large number of plate-like ribs, and gas is formed by the plate-like ribs. Since it is a hollow plate-like body in which a passage is formed, heat insulation and sound reduction effect are excellent, and heat transfer and noise from the building roof can be effectively blocked.

It is a perspective view which shows an example of the artificial soil structure base material. It is a side view which shows an example of the artificial soil structure base material with which the both ends of the drainage channel were closed. It is a top view which shows an example of the artificial soil structure base material of Claim 5. It is AA sectional drawing in FIG. It is BB sectional drawing in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a plant growth sheet | seat. It is a perspective view which shows an example of a box-shaped artificial soil constituent base material. It is CC sectional drawing in FIG. It is DD sectional drawing in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the different method of fixing a bottom wall and a side wall. It is explanatory drawing which shows the different method of fixing a bottom wall and a side wall. It is explanatory drawing which shows the different method of fixing a bottom wall and a side wall, and a side wall and a side wall. It is explanatory drawing which shows the different method of fixing a bottom wall and a side wall, and a side wall and a side wall. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows an example of a groove-shaped artificial soil structure base material. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the artificial soil for plant cultivation. It is a perspective view which shows the example from which the artificial soil for plant cultivation differs. It is a perspective view which shows the example from which the artificial soil for plant cultivation differs. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the artificial soil for plant cultivation. It is a perspective view which shows the example from which the artificial soil for plant cultivation differs. It is a plane schematic diagram which shows an example of a greening structure. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of a building rooftop greening structure. It is sectional drawing which shows the example from which a building rooftop greening structure differs. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the coupling for drainage.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Front thin plate 2 Back thin plate 3 Band-shaped through-hole 4 Rib 5 Drainage channel 6 Hollow plate-shaped body 7 Plate-shaped body 8 Notch 9 Joint 10 Vertical wall 11 Upper plate 12 Lower plate 13 Through-hole 14 Non-woven fabric 15 Activated carbon adhesion nonwoven fabric 16 Grid Eye 17 Fertilizer 18 Plant growth sheet 19 Bottom member 20 Side wall 21 Joining member 22 Screw 23 Net body 24 Soil 25 Turf grass 26 Rock wool fiber square rod 27 Rock wool fiber plate 28 Through hole 29 Through hole 30 Planting part 31 Walking section 32 Stone material 33 Frame 34 Heat insulation material layer 35 Rock wool fiber granular material 36 Artificial soil constituent base material 37 Hollow plate-shaped body 38 Joint for drainage 39 Vertical wall 40 Upper plate 41 Lower plate 42 Drainage channel 43 Through hole 44 Drilling Part 45 Through-hole 46 Through-hole 47 Bolt 48 Nut 49 Washer 50 Bolt fixing tool

Claims (33)

The back thin plate and the front thin plate having a large number of through holes are formed of a hollow plate-like body laminated through a large number of ribs, and the rib is a plate-like body, and the many plate-like bodies are formed. The artificial soil constituent base material, characterized in that it is installed substantially in parallel, a drainage channel is formed, the through-hole is a band-shaped through-hole, and a large number of band-shaped through-holes are drilled to intersect the plate-shaped body . The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1, wherein a middle part of the drainage channel is closed to form a water storage tank. The both ends of the drainage channel are closed, the drainage channel can be stored, and the overflowed water can be drained from the through-holes beyond the ribs at the end. Artificial soil constituent base material. An artificial soil constituent base material, wherein the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 2 or 3 is laminated on a surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1. The artificial soil-constituting substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is connected to a large plate by a joint having an I-shaped cross-section made of a vertical wall having a through-hole formed therein. An artificial soil constituent base material. The surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 has a slat-like shape, a corrugated plate shape, an uneven shape, a box shape, or a bowl shape, and a through hole is formed in a thickness direction. An artificial soil-constituting substrate, wherein the molded bodies are laminated. An artificial soil constituent base material, wherein a nonwoven fabric and / or a nonwoven fabric to which activated carbon is attached or impregnated is laminated on the surface thin plate of the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 6. . An artificial soil constituent base material, wherein a net-like body is laminated on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Two sheets of nonwoven fabric are joined in a lattice pattern on the surface of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and fertilizer or fertilizer and activated carbon are formed between the upper and lower nonwoven fabrics of the resulting lattice. An artificial soil-constituting substrate, characterized in that a plant growth sheet in which a mixture is enclosed is laminated. The artificial soil constituting base material according to claim 9, wherein activated carbon is attached to or impregnated into at least one nonwoven fabric. An artificial soil constituent base material, wherein rock wool fibers or a molded product thereof are laminated on the surface thin plate side of the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 10. The artificial soil-constituting substrate according to claim 11, wherein the rock wool fiber shaped body is a nonwoven fabric, a felt-like body, a plate-like body, a square bar, a granular material or a cotton-like material. The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 12, wherein a recess or a through hole is formed in the rock wool fiber molded body. An artificial soil constituent base material, characterized in that a side wall is erected at an end of the artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 and is formed in a box shape. The artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the artificial soil constituent base material is bent or a side wall is erected at both ends of the artificial soil constituent base material to form a groove. Soil constituent substrate. The artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein a number of through holes are formed in the back thin plate. An artificial soil structure for plant cultivation, wherein a soil layer is laminated on the upper surface of the artificial soil constituting base material according to any one of claims 1 to 16. The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 16 is laminated on an upper surface of a stone layer, rock wool fiber or a molded body layer thereof, and further, a soil layer is laminated on the upper surface of the artificial soil constituent base material. Artificial soil structure for plant cultivation. In the soil layer, a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate having a large number of through-holes and a back thin plate having a large number of through-holes is stacked via a large number of ribs is laminated. The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the artificial soil structure is used for plant cultivation. The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 17, 18 or 19, wherein turfgrass is planted in the soil layer. The rock wool fiber or a molded product thereof and the soil layer are alternately laminated on the soil layer, and the uppermost surface is the rock wool fiber or the molded product or the soil layer. 19. Artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to 19. Between the rock wool fiber or its molded body and the soil layer, in the rock wool fiber or its molded body or in the soil layer, a surface thin plate having a large number of through holes and a large number of through holes are drilled. The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 21, wherein a hollow plate-like body formed by laminating a back thin plate with a plurality of ribs is laminated. 23. The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to claim 21 or 22, wherein turfgrass is planted on rock wool fibers on the surface or a molded product or a soil layer thereof. The artificial soil constituent substrate or the front and rear thin plates and the back thin plate according to claim 1 on the drainage channel rib side surface of the artificial constituent base material configured in the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 17 to 23. On the upper surface of the hollow plate-like body, which is the side wall of the hollow plate-like body laminated through many ribs, with water permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, artificial stone, rubber block, rubber sheet The greening structure characterized by the fact that a walking part formed by laminating any of the wood building members is arranged. The artificial soil structure for plant cultivation of any one of Claims 17-23 is laminated | stacked through the heat insulating material layer on the housing in which the waterproof layer is formed on a building roof. Building roof greening structure. The artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 16, and a heat insulating material layer on a housing on which a waterproof layer on the building roof is formed. A rooftop greening structure for buildings, characterized in that soil layers are stacked one after another. In the soil layer, a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate having a large number of through-holes and a back thin plate having a large number of through-holes is stacked via a large number of ribs is laminated. 27. The green roof structure of a building according to claim 26. The artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 1 on the drainage rib side surface of the artificial soil structure for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 17 to 23 on a building roof top body through a heat insulating material layer. Or, the surface of the hollow plate that is laminated with the front and back thin plates via many ribs, and the top of the hollow plate that hits the rib side surface is permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, rubber The building rooftop, wherein the drainage channel of the hollow plate-like body is arranged in parallel and communicates with a walking part made of a building member in which blocks, rubber sheets or wood are laminated. Greening structure. The artificial soil constituent base material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and the artificial soil constituent base material according to claim 16, via a heat insulating material layer, on a housing on which a waterproof layer on the building roof is formed. And the artificial soil constituent base material or the front thin plate and the back thin plate according to claim 1 are laminated via a plurality of ribs on the side surface of the drainage channel rib of the artificial soil constituent base material in which the soil layer is sequentially laminated. A walking part made of a building material in which water-permeable asphalt, tile, brick, concrete, stone, rubber block, rubber sheet or wood is laminated on the upper surface of the hollow plate-like body that faces the rib side surface of the hollow plate-like body Are arranged so that the drainage channels of the hollow plate-like bodies are substantially parallel and communicate with each other. In the soil layer, a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate having a large number of through-holes and a back thin plate having a large number of through-holes is stacked via a large number of ribs is laminated. 30. The green roof structure of a building according to claim 29. 31. The building according to claim 30, wherein rock wool fibers or a molded product thereof and a soil layer are alternately laminated on the soil layer, and the uppermost surface is the rock wool fiber or the molded product or the soil layer. A rooftop greenery structure. Between the rock wool fiber or its molded body and the soil layer, in the rock wool fiber or its molded body or in the soil layer, a surface thin plate having a large number of through holes and a large number of through holes are drilled. 32. The green roof structure of a building according to claim 31, wherein a hollow plate-like body is formed by laminating a back thin plate through a plurality of ribs . The heat insulating material layer is a hollow plate-like body in which a front thin plate and a back thin plate are laminated via a large number of plate-like ribs, and a gas passage is formed by the plate-like ribs. The building roof greening structure of any one of -32.

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