JP4898414B2 - Abalone larvae culture method and equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for culturing juvenile shellfish, an aquaculture device, and a production method, and in particular, a method for cultivating juvenile shellfish that can remarkably promote the growth of abalone larvae such as abalone, black abalone, Ezo abalone, madaka abalone, mega abalone, tokobushi, etc. , Concerning aquaculture equipment.

For example, abalone shells such as abalone, black abalone, ezo abalone, madaka abalone, mega abalone, tocobushi, etc. are well tided in natural waters and live in a clean environment.
Techniques for culturing such abalone shellfish on land are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 3 and the like.

Conventional aquaculture techniques have been mainly aimed at bringing the aquaculture environment closer to the natural environment. And the amount of dissolved oxygen was ensured by aeration with air using the aeration, feed water pressure, submersible pump, etc. in the breeding water tank. However, in such a method, it has been necessary to mix and agitate the feces, residual food, and the like, or to increase the water exchange rate in the water tank by increasing the water exchange rate.
JP 2002-119169 A JP 2003-125668 A JP 2004-135562 A

  With conventional aquaculture techniques, it took about 4 years to grow abalone shells with a length of 3 cm to 9 cm. This growth rate is almost the same as abalone inhabiting the natural sea.

On the other hand, the preferred size as a product is about 9 cm, but it takes a long breeding period of 4 years for growth, which is a major factor hindering the expansion of abalone aquaculture. In order to be able to carry out abalone farming widely as a business, it has been desired to raise a large number of juveniles efficiently and to greatly shorten the breeding period.
However, it has not been known at all how to improve the growth environment in order to promote the growth of abalone and enable shipment in a short period of time.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has an object to provide a juvenile culturing method and an culturing apparatus that promote the growth of larvae and enable early shipment from the start of breeding. And

  The inventor has studied the ecology of abalone in detail, and under what circumstances can they eat more food, promote growth, and grow abalone that is large and soft in the short term? As a result of pursuing about, we have found some solutions.

First, we focused on the environment where abalone grow and analyzed them. In the natural sea, abalone larvae live in dark places such as rock cuts, wedge-shaped grooves, and stones. And in a natural environment where there is little movement and you need to protect yourself from external enemies, abalone larvae have the property of eating food in the dark and not eating food during the day. Abalones naturally inhabit tend to be harder and smaller while their shells become thicker to protect themselves from water pressure and external enemies. Therefore, the present inventor first decided to put these under light-shielding conditions during the rearing of abalone juveniles.

Next, it was found that creating an excessive flow of seawater is not appropriate for promoting growth because it tends to increase the abalone and thicken the shell, resulting in slow growth. For the above reasons, aeration widely employed is counterproductive because it can abalone abalone and greatly reduce food intake.
Furthermore, it was found that increasing the amount of oxygen in the breeding seawater more than in the natural situation and activating the activity would be effective for ingesting more food. Based on the above findings, the present invention employs the following means.

That is, the present invention is a culture method for breeding abalone juveniles in a breeding aquarium filled with breeding seawater,
Shading the rearing tank so that the shading rate is in the range of 80% to 100%,
The breeding seawater is adjusted to a temperature suitable for the growth of juvenile shellfish and adjusted outside the breeding aquarium so that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the breeding seawater is in the range of 9 mg / l to 15 mg / l. While supplying little by little under the surface of the breeding aquarium filled with seawater, draining from the breeding aquarium keeps the quietness of the juvenile culturing area,
In addition, feeding young larvae continuously, actively creating an environment where young larvae can always ingest food, and promoting growth by increasing food intake over naturally occurring larvae It is characterized by that.

It is possible to realize a plurality of situations that increase the amount of abalone food intake, and to synergize them to make the growth significantly faster than natural shellfish.
First, by creating an environment in which the amount of dissolved oxygen is increased compared to the natural sea, the movement of abalone is activated, food intake is significantly increased, and the abalone breeding density can be increased. was gotten. In other words, it has been found that a greater amount of dissolved oxygen than in the natural sea is required to stimulate the activity of juvenile shellfish to promote food intake and promote growth. When the amount of dissolved oxygen in the breeding seawater is in the range of 9 mg / l to 15 mg / l, a significant growth promoting effect is exhibited by increasing the amount of food consumed. However, if the amount of oxygen is less than 9 mg / l, the intake of food is greatly It turned out to be difficult to increase.

  The breeding seawater can be mixed with ocean surface water and deep ocean water having a temperature lower than that of ocean surface water mainly for the purpose of temperature adjustment. For example, in winter, the surface water of the ocean is low and it may be preferable to use it as breeding seawater. However, in summer, the ocean surface water having a high temperature can be mixed with the deep ocean water having a lower temperature to be used at an appropriate temperature.

In the present invention, necessary oxygen is replenished in seawater for breeding having a water temperature suitable for the growth of juveniles. In addition, the activity of young clams that are nocturnal will be activated by shading, and coupled with the situation where there are no external enemies, artificially create an environment that keeps eating food. As a result, remarkable growth promotion of juveniles is realized.

  Moreover, you may make it carry out the ultraviolet sterilization of the germs contained in the marine surface water used as breeding seawater. The bait is, for example, a seaweed such as seaweed and kombu if it is an abalone, and those conventionally used as bait are used.

Furthermore, in order to carry out the above method according to the present invention, the following apparatus can be shown.
That is, an aquaculture device for breeding juveniles in a breeding tank filled with breeding seawater,
A breeding aquarium that is shaded so that the shading rate is in the range of 80% to 100%, and has an outlet for the breeding seawater;
An adjustment tank that has an oxygen gas outlet under the surface and adjusts the dissolved oxygen concentration in the breeding seawater;
A breeding seawater supply means for sending the breeding seawater sent from the adjustment tank little by little from a supply port installed under the surface of the breeding tank filled with the breeding seawater. It is an aquaculture device.

  A plurality of the supply ports provided below the water surface of the breeding aquarium may be provided. It is desirable to continuously supply an amount of seawater for breeding that does not impair the quietness of the rearing area of the larvae due to a large amount of seawater spouting from the supply port.

The adjustment tank may be provided with an inlet for deep ocean water and an inlet for ocean surface water.
The breeding aquarium includes a first drainage pipe for draining internal seawater, a storage drainage tank filled with drained seawater, and a second drainage pipe for draining seawater in the storage drainage tank to the outside,
The drainage downstream side of the first drainage pipe is disposed in the seawater of the water storage drainage tank,
The second drainage pipe can be provided at a peripheral edge of the water storage drainage tank.
The rearing tank is formed shallower in the center of the bottom of the rearing tank than the periphery of the tank,
A drainage pipe for draining seawater can be provided at the periphery of the breeding aquarium.

In the juvenile shellfish cultivation device of the present invention,
The seawater temperature control means includes
Sea water mixing means for mixing the surface water of the ocean with a temperature higher than that of the deep ocean water and the deep ocean water and controlling it within the water temperature range;
UV sterilization means for sterilizing the ocean surface water or the mixed seawater with ultraviolet rays,
The structure which has is also included.

In the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention, the breeding aquarium drains the seawater in the breeding aquarium to the outside, the first drain pipe for draining the seawater in the breeding aquarium, the storage drainage tank filled with the drained seawater, and the seawater in the reservoir drainage tank. A second drainage pipe,
The drainage downstream side of the first drainage pipe is disposed in the seawater of the water storage drainage tank,
The second drainage pipe includes a configuration provided at a peripheral edge of the water storage drainage tank. That is, in the natural sea, juveniles are sensitive to sound and have the property of not eating food in places where sound is generated. By doing so, it was possible to keep the larvae for a short period of time by minimizing the state where the larvae could not eat.

In the aquaculture apparatus of the present invention, the rearing aquarium is formed such that the bottom center of the rearing aquarium is shallower than the peripheral edge of the aquarium,
The peripheral part of the breeding aquarium includes a configuration in which a drainage pipe for draining seawater is provided. In other words, abalones are sensitive to vibration in the natural sea, and rarely eat food in places where vibrations occur. Excluded the condition.

In addition, the method for producing juvenile shellfish of the present invention includes a seawater temperature control means for controlling the water temperature of deep ocean water to a temperature suitable for the ecology of juvenile shellfish,
Oxygen gas blowing means for blowing oxygen gas into the deep ocean water;
A breeding aquarium filled with the deep ocean water;
A light shielding means for shielding the breeding aquarium,
Using the juvenile shellfish culture device equipped with
It is characterized by producing juvenile shellfish containing high nutrients.

By this production method, it is possible to produce larvae having superior characteristics including nutrients higher than those of naturally occurring larvae regarding nutrients such as proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins.
Moreover, seedlings of shellfish can be produced by laying eggs in mother shells bred by the above-described method for culturing young shellfish. It can be expected to produce a large amount of eggs in a short period of time from the start of breeding, so it is suitable for producing seedlings for aquaculture in the short term.

According to the present invention, when rearing juveniles using deep ocean water, artificially providing an environment such as water temperature, oxygen concentration, light-shielding state, etc. suitable for breeding, and continuously ingesting food Was able to increase food intake. As a result, growth can be promoted remarkably, the efficiency of aquaculture is improved, and early shipment is possible. The growth period could be shortened to at least about 1/4 of the conventional period.
In addition, due to the increase in food intake, it was possible to obtain shellfish with higher nutritional value than natural ones, thin shells and large softness.

  The embodiment which concerns on the juvenile shell culture apparatus of this invention is described using FIGS. 1-3. In this embodiment, the case where abalone larvae such as abalone, black abalone, ezo abalone, madaka abalone, and mega abalone are cultivated will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a juvenile aquaculture device for culturing abalone juveniles according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an abalone juvenile cultivated by this juvenile aquaculture device and naturally produced abalone juveniles. It is a figure which compares a component with a shellfish.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the abalone juvenile culture apparatus 1 in this embodiment generates a seawater for breeding by performing various treatments on the deep sea water by each means, and a storage tank (underground) The abalone larvae are stored in the storage tank 5 (see FIG. 1) in the storage tank 5 (see FIG. 1) and stored in the breeding aquarium 7 (see FIG. 2) filled with the breeding seawater by the pumping means 6 from the storage tank 5. It is an aquaculture device to keep.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 1, each means for generating breeding seawater includes seawater temperature control means 2 for controlling the temperature of deep ocean water, ultraviolet sterilization means 3 for ultraviolet sterilization of deep ocean water, and oxygen gas. It comprises oxygen gas blowing means 4 for blowing into deep ocean water and a storage tank 5 for storing breeding seawater underground.

[Sea temperature control means 2]
In this embodiment, the sea water temperature control means 2 mixes the ocean surface water having a higher temperature than the ocean deep water and the ocean deep sea water, so that the ocean deep water having a low water temperature can be converted to an appropriate water temperature range of 18 ° C to 21 ° C. Shows the case of adjustment. In addition, deep ocean water is as low as about 9 ° C., and there is little fluctuation in water temperature. On the other hand, the surface water of the ocean varies in water temperature depending on the season and weather. For example, in the case of Okinawa Prefecture, the ocean surface water is around 25 ° C to 30 ° C.

  That is, the seawater temperature control means 2 includes a deep ocean water supply system 21 that supplies deep ocean water, an ocean surface water supply system 22 that supplies ocean surface water, a deep ocean water supply system 21, and an ocean surface water supply system 22. And a solenoid valve 24 for controlling the supply of breeding seawater, which is a mixture of marine surface water and deep seawater, to the ultraviolet sterilization means 3 side. The material of the T tube 23 is preferably a seawater resistant material as much as possible, for example, plastic, particularly FRP or vinyl chloride resin.

  The deep ocean water supply system 21 supplies deep ocean water to a downstream side by a feed pump 21c provided in a polyvinyl chloride resin pipe (hereinafter referred to as a vinyl chloride pipe), and the flow rate is upstream of the feed pump 21c. A total 21a and a check valve 21b are provided, and a control valve (control valve) 21d is provided on the downstream side.

  The ocean surface water supply system 22 supplies ocean surface layer water to the downstream side by a water supply pump 22c provided in the PVC pipe. A flow meter 22a and a check valve 22b are provided on the downstream side of the water supply pump 22c. A control valve (control valve) 22d is provided.

  The sea water temperature control means 2 obtains a water temperature suitable for breeding by mixing and controlling (controlling) the surface temperature of the ocean surface water changes depending on the season. That is, this control is performed by operating the control valves 21d and 22d based on each seawater temperature detected by a seawater temperature detector (not shown) to adjust the flow rate of each. The flow rate is displayed by the flow meters 21a and 22a. The appropriate water temperature is preferably in the range of 18 ° C to 21 ° C. The deep ocean water may be only deep ocean water without being mixed as long as it can be warmed and controlled on the ground up to an appropriate water temperature range of 18 ° C. to 21 ° C.

  The mixed breeding seawater is controlled in its flow rate by the electromagnetic valve 24 and transferred to the ultraviolet sterilization means 3 side.

[UV sterilization means 3]
By the way, miscellaneous fungi may occur in marine surface water having a relatively high water temperature, and there is a need for sterilization. Therefore, in this embodiment, an ultraviolet sterilization means (ultraviolet sterilizer) 3 for sterilizing the mixed breeding seawater with ultraviolet rays is provided. The ultraviolet sterilizer 3 sterilizes the breeding seawater in a nearly aseptic state. In addition, after sterilizing only ocean surface water with ultraviolet rays in advance, it may be mixed with ocean deep water.

  The breeding seawater sterilized by the ultraviolet sterilizer 3 is primarily stored in a storage tank (an underground storage tank sterilization seawater tank) 5 that is an adjustment tank. The amount of seawater stored in the storage tank 5 is detected by a float detector provided on the seawater surface, and the solenoid valve 24 is opened and closed by the float signal, and the amount of seawater is controlled to maintain a predetermined capacity.

[Oxygen gas blowing means 4]
The oxygen gas blowing means (oxygen gas generator) 4 blows and dissolves oxygen gas into the storage tank 5 in order to increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water storage tank. Increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in a bad way is limited because there is an adverse effect of so-called excess oxygen supply (so-called gas disease), while the activity of juveniles is activated to promote food intake and promote growth. In order to do so, it was found that a larger amount of oxygen supply was required than in the natural sea. That is, in the range of 9 mg / l to 15 mg / l, a remarkable growth promoting effect is exhibited by an increase in food intake, but it is difficult to significantly increase the food intake with a dissolved oxygen content of less than 9 mg / l.

  FIG. 7 shows monthly changes in the dissolved oxygen content of ocean surface water and deep ocean water collected from a point of 15 m in Kume Island, Okinawa Prefecture. According to this, even in the time when photosynthesis by seagrasses and phytoplankton is active in ocean surface water with a large amount of dissolved oxygen, the amount of dissolved oxygen may not reach 9 mg / l in the normal natural sea. Recognize. In the natural sea, the dissolved oxygen amount may be 9 mg / l only at the time of surfing, etc. To make the dissolved oxygen amount in the seawater in the breeding aquarium 9 mg / l by aeration, it is necessary to vigorously stir and boil the seawater There is.

However, under such circumstances, abalone don't eat and eat, so the challenge is how to supply more oxygen than natural sea while keeping the abalone culture area quiet. One suitable method is to blow oxygen gas as pure as possible into the seawater.
In this way, it is possible to supply a large amount of oxygen while maintaining the silence in the shaded breeding aquarium, so that abalone can continue to eat, and the amount of food intake is higher than usual. Increase greatly. In this case, it is preferable to adjust the temperature of the seawater for breeding and the amount of dissolved oxygen in a place (tank or the like) separate from the breeding aquarium and supply this little by little to the water in the breeding aquarium. In other words, if oxygen gas is blown into the seawater in the adjustment tank (tank) outside the breeding tank and adjusted to a predetermined concentration and then supplied to multiple breeding tanks, management of the breeding seawater in each breeding tank is easy. It is.
The breeding seawater stored in the storage tank is pumped to the breeding tank 7 side by a pumping means (pumping pump) 6.

[Raising aquarium 7]
The breeding aquarium 7 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped-shaped aquarium, and has a structure in which the bottom surface of the aquarium is inclined at a predetermined angle so that the central portion is shallow and the end portion is deep. Moreover, it has a structure in which at least one polluted seawater discharge port is provided in the vicinity of the bottom of the bottom slope. Furthermore, the breeding aquarium 7 has a double structure provided with a cage that can be inserted into the aquarium. The seawater contact portion of the breeding aquarium 7 is preferably a seawater-resistant material as much as possible, for example, plastic, particularly FRP or vinyl chloride resin.

By the way, in the natural sea, abalone inhabit a rocky cut surface, wedge-shaped groove, under a celestial stone, and a quiet and quiet environment. And most of the darkness when eating food. In addition, we focused on the fact that the tide flow was steep and noisy in a noisy environment.
The present inventor has found that abalone larvae continue to eat food by placing abalone larvae under almost complete light-shielding conditions. Even with conventional aquaculture equipment, it is known that abalones prefer darkness, so a shaded part was provided in the breeding aquarium, but keeping the entire breeding aquarium in a completely shaded state during breeding, It was not implemented because it is not known what effect it has on abalone.

  On the other hand, it was found that placing larvae in a quiet (vibration-proof) and quiet (soundproof) environment is important in order to keep eating without being barked. It can be seen that food consumption is reduced in an environment where noise is noisy and vibration is caused by waves. This indicates that the adoption of an aeration apparatus that is conventionally provided in a breeding aquarium is not suitable because sound and vibration are generated.

[Shading means 8]
The breeding aquarium 7 is provided in a breeding wing that covers the entire breeding aquarium 7 with a light shielding rate of 100 to 90% or 50 to 0 light. However, it is preferable that the breeding aquarium 7 is completely shielded from light during breeding.

In this embodiment, the breeding ridge itself is the light shielding means 8. The breeding wing is usually provided with a closed window light. This window light is opened and used only when checking the growth status of the larvae or performing maintenance work such as cleaning.
Even when this window light is opened, it is desirable that the light is shielded to 90% or 50 lux. Moreover, you may light-shield the outer peripheral wall of the breeding water tank 7 with a light-shielding member, and in that case, as a light-shielding member, a veneer board etc. can be spread | laid on the upper surface of a water tank, and an aluminum sheet can be stretched | tensioned on it. Furthermore, it is desirable that a light-shielding structure is provided by extending a light-shielding net around the breeding water tank 7.

[Soundproofing means]
As one of the sounds generated in the breeding aquarium 7, there is a drainage sound of the breeding aquarium 7. Therefore, in this embodiment, the breeding aquarium 7 is provided with a drainage structure with a quiet drainage sound. As shown in FIG. 2, this drainage structure has a first drainage pipe 71 for draining seawater in the breeding aquarium 7, a storage drainage tank 72 filled with drained seawater, and seawater in the storage drainage tank 72 to the outside. And a second drain pipe 73 for draining. The drainage downstream side of the first drainage pipe 71 is disposed in the seawater of the reservoir drainage tank 72. Further, the second drainage pipe 73 is provided at the end of the water storage drainage tank 72 far from the breeding water tank 7.

  In this drainage structure, when the seawater discharged from the breeding aquarium 7 flows into the storage drainage tank 72 via the first drainage pipe 71, the drainage downstream side of the first drainage pipe 71 is arranged in the seawater of the storage drainage tank 72. Therefore, the drainage sound is suppressed as much as possible. Moreover, since the 2nd drainage pipe 73 is provided in the edge part of the water storage drainage tank 72 far away from the breeding water tank 7, a drainage sound hardly transmits to the breeding water tank 7 side.

[Vibration isolation means]
The main thing of the vibration which generate | occur | produces in the breeding aquarium 7 is the shaking of the seawater at the time of drainage of the breeding aquarium 7. Therefore, in this embodiment, the breeding water tank 7 is formed in a vibration-proof structure that suppresses shaking during drainage. As shown in FIG. 3, the vibration isolating structure is formed such that the bottom center portion 7a of the breeding water tank 7 is shallower than the water tank peripheral edge portion 7b. And the cocoon 70 which raises abalone juveniles is arrange | positioned in the center part of the breeding water tank 7. FIG. Moreover, the drain pipes 71a and 71b are provided in the water tank peripheral part 7b.

  This anti-vibration structure discharges the seawater discharged from the breeding aquarium 7 through the drainage pipes 71a and 71b from the tank peripheral portion 7b, so that the shaking of the seawater generated during drainage is hardly transmitted to the breeding tank 7 side. .

Furthermore, the breeding aquarium 7 has an attached celler (food feeding means) provided in the basket 70, and for example, a predetermined amount of seaweed is administered every predetermined time by this attached celler.
Next, the function and effect of this embodiment will be described.

[Operation of abalone juvenile culture equipment]
First, breeding seawater is generated and stored in the storage tank 5.
That is, deep ocean water is supplied by the feed water pump 21 c in the deep ocean water supply system 21, and ocean surface water is supplied by the feed water pump 22 c in the ocean surface water supply system 22, and is merged and mixed in the T pipe 23. And control valve 21d, 22d controls the seawater for breeding to the suitable water temperature range 18 degreeC-21 degreeC as a result by adjusting the mixing rate of deep ocean water and ocean surface water.

  The mixed breeding seawater is controlled in its flow rate by the electromagnetic valve 24 and transferred to the ultraviolet sterilization means 3 side. The ultraviolet sterilizer 3 sterilizes the mixed breeding seawater in a nearly aseptic state. In addition, after sterilizing only ocean surface water with ultraviolet rays in advance, it may be mixed with ocean deep water.

  Breeding seawater sterilized by the ultraviolet sterilizer 3 is primarily stored in a storage tank (underground storage tank sterilized seawater layer) 5. The amount of seawater stored in the storage tank 5 is detected by a float detector provided on the seawater surface, and the solenoid valve 24 is opened and closed by the float signal, and the amount of seawater is controlled to maintain a predetermined capacity.

  The oxygen gas blowing means (oxygen gas generator) 4 blows and dissolves oxygen gas into the storage tank 5 in order to increase dissolved oxygen in the water storage tank. That is, deep ocean water has little dissolved oxygen and needs to be supplemented with a considerable amount of oxygen. Therefore, if it is easy to supply oxygen outside the aquarium, it is possible to effectively balance both from the viewpoint of larval shellfish cultivation and from the viewpoint of utilization of deep ocean water. Thus, by providing seawater for breeding with a high oxygen concentration, it becomes possible to cultivate even when oxygen consumption increases during abalone feeding and exercise, or even in an environment where the abalone accommodation density is high.

  The breeding seawater stored in the storage tank is pumped by the pumping means 6 to the breeding tank 7 side. Since the bottom of the aquarium is inclined at a predetermined angle, the rearing aquarium 7 drops fallen and accumulated abalone juvenile dung to the bottom of the bottom along the bottom and discharges it from the polluted seawater outlet to the outside of the tank. . Moreover, when cleaning the inside of a water tank, the young shellfish in a bamboo basket can also be lifted and cleaned with the bamboo basket.

  Thus, it is discharged out of the water tank without mixing with the part where feces discharged by the juvenile shellfish accumulate and the part where the shellfish is arranged. That is, the flow of clean aquaculture seawater and the flow of contaminated seawater contaminated with feces can be substantially separated, and a clean environment can always be maintained.

  The breeding aquarium 7 is shielded by the shading means 8 at a shading rate of 100 to 90% or 50 to 0 looks, can provide a breeding environment considering nocturnal abalone larvae, and has characteristics that do not inhabit the natural sea Abalone juveniles can be raised.

(Aquaculture equipment and method)
The temperature of the seawater for breeding is controlled from 18 ° C to 20 ° C using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and the abalone juvenile shell length of 3cm is kept in the breeding aquarium 7, and during breeding for almost 8 months under completely light-shielded conditions. Raised. During this period, the oxygen concentration in the breeding seawater was adjusted from 9.5 to 10 mg / l. 150 abalone with a shell length of 8 cm to 9 cm was placed in a cage having a length of 80 cm, a width of 80 cm, and a height of 30 cm.

Wakame and kombu were mainly used as the bait, and these were cut into a cage as appropriate. The food was always given day and night.
The breeding seawater was a mixture of deep ocean water and ocean surface water. When the ocean surface water temperature was high, the amount of deep ocean water was increased to adjust the water temperature.

(Breeding situation)
During the breeding period, the stress of abalone was reduced by the environment such as shading, high oxygen concentration, maintenance of silence, and the absence of external enemies. These environmental factors act synergistically, and it is thought that the amount of food intake has greatly increased compared to the case of living in the natural sea.
In addition, by supplying sufficient oxygen, it was possible to raise at a high density that 150 abalone with a shell length of 8 to 9 cm were housed in a 80 cm long x 80 cm wide x 30 cm high cocoon. Moreover, because of the complete shading, the abalone is distributed so as to be scattered over the entire aquaculture area without overlapping in search of dark places, so the breeding density can be increased. Compared with the conventional culture method, the limit of accommodating about 70 abalone with a shell length of 8 to 9 cm in a 80 cm long x 80 cm wide x 30 cm high cocoon is more efficient. More than doubled.

In addition, when observing the abalone that had been cultured, there were significant differences from those naturally occurring in the following respects.
Abalone growth was most marked in 6 to 8 months from the start of breeding. During this period, changes in pigments appeared in the areas where the shell composition was formed, and a rapid discoloration formation of the shell layer color was observed. In other words, with the remarkable development of the abalone body, a thin-green portion of the shell first formed in the shell as the body grew, and the body and shell became larger at the same time. Thereafter, a phenomenon was observed in which the thickness of the thin portion was formed. This is very different from the natural growth of abalone, where the entire shell, including the thickness of the shell, grows.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 6, the abalone has a tactile sensation that is three to four times longer than the natural one. Such a phenomenon seems to have occurred because it is necessary to constantly move around for food. In the natural sea, abalone hides in the shade of the rocks, eat seaweed that flows nearby, and do not move around actively seeking food to protect themselves from external enemies. Therefore, the antenna is short and not very noticeable.
Furthermore, the phenomenon of cannibalism when food was insufficient was also confirmed. Conventionally, it is common sense that abalone is herbivorous, and it is not known at all to eat meat. This is thought to be caused by changes in the habit of feeding constantly due to changes in the environment.

  In this example, abundant egg laying of abalone was observed 8 months after the start of breeding. This indicates that the rearing environment is extremely suitable for abalone larvae culture. Moreover, it turned out that the method of an Example is suitable also for producing the mother shellfish for aquaculture in a short time.

(Bred result)
In this example, the abalone juvenile shell length of 3 cm could be grown to a maximum length of 8 cm in a period of about 11 months. Natural abalone can be produced in a short period of time because it takes about 3 to 4 years to grow a long shell of 3 cm to a maximum length of 8 cm.
In addition, as shown in the component comparison tables of FIGS. 4 and 5, the abalone obtained by the method of this example has a characteristic that does not inhabit the natural sea. The ingredients of “Natural Abalone” used here for comparison are based on the “Fiveth Japanese Food Standard Classification”. Moreover, the nutritional analysis of abalone of a present Example is based on a Japanese food analysis center. In addition, these are the numerical values (weight conversion) per 100g of edible parts.

In this comparison, it can be seen that the abalone of this example contains higher nutrients than natural abalone in regard to nutrients such as proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. The difference is particularly remarkable for the magnesium, iron and vitamin B groups.
What is most notable is that it is larger than natural abalone, has more edible parts as a whole, and is softer than natural ones. The abalone grown in this way could be obtained in a period of 11 months, which is about ¼ of the conventional abalone.

  As described above, the abalone produced by the method of this example grew faster and rich in nutritional value than the abalone inhabited in the natural sea. Further, it is possible to increase the aquaculture density by increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen, and the efficiency of aquaculture is remarkably increased in combination with the growth promotion described above.

  The present invention is not limited to abalone larvae culture, but also includes a nocturnal larvae culture method, apparatus, and production method having the property of feeding in the dark.

It is a block diagram of an abalone larvae culture apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the soundproof means in embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the vibration isolator in embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which compares the component of the abalone cultured by the method which concerns on this invention, and a natural abalone. It is a bar graph which compares the component of the abalone cultured by the method which concerns on this invention, and a natural abalone. It is a figure which shows the abalone reared with the culture method which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the amount of dissolved oxygen in natural seawater.

Explanation of symbols

1 Aquaculture equipment 2 Seawater temperature control means 3 UV sterilization means (UV sterilization equipment)
4 Oxygen gas blowing means (oxygen gas generator)
5. Saving tank (underground saving tank sterilization seawater tank)
6 Pressure feeding means (pressure feeding pump)
7 Rearing tank 7a Bottom center part 7b Water tank peripheral part 8 Shading means 21 Deep sea water supply system 21d Control valve 22 Ocean surface water supply system 22d Control valve 70 籠 71 First drain pipe 72 Storage drain tank 73 Second drain pipe

Claims (7)

A culture method for raising juveniles in a breeding tank filled with breeding seawater,
Shading the breeding tank so that the shading rate is in the range of 80% to 100%,
The breeding seawater is adjusted to a temperature suitable for the growth of juvenile shellfish and adjusted outside the breeding aquarium so that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the breeding seawater is in the range of 9 mg / l to 15 mg / l. While supplying water below the surface of the breeding tank filled with seawater, draining from the breeding tank to maintain the quietness of the larvae culture area,
In addition, feeding the larvae continuously, creating an environment in which the larvae can always ingest food, and promoting growth by increasing the intake of food compared to naturally occurring larvae Abalone juvenile culturing method. The method for cultivating abalone larvae according to claim 1, wherein oxygen gas is blown into seawater in an adjustment tank outside the breeding aquarium. 3. The method for cultivating abalone larvae according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the breeding seawater is a mixture of ocean surface water and ocean deep water having a temperature lower than that of ocean surface water. An aquaculture device for raising juveniles in a breeding tank filled with breeding seawater,
A breeding aquarium that is shaded so that the shading rate is in the range of 80% to 100%, and has an outlet for the breeding seawater;
An adjustment tank that has an oxygen gas outlet under the surface of the water and adjusts the dissolved oxygen concentration in the breeding seawater to a range of 9 mg / l to 15 mg / l ;
Aquaculture seawater supply means for feeding the seawater for breeding sent from this adjustment tank little by little from a supply port installed under the surface of the breeding water tank filled with seawater for breeding . Juvenile culture equipment. The abalone larvae culture apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the adjustment tank includes an inlet for deep ocean water and an inlet for ocean surface water. The breeding aquarium includes a first drainage pipe for draining seawater in the aquarium, a storage drainage tank filled with drained seawater, and a second drainage pipe for draining seawater in the storage drainage tank to the outside. ,
The drainage downstream side of the first drainage pipe is disposed in the seawater of the water storage drainage tank,
The abalone shellfish cultivation apparatus according to claim 4 or 5 , wherein the second drainage pipe is provided at a peripheral portion of the water storage drainage tank. The breeding aquarium is formed so that the center of the aquarium bottom is shallower than the rim of the aquarium,
Wherein the peripheral edge of the breeding aquarium, abalones aquaculture apparatus spat of according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a drainage pipe for draining the seawater.

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