JP4889238B2 - Ship with bow fin - Google Patents

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JP4889238B2
JP4889238B2 JP2005144925A JP2005144925A JP4889238B2 JP 4889238 B2 JP4889238 B2 JP 4889238B2 JP 2005144925 A JP2005144925 A JP 2005144925A JP 2005144925 A JP2005144925 A JP 2005144925A JP 4889238 B2 JP4889238 B2 JP 4889238B2
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fin
bow
ship
hull
fins
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JP2006321306A (en
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秀夫 折原
啓市 山崎
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Universal Shipbuilding Corp
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Universal Shipbuilding Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

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Description

本発明は、船首バルブにフィンを設置した大型船舶に関し、特に大型船舶が実海域をバラスト状態で航行する場合の波浪中抵抗を低減することができる船首フィン付き船舶に関する。   The present invention relates to a large ship having fins on a bow valve, and more particularly to a ship with a bow fin that can reduce resistance in waves when a large ship navigates a real sea area in a ballast state.

従来より、船首バルブにフィンを設置した船首フィン付き船舶については数多くの提案がなされている。
例えば、特許文献１では、船首および船尾の海水浸漬部に、翼型断面形状と三角形平面形状を有するフィンを、水平面に対し斜めに設置し、船首および船尾での船体近傍の斜め流れ中でフィンに生じる揚力の船体前進方向成分を船体に作用する推力として活用することにより、フィン無しの場合に対し、船体抵抗の低減を図っている。 Conventionally, many proposals have been made for ships with bow fins in which fins are installed on the bow valve.
For example, in Patent Document 1, fins having an airfoil cross-sectional shape and a triangular planar shape are installed obliquely with respect to a horizontal plane in seawater immersion portions of the bow and stern, and the fins are in a diagonal flow near the hull at the bow and stern. By utilizing the forward component of the lift generated in the hull as the thrust acting on the hull, the hull resistance is reduced compared to the case without fins.

特許文献２では、船首バルブ先端より前部垂線より船長のほぼ１０％後方までの間で、船体下面からの高さが満載喫水線のほぼ３０％以下に設定され、フィン外端位置が船首バルブ最大幅を超えない形状を有し、航走中の船体表面の流れに沿って設置されたフィンの幅を制限することにより、フィンに作用する外力を低減するとともに、フィンによる船体抵抗増加を抑え、推進性能を低下させることなく船体の縦揺れの減少を図っている。   In Patent Document 2, the height from the bottom of the hull is set to be approximately 30% or less of the full load water line from the tip of the bow valve to the rear of the front perpendicular to about 10% of the captain, and the fin outer end position is at the bow valve maximum. By limiting the width of the fins installed along the flow of the hull surface during navigation, the external force acting on the fins is reduced and the increase in hull resistance due to the fins is suppressed. The hull pitch is reduced without reducing the propulsion performance.

特許文献３では、船首バルブの周囲に水平に設置され、船首バルブ前部で前方からの上向き流れを阻害し、水流を下方へ誘導するとともに、船首バルブ上面で生じた水泡が下方に流出することを阻害し、水泡が後方で船底部に流入し音響機器の水泡による性能低下を防止することとしている。   In patent document 3, it is installed horizontally around the bow valve, inhibits upward flow from the front at the bow valve front, guides the water flow downward, and the water bubbles generated on the upper face of the bow valve flow downward. This prevents water bubbles from flowing into the bottom of the ship at the rear and preventing performance degradation caused by water bubbles in the audio equipment.

特許文献４では、船首喫水線近傍に、流線型断面形状と三角形平面形状を有するフィンを、船首を取り囲み前方および左右両側に張り出すように取り付け、船体前進中にフィンが発生する翼端渦が、船首まわりで生じる砕波渦の回転方向と逆方向の回転を有することにより、砕波渦と相互に干渉して砕波渦を消去または低減することにより、船体に生じる砕波抵抗を低減している。   In Patent Document 4, a fin having a streamlined cross-sectional shape and a triangular planar shape is attached in the vicinity of the bow water line so as to surround the bow and project to the front and left and right sides. By having the rotation in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the breaking wave vortex generated around, the breaking wave vortex is eliminated or reduced by interfering with the breaking wave vortex, thereby reducing the breaking resistance generated in the hull.

特許文献５では、フィンを船首でかつ満載喫水線より上方に設け、船舶の水平線に対し迎角と船体の後方で船体から離れる方向へ延出される平面形状を有する弾性材料で構成し、船体の縦揺れを打ち消す方向の力を発生させるとともに、平水中では水面上にあるため船体抵抗を増加させないこととしている。   In Patent Document 5, the fin is provided at the bow and above the full-length draft line, and is made of an elastic material having an angle of attack with respect to the horizontal line of the ship and a plane shape extending away from the hull behind the hull. In addition to generating a force in the direction of canceling the shaking, the hull resistance is not increased because it is on the water surface in plain water.

特許文献６では、船首部の満載喫水線よりも上方の外板部に所要の迎角をもって取り付けられたフィンを備え、浅水域航行時の船体沈下に伴いフィンが没水して生じる揚力により、船体沈下を低減するとともに、波浪中でのフィン没水時にフィンに作用する揚力により船体のピッチングを低減している。   In Patent Document 6, the hull is provided with fins attached with a required angle of attack to the outer plate part above the full waterline of the bow, and the lift generated by submergence of the fins when the hull sinks during shallow water navigation. In addition to reducing subsidence, pitching of the hull is reduced by lift acting on the fins when the fins are submerged in the waves.

特許文献７では、船首部の水面近傍に、船体外板より突設された翼型断面をもち、前方へやや後傾斜して設置されたフィンを備え、フィンにより船首波の発生を抑え造波抵抗を低減するとともに、波浪中でフィンに作用する揚力によりピッチングを低減する。   In Patent Document 7, a wing-shaped section projecting from the hull outer plate is provided in the vicinity of the water surface of the bow part, and fins are installed so as to be inclined slightly rearward forward. While reducing resistance, pitching is reduced by the lift acting on the fins in the waves.

特許文献８では、翼ピッチを翼幅方向で水流方向に沿うように捩り、深さ方向には船首バルブ最大幅位置近傍に設置したフィンを有し、バルブによる船首造波低減機能を増すとともに、波浪中でフィンに生じる揚力により動揺を軽減する。   In Patent Document 8, the blade pitch is twisted so as to follow the water flow direction in the blade width direction, and the fin has a fin installed in the vicinity of the bow valve maximum width position in the depth direction. Reduces shaking by the lift generated on the fins in the waves.

また、波浪中抵抗増加を低減させるために、フィンを取り付けるのではなく船首部の形状を変える考え方もある（例えば、特許文献９参照）。   In addition, there is a concept of changing the shape of the bow portion instead of attaching fins in order to reduce the increase in resistance in waves (see, for example, Patent Document 9).

特開平８−１７５４７８号公報JP-A-8-175478 実開平１−１７５９９５号公報Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-175995 実開昭６２−１３５６９５号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-135695 特開昭６０−４２１８７号公報JP 60-42187 A 実開昭６４−２５９９５号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 64-25995 実開平２−８７７００号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 2-87700 実開昭６２−１５３１９７号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 62-153197 実開平４−９１５９７号公報Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-91597 特開２００２−３４７６８８号公報JP 2002-347688 A

しかしながら、特許文献１、４に記載の船体抵抗低減フィンを設けた船舶にあっては、平水中の抵抗低減のみに有効であり、波浪中抵抗の低減には効果を発揮することができない。
また、特許文献２、３、５、６、７、８に記載のフィン付き船舶にあっては、波浪中船体のピッチング低減のみに有効であり、波浪中抵抗の低減には効果を発揮することができない。 However, the ship provided with the hull resistance reducing fins described in Patent Documents 1 and 4 is effective only for reducing the resistance in plain water and cannot exhibit the effect for reducing the resistance in waves.
Moreover, in the ship with a fin of patent document 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, it is effective only for the pitching reduction of the hull in a wave, and exhibits an effect in reduction of the resistance in a wave. I can't.

本発明は、上述のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、船体形状を変更することなく、また肥大船以外の船型においても波浪中抵抗増加の低減効果を発揮できる船首フィン付き船舶を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention was made in order to solve the above-described problems. A ship with a bow fin that can exhibit the effect of reducing the increase in resistance in waves without changing the hull shape and in a ship type other than a full-sized ship. The purpose is to provide.

本発明に係る船首フィン付き船舶は、船首バルブにフィンを左右対称に設置したフィン付き船舶であって、前記フィンは三角形あるいは矩形など適宜の断面形状を有するとともに、前記フィンの長さ方向の取付位置を船首端と１／４Ｂバトックラインとの間とし、高さ方向の取付位置をフィン後端部の高さがバラスト喫水線より満載喫水線高さの５％分上方とし、フィン前端部がフィン後端部よりも上方となるように前記長さ方向の取付位置における流線に沿って傾斜して取り付けられていることを特徴とするものである。
A ship with a bow fin according to the present invention is a ship with a fin in which fins are installed symmetrically on a bow valve, and the fin has an appropriate cross-sectional shape such as a triangle or a rectangle, and is attached in the longitudinal direction of the fin. position and between the bow end and 1 / 4B Batokkurain, the height of the fin rear end mounting position in the height direction is set to 5% portion above the ballast waterline than full draft line height, the fin front end fins It is characterized in that it is attached to be inclined along a streamline at the attachment position in the length direction so as to be above the rear end portion.

本発明の船首フィン付き船舶は、船首バルブに取り付けられるフィンの取付位置を上記のように設定することにより、後述の模型実験結果により明らかなようにバラスト航行状態において波浪中抵抗増加を低減することができる。   The ship with a bow fin of the present invention reduces the increase in resistance in waves in a ballast sailing state, as is apparent from the results of a model experiment described later, by setting the mounting position of the fin attached to the bow valve as described above. Can do.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明の実施の形態を示す船首フィン付き船舶の概略側面図、図２は図１の前部垂線ＦＰにおけるＡ−Ａ矢視半断面図である。
図１において、フィン１は、例えば三角形断面形状に形成されており、船体１０の船首バルブ２に左右対称に取り付けられている。
このフィン１の長さ方向の取付位置は船首バルブ２の船首端１１と１／４Ｂバトックライン１２との間とする。
また、フィン１の高さ方向の取付位置は、フィン後端部（船体表面上の取付中心線１３に対しフィン１の後端における断面が垂直に交わる交点）１４の船底からの高さＨａがバラスト喫水線（航行可能な最小喫水線）１５より上方で、かつ、満載喫水（最大喫水）の５％上方とする。なお、図１において、１６は満載喫水線をあらわしている。
さらに、フィン前端部（船体表面上の取付中心線１３に対しフィン１の前端における断面が垂直に交わる交点）１７の船底からの高さＨｆがフィン後端部１４より上方になるように上記長さ方向の取付位置における流線に沿って傾斜して取り付けられている。
また、フィン１の下面１８は平面状とし、下面１８が略水平になるように設置されている。但し、必ずしも下面１８が水平である必要はない。そして、フィン１の前後端は流れがスムーズになるよう適宜傾斜した形状となっている。 FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a ship with a bow fin showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a half cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the front vertical line FP of FIG.
In FIG. 1, the fin 1 is formed in a triangular cross-sectional shape, for example, and is attached to the bow valve 2 of the hull 10 symmetrically.
The mounting position of the fin 1 in the length direction is between the bow end 11 of the bow valve 2 and the 1 / 4B buttocks line 12.
Moreover, the height Ha of the fin 1 from the ship bottom at the fin rear end (intersection where the cross section at the rear end of the fin 1 perpendicularly intersects the mounting center line 13 on the surface of the hull) 14 is It is above the ballast water line (navigable minimum water line) 15 and 5% above the full load water line (maximum water line). In addition, in FIG. 1, 16 represents the full load water line.
Further, the length of the fin front end portion (intersection point where the cross section of the front end of the fin 1 perpendicularly intersects the mounting center line 13 on the surface of the hull) 17 from the ship bottom is higher than the fin rear end portion 14. It is attached with an inclination along the streamline at the attachment position in the vertical direction.
In addition, the lower surface 18 of the fin 1 is flat and is installed so that the lower surface 18 is substantially horizontal. However, the lower surface 18 does not necessarily have to be horizontal. The front and rear ends of the fin 1 are appropriately inclined so that the flow is smooth.

船舶は波浪中を航行する際、船首において受けた波が船首および船側を伝って上がり、反射する、あるいは破砕することにより抵抗増加が生ずる。上記のように構成されたフィン１を船首バルブ２に取り付けることにより、バラスト航行状態において波の上昇を抑え、反射方向を側方あるいは後方に変化させることにより抵抗増加を低減することができる。   When a ship sails in the waves, the waves received at the bow rise along the bow and the side of the ship and are reflected or shattered, increasing resistance. By attaching the fin 1 configured as described above to the bow valve 2, it is possible to suppress an increase in waves in the ballast sailing state, and to reduce an increase in resistance by changing the reflection direction to the side or the rear.

本発明によるフィン１の効果を確認するためにタンカー模型による模型実験を行った。タンカー模型の要目は、全長Ｌ＝２７７．３ｍ、全幅Ｂ＝５０ｍ、最大喫水線ｄ＝１４．４ｍである。また、タンカー模型実験では本発明によるフィン１を取り付けた状態と、取り外したもの状態の２状態について波浪中抵抗増加を比較した。
これら２状態について、向かい波中を船速１６ｋｔｓで航行する際に受ける波浪中抵抗増加量を、１／５６．６縮尺の相似模型船を用い、船舶流体力学分野で波浪中性能の推定に通常用いられる船型試験水槽において模型実験を行い計測したものが図３の比較図である。
図３の横軸には波長／船長比を、縦軸には波浪中抵抗増加量ＲAWを、ρｇ（ζA）2（Ｂ2／ＬPP）で除して無次元化した値を示す。ここで、ρ：海水密度、ｇ：重力加速度、ζA：入射波の片振幅、Ｂ：船体全幅、ＬPP：垂線間長である。 In order to confirm the effect of the fin 1 according to the present invention, a model experiment using a tanker model was performed. The main points of the tanker model are a total length L = 277.3 m, a total width B = 50 m, and a maximum water line d = 14.4 m. Further, in the tanker model experiment, the resistance increase in waves was compared between the two states of attaching the fin 1 according to the present invention and removing it.
For these two states, the increase in resistance in waves when navigating in the opposite wave at a speed of 16kts is usually used to estimate the performance in waves in the ship hydrodynamics field using a similar model ship of 1 / 56.6 scale. FIG. 3 is a comparative diagram obtained by performing a model experiment in a ship-type test tank used.
The horizontal axis in FIG. 3 represents the wavelength / length ratio, and the vertical axis represents the dimensionless value obtained by dividing the resistance increase R AW in the waves by ρg (ζ A ) 2 (B 2 / L PP ). . Here, ρ: seawater density, g: gravitational acceleration, ζ A : half amplitude of incident wave, B: full width of ship hull, L PP : length between perpendiculars.

図３の模型実験結果の比較をみれば、横軸の右側の波長の長いところではフィンの有無による差は小さいが、波長の短くなっている横軸の左側では、フィンの有無による差が生じている。フィンによる抵抗増加量の低減率は、波長が短くなるにつれて増大し、波長／船長比が０．４の場合にフィン無しの場合の抵抗増加量の２割程度と非常に大きなものとなっている。   When comparing the model experiment results in FIG. 3, the difference due to the presence or absence of the fin is small at the long wavelength on the right side of the horizontal axis, but the difference due to the presence or absence of the fin occurs on the left side of the horizontal axis where the wavelength is short ing. The reduction rate of the resistance increase amount due to the fin increases as the wavelength becomes shorter, and is very large, about 20% of the resistance increase amount without the fin when the wavelength / captain ratio is 0.4. .

本実施の形態ではフィン１の形状を三角形断面形状を有するものについて説明したが、その他に矩形断面の平板形状のフィンや翼型断面形状のフィンでも同様の抵抗増加の低減効果を発揮する。また、フィンの取付中心線１３が側面から見て曲線になっているものでも良い。   In the present embodiment, the fin 1 has been described as having a triangular cross-sectional shape. In addition, a flat fin having a rectangular cross section and a fin having a wing-shaped cross section exhibit the same effect of reducing resistance increase. Further, the fin mounting center line 13 may be curved when viewed from the side.

また、本発明の船首フィン付き船舶は、肥大船であるタンカーのみならず、コンテナ船やガス運搬船、客船など喫水線下の肥大度の小さい船型に対しても適用することができるものであり、波浪中で波反射の生じる喫水線上の位置にフィン１を設置することにより波浪中抵抗増加を低減することができる。   Further, the ship with a bow fin of the present invention can be applied not only to a tanker that is an enlarged ship, but also to a ship type having a small degree of enlargement under the waterline, such as a container ship, a gas carrier ship, and a passenger ship. The increase in resistance in waves can be reduced by installing the fin 1 at a position on the waterline where wave reflection occurs.

本発明の実施の形態を示す船首フィン付き船舶の概略側面図。The schematic side view of the ship with a bow fin which shows embodiment of this invention. 図１の前部垂線ＦＰにおけるＡ−Ａ矢視半断面図。The AA arrow half sectional view in the front part perpendicular line FP of FIG. 模型実験結果を示す図。The figure which shows a model experiment result.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ フィン
２ 船首バルブ
１０ 船体
１１ 船首端
１２ １／４Ｂバトックライン
１３ フィンの取付中心線
１４ フィン後端部
１５ バラスト喫水線
１６ 満載喫水線
１７ フィン前端部
１８ フィンの下面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fin 2 Bow valve 10 Hull 11 Bow end 12 1 / 4B buttocks line 13 Fin mounting center line 14 Fin rear end part 15 Ballast water line 16 Full load water line 17 Fin front end part 18 Fin lower surface

Claims (1)

船首バルブにフィンを左右対称に設置したフィン付き船舶であって、前記フィンは三角形あるいは矩形など適宜の断面形状を有するとともに、前記フィンの長さ方向の取付位置を船首端と１／４Ｂバトックラインとの間とし、高さ方向の取付位置をフィン後端部の高さがバラスト喫水線より満載喫水線高さの５％分上方とし、フィン前端部がフィン後端部よりも上方となるように前記長さ方向の取付位置における流線に沿って傾斜して取り付けられていることを特徴とする船首フィン付き船舶。 A finned ship in which fins are installed symmetrically on a bow valve, and the fin has an appropriate cross-sectional shape such as a triangle or a rectangle, and the mounting position in the length direction of the fin is set to a bow end and a 1 / 4B buttocks line and between, the height of the fin rear end mounting position in the height direction is set to 5% portion above the ballast waterline than full draft line height, as fin front end is above the fin rear end The ship with a bow fin characterized by being attached along the streamline at the attachment position in the longitudinal direction.
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