JP4873953B2 - Parasite control agent for salmon and trout - Google Patents
Parasite control agent for salmon and trout Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、サケ・マス類用の寄生虫防除剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a parasite control agent for salmon and trout.
水産増養殖事業は飼育環境が限られた水域、あるいは水槽に高密度で飼育されているのが現状である。このような環境下において、細菌やウイルス、寄生虫などの病原体による感染症が発生すると飼育区域内に蔓延し、大きな被害がもたらされることになる。 The current situation is that the aquaculture business is bred with high density in water areas or aquariums where the breeding environment is limited. In such an environment, when an infectious disease caused by a pathogen such as a bacterium, virus, or parasite occurs, it spreads in the breeding area and causes great damage.
その中でサケ・マス類の増養殖事業としてはギンザケの海面養殖と、北海道を中心に行われている人工孵化放流事業があり、その病害としては、微生物による感染症、受精卵の水カビ病と孵化稚魚のイクチオボド寄生虫症がある。イクチオボドは鞭毛虫類に分類される寄生虫（例えば、Ichthyobodo necatorなど）であり、サケ・マス類の皮膚や鰓などに寄生する。 Among them, salmon and trout aquaculture projects include coho salmon aquaculture and artificial hatchery release projects mainly in Hokkaido. Diseases include microbial infections and water mold disease of fertilized eggs. And there is ichthyodobo parasitism of hatching fry. Ichthiobod is a parasite (for example, Ichthyobodo necator) classified as a flagellate, and parasitizes the skin and salmon of salmon and trout.
イクチオボドは特に、サケ・マス類の孵化稚魚に頻繁に発生し、初期減耗となる大きな被害をもたらし、駆除できない稚魚が自然水域に放流された場合、特に海洋へ移動した際に浸透圧調節の適応ができなくなり、稚魚の減耗の大きな要因となっている。 Ichthiobodo occurs frequently in salmon and trout hatching larvae, causing severe damage that can lead to initial depletion.Adaptation of osmotic pressure adjustment, especially when larvae that cannot be controlled are released into natural waters, especially when they move to the ocean It becomes a big factor of depletion of fry.
上記のようなサケ・マス類の病害について、微生物による感染症は抗生物質などの薬剤による治療がなされており、寄生虫による寄生虫症はホルマリンやマラカイトグリーンなどの薬剤による治療がなされている（非特許文献１参照）。寄生虫症に対してはホルマリンによる薬浴が有効とされている。
しかしながら、ホルマリンを用いた薬浴では、ホルマリンの毒性が問題になっており、かつ廃液処理など環境への影響も懸念されていることより、サケ・マス類のイクチオボドの防除に有効な組成物が望まれている。 However, in the chemical bath using formalin, the toxicity of formalin has become a problem, and since there is a concern about the impact on the environment such as waste liquid treatment, there is a composition effective in controlling salmon and trout ichthiobodo. It is desired.
そこで、本発明者らは、安全性の点からより望ましいと考えられる天然資源の中でサケ・マス類のイクチオボドの防除に有効な組成物を検討した結果、茶の抽出物、さらに詳細には抽出されたカテキン類が、サケ・マス類のイクチオボドの防除に有効であることを見出し本発明に至った。茶抽出物が抗菌性および抗ウイルス性を有することは公知ではあるが、茶抽出物が寄生虫であるサケ・マス類のイクチオボドの成育を抑制または阻害することは知られていなかった。 Accordingly, the present inventors have studied a composition effective for controlling salmon and trout ichthiobod among natural resources considered to be more desirable from the viewpoint of safety. As a result, tea extract, and more specifically, It was found that the extracted catechins are effective for controlling ichthyodo of salmon and trout, and the present invention has been achieved. Although tea extract is known to have antibacterial and antiviral properties, it has not been known that tea extract inhibits or inhibits the growth of parasite salmon and trout ichthyodo.
従って、本発明の目的は、サケ・マス類に悪影響をほとんど与えず、環境汚染を起こしにくい防除剤を提供することである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a control agent that hardly causes adverse effects on salmon and trout and hardly causes environmental pollution.
すなわち、本発明は、
〔１〕茶抽出物を含有してなる、サケ・マス類用のイクチオボド防除剤、
〔２〕前記〔１〕記載の防除剤を用いて、サケ・マス類に寄生しているイクチオボドを防除する工程を含む、サケ・マス類のイクチオボド防除方法、
〔３〕サケ・マス類に寄生しているイクチオボドの生育を抑制または阻害するための茶抽出物の使用、ならびに
〔４〕サケ・マス類のイクチオボド寄生虫症を予防または治療するための茶抽出物の使用に関する。
That is, the present invention
[1] Ichthiobod control agent for salmon and trout, comprising tea extract,
[2] A method for controlling salmon and trout ichthiobod, comprising a step of controlling ichthyodobo parasitic on salmon and trout using the control agent according to [1] above,
[3] Use of a tea extract to suppress or inhibit the growth of ichthyobodo parasitic on salmon and trout, and [4] Tea extraction to prevent or treat ichthiobodo parasitosis of salmon and trout Concerning the use of things.
本発明により、サケ・マス類に悪影響をほとんど与えず、環境汚染を起こしにくい防除剤を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a control agent that hardly causes adverse effects on salmon and trout and hardly causes environmental pollution.
本発明の防除剤は、茶抽出物を含有することを一つの特徴とする。 One of the characteristics of the control agent of the present invention is that it contains a tea extract.
本発明の防除剤の適用対象は、サケ・マス類である。サケ・マス類としては、例えば、シロザケ、ギンザケ、ベニザケ、マスノスケ、アマゴ、ヤマメ、ニジマス、カラフトマス、イトウ、サツキマス、サクラマス、アユなどが挙げられ、その形態は、稚魚または成魚のいずれでもよい。 The application target of the control agent of the present invention is salmon and trout. Examples of salmon and trout include chum salmon, coho salmon, sockeye salmon, trout salmon, sea bream, yamame trout, rainbow trout, calaft trout, itou, salmon trout, cherry trout, and ayu.
本発明の防除剤の防除対象は、サケ・マス類の皮膚、鰓、鰭などに寄生する、鞭毛虫類に分類されるイクチオボド（例えば、Ichthyobodo necatorなど）である。イクチオボドの寄生により引き起こされる感染症は、イクチオボド寄生虫症であり、本発明の防除剤、より詳細には茶抽出物が、イクチオボドと直接接触することにより、イクチオボドの生育を抑制または阻害することができ、サケ・マス類の皮膚、鰓、鰭などからのイクチオボドの解離、寄生の抑制などに至る。すなわち、本発明の防除剤は、サケ・マス類のイクチオボド寄生虫症の予防または治療に有効に利用することができる。 The control target of the control agent of the present invention is ichthiobodo (for example, Ichthyobodo necator, etc.) classified into flagellates that parasitize the skin, salmon, salmon and the like of salmon and trout. The infectious disease caused by ichthiobodo parasitism is ichthiobodoparasitis, and the control agent of the present invention, more specifically, the tea extract, may suppress or inhibit the growth of ichthiobod by direct contact with ichthiobodo. It can lead to the dissociation of ichthyodos from the skin, salmon, and salmon of salmon and trout, and suppression of parasitism. That is, the control agent of the present invention can be effectively used for prevention or treatment of ichthyodoparasitic diseases of salmon and trout.
本明細書において、「防除」とは、サケ・マス類にイクチオボドが寄生することを予防すること、またはサケ・マス類に寄生したイクチオボドを駆除することをいう。 In the present specification, “control” refers to prevention of infestation of ichthyobodo in salmon and trout, or extermination of ichiobodo infested with salmon and trout.
本発明の防除剤に含有される茶抽出物は、天然物由来であるため、その安全性は明らかとなっており、環境汚染の懸念もほとんど生じない。本発明に用いられる茶抽出物の原料となる茶としては、特に限定されないが、緑茶などの不発酵茶、ウーロン茶などの半発酵茶、紅茶などの発酵茶などが挙げられる。従って、茶抽出物としては、緑茶、ウーロン茶、紅茶などの抽出物が挙げられ、それらの中でも、有効成分の観点から、緑茶抽出物が好ましい。 Since the tea extract contained in the control agent of the present invention is derived from a natural product, its safety has been clarified and there is little concern about environmental pollution. The tea used as a raw material for the tea extract used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include non-fermented tea such as green tea, semi-fermented tea such as oolong tea, and fermented tea such as black tea. Therefore, examples of the tea extract include extracts such as green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Among them, the green tea extract is preferable from the viewpoint of the active ingredient.
茶抽出物としては、例えば、茶葉または粉砕した茶葉から水、熱水、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールなどの一価アルコールまたはグリセリンなどの多価アルコールを用いて抽出した茶抽出物、茶葉または粉砕した茶葉から水、熱水、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールなどの一価アルコールまたはグリセリンなどの多価アルコールを用いて抽出した画分に酢酸エチル、アセトンなどの溶媒を加えて分画して得られた茶抽出物などが挙げられる。 Examples of the tea extract include tea extracts or tea leaves or ground tea leaves extracted from tea leaves or ground tea leaves using water, hot water, monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol or polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin. Extraction from water extracted with water, hot water, monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol or polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin and solvents such as ethyl acetate and acetone Such as things.
好ましくは、有効成分の観点から、茶葉または粉砕した茶葉から水、熱水、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノールなどの一価アルコールまたはグリセリンなどの多価アルコールを用いて抽出した画分に酢酸エチル、アセトンなどの溶媒を加えて分画して得られた茶抽出物である。 Preferably, from the viewpoint of the active ingredient, ethyl acetate, acetone or the like is extracted from a tea leaf or crushed tea leaf using a monohydric alcohol such as water, hot water, methanol, ethanol or propanol or a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin. The tea extract obtained by adding and fractionating the above solvent.
上記のようにして得られた茶抽出物には、カテキン類が含有されていることが好ましい。 The tea extract obtained as described above preferably contains catechins.
カテキン類の具体例としては、例えば、（−）−エピカテキン、（−）−エピガロカテキン、（−）−エピカテキンガレート、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレート、（＋）−カテキン、（＋）−ガロカテキン、（−）−ガロカテキンガレート、（−）−カテキンガレート、遊離型テアフラビン、テアフラビンモノガレートＡ、テアフラビンモノガレートＢ、テアフラビンジガレート、プロントシアニジン、およびこれらの重合物が挙げられ、（−）−エピカテキン、（−）−エピガロカテキン、（−）−エピカテキンガレート、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレート、（＋）−カテキン、（＋）−ガロカテキン、（−）−ガロカテキンガレートおよび（−）−カテキンガレートからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも１種のカテキン類が好ましく、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレートがより好ましい。 Specific examples of catechins include (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, (+ ) -Gallocatechin, (−)-gallocatechin gallate, (−)-catechin gallate, free theaflavin, theaflavin monogallate A, theaflavin monogallate B, theaflavin digallate, protonocyanidins, and polymers thereof ( -)-Epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-gallocatechin gallate And at least one catechin selected from the group consisting of (-)-catechin gallate, -) - epigallocatechin gallate is preferable.
前記茶抽出物中のカテキン類の含有量は、防除効果のさらなる向上の観点から、乾燥物に換算して10重量%以上であることが好ましく、30重量%以上であることがより好ましく、60重量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。カテキン類の含有量は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー、酒石酸鉄試験法により測定することができ、カテキン類の種類も高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより特定することができる。 The content of catechins in the tea extract is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more in terms of dry matter, from the viewpoint of further improving the control effect, More preferably, it is at least% by weight. The content of catechins can be measured by high performance liquid chromatography and iron tartrate test methods, and the type of catechins can also be specified by high performance liquid chromatography.
本発明の防除剤における茶抽出物の含有量は、好ましくは1〜100重量%、より好ましくは20〜70重量%である。 The content of the tea extract in the control agent of the present invention is preferably 1 to 100% by weight, more preferably 20 to 70% by weight.
本発明の防除剤には、保存性を向上する観点から、茶抽出物の他に、本発明の所望の効果を阻害しない範囲で各種添加剤などを添加してもよい。添加剤としては、例えば、クエン酸、酢酸、キナ酸、リンゴ酸、シュウ酸、乳酸、没食子酸、エルソルビン酸、フェルラ酸などの酸性物質、エタノールなどのアルコール類、ビタミンＣ、グレープフルーツ抽出物、ブドウ種子抽出物、ユーカリ葉抽出物、コメヌカ酵素分解物、ブルーベリー葉抽出物、ヤマモモ抽出物、クエルセチン、ユッカサポニン、キラヤサポニンなどが挙げられる。 From the viewpoint of improving the storage stability, various additives and the like may be added to the control agent of the present invention in addition to the tea extract as long as the desired effects of the present invention are not impaired. Examples of additives include citric acid, acetic acid, quinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, gallic acid, ersorbic acid, ferulic acid and other acidic substances, ethanol and other alcohols, vitamin C, grapefruit extract, grapes Examples include seed extract, eucalyptus leaf extract, rice bran enzyme degradation product, blueberry leaf extract, bayberry extract, quercetin, yucca saponin, and quilla saponin.
本発明の防除剤は、前記茶抽出物をそのまま使用してもよく、また、前記茶抽出物と前記添加剤を公知の方法により混合して調製してもよく、さらには保存性を高める観点から、前記茶抽出物または茶抽出物と添加剤との混合物を噴霧乾燥や凍結乾燥などにより粉末化して調製してもよい。 As the control agent of the present invention, the tea extract may be used as it is, or may be prepared by mixing the tea extract and the additive by a known method. From the above, the tea extract or a mixture of the tea extract and additive may be prepared by pulverization by spray drying or freeze drying.
本発明の防除剤には、粉末品、顆粒品、及び打鍵品などの固形状のもの、シロップ品及び液体品などの液状のものがあり、いずれの形態でもよい。固形状のものは保存安定性及び運搬利便性の点で好ましく、液状のものは飼育水への均一の分散性に優れ、簡便に使用できる点で好ましい。液体品の場合は、溶解性及び環境への影響の観点より、好ましくは水溶液、酢酸水溶液、アルコール溶液、アルコール水溶液及び食塩水であり、最も好ましくは水溶液である。本発明の防除剤が例えば、水溶液、酢酸水溶液、アルコール溶液、アルコール水溶液などの液状の場合のカテキン類の含有量は5重量%以上であることが好ましく、15重量%以上であることがより好ましく、30重量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。また、溶解性の点から、55重量%以下が好ましく、45重量%以下がさらに好ましい。また、本発明のシロップ品及び液体品は流通時に凍結させて流通させることもできる。 Examples of the control agent of the present invention include solid products such as powder products, granule products, and keystroke products, and liquid products such as syrup products and liquid products. Solid materials are preferable in terms of storage stability and transportation convenience, and liquid materials are preferable in that they are excellent in uniform dispersibility in breeding water and can be used easily. In the case of a liquid product, from the viewpoint of solubility and influence on the environment, an aqueous solution, an acetic acid aqueous solution, an alcohol solution, an alcohol aqueous solution and a saline solution are preferable, and an aqueous solution is most preferable. When the control agent of the present invention is in the form of a liquid such as an aqueous solution, an acetic acid aqueous solution, an alcohol solution, or an alcohol aqueous solution, the content of catechins is preferably 5% by weight or more, and more preferably 15% by weight or more. More preferably, it is 30% by weight or more. From the viewpoint of solubility, it is preferably 55% by weight or less, and more preferably 45% by weight or less. Further, the syrup product and liquid product of the present invention can be frozen and distributed during distribution.
本発明の防除剤は、これらの形態を維持するために食塩、糖類、デキストリン、アルコール、水、食塩水及び有機酸等の通常の増量剤や希釈液として用いる物質を併用することも可能である。 In order to maintain these forms, the control agent of the present invention can be used in combination with normal bulking agents such as salt, saccharide, dextrin, alcohol, water, saline and organic acids, or substances used as a diluent. .
本発明の防除剤は、以上のようにして調製することもできるが、例えば、太陽化学社製のカメリアエキス、サンフェノンなどの市販の茶抽出物を本発明の防除剤として使用してもよい。 Although the control agent of this invention can also be prepared as mentioned above, you may use commercially available tea extracts, such as a camellia extract by a Taiyo Chemical Co., Ltd., and a sun phenone, as a control agent of this invention.
以上のようにして得られた本発明の防除剤は、サケ・マス類に寄生したイクチオボドに対して優れた防除効果を奏する。従って、本発明はまた、前記防除剤を用いてサケ・マス類に寄生したイクチオボドを防除する方法を提供する。 The control agent of the present invention obtained as described above exhibits an excellent control effect against ichytobodo parasitic on salmon and trout. Therefore, the present invention also provides a method for controlling ichthyodos parasitic on salmon and trout using the control agent.
本発明の防除方法は、前記防除剤を用いて、サケ・マス類に寄生しているイクチオボドを防除する工程を含むことを一つの特徴とする。かかる特徴を有することにより、サケ・マス類に寄生したイクチオボドと本発明の防除剤とを直接接触させて、イクチオボドの生育を抑制または阻害することができ、サケ・マス類の皮膚、鰓、鰭などからのイクチオボドの解離、寄生の抑制などに至る。 The control method of the present invention is characterized in that it includes a step of controlling ichytobodo parasitic on salmon and trout using the control agent. By having such characteristics, it is possible to directly contact the ichthyodo parasitized in the salmon and trout and the control agent of the present invention, thereby suppressing or inhibiting the growth of the ichthyodo, and the skin, wrinkles and wrinkles of the salmon and trout This leads to dissociation of ichthiobodo from the body, suppression of infestation, etc.
防除方法の具体例としては、サケ・マス類の飼育水などに前記防除剤を溶解し、そこへサケ・マス類を浸漬する方法、サケ・マス類を飼育している水槽、池などに前記防除剤を直接添加する方法などが挙げられる。浸漬時間および防除剤濃度は、サケ・マス類のイクチオボド寄生虫症の症状により適宜設定される。具体的には、防除剤の濃度が固形状の場合は0.005〜0.06重量%、液状の場合は0.02〜1.2重量%である飼育水（いずれの場合も、カテキン類の濃度として、好ましくは0.001〜0.03重量%、さらに好ましくは0.003〜0.025重量%）に30〜90分間サケ・マス類を浸漬してイクチオボドを防除することもできるし、防除剤の濃度が固形状の場合は0.2〜1.2重量%、液状の場合は0.4〜2.4重量%である飼育水（いずれの場合も、カテキン類の濃度として、好ましくは0.05〜0.3重量%、さらに好ましくは0.1〜0.25重量%）に1〜10分間サケ・マス類を浸漬してイクチオボドを防除することもできる。飼育水槽または飼育池への添加量は、本発明の効果が奏され、かつサケ・マス類の成育に悪影響を及ぼさない限り、特に限定されない。 As a specific example of the control method, the control agent is dissolved in the salmon and trout breeding water, and the salmon and trout are immersed therein, the water tank and the pond in which the salmon and trout are reared. Examples include a method of directly adding a control agent. The soaking time and the concentration of the control agent are appropriately set according to the symptoms of salmon and trout ichthyodoparasitis. Specifically, when the concentration of the control agent is 0.005 to 0.06% by weight when solid, and 0.02 to 1.2% by weight when liquid (in either case, the concentration of catechins is preferably 0.001 to 0.03% by weight, more preferably 0.003 to 0.025% by weight) can be used to control salmon and trout for 30 to 90 minutes to control ichthiobodo, or 0.2 to 1.2% by weight if the concentration of the control agent is solid. In the case of liquid, the salinity is 1 to 10 minutes in the breeding water (in each case, the concentration of catechins is preferably 0.05 to 0.3% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.25% by weight). It is also possible to control ichthyodo by immersing trout. The amount added to the breeding aquarium or breeding pond is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited and the growth of salmon and trout is not adversely affected.
なお、本明細書において、「飼育水」とは、サケ・マス類が成育するのに適した地下水、河川水などを飼育水槽または飼育池に貯留した水のことをいう。 In the present specification, “breeding water” refers to water stored in a breeding aquarium or breeding pond with groundwater, river water, etc. suitable for growing salmon and trout.
以上のことから、本発明はまた、サケ・マス類に寄生しているイクチオボドの生育を抑制または阻害するための、前記防除剤または茶抽出物の使用、およびサケ・マス類のイクチオボド寄生虫症を予防または治療するための、前記防除剤または茶抽出物の使用を提供する。 From the above, the present invention also provides the use of the control agent or tea extract for suppressing or inhibiting the growth of ichthyobodo that is parasitic on salmon and trout, and the ichthyodoparasitic disease of salmon and trout. There is provided use of the control agent or tea extract for preventing or treating.
実施例１および２
太陽化学社製のカメリアエキスおよびサンフェノンをそれぞれ実施例１および２の防除剤とした。実施例１および２の防除剤に含有されるカテキン類の含有量を高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより測定した。実施例１の防除剤において、各カテキン類の含有量は、乾燥物に換算して（−）−エピカテキン4重量%、（−）−エピガロカテキン7重量%、（−）−エピカテキンガレート5重量%、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレート12.5重量%および（＋）−カテキン1.5重量%、すなわち、実施例１の防除剤中のカテキン類の含有量は30重量%であった。実施例２の防除剤において、各カテキン類の含有量は、乾燥物に換算して（−）−エピカテキン6重量%、（−）−エピガロカテキン11重量%、（−）−エピカテキンガレート8重量%、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレート29.5重量%、（＋）−ガロカテキン4重量%および（＋）−カテキン1.5重量%、すなわち、実施例２の防除剤中のカテキン類の含有量は60重量%であった。
Examples 1 and 2
The camellia extract and sunphenone manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku were used as the control agents of Examples 1 and 2, respectively. The content of catechins contained in the control agents of Examples 1 and 2 was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. In the control agent of Example 1, the content of each catechin is (−)-epicatechin 4% by weight, (−)-epigallocatechin 7% by weight, (−)-epicatechin gallate in terms of dry matter. 5 wt%, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate 12.5 wt% and (+)-catechin 1.5 wt%, that is, the content of catechins in the control agent of Example 1 was 30 wt%. In the control agent of Example 2, the content of each catechin was (−)-epicatechin 6% by weight, (−)-epigallocatechin 11% by weight, (−)-epicatechin gallate in terms of dry matter. 8% by weight, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate 29.5% by weight, (+)-gallocatechin 4% by weight and (+)-catechin 1.5% by weight, ie, the content of catechins in the control agent of Example 2 is It was 60% by weight.
実施例３
乾燥した茶葉1トンを85℃の熱水20KLで30分攪拌しながら抽出し、茶葉を濾過により除き17KLの抽出液を得た。この液を限外濾過装置(DDS社製、膜タイプGR-81PP、分画分子量6000)を用いて通過液15KLを得た。濃縮残液に水5KLを加え同様に操作し、通過液6KLを得た。両液を合わせ逆浸透膜(DDS社製、膜タイプHC-50)により濃縮し、濃縮液1KLを得た。濃縮液を噴霧乾燥し、本発明の防除剤を353kg得た(本発明品1)。
Example 3
1 ton of dried tea leaves was extracted with 20 KL of hot water at 85 ° C. with stirring for 30 minutes, and the tea leaves were removed by filtration to obtain a 17 KL extract. Using this solution, ultrafiltration device (DDS, membrane type GR-81PP, molecular weight cut off 6000) was used to obtain a passing solution 15KL. Water 5KL was added to the concentrated residual liquid and the same operation was performed to obtain a passing liquid 6KL. Both solutions were combined and concentrated with a reverse osmosis membrane (DDS, membrane type HC-50) to obtain a concentrated solution 1KL. The concentrated solution was spray-dried to obtain 353 kg of the control agent of the present invention (Product 1 of the present invention).
本発明品1のカテキン類を高速液体クロマトグラフィーで定量したところ、総カテキン類は、32.39重量%であり、それぞれのカテキン類の内訳は、(+)−ガロカテキンが1.35重量%、(−)−エピガロカテキンが4.90重量%、(＋)−カテキンが1.38重量%、（−）−エピガロカテキンガレートが14.36重量%、（−）−エピカテキンが4.14重量%、（−）−ガロカテキンガレートが0.59重量%、（−）−エピカテキンガレートが5.67重量%、（−）−カテキンガレートが0重量%、遊離型テアフラビンが0重量%、テアフラビンモノガレートAが0重量%、テアフラビンモノガレートBが0重量%及びテアフラビンジガレートが0重量%であった。 When the catechins of the product 1 of the present invention were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography, the total catechins were 32.39% by weight, and the breakdown of each catechin was (+)-gallocatechin 1.35% by weight, (−) − Epigallocatechin is 4.90% by weight, (+)-catechin is 1.38% by weight, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate is 14.36% by weight, (−)-epicatechin is 4.14% by weight, (−)-gallocatechin gallate is 0.59 wt%, (-)-epicatechin gallate 5.67 wt%, (-)-catechin gallate 0 wt%, free theaflavin 0 wt%, theaflavin monogallate A 0 wt%, theaflavin monogallate B 0 % By weight and theaflavin digallate were 0% by weight.
実施例４
実施例３で得た本発明品1の防除剤(100kg)を軟水100kgに攪拌しながら溶解させ、水溶液の形態とした。つまり、本発明品1の水溶液を200kg調製した(本発明品1の水溶液)。
Example 4
The control agent (100 kg) of the product 1 of the present invention obtained in Example 3 was dissolved in 100 kg of soft water with stirring to obtain an aqueous solution. That is, 200 kg of the aqueous solution of the product 1 of the present invention was prepared (the aqueous solution of the product 1 of the present invention).
試験例１
実施例１の防除剤を飼育水に添加して、防除剤の濃度を0.03重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.009重量%）とした水溶液を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬処理を行った（試験群１）。対照として、実施例１の防除剤を添加していない飼育水を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬を行った（対照群１）。
Test example 1
The control agent of Example 1 was added to the breeding water, and an aqueous solution with a control agent concentration of 0.03% by weight (catechins concentration 0.009% by weight) was placed in a 10 L aquarium. 50 fry (average weight: 0.5 g) were housed and immersed for 60 minutes (test group 1). As a control, breeding water not added with the control agent of Example 1 was put in a 10-liter tank, and 50 salmon (average body weight: 0.5 g) infested with ichthyodobo was accommodated in this tank, and immersed for 60 minutes. (Control group 1).
浸漬処理後のサケの稚魚30尾について、個体の尻鰭および背鰭の標本を作製した。顕微鏡400倍観察を行い、１個体の尻鰭および背鰭それぞれ５視野中の寄生虫を計数し、その合計を１個体の寄生虫数とした。30尾について同様の観察を行い、その平均値を算出した。対照群１の平均寄生虫数を100として、試験群１の寄生虫数を比較し、その結果を表１に示す。 Specimens of individual buttocks and dorsal fins were prepared for 30 salmon fry after immersion treatment. Observation was performed with a microscope 400 times, and the number of parasites in 5 visual fields of each individual buttocks and dorsal fin was counted, and the total was defined as the number of parasites in one individual. The same observation was performed on 30 fishes, and the average value was calculated. The number of parasites in test group 1 was compared with the average number of parasites in control group 1 being 100, and the results are shown in Table 1.
表１の結果より、本発明の防除剤を使用することによりサケの稚魚に寄生した寄生虫を防除できることがわかる。 From the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the use of the control agent of the present invention can control parasites parasitized on the salmon fry.
試験例２
実施例１の防除剤を飼育水に添加して、防除剤の濃度を0.6重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.18重量%）とした水溶液を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、1分間および5分間の浸漬処理を行った（試験群２）。対照として、実施例１の防除剤を添加していない飼育水を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、1分間および5分間の浸漬処理を行った（対照群２）。
Test example 2
The control agent of Example 1 was added to the breeding water, and an aqueous solution having a control agent concentration of 0.6% by weight (catechins concentration: 0.18% by weight) was placed in a 10 L aquarium. 50 fry (average weight: 0.5 g) were housed and immersed for 1 minute and 5 minutes (test group 2). As a control, breeding water to which the control agent of Example 1 was not added was placed in a 10-liter aquarium, and 50 salmon larvae (average body weight: 0.5 g) parasitized with ikutibodo were accommodated in this aquarium for 1 minute and 5 minutes. A soak treatment was performed for 2 minutes (control group 2).
試験例１と同様に対照群２および試験群２の寄生虫数を比較し、その結果を表２に示す。 The number of parasites in control group 2 and test group 2 was compared in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
表２の結果より、本発明の防除剤を高濃度で用いた場合、浸漬後１分で寄生虫数の減少が確認でき、5分後には寄生虫の防除が明らかに確認できた。 From the results in Table 2, when the control agent of the present invention was used at a high concentration, a decrease in the number of parasites could be confirmed 1 minute after immersion, and the control of the parasites could be clearly confirmed after 5 minutes.
試験例３および４
実施例２の防除剤を飼育水に添加して、防除剤の濃度を0.01重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.006重量%）および0.03重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.018重量%）とした水溶液を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬処理を行った（それぞれ試験群３および４）。対照として、実施例２の防除剤を添加していない飼育水を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚（平均体重：0.5g）50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬処理を行った（対照群３）。
Test Examples 3 and 4
The control agent of Example 2 was added to the breeding water, and 10 L of an aqueous solution having a control agent concentration of 0.01% by weight (catechins concentration 0.006% by weight) and 0.03% by weight (catechins concentration 0.018% by weight) was added. The fish tanks were filled with 50 salmon juveniles (average body weight: 0.5 g) parasitized with ikutibodo and subjected to 60-minute immersion treatment (test groups 3 and 4 respectively). As a control, breeding water to which the control agent of Example 2 was not added was placed in a 10 L aquarium, and 50 salmon larvae (average body weight: 0.5 g) parasitized with ichthyodo were contained in this aquarium and immersed for 60 minutes. Treatment was performed (control group 3).
試験例１と同様に対照群３および試験群３または４の寄生虫数を比較し、その結果を表３に示す。 The number of parasites in the control group 3 and the test group 3 or 4 was compared in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 3.
表３の結果より、本発明の防除剤を使用することによりサケの稚魚に寄生した寄生虫を防除できることがわかる。 From the results shown in Table 3, it can be seen that the use of the control agent of the present invention can control parasites parasitized on salmon fry.
試験例５
試験例１の実験に供した後の試験群１および対照群１の稚魚を、再度飼育水で18日間飼育した後、塩分濃度3.3重量%の人工海水に通気しながら収容し48時間観察して、生存率を求めた。その結果を表４に示す。
Test Example 5
Test group 1 and control group 1 larvae after being subjected to the experiment of Test Example 1 were reared in breeding water again for 18 days, then housed in artificial seawater with a salt concentration of 3.3% by weight, and observed for 48 hours. The survival rate was determined. The results are shown in Table 4.
表４の結果より、浸漬処理をしなかった対照群１では著しい生存率の低下を示したのに対して、浸漬処理をした試験群１では海水への適応性が高く、高い生存率を示した。 From the results of Table 4, the control group 1 which was not subjected to the immersion treatment showed a significant decrease in the survival rate, whereas the test group 1 which was subjected to the immersion treatment was highly adaptable to seawater and showed a high survival rate. It was.
試験例６
実施例４の防除剤を飼育水に添加して、防除剤の濃度を0.06重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.01重量%）とした水溶液を1OLの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚(平均体重:0.6g)50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬処理を行った(試験群A)。対照として、実施例4の防除剤を添加していない飼育水を1OLの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚(平均体重:0.6g)50尾を収容し、60分間の浸漬を行った(対照群A)。
Test Example 6
The control agent of Example 4 was added to the breeding water, and an aqueous solution having a control agent concentration of 0.06% by weight (catechins concentration 0.01% by weight) was placed in a 1OL aquarium. 50 fry (average weight: 0.6 g) were housed and immersed for 60 minutes (test group A). As a control, breeding water not added with the control agent of Example 4 was put in a 1OL aquarium, and 50 larvae of salmon (average body weight: 0.6 g) infested with ichthyodo in this aquarium, immersed for 60 minutes (Control group A).
浸漬処理後のサケの稚魚30尾について、個体の尻鰭および背鰭の標本を作製した。顕微鏡400倍観察を行い、1個体の尻鰭および背鰭それぞれ5視野中の寄生虫を計数し、その合計を1個体の寄生虫数とした。30尾について同様の観察を行い、その平均値を算出した。対照群Aの平均寄生虫数を100として、試験群Aの寄生虫数を比較し、その結果を表５に示す。 Specimens of individual buttocks and dorsal fins were prepared for 30 salmon fry after immersion treatment. Observation was performed with a microscope 400 times, and the number of parasites in 5 visual fields of each buttocks and dorsal fin was counted, and the total was defined as the number of parasites in one individual. The same observation was performed on 30 fishes, and the average value was calculated. The average number of parasites in control group A was set to 100, and the number of parasites in test group A was compared. The results are shown in Table 5.
表５の結果より、本発明の防除剤を使用することによりサケの稚魚に寄生した寄生虫を防除できることがわかる。 From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that the use of the control agent of the present invention can control the parasites parasitized on the salmon fry.
試験例７
実施例４の防除剤を飼育水に添加して、防除剤の濃度を1.2重量%（カテキン類の濃度0.19重量%）とした水溶液を10Lの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚(平均体重:0.5g)50尾を収容し、1分間および5分間の浸漬処理を行った(試験群B)。対照として、実施例４の防除剤を添加していない飼育水を1OLの水槽に入れ、この水槽にイクチオボドが寄生したサケの稚魚(平均体重:0.5g)50尾を収容し、1分間および5分間の浸漬処理を行った(対照群B)。
Test Example 7
The control agent of Example 4 was added to the breeding water, and an aqueous solution with a control agent concentration of 1.2% by weight (catechins concentration 0.19% by weight) was placed in a 10 L aquarium. 50 fry (average body weight: 0.5 g) were housed and immersed for 1 minute and 5 minutes (test group B). As a control, breeding water to which the control agent of Example 4 was not added was placed in a 1OL aquarium, and 50 larvae of salmon (average body weight: 0.5 g) parasitized with ikutibodo were accommodated in this aquarium for 1 minute and 5 minutes. A soaking treatment was performed for a minute (control group B).
試験例６と同様に対照群Bおよび試験群Bの寄生虫数を比較し、その結果を表６に示す。 The number of parasites in control group B and test group B was compared in the same manner as in Test Example 6, and the results are shown in Table 6.
表６の結果より、本発明の防除剤を高濃度で用いた場合、浸漬後1分で寄生虫数の減少が確認でき、5分後には寄生虫の防除が明らかに確認できた。 From the results in Table 6, when the control agent of the present invention was used at a high concentration, a decrease in the number of parasites could be confirmed 1 minute after immersion, and the control of the parasites could be clearly confirmed after 5 minutes.
試験例８
試験例６の実験に供した後の試験群Aおよび対照群Aの稚魚を、再度飼育水で18日間飼育した後、塩分濃度3.3重量%の人工海水に通気しながら収容し48時間観察して、生存率を求めた。その結果を表７に示す。
Test Example 8
The test group A and control group A larvae after being subjected to the experiment of Test Example 6 were reared in breeding water again for 18 days, and then housed while aerated in artificial seawater with a salt concentration of 3.3% by weight and observed for 48 hours. The survival rate was determined. The results are shown in Table 7.
表７の結果より、本発明の防除剤を用いて浸漬処理をしなかった対照群Aでは著しい生存率の低下を示したのに対して、本発明の防除剤で浸漬処理をした試験群Aでは海水への適応性が高く、高い生存率を示した。 From the results of Table 7, the control group A that was not immersed using the control agent of the present invention showed a significant decrease in the survival rate, whereas the test group A that was immersed in the control agent of the present invention. Was highly adaptable to seawater and showed a high survival rate.
本発明の防除剤は、サケ・マス類のイクチオボド寄生虫症を効果的に予防または治療することができ、養殖産業において大きく貢献することができる。
The control agent of the present invention can effectively prevent or treat salmon and trout ichthyobodoparasitis, and can greatly contribute to the aquaculture industry.
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| JP2017000085A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2017-01-05 | 沖縄県 | Ectoparasite control method for marine pisciculture |
| JP6508754B2 (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-05-08 | 地方独立行政法人北海道立総合研究機構 | Infectious disease preventive agent of salmon fry for release |
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