JP3684382B2 - Crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
In addition to tea, the present invention relates to an improvement of a crusher for crushing grains such as sesame, wheat and buckwheat, and minerals such as ceramics and rocks to an appropriate particle size (fineness).
[0002]
[Prior art]
Tea is not only a favorite but also popular as a health food. Tea contains abundant vitamins and minerals, and if the tea is simply put out with hot water, most of the above nutrients remain in the tea and the nutrients cannot be consumed. Therefore, if the tea is made into powdered tea and served with hot water, sufficient intake of the above nutrients becomes possible.
By the way, a mortar is generally used as a pulverizer for converting leaf tea into powdered tea.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above stone mill, the opposed grinding surfaces of the upper mill and the lower mill facing each other have a planar shape, so that the residence time on the grinding surface is shortened, and powdered tea having an appropriate particle size may not be obtained. As a solution to this, it may be possible to lengthen the crushing process by using a large diameter in order to lengthen the residence time. However, this method cannot avoid increasing the size of the apparatus, and at the same time, the driving power is large. Things are necessary and not preferred.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the conventional stone mill, the pulverized pulverized material adheres to the pulverized surface of the mortar, and it is difficult to take it out of the mold even after the pulverization is completed. In addition, the pulverization efficiency was not so high because the object to be pulverized introduced from the material inlet was not smoothly guided to the pulverization surface. In addition, the stone mortar was extremely worn depending on the material, and was sometimes easily chipped due to collision. Also, stone mills have problems such as high cost and technical skill because they are made by processing natural stone such as granite.
[0005]
Therefore, the present applicants previously proposed an improved pulverizer according to Japanese Patent Application No. 6-272819 for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned problems.
Although the above-mentioned pulverizer was able to achieve the initial purpose, it still had the following problems.
[0006]
In other words, in the pulverizer of the prior application, only the hole for the material input is formed on the upper mill side, so that the material replenishment work is frequent and troublesome during continuous pulverization. Also, as a solution to this problem, it is usually considered to attach a hopper to the material input port, but the mere attachment of the hopper cannot avoid an increase in size and cost. In addition, when the pulverizer is operated by tilting the die for particle size adjustment with the hopper attached to the material input port, the unprocessed material (the material to be crushed) in the hopper is input as the change angle increases. There were problems such as spilling from the mouth side.
[0007]
In addition, since the gap width between the grinding surfaces of the opposing upper and lower dies cannot be changed in a fixed state, the particle size cannot be adjusted according to the type of the object to be crushed, and the pulverization work cannot be performed efficiently. The problem was still unresolved.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is for further solving various problems in the prior application, and the first invention is a lower mortar (2) having a mortar-shaped pulverized surface (2a), and a pulverized surface formed on the outer surface side ( 3a) for rotating the upper die (3) and the upper die (3), which coincides with the grinding surface (2a) of the lower die (2) and has a funnel-shaped hopper (3t) formed on the inner surface side. And a gap adjusting mechanism (22) capable of appropriately changing the gap width (g) between the grinding surfaces (3a) and (2a) of the opposing upper and lower mortars (3) and (2). The gap adjusting mechanism (22) is provided with coil springs (21), (25), (30) that always press the lower die (2) elastically toward the upper die (3). The pulverizer characterized by this is proposed.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is for further solving various problems in the above-mentioned prior application . The lower die (2) having a mortar-shaped pulverized surface (2a) and the pulverized surface (3a) formed on the outer surface side are the lower ones. An upper die (3) that matches the grinding surface (2a) of the mortar (2) and has a funnel-shaped hopper (3t) formed on the inner surface side, and a driving device (8) for rotationally driving the upper mortar (3) ), An angle changing device (16) for changing the upper and lower dies (3) and (2) to an arbitrary angle, and both grinding surfaces (3a) of the upper and lower dies (3) and (2) facing each other ), (2a) and a gap adjusting mechanism (22) capable of appropriately changing the gap width (g). The lower die (2) is placed on the upper die (3) side of the gap adjusting mechanism (22). Proposing a pulverizer characterized by comprising coil springs (21), (25), (30) that are always elastically pressed toward A.
[0011]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a pulverizer, which shows a desktop type as an example. 2 is provided with a mortar-shaped crusher 2a, for example, a metal such as a casting, a ceramic such as alumina porcelain, ordinary porcelain, or earthenware, or a metal obtained by coating the crushing surface 2a with a ceramic member having excellent wear resistance and heat resistance. A shaft hole 2b made of a through hole is formed at the center, and the direction of the main groove 2d made of a plurality of parallel grooves on the upper surface (inner side) 2c and the direction of the main groove 2d is changed. A pulverized surface 2a made up of the sub-grooves 2e is formed.
[0012]
3 is a material of the lower mill whose surface 3a coincides with the grinding surface 2a of the lower mill 2 and whose upper end 3f is formed slightly longer by the upper end 2f of the lower mill 2 and protrudes upward. Similarly, an upper die made of metal, ceramic, or metal coated with a pulverized surface 3a and positioned on the lower surface (outer) 3g side to form the pulverized surface 3a and positioned on the upper surface (inner) 3m side Thus, the hopper portion 3t is formed.
[0013]
The hopper 3t has a funnel shape that is narrowed inward from the upper material inlet 3p side that is expanded outward to the lower material outlet 3i side, and the lower material outlet 3i is a lower surface ( It communicates with the grinding surface 3a side on the outer side. 3h is a shaft hole formed of a through hole formed at the center of the lower portion, and a fitting groove 3k for connection is formed in the hole 3h. Reference numeral 5 denotes a lid made of a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, nylon, or polypropylene, which is detachably attached to the material charging port 3p of the hopper 3t of the upper die 3, and operates the grinder 1 by tilting the die. In order to prevent the object to be crushed a (material) in the hopper 3t from spilling out of the die from the material input port 3p side, a fitting type utilizing the elasticity of the lid itself It is detachably mounted by a general fixing means such as a detachable type using a locking member such as a spring or a screw tightening type with a reverse screw, etc. The remaining state of the object (material) a to be crushed in the portion 3t is made of a transparent member so that it can be seen without removing the lid 5.
[0014]
3a is a grinding surface formed on the lower surface (outside) 3g facing the grinding surface 2a of the lower mill 2 and the main grooves 3d and the sub-grooves 3e are alternately formed over the entire circumference as in the lower mill 2 Has been. Reference numeral 3j denotes an arcuate material guide groove formed from the lower end 3i 'of the material discharge port 3i to the grinding surface 3a in accordance with the rotational direction of the mortar (in this case, the upper mortar).
[0015]
Reference numeral 6 denotes an attachment base, and a tray 7 and a lower mortar 2 are attached to the upper surface 6a side by screws 15. Reference numeral 8 denotes a drive device composed of a motor with a reduction gear for alternating current for rotating the upper die 3 at an arbitrary low speed of 30 rpm to 200 rpm, for example. A flange-like mounting flange 17 that penetrates the center mounting hole 6c and the shaft holes 2b and 3b of the upper and lower dies in a state where the tip protrudes upward and is fixed to the upper end surface of the case is also provided. It is attached to the lower surface 6b side of the mounting base by an eye bolt type mounting screw 18 inserted through the mounting hole 17a of the mounting portion and the mounting hole 6e of the mounting base 6 and a wing nut type adjusting nut 19 screwed on the same screw. Reference numeral 20 denotes a guide pin fixed to the mounting flange 17, and the same pin protruding upward is inserted into the guide hole 2h on the lower surface 2g side of the lower die 2 so as to be able to advance and retract. Reference numeral 21 denotes a coil spring wound around the guide pin 20. The spring 21 interposed between the mounting flange 17 and the mounting base 6 is applied with a load applied to the mounting base 6 even if the spring force is small (the weight of the lower die and the mounting base). Must be equal to or greater than In other words, the coil spring 21 must always have a spring force (a force for lifting the lower mortar and the mounting table) so that the upper surface 6a of the mounting table is in contact with the lower surface 18b of the head 18a of the mounting screw 18. The spring 21 constitutes a gap adjusting mechanism 22 together with the driving device 8, the mounting screw 18, the adjusting nut 19, and the mounting base 6.
[0016]
The gap adjusting mechanism 22 is intended to adjust the grain width of the workpiece by appropriately changing the gap width g formed between the grinding surfaces of the upper and lower dies. 1 and 2, the coil spring 21 is compressed when the adjustment nut 19 is tightened while fixing the screw head 18a side so that the screw 18 does not rotate idle. Thus, the guide pin 20 penetrates toward the back of the guide hole 2h on the lower die 2 side, and the lower die 2 moves downward by that amount, so that the grinding surface 2a of the lower die 2 faces the upper die 3 side. The gap width g increases away from the grinding surface 3a. If the adjusting nut 19 is turned in the direction of loosening, the lower mortar 2 is moved downward and the gap width g is reduced. When the gap width g is increased, the particle size of the object to be crushed becomes coarse, and when the gap width g is reduced, the particle size becomes fine. Reference numeral 17 c denotes a through hole formed in the mounting flange 17, which is located below the head of the screw 15 and is larger than the head diameter.
[0017]
6 and 7 show a connection state between the rotary shaft 8a of the driving device 8 and the upper die 3, and the coaxial 8a passes through the shaft hole 2b of the lower die 2 and the shaft hole 3h of the upper die 3 as described above. Further, a cap nut-type tightening screw 9 is screwed and connected to the threaded portion 8b of the rotary shaft 8a protruding to the upper surface (inner) side of the upper mill 3, and by this connection, the rotary shaft 8a side The connecting pin 10 in the U-shaped storage groove 8e is fitted so as not to idle with respect to the fitting groove 3k of the shaft hole 3h on the upper die 3 side, so that the output of the driving device 8 is reliably transmitted through the rotary shaft 8a. 3 is transmitted.
[0018]
Reference numeral 11 denotes a support base for desktop installation, and reference numeral 12 denotes a storage case integrated with the support base. By fitting the lower 8c side of a motor with a speed reducer exemplified as the drive unit 8 into the case 12, In addition to the driving device 8, the upper and lower mortars 3 and 2, the fixed mounting base 6, and the tray 7 that are integral with the device 8 are integrally attached to the support base 11. Reference numeral 16 denotes an angle changing device for changing the upper and lower mortars 3 and 2 provided on the support base 11 to an arbitrary angle in a range of approximately 0 to 180 degrees, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9. The screw case 11 is screwed into the screw hole 11 a of the support base 11, and the tip 13 a is inserted into the support hole 12 a on the side surface of the storage case 12, so that the storage case 12 is pivotally supported around the pin 13. The support pin 13 is positioned below the support pin 13 and is screwed into the screw hole 11c on the side surface of the support base 11. Further, the tip 14a is engaged with the angle changing groove 12b formed on the side surface of the storage case 12 ( And an angle changing pin 14 for changing the storage case or the like to an arbitrary angle. The angle changing groove 12b includes a shallow groove-shaped guide portion 12c and a deep groove-shaped fixing portion 12d formed at predetermined intervals on the guide portion 12c. The angle changing groove 12b has a trajectory of the angle changing pin 14 with the support pin 13 as a center. It is formed in an arc shape along.
[0019]
Note that the angle changing device 16 is not limited to the above-mentioned method, but only a shallow groove-shaped guide portion, so that the angle can be continuously finely changed, and further a rotating part (support pin part) ) Can be implemented by changing the angle to a gear type or a latch type.
[0020]
Next, FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the lower die movement type gap adjusting mechanism 22 in the same manner as described above, and a pipe guide 23 which is located in the central through hole 6c of the mounting base 6 and protrudes upward is fixed. ing. The pipe guide 23 has its lower end integrally fixed to the tray 7 or the mounting base 6, and the shaft hole 2b of the lower mill 2 is inserted into the guide, and the rotation of the driving device 8 is inserted into the pipe guide hole 23a. The shaft 8a is inserted with its tip protruding upward. An adjustment nut 24 for fixing the lower mortar 2 and adjusting the gap width g at the same time is screwed to the screw portion 23b formed on the outer peripheral surface. Reference numeral 20 denotes a bolt-type guide pin that is fixed to the mounting base 6 and protrudes upward. The pin 20 is inserted into a guide hole 2h formed in the lower surface 2g of the lower mortar 2 so as to freely advance and retract. A coil spring 25 is wound between the lower surface 2 g of the lower die 2 and the upper surface 6 a of the mounting base 6. The coil spring 25 needs to have a spring force larger than the weight of the lower mill 2 and a spring force that does not hinder the tightening operation of the adjusting nut 24. Reference numeral 31 denotes a mounting flange integral with the drive device, and 32 denotes a screw for mounting the mounting flange.
[0021]
When changing the gap width g in the adjusting mechanism 22 having the above-described configuration, first loosen the cap nut-type fastening screw 9 to remove it from the rotary shaft 8a, and then lift the upper die 3 upward and remove it. When the adjusting nut 24 is turned in the tightening direction, the lower die 2 moves downward by a predetermined amount that the nut 24 rotates against the spring force of the coil spring 25. In this case, the lower mortar 2 is directly pressed down by hand so that the adjustment nut 24 can be easily turned, and then the nut is operated. After the movement, the once removed upper mill 3 is reinserted into the rotary shaft 8a and finally tightened by the tightening screw 9 to complete the adjustment of the gap width g. In this way, the lower mill 2 moves downward so that the lower milling surface 2 a is separated from the milling surface 3 a of the upper mill 3 and the gap width g formed between the two milling surfaces is increased. Further, if the adjustment nut 24 is turned in the direction of loosening, the lower die 2 is moved upward by the coil spring 25, and the gap width g is reduced.
[0025]
Next, the use of the pulverizer 1 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG.
In a stopped state of the pulverizer, after removing the lid 5, a predetermined amount of leaf tea a is supplied from the material charging port 3p into the hopper 3t, and the lid 5 is remounted. If it is mounted, the adjustment nut 19 of the gap adjusting mechanism 22 is tightened or loosened so that the gap width g between the pulverized surfaces 3a, 2a of the upper mortar 3 and lower mortar 2 matches the tea (the material to be crushed). adjust. When a power supply (not shown) is turned on, the motor with a speed reducer of the drive device 8 is started, and the rotating shaft 8a rotates at a constant low speed. The introduced leaf a is guided to the grinding surface 3a through the material guide groove 3j by the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation of the mortar. The leaf a further moves in or on the groove while being crushed or crushed by the rotation and rotation of the upper mill 3 and the main grooves 3d and 2d of the upper and lower mills 3 and 2 and the sub-grooves 3e and 2e. It moves toward the outer peripheral side. In this case, since the grinding surfaces 3a and 2a of the upper and lower mortars are shaped like a mortar, the leaf a stays for a long time by going back and forth on the grinding surface, and gradually moves toward the outer peripheral side and becomes finer. It will be crushed. In the case where the crushing operation is continuously performed, the material a is supplied into the hopper portion 3t each time while the reduction degree of the material (object to be crushed) is seen through the lid 5. In the initial stage of pulverization, fine adjustment is performed while appropriately changing the gap width g between the two pulverized surfaces while observing the pulverization state (time and particle size).
[0026]
When the crushing is finished, the angle changing device 16 changes the angle of the upper and lower dies in the horizontal state of FIG. 1 to an arbitrary angle, for example, 60 degrees from the horizontal state of FIG. 1 as shown in FIG. The angle can be changed to an arbitrary angle from the state shown in FIG. 1 to about 90 degrees in the front-rear direction. The change is made by turning the angle changing pin 14 in a loosening direction. That is, when the change pin 14 is turned, the tip 14a of the pin located in the fixing portion 12d of the angle change groove 12b on the side surface of the storage case 12 is separated so that the storage case 12 can be changed to an arbitrary angle. Become. When the angle change is completed, the change pin 14 is retightened to fix the angle. When the upper die is rotated again at a low speed, the powdered tea that has already been crushed is smoothly discharged from the gap between the joint end faces 2n and 3n of both dies along the rotation of the die and once falls into the tray 7 Further, it is discharged out of the machine from the door-shaped outlet 7a of the tray 7 located at the lowermost portion by inclination.
[0027]
In the above description, the pulverizer 1 is installed on the desk, and the pulverizer is driven with the mortar leveled. However, the pulverizer can be pulverized in an inclined state from the beginning. In this case, the longer the inclination (change) angle, the shorter the residence time on the pulverized surface of the material to be crushed (powdered tea), and the coarser the particle size, and the longer the residence time by leveling the die Fine grinding is possible. Therefore, if the inclination angle is changed according to the type of the material to be crushed and the desired particle size, the particle size can be adjusted appropriately during pulverization. In the operation in the inclined state as described above, it is important to always attach the lid 5 to the material charging port 3i of the hopper 3t in order to prevent the material from falling out.
[0028]
This pulverization situation is not limited to powdered tea but also other grains and minerals, and the size of the pulverizer is not limited to the desktop type. Even if it is a thing, as long as it does not deviate from the meaning of this application, it does not matter.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The pulverizer of the present invention has the above-described configuration, and the pulverization surfaces of the upper and lower mortars are not flat but mortar-shaped as in the prior art. ) Can be lengthened, and the size of the mortar can be reduced.
[0030]
In addition, since the gap width g formed between the pulverized surfaces of the upper and lower dies is appropriately changed to provide a gap adjusting mechanism that can easily adjust the particle size of the pulverized material, the efficiency depends on the type of the pulverized material. Can be crushed. In addition, the gap adjusting mechanism includes a coil spring that constantly presses the lower die toward the upper die, so that the lower die moves up and down during grinding by the action of the coil spring. It is possible to prevent galling, and the pulverized surfaces of both dies formed between the upper dies are maintained in a uniform pressing state, and an object to be pulverized with a uniform particle size distribution is obtained. Overload operation can be prevented.
[0031]
Moreover, since the hopper part is integrally formed inside the upper die, the structure can be simplified and the member cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the hopper part is attached separately, and many objects to be crushed at once. Since (material) can be supplied, continuous work is possible and workability is improved.
[0032]
Furthermore, since the mortar can be healthy at any angle, it is possible to freely investigate the residence time on the pulverized surface of the material to be crushed by changing the angle and crushing. Pulverized product) can be easily obtained, and at the same time, it becomes easy to take out a processed product such as powdered tea from the mortar.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a pulverizer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG.
3 is a bottom view of the upper die of FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a top view of the lower die.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a mounting position of the driving device as viewed from below.
FIG. 6 is a detailed view of a shaft hole portion viewed from the front side.
FIG. 7 is a detailed view of FIG. 6 viewed from the side.
FIG. 8 is a front view of the crusher with the angle changed.
FIG. 9 is a side view of the angle changing device portion.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part showing another embodiment of the lower mill movement type gap adjusting device of the pulverizer of the present invention.

Claims (1)

Lower mill (2) having a mortar-shaped grinding surface (2a), and the grinding surface (3a) formed on the outer surface side coincides with the grinding surface (2a) of the lower mill (2) and has a funnel shape on the inner surface side. The upper die (3) in which the hopper part (3t) is formed, the drive device (8) for rotationally driving the upper die (3), and the upper and lower die (3), (2) at an arbitrary angle An angle changing device (16) for changing, and a gap adjusting mechanism capable of appropriately changing the gap width (g) between the grinding surfaces (3a), (2a) of the opposing upper and lower dies (3), (2) (22), and the gap adjusting mechanism (22) has a lower die. ( 2 ) A pulverizer characterized by comprising coil springs (21), (25), (30) that are always elastically pressed toward the upper mill (3) side.

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