JP4866764B2 - Control method of distributed power supply - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a control method for compensating for load fluctuations by integrally controlling a plurality of types of distributed power sources having different tracking performance with respect to load fluctuations.

As social trends after the liberalization of the electric power market, various distributed power sources (natural gas cogeneration and fuel cells) may enter the building as energy supply facilities for the reasons shown in (1) to (4) below. Is high.
(1) A considerably high total energy efficiency (over 80%) can be expected by cogeneration.
(2) Reduction of CO ₂ emissions can be expected.
(3) It can be expected to reduce costs by reducing the amount of contracted power from the commercial grid and by reducing distribution facilities.
(4) High independence during earthquakes and fires.

  Currently, these distributed power sources are introduced mainly for the purpose of reducing energy costs for consumers, and are rated by “base load operation” (see Fig. 7 (a)), which is easy to achieve high operating rate and economy. It is driving. In the future, when more distributed power sources enter the consumer side and are connected to the commercial grid by base load operation, the commercial grid will only be required to compensate for load fluctuations and adjust voltage and frequency fluctuation adjustment functions (this (This is called an ancillary function). In short, the power company will play a detrimental role.

  On the other hand, as a national measure, there is a movement aiming to build a cooperative relationship by reducing the burden on the commercial system by load following operation of distributed power sources. The “microgrid” has recently been discussed. In an energy supply system using a distributed power supply that incorporates the idea of microgrid, constant power purchase operation (see Fig. 7 (b)) is connected during commercial grid connection, and stable quality power is supplied within the autonomous range during autonomous operation. It is requested to do.

In order to realize such an energy supply system, it is necessary to perform load following operation by cooperatively controlling a plurality of distributed power sources. As a prior art, based on a pattern in which load fluctuations in buildings fluctuate slowly in units of one day, rapid load fluctuations are superimposed. There is known a control method for a distributed power source that realizes load following operation by combining various types of distributed power sources (see FIG. 6) and sharing the frequency band (for example, see Patent Document 1).
JP 2006-246484 A

  However, when actually constructing the above energy supply system, there is a high possibility that the load is physically separated and it is difficult to measure all the load power. In the control method 1, there is a problem that it is impossible to follow the load with respect to the load fluctuation that is not measured. Since these errors are mainly compensated by large-capacity generators, they are compensated from the commercial power grid when commercial grids are connected, and it is impossible to achieve constant power purchase control. There is a possibility that the power quality such as voltage and frequency will deteriorate.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is a distributed power source capable of performing load following operation using only the output of each distributed power source necessary for control without measuring load power. An object is to provide a control method.

  The present invention distributes load fluctuations to be compensated to one of the respective distributed power supplies when performing load fluctuation compensation by integrally controlling a plurality of types of distributed power supplies having different tracking performance with respect to load fluctuations. A distributed power source control method for compensating for each of the distributed power sources, detecting the output of each of the distributed power sources, estimating the load power from the total output of the detected distributed power sources, and based on the estimated load power And controlling the output shared by each distributed power source.

  The present invention provides a distributed power source that has a dominant influence on the frequency among the distributed power sources so that the electric power purchased from the commercial system is constant during the grid connection, and during the independent operation. The output of another distributed power supply is controlled so that the deviation of the frequency fluctuation caused by the output fluctuation falls within a predetermined range.

  According to the present invention, load power is estimated from the detected total value of each distributed power source, and the output shared by each distributed power source is controlled based on this estimated load power to compensate for load fluctuations. Since it did in this way, the effect that a highly accurate load following driving | operation can be implement | achieved, without measuring load electric power is acquired. For this reason, since control can be performed only with the power supply output necessary for output control, it is possible to reduce the number of measuring instruments, and it is also possible to apply when the load is discrete and measurement is difficult. Further, constant power purchase control during commercial grid connection and load following operation during independent operation can be realized with high quality.

Hereinafter, a distributed power supply control method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an energy supply system using a distributed power source in the embodiment. The distributed power source includes a gas engine 1, a secondary battery 2, a power storage device 3 such as an electric double layer capacitor, and a control computer 4 that controls power output. The gas engine 1 includes a power meter 11 that measures active power (P _GE ) and outputs the measured power to the control computer 4. The secondary battery 2 includes a power measuring instrument 12 that measures active power (P _BES ) and outputs it to the control computer 4. The power storage device 3 includes a power _meter 13 that measures active power (P _EDLC ) and outputs it to the control computer 4. In addition, a power meter 15 that measures the power supplied to the load 5 is also provided. The control computer 4 obtains active power output commands Ps _BES and Ps _EDLC based on the active power outputs P _GE , P _BES , and P _EDLC measured by the power meters 11, 12, and 13, respectively. Control is performed to supply stable power by outputting to the power storage device 3. At this time, the control computer 4, the gas engine output _{P GE} entered, the secondary battery output _{P BES,} obtaining the estimated load _{P L} from the output sum obtained by adding the power storage device _{P EDLC.} That is, in the supply and demand of power, there is a premise that the demand and supply instantaneously coincide with each other, so the load power is estimated by P _L = P _GE + P _BES + P _EDLC .

  In such an energy supply system using a distributed power source, there are some loads 6 for which load power cannot be measured. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a time change of the actually measured load power and the estimated load power. As shown in FIG. 2, a difference of about 15 kW is observed between the actually measured load power and the estimated load power. This corresponds to the load power that cannot be measured.

Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the operation of performing the load following operation based on the load power estimated by the control computer 4 shown in FIG. 1 will be described. FIG. 3 is a control block diagram showing the configuration inside the control computer 4. The control computer 4 includes a load power estimation unit 41 that estimates a load power value and a control unit 42 that performs output control of each power source. First load power estimating unit 41, the gas engine output _{P GE} entered, the secondary battery output _{P BES,} obtains a load estimated value _{P L} from the output sum obtained by adding the power storage device _{P EDLC,} and outputs to the control unit 42. Control unit 42 compensates the main component of the load fluctuation by compensating the output P _BES of the secondary battery 2 by the difference from the estimated load P _L obtained by subtracting the output target value P _GEref of the gas engine 1. The control unit 42, the components to the the estimated load P _L subtracts the output P _BES target output value P _GEref the secondary battery 2 of the gas engine 1 is a power storage device 3 to compensate is obtained, thereby, Compensates for fast load fluctuations. On the other hand, the control unit 42 compensates for an error in supply and demand by compensating for all the differences obtained by subtracting the secondary battery output P _BES and the power storage device output P _EDLC from the load power P _LOAD . When the load follow-up operation can be realized by the secondary battery 2 and the power storage device 3, the operation is constantly _performed at the output target value P _GEref .

  Since the energy supply system shown in FIG. 1 is a self-supporting system disconnected from the commercial system, the remaining power compensated for fluctuations by the secondary battery 2 and the power storage device 3 is supplied by the gas engine 1. It has become. During the interconnected operation, the power equivalent to the output of the gas engine 1 becomes the purchased power, and the fixed power purchase operation is performed.

FIG. 4 shows the time variation of the active power when the load following operation is performed by the control operation shown in FIG. As is apparent from the results shown in FIG. 4, it can be seen that the output of the gas engine 1 can be made constant at the output target value of 150 kW by estimating the load power from the output of each power source.
Note that the output of the gas engine 1 does not always have to be constant, and in the example of FIG. 4, the deviation of the frequency fluctuation caused by the output fluctuation of the gas engine 1 having a dominant influence on the frequency is a predetermined value. It only has to be within the range.

The system shown in FIG. 1 is separated from the commercial system, and has a configuration in which only a distributed power source exists in the system. As described above, the power generation amount and the load consumption amount instantaneously coincide with each other, but an error always occurs due to measurement and response problems. This error is compensated by the commercial system when it is connected to the commercial system. However, in the self-sustained system, a rotating generator type generator with a large output (power source without an inverter; gas engine, gas) Turbine) or the like. However, since power is forcibly supplied from a power supply that originally has poor responsiveness, there is a problem that power quality such as system frequency and voltage is significantly deteriorated. Therefore, other distributed power sources (power sources having inverters; fuel cells, storage batteries, power storage devices, etc.) are controlled so that such a generator operates at a constant output during independent operation. That is, in the system shown in FIG. 1, the output of the secondary battery output P _BES and the output of the power storage device P _EDLC are determined so that the gas engine output P _GE is always constant assuming that the gas engine is a commercial system.

  Next, a case where the energy supply system is connected to a commercial system (at the time of system interconnection) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an energy supply system connected to a commercial system. In this figure, the same parts as those in the system shown in FIG. The energy supply system shown in FIG. 5 is different from the energy supply system shown in FIG. 1 in that the commercial system 7 is connected and a power measuring instrument 17 that measures the power supplied by the commercial system 7 is provided. It is a point.

In the supply and demand of electric power, there is a premise that the demand and supply in an instant will coincide. That is, in the system shown in FIG. 5, P _L = P _GE + P _BES + P _EDLC + P _GRID is always established. The present invention is aimed at making the purchased electric power by determining the output of each dispersed power source from the P _L constant.

First, the difference obtained by subtracting the power purchase target value P _GRID from load estimated value P _L determines the output command value of the gas engine 1, thereby compensating for the major component of the load fluctuation. Further, by subtracting the power purchase target value P _GRID and the output value P _GE of the gas engine 1 from the estimated load value P _L, P _BES to be compensated for the secondary battery 2 is obtained, and the gas engine 1 cannot compensate. Compensates for high speed load fluctuations. Further, by subtracting the target power purchase value P _GRID , the output value P _GE of the gas engine 1 and the output value P _BES of the secondary battery 2 from the estimated load value P _L , a component to be compensated for by the power storage device 3 is obtained. Thus, even faster load fluctuations can be compensated. When load tracking can be realized by the gas engine 1, the secondary battery 2, and the power storage device 3, the purchased power from the commercial system is constant at _PGRID .

  In this way, load power is estimated from the detected total value of each distributed power source, and the output shared by each distributed power source is controlled based on this estimated load power to compensate for load fluctuations. Therefore, highly accurate load following operation can be realized without measuring load power. For this reason, since control can be performed only with the power supply output necessary for output control, it is possible to reduce the number of measuring instruments, and it is also possible to apply when the load is discrete and measurement is difficult. Further, constant power purchase control during commercial grid connection and load following operation during independent operation can be realized with high quality.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the time change of the actually measured load power and the estimated load power. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the control computer 4 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of having implemented load follow operation. It is a block diagram which shows the structure to which the commercial system was connected. It is explanatory drawing which shows the characteristic of a distributed power supply. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state of a base load driving | operation and a power purchase fixed driving | operation.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Gas engine, 2 ... Secondary battery, 3 ... Electric power storage apparatus, 4 ... Control computer, 5 ... Load, 6 ... Load which cannot be measured, 7 ... Commercial system , 11, 12, 13, 15, 17 ... power measuring instrument

Claims (2)

A distributed power source composed of a gas engine generator, a secondary battery, and a power storage device that have different follow-up performance with respect to load fluctuations, a control computer that controls the operation of the distributed power source, and output power of the gas engine generator are measured. In an energy supply system comprising a first power meter, a second power meter that measures output power of the secondary battery, and a third power meter that measures output power of the power storage device, In performing load fluctuation compensation by comprehensively controlling the distributed power supply, a distributed power supply control method for compensating for load fluctuations to be compensated by sharing each of the distributed power supplies,
The control computer inputs the output power value measured by each of the first, second and third power measuring devices, obtains a load estimated value from the total value of the three input output power values,
Control the output power of the secondary battery so as to compensate the difference obtained by subtracting the target output value of the gas engine generator from the load estimated value by the output power of the secondary battery,
Control the output power of the power storage device so that the power storage device compensates for the difference obtained by subtracting the output target value of the gas engine generator and the output power value of the secondary battery from the estimated load value. A control method for a distributed power source. A distributed power source composed of a gas engine generator, a secondary battery, and a power storage device having different follow-up performance with respect to load fluctuations is connected to a commercial system, and a control computer that controls the operation of the distributed power source, and the gas engine generator A first power meter that measures output power; a second power meter that measures output power of the secondary battery; a third power meter that measures output power of the power storage device; In an energy supply system comprising a fourth power meter for measuring power supplied from a commercial system, load fluctuations to be compensated for when performing load fluctuation compensation by comprehensively controlling the distributed power source are respectively A distributed power supply control method that compensates for any of the distributed power supplies.
The control computer inputs an output power value measured by each of the first, second, third and fourth power measuring devices, and obtains a load estimated value from a total value of the four input output power values. ,
Controlling the output power of the gas engine generator so as to compensate the difference obtained by subtracting the target power purchase value of the commercial system from the load estimated value by the output power of the gas engine generator;
The output of the secondary battery so as to compensate the difference obtained by subtracting the target power purchase value of the commercial system and the output power value of the gas engine generator from the load estimated value by the output power of the secondary battery. Control power,
The power storage device compensates for a difference obtained by subtracting the commercial power purchase target value, the gas engine generator output power value, and the secondary battery output power value from the load estimated value. the control method of the distributed-type power supply you and controlling the output power of the power storage device.

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