JP4860066B2 - Plant introduction method using buried seeds - Google Patents

Plant introduction method using buried seeds Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4860066B2
JP4860066B2 JP2001241106A JP2001241106A JP4860066B2 JP 4860066 B2 JP4860066 B2 JP 4860066B2 JP 2001241106 A JP2001241106 A JP 2001241106A JP 2001241106 A JP2001241106 A JP 2001241106A JP 4860066 B2 JP4860066 B2 JP 4860066B2
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planting
slope
shelf
seeds
forest
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JP2003055972A (en
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秀弘 小畑
保弘 星澤
伸二 谷口
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Nisshoku Corp
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Nisshoku Corp
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  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば切土法面や崩壊した裸地法面などに対する埋土種子による植物導入方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
切土法面や裸地法面などでは、自然にまかせての植生の遷移は、長期間を経てもなかなか進み難く、かと言って、周辺の植生とは異なる植物を導入することは景観的に違和感がいつまでも残ることから、近年では、シードバンクと称される埋土種子を含んだ森林表層土を採取し、これを積極的に法面に導入して、植生の遷移を促進させる工夫がなされいる。
【0003】
この際、景観的に違和感を伴わせないように、周辺に生育している主林木を生育させることが望ましいことは言うまでもない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、埋土種子には先駆性の種類が多く、かつ、この種類は、森林表層土を植生基盤にして、法面に土壌が少なくても或いはなくても、よく生育し、やがては土壌を生成するのであるが、主林木の生育環境は、土壌がある程度深くないと生育できず、埋土種子を含む森林表層土を導入するだけでは、周辺の主林木が生育することは稀であって、主林木導入のためには、法面に深い穴を掘って周辺の主林木となる苗木を移植する等、多大の費用をかけて植栽基盤を形成する必要があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、かゝる実情に鑑みて成されたものであって、その目的は、コスト的に安価で且つ早い時期に、周辺の主林木が法面上に成立される植物導入方法を提供する点にあり、即ち、本発明による植物導入方法は、埋土種子を含む森林表層土を、緑化対象の法面上に播き出し又は吹き付け施工する一方、緑化対象法面の周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の種子を採取し、これを苗木にまで生育させて、これを法面上に適宜の間隔で設置された植栽棚内の植栽基盤材に植栽することで植生の遷移を早期に実現することを特徴としている(請求項1)。
【0006】
上記の方法によれば、法面に施工された森林表層土中の先駆性の埋土種子が、土壌の少ない又は土壌のない法面であっても、森林表層土を植生基盤にして、よく生育し、やがては森林表層土上に土壌を生成することになる。
【0007】
一方、緑化対象法面の周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の種子を採取し、これを生育させた苗木は、法面上に設置された植栽棚内の十分な植栽基盤で大きく生育し、やがては種子を生産するようになり、かつ、この種子が、先駆性の埋土種子によって生成された土壌の上に落下して、これが発芽・生育することで、切土法面や裸地法面などでの植物の遷移ならびに景観の保全が早期に達成される。
【0008】
即ち、法面に深い穴を掘る多大の費用が必要な主林木成立の導入形態に代えて、法面上に設置した植栽棚内の植栽基盤材に前記苗木を植栽させる主林木成立の導入形態をとったことで、コスト的に安価で且つ早期に、周辺の主林木による法面の緑化が達成されるに至ったのであり、しかも、遺伝子の攪乱もおきることがないのである。
【0009】
前記苗木の植栽を行うための植栽棚として、本出願人が特願平7−129285号によって提案している柱体構造の植栽棚や、特願平9−108204号によって提案している半円筒構造の植栽棚などを選択できる。
【0010】
この他に、アンカーピン等によって法面に固定される方形の枠体と、正面部材と左右の側面部材とを有して、正面部材の下部側が枠体の下枠部材に係止され且つ側面部材の下部側が左右の縦枠部材に接合される棚部材とからなるものを選択できる
【0011】
かゝる構成の植栽棚によれば、アンカーピン等を用いて、方形の枠体を法面に固定し、正面部材の下部側を枠体の下枠部材に係止させ、かつ、側面部材の下部側を例えば番線などで左右の縦枠部材に接合させることで、法面に金網を張設して、これを支持材とするような大掛かりな手間を必要としないで、法面上の任意の箇所に植栽棚を設置することができる。
【0012】
また、この植栽棚による植栽基盤材の充填量を、必要十分に大きくすることができることから、ポット苗を含めての苗木の活着もよくなるのである。
【0013】
【0014】
この場合、望ましくは、植栽基盤材として、埋土種子を含んだ森林表層土、或いは、これらを含んだ植栽基盤材を充填することである。このようにすると、含まれた埋土種子が植栽棚の上面あるいは側面から発芽生育し、景観的に又エコロジーの面で良好である。
【0015】
ここで、方形の枠体と棚部材とを予め一体化させて、これの方形の枠体を法面に固定する設置形態をとることも可能であるが、運搬上で好ましくは、方形の枠体と棚部材とを別体に形成して、方形の枠体の左右の縦枠部材または上下の枠部材を、連結手段によって中間部で折り畳み可能に構成しておくことであり、また、複数の棚部材を互いに重ね合わせて、コンパクトに纏め得るように、平面視でコの字状の棚部材を、それの左右の側面部材の遊端側を拡がり勝手に構成したり、棚部材の左右の側面部材を正面部材側に折り畳み可能にして、複数の棚部材を重ね合わせ可能に構成することも、運搬上で好ましい形態である。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。図1は切土法面Nに対する緑化の初期段階の状況を示し、シードバンクと称される埋土種子を含んだ森林表層土1を採取して、この森林表層土1を、例えばエアロシーダー等の吹付け機を用いて、法面N上に例えば3cm〜15cm程度の厚みで吹き付け施工(播き出し施工を実施してもよく、以下同じ。)している。
【0017】
この一方、法面N上に植栽棚2を適宜の間隔で設置して、この植栽棚2に植栽基盤材(図7を参照)3を充填し、法面Nの上半分の植栽棚2に対しては、緑化対象の法面Nの周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の苗木(この例ではポット苗)aを採取して、これを植栽棚2内の植栽基盤材3に植栽し、法面Nの下半分の植栽棚2に対しては、それの植栽基盤材3に草本類の苗bを植栽している。この場合、法面Nの周辺に生育する主林木の結実期に種子を採取し、これを圃場で苗木aにまで生育させて、これを植栽棚2に充填の植栽基盤材3に移植する。
【0018】
森林表層土1として、これを緑化すべき法面N周辺の埋土種子を含むものを選択することが望ましく、この森林表層土1の採取に際しては、図2に示すように、例えば小灌木やカヤ、笹などの下層植生を下刈りして排除し、落葉が溜まったA00層と、分解しかけた落葉の腐植が溜まったA0 層と、腐植と土とが混ざったA1 層と、養分の抜けたA2 層とを対象にして、これらを例えば耕運爪4などを用いて解し、これを採取すればよいのである。
【0019】
しかし、森林表層土1の採取域は、緑化すべき法面Nの周辺に限られるものではなく、例えば大規模な土地造成を行うニュータウンの開発域や道路等の建設域なども採取対象とされる。
【0020】
植栽棚2に充填する植栽基盤材3としては、上記のシードバンクと称される埋土種子を含んだ森林表層土や、土壌改良材、保水剤、有機堆肥、化学肥料、植物性繊維などを適宜に混合した植生基材、更には、この植生基材と埋土種子を含む森林表層土との混合物などが選択され、必要に応じて植物種子も配合される。
【0021】
この配合すべき植物種子としては、法面Nの緑化現地で採取した種子であることが好ましい。しかし、埋土種子のみや採取種子では、これが発芽生育するまでに、植栽基盤材3のエロージョンを生じる虞れがあるなどと懸念されるならば、植栽基盤材3の早期の安定化を図ることを目的として、生育の早い外来の草本種子を少量配合すればよい。
【0022】
この草本種子の配合に際しては、丈の短い植物を100〜200本/m2 程度の成立本数に抑えるものとする。この程度に成立本数を抑えると、導入した主林木を被圧することなく、植栽基盤を安定させることができる。
【0023】
上記の植生基材に含ませる保水材としては、パーライト、バーミキュライト、高吸水性ポリマーなどが選択され、土壌改良材としては、ピートモス、バーク堆肥、ベントナイトが選択される。
【0024】
上記の植物導入工法によれば、法面Nの下半分では、草本類の苗bによる早期の緑化が達成され、法面Nの全面では、法面Nに施工された森林表層土1が含む先駆性の埋土種子が、土壌の少ない又は土壌のない法面Nであっても、森林表層土1を植生基盤にして発芽し、よく生育して、埋土種子による緑化が成されるのであり、やがては森林表層土1上に土壌を生成する。
【0025】
植栽基盤材3として、埋土種子を含む森林表層土や、森林表層土と植生基材との混合物を選択した場合は、この植栽基盤材3に含まれる先駆性の埋土種子も同様に生育して、土壌を生成するようになり、植栽基盤材3に草本類の植物種子を配合した場合は、植栽棚2の上面部が草本類によって早期に緑化されるようになる。
【0026】
一方、主林木の苗木aは、適宜の間隔で植栽されることから、互いに養分を取り合うことなく、十分な量の植栽基盤材3を充填した植栽棚2内で大きく生育し、やがては種子を生産して、この種子が先駆性の埋土種子によって生成された土壌の上に落下し、これが発芽・生育することで、法面Nの森林化がなされるのであって、全体として、法面Nでの植物の遷移ならびに景観の保全が早期に達成されることになる。
【0027】
上記の実施の形態では、採取した森林表層土1をそのまま、法面N上に播き出し又は吹き付け施工しているが、この森林表層土1をベースにして、これに土壌改良材、保水剤、有機堆肥、化学肥料、植物性繊維などの少なくとも一つを混合し、これを法面Nに施工してもよいのであり、保水材としては、パーライト、バーミキュライト、高吸水性ポリマーなどが選択され、土壌改良材としては、ピートモス、バーク堆肥、ベントナイトが選択される。
【0028】
【0029】
例えば、陽樹であるコナラの場合、これを日当たりのよい圃場で単木的に実生させると、成立年で茎長が15cm、1年で114cm、2年で290cm、3年で458cm、4年では521cmにまで達し、胸高直径(DBH)は4.4cmで、地際では8.5cmにまで生育し、群落状態では、3000本/haの植栽密度の下で、10年で樹高が平均8m、DBHが平均8cm(大きいものでは16cm)に達するとの報告がある。
【0030】
また、コナラは繁殖を始める年齢が低く、樹高50〜90cmの2年生の幼齢木が花を付けたとの報告もあり、このことから、法面Nの周辺に生育する主林木がコナラである場合は、コナラが早い時期に結実して種子を法面N上に供給することから、植生の遷移が早期に実現される利点がある。
【0031】
図3及び図4に示すように、この実施の形態では、植栽棚2を、アンカーピン5等によって法面Nに固定される方形の枠体6と、正面部材7aと左右の側面部材7b,7bとによる平面視でコの字状の棚部材7と、この棚部材7の正面部材7aに備えられたフック部材8とから構成している。
【0032】
方形の枠体6とフック部材8とは、例えば鋼材製であって、方形の枠体6については、ループ体cとこれに連結されるフック体dとによる連結手段9を、左右の縦枠部材6a,6aの中間部に備えて、方形枠体6をコの字状に折り畳むことで、これをコンパクトにして運搬できるようにしている。
【0033】
尚、方形枠体6の上下の枠部材6b,6bの中間部に連結手段9を備えても、方形枠体6をコの字状に折り畳むことで、これをコンパクトにして運搬することができる。
【0034】
また、平面視でコの字状の棚部材7についても、これの左右の側面部材7b,7bの遊端側を拡がり勝手に形成して、複数の棚部材7を互いに重ね合わせて、コンパクトに纏め得るように構成しており、かつ、この棚部材7を、例えば亜鉛メッキ鉄線のネット製としているが、この棚部材7と方形の枠体6およびフック部材8のそれぞれをプラスチック製としてもよいのである。
【0035】
図5に示すように、棚部材7の左右の側面部材7b,7bを、ヒンジ部材7cを介して正面部材7aの左右両側に連結して、左右の側面部材7b,7bを正面部材7a側に折り畳み可能に構成しても、複数の棚部材7を互いに重ね合わせて、コンパクトに纏めることができる。
【0036】
上記の構成による植栽棚2を法面Nに設置するに際して、先ずは図6に示すように、方形の枠体6を、それの上下の枠部材6b,6bが水平になるように法面N上に配置して、これの例えば左右の縦枠部材6a,6aの上部側を、アンカーピン5等を用いて法面Nに固定する。
【0037】
そして、棚部材7の正面部材7aの下部側を、方形枠体6の下枠部材6aの上辺部に係止させる一方、棚部材7の左右の側面部材7bの下部側を、例えば番線10などを用いて、方形枠体6の左右の縦枠部材6a,6aに接合し、かつ、棚部材7の正面部材7aに備えたフック部材8を、方形枠体6の上枠部材6bに係止させるのである。
【0038】
これをもって、法面Nに対する植栽棚2の設置を完了するのであり、ここで法面N上に森林表層土1を吹き付け施工し、次いで図7に示すように、植栽棚2内に植栽基盤材3を充填して、この植栽基盤材3に、緑化対象の法面Nの周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の苗木aを植栽し、主林木の導入による法面Nの緑化を図るのである。
【0039】
好ましくは、植栽した苗木aが、周辺からの飛来種子による草本類によって被圧を受けないように、植栽基盤材3の表面部に防草シート11を設けることである。
【0040】
上記の構成によれば、方形の枠体6を法面Nに固定して、これに棚部材7を保持させるだけの簡単な作業によって、金網などの支持材を一切必要としないで、法面N上の任意の箇所に植栽棚2を設置することができのであり、更に、この植栽棚2による植栽基盤材3の充填量を、必要十分に大きくすることができることから、苗木aの活着もよくなる。
【0041】
この植栽棚2の内面部に、例えば椰子の繊維製のマットや不織布などを備えれば、植栽棚2に充填した植栽基盤材3の流亡を効果的に防止することができ、更に、これらのマットや不織布などに植物種子・肥料を貼着させておけば、棚部材7の正面部材7aと左右の側面部材7b,7bの前面部が、植生によって覆われるようになることから、景観的に良好なものとなる。
【0042】
植栽棚2の設置形態は、上記の手順に限られるものではなく、正面部材7aの下部側を下枠部材6aの上辺部に、かつ、フック部材8を方形枠体6の上枠部材6bに係止させた状態で、棚部材7の左右の側面部材7bの下部側を、方形枠体6の左右の縦枠部材6a,6aに接合させて、方形の枠体6と棚部材7とを予め一体化させ、これの方形の枠体6を、アンカーピン5等を用いて法面Nに固定する形態をとってもよいのである。
【0043】
上記のフック部材8は、設置の安定化と正面部材7aの孕み出し防止の機能を持つものであるが、このフック部材8を植栽棚2に備えることは、必須の要件ではない。
【0044】
植栽棚2の構成も上記のものに限られるものではなく、例えば図8に示すように、複数本のアンカーピン2aと例えば間伐材による柱体2bとを用意して、柱体2bにアンカーピン2aの挿通孔を形成し、この孔にアンカーピン2aを挿通させて、正面部材7aと側面部材7bとを形成した植栽棚(詳しくは特願平7−129285号を参照)2や、図9に示すように、複数個の円弧状横枠2cとこれらを連結する縦枠2dとから成る保持枠体2Aと、この保持枠体2Aの内側に配置されるシート状部材2B、及び、保持枠体2Aの固定用アンカーピン5からなる植栽棚(詳しくは特願平9−108204号を参照)2などを選択することができる。
【0045】
これらの構成による植栽棚2の設置は、法面Nへの森林表層土1の施工後に限られるものではなく、図10に示すように、法面N上への森林表層土1の吹き付け施工後に植栽棚2を設置し、この後、図11に示すように、植栽棚2内に植栽基盤材3を充填して、この植栽基盤材3に、緑化対象の法面Nの周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の苗木aを植栽する形態をとってもよいのであり、或いは、森林表層土1の施工と並行して、法面N上に植栽棚2を設置する形態を選択することも可能である。
【0046】
植栽棚2の使途として、森林表層土1を法面N上に播き出し又は吹き付け施工することなく、単に植栽棚2を法面N上に設置して、これに植栽基盤材3を充填し、かつ、この植栽基盤材3に、苗木を植栽する等の法面Nの緑化に用いることができる。
【0047】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、請求項1記載の発明によれば、コスト的に安価で且つ早い時期に、周辺の主林木が法面上に成立される植物導入方法が提供される
【0048】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 切土法面に対する緑化の初期段階の状況を示す説明図である。
【図2】 森林表層土の採取状況を示す説明図である。
【図3】 植栽棚の分解斜視図である。
【図4】 アンカーピンとコンパクトに纏めた方形枠体と棚部材との斜視図である。
【図5】 コンパクトに纏める構成の別の実施の形態による棚部材の斜視図である。
【図6】 法面上への植栽棚の設置説明図である。
【図7】 植栽棚に充填した植栽基盤材への苗木の植栽状態を示す説明図である。
【図8】 別の実施の形態による植栽棚の斜視図である。
【図9】 更に別の実施の形態による植栽棚の斜視図である。
【図10】 変形例による植栽棚の設置説明図である。
【図11】 変形例による植栽棚への苗木の植栽状態を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1…森林表層土、2…植栽棚、3…植栽基盤材、5…アンカーピン、6…方形の枠体、6a…縦枠部材、6b…上下の枠部材、7…棚部材、7a…正面部材、7b…側面部材、9…連結手段、a…苗木、N…法面。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant introduction method using buried seeds for, for example, a cut slope or a collapsed bare slope.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In cut slopes and bare slopes, the transition of vegetation that is left to nature is difficult to proceed even after a long period of time. In recent years, there has been an effort to promote the transition of vegetation by collecting forest surface soil containing buried seeds, called seed banks, and actively introducing it to the slope. It is.
[0003]
At this time, it goes without saying that it is desirable to grow the main forest trees growing in the vicinity so as not to give a sense of incongruity in the landscape.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, there are many pioneering types of buried seeds, and this type is based on the forest surface soil as a vegetation base and grows well with little or no soil on the slope. However, if the soil is not deep enough, it cannot grow unless the soil is deep enough. In order to introduce the main forest trees, it was necessary to form a planting base at a great expense, such as digging a deep hole in the slope and transplanting the seedlings that will be the main forest trees around.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a plant introduction method in which the surrounding main forest tree is established on the slope at a low cost and at an early stage. That is, in the plant introduction method according to the present invention, the forest surface soil containing buried seeds is sown or sprayed on the slope to be planted, and is grown mainly around the slope to be planted. Transition of vegetation by collecting one or more seeds of forest trees, growing them to seedlings, and planting them on planting base materials in planting shelves installed at appropriate intervals on the slope Is realized early (claim 1).
[0006]
According to the above method, even if the pioneered buried seed in the forest surface soil constructed on the slope is a slope with little or no soil, the forest surface soil should be used as a vegetation base. Grows and eventually produces soil on the forest surface soil.
[0007]
On the other hand, one or more seeds of the main forest tree that grows around the slope to be planted are collected, and the seedlings on which they are grown grow greatly on a sufficient planting base in the planting shelf installed on the slope. Eventually, seeds were produced, and these seeds dropped onto the soil generated by the pioneering buried seeds, which germinated and grew, so that the cut slope and bareness The transition of the plant and the conservation of the landscape are achieved at an early stage.
[0008]
In other words, instead of introducing a main forest tree that requires a large amount of money to dig a deep hole in the slope, the main forest tree is formed by planting the seedlings on the planting base material in the planting shelf installed on the slope. As a result, the planting of the slopes by the surrounding main forest trees was achieved at a low cost and at an early stage, and there was no genetic disturbance.
[0009]
As a planting shelf for planting the seedlings, proposed by the applicant of Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 7-129285 and proposed by Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 9-108204 A semi-cylindrical planting shelf can be selected.
[0010]
In addition, it has a rectangular frame fixed to the slope by an anchor pin or the like, a front member and left and right side members, and the lower side of the front member is locked to the lower frame member of the frame and the side surface A member composed of a shelf member whose lower side of the member is joined to the left and right vertical frame members can be selected.
[0011]
According to the planting shelf of such a structure, using an anchor pin or the like, the rectangular frame is fixed to the slope, the lower side of the front member is locked to the lower frame member of the frame, and the side surface By joining the lower part of the member to the left and right vertical frame members with, for example, a number line, a wire mesh is stretched on the slope, and there is no need for such a large effort as a support material. Planting shelves can be installed at any point.
[0012]
Moreover, since the filling amount of the planting base material by this planting shelf can be increased sufficiently and sufficiently, the survival of seedlings including pot seedlings is improved.
[0013]
[0014]
In this case, it is desirable to fill a forest surface soil containing buried seeds or a planting base material containing these as a planting base material. If it does in this way, the contained buried seed will germinate and grow from the upper surface or side surface of a planting shelf, and it is favorable in terms of landscape and ecology.
[0015]
Here, it is possible to adopt an installation form in which the rectangular frame and the shelf member are integrated in advance, and the rectangular frame is fixed to the slope. However, the rectangular frame is preferably used for transportation. to form the body and the shelf member separately, the vertical frame members or vertical frame members of the left and right of the square frame body is that keep configured to be foldable in the middle portion by a connecting means, a plurality In order to be able to put together the shelf members of each other in a compact manner, the U-shaped shelf members in the plan view can be freely configured by expanding the free end sides of the left and right side members thereof, It is also a preferable form in terms of transportation that the side members can be folded to the front member side and the plurality of shelf members can be overlapped.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the state of the initial stage of tree planting on the cut slope N. A forest surface soil 1 containing buried seeds called a seed bank is collected, and this forest surface soil 1 is, for example, an aero seeder or the like The spraying construction (seeding construction may be carried out, and the same shall apply hereinafter) is carried out on the slope N with a thickness of about 3 cm to 15 cm, for example.
[0017]
On the other hand, planting shelves 2 are installed on the slope N at appropriate intervals, and the planting shelf 2 is filled with a planting base material (see FIG. 7) 3 so that the upper half of the slope N is planted. For the planting shelf 2, one or more seedlings (pot seedlings in this example) a that grows around the slope N to be planted are collected and planted in the planting shelf 2. Planted on the material 3, the herbaceous seedling b is planted on the planting base material 3 for the planting shelf 2 in the lower half of the slope N. In this case, seeds are collected at the fruiting stage of the main forest that grows around the slope N, grown to the seedling a in the field, and transplanted to the planting base material 3 filled in the planting shelf 2. To do.
[0018]
As the forest surface soil 1, it is desirable to select one containing buried seeds around the slope N to be greened. When collecting the forest surface soil 1, for example, as shown in FIG. Kaya, the vegetation to eliminate by weeding such bamboo, and a 00 layer litter is accumulated, and a 0 layer deciduous humus has accumulated that was about to decompose, and a 1 layer and are mixed humus and soil, intended for the a 2 layers of missing nutrients, construed by using a these example Kountsume 4 is can I collect it.
[0019]
However, the sampling area of the forest surface soil 1 is not limited to the area around the slope N to be greened. For example, the development area of a new town or a construction area such as a road where large-scale land development is performed is also subject to sampling. Is done.
[0020]
The planting base material 3 to be filled in the planting shelf 2 is a forest surface soil containing buried seeds referred to as the above seed bank, soil conditioner, water retention agent, organic compost, chemical fertilizer, plant fiber A vegetation base material appropriately mixed with the vegetation base material, a mixture of the vegetation base material and a forest surface soil containing buried seeds, and the like are selected, and plant seeds are also blended as necessary.
[0021]
The plant seeds to be blended are preferably seeds collected at the planting site on the slope N. However, if there is a concern that only the buried seeds or the collected seeds may cause erosion of the planting base material 3 before it germinates and grows, early stabilization of the planting base material 3 is necessary. For the purpose of preparation, a small amount of exogenous herbaceous seeds that grow quickly can be blended.
[0022]
When blending this herbaceous seed, the number of plants with short lengths is limited to about 100 to 200 / m 2 . If the number of established trees is suppressed to this level, the planting base can be stabilized without pressure on the introduced main forest tree.
[0023]
Perlite, vermiculite, a superabsorbent polymer, etc. are selected as the water retention material to be included in the vegetation base material, and peat moss, bark compost, and bentonite are selected as the soil improvement material.
[0024]
According to the above-mentioned plant introduction method, early greening by the herbaceous seedling b is achieved in the lower half of the slope N, and the entire surface of the slope N includes the forest surface soil 1 constructed on the slope N. Even if the pioneering buried seeds have a slope N with little or no soil, they germinate and grow well on the forest surface soil 1 as a vegetation base, and greening with the buried seeds is achieved. Yes, eventually, soil is generated on the forest surface soil 1.
[0025]
When the forest surface layer soil including the buried seeds or a mixture of the forest surface layer soil and the vegetation base material is selected as the planting base material 3, the pioneered buried seeds included in the planting base material 3 are the same. When the plant base material 3 is mixed with herbaceous plant seeds, the upper surface of the planting shelf 2 is greened early by the herbaceous plants.
[0026]
On the other hand, the seedling a of the main forest tree is planted at an appropriate interval, so that it grows large in the planting shelf 2 filled with a sufficient amount of the planting base material 3 without sharing nutrients with each other. Produces seeds, and these seeds fall on the soil generated by the pioneering buried seeds, and this germinates and grows, and the forest of the slope N is made as a whole. The transition of the plant and the conservation of the landscape on the slope N will be achieved at an early stage.
[0027]
In the above embodiment, the collected forest surface soil 1 is sown or sprayed on the slope N as it is, and based on the forest surface soil 1, a soil conditioner, water retention agent, At least one of organic compost, chemical fertilizer, plant fiber, etc., may be mixed and applied to the slope N. As the water retention material, pearlite, vermiculite, superabsorbent polymer, etc. are selected, Peat moss, bark compost, and bentonite are selected as soil amendments.
[0028]
[0029]
For example, in the case of a Japanese oak tree, if it is grown as a single tree in a sunny field, the stem length is 15 cm, the year is 114 cm, the year 2 is 290 cm, the year 3 is 458 cm, the year 3 is 458 cm, and the year 4 , The breast height diameter (DBH) is 4.4 cm, grows up to 8.5 cm on the ground, and the average tree height is 10 years under a planting density of 3000 trees / ha in the community. There is a report that 8m and DBH reach an average of 8cm (16cm for larger ones).
[0030]
In addition, Quercus has a low age to start breeding, and it has been reported that a 2-year-old young tree with a height of 50 to 90 cm has flowered. From this, the main forest tree that grows around the slope N is Konara. In such a case, the vegetation is fruited early and the seeds are supplied on the slope N, so that there is an advantage that the transition of vegetation is realized early.
[0031]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, in this embodiment, the planting shelf 2 is fixed to the slope N by anchor pins 5 or the like, a rectangular frame body 6, a front member 7a, and left and right side members 7b. , 7b in a plan view, and a hook member 8 provided on the front member 7a of the shelf member 7.
[0032]
The rectangular frame 6 and the hook member 8 are made of, for example, steel, and for the rectangular frame 6, the connecting means 9 by the loop body c and the hook body d connected thereto is connected to the left and right vertical frames. In the middle of the members 6a, 6a, the rectangular frame 6 is folded into a U-shape so that it can be transported in a compact form.
[0033]
Even if the connecting means 9 is provided in the middle part of the upper and lower frame members 6b, 6b of the rectangular frame 6, the rectangular frame 6 can be compactly transported by folding it into a U-shape. .
[0034]
Further, with respect to the U-shaped shelf member 7 in plan view, the free end sides of the left and right side members 7b and 7b are formed in an unfolded manner, and the plurality of shelf members 7 are overlapped with each other to be compact. The shelf member 7 is made of, for example, a galvanized iron wire net, but each of the shelf member 7, the rectangular frame body 6, and the hook member 8 may be made of plastic. It is.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 5, the left and right side members 7b and 7b of the shelf member 7 are connected to the left and right sides of the front member 7a via the hinge member 7c, and the left and right side members 7b and 7b are connected to the front member 7a side. Even if it is configured to be foldable, the plurality of shelf members 7 can be overlapped with each other to be compactly assembled.
[0036]
When installing the planting shelf 2 having the above configuration on the slope N, first, as shown in FIG. 6, the square frame 6 is sloped so that the upper and lower frame members 6b and 6b are horizontal. For example, the upper side of the left and right vertical frame members 6a, 6a is fixed to the slope N using the anchor pin 5 or the like.
[0037]
Then, the lower side of the front member 7a of the shelf member 7 is locked to the upper side of the lower frame member 6a of the rectangular frame 6, while the lower side of the left and right side members 7b of the shelf member 7 is, for example, a wire 10 or the like. The hook member 8 that is joined to the left and right vertical frame members 6a, 6a of the rectangular frame 6 and is provided on the front member 7a of the shelf member 7 is locked to the upper frame member 6b of the rectangular frame 6. To make it happen.
[0038]
With this, the installation of the planting shelf 2 for the slope N is completed. Here, the forest surface soil 1 is sprayed on the slope N, and then planted in the planting shelf 2 as shown in FIG. The planting base material 3 is filled, and the planting base material 3 is planted with one or more seedlings a of the main forest tree that grows around the slope N to be planted. This is to promote greening.
[0039]
Preferably, the herbicidal sheet 11 is provided on the surface portion of the planting base material 3 so that the planted seedling a is not subjected to pressure by the herb by flying seeds from the periphery.
[0040]
According to the above configuration, the square frame 6 is fixed to the slope N, and the support member such as a wire mesh is not required at all by the simple operation of holding the shelf member 7 on the slope. The planting shelf 2 can be installed at an arbitrary location on the N, and the filling amount of the planting base material 3 by the planting shelf 2 can be increased sufficiently and sufficiently. It ’s better to wear.
[0041]
If the inner surface of the planting shelf 2 is provided with, for example, an insulator fiber mat or non-woven fabric, the planting base material 3 filled in the planting shelf 2 can be effectively prevented from flowing out. If the plant seeds and fertilizer are pasted on these mats and nonwoven fabrics, the front member 7a of the shelf member 7 and the front portions of the left and right side members 7b and 7b will be covered with vegetation, The scenery will be good.
[0042]
The installation form of the planting shelf 2 is not limited to the above procedure, and the lower side of the front member 7a is on the upper side of the lower frame member 6a, and the hook member 8 is the upper frame member 6b of the rectangular frame 6. In the state of being locked to, the lower side of the left and right side members 7b of the shelf member 7 is joined to the left and right vertical frame members 6a, 6a of the rectangular frame 6, and the rectangular frame 6 and the shelf member 7 May be integrated in advance, and the rectangular frame 6 may be fixed to the slope N using the anchor pin 5 or the like.
[0043]
The hook member 8 has a function of stabilizing the installation and preventing the front member 7a from squeezing out. However, it is not essential to provide the hook member 8 in the planting shelf 2.
[0044]
The configuration of the planting shelf 2 is not limited to the above-described one. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of anchor pins 2a and a column 2b made of thinned wood, for example, are prepared and anchored to the column 2b. An insertion hole for the pin 2a is formed, and the anchor pin 2a is inserted into the hole to form a front shelf 7a and a side member 7b (see Japanese Patent Application No. 7-129285 for details) 2, As shown in FIG. 9, a holding frame 2A composed of a plurality of arc-shaped horizontal frames 2c and a vertical frame 2d connecting them, a sheet-like member 2B disposed inside the holding frame 2A, and A planting shelf (for example, see Japanese Patent Application No. 9-108204) 2 composed of anchor pins 5 for fixing the holding frame 2A can be selected.
[0045]
The installation of the planting shelf 2 with these configurations is not limited to the construction of the forest surface soil 1 on the slope N, but the spraying construction of the forest surface soil 1 on the slope N as shown in FIG. The planting shelf 2 is installed later, and then, as shown in FIG. 11, the planting base material 3 is filled in the planting shelf 2, and the planting base material 3 has the slope N to be planted. It may take the form of planting one or more seedlings a of the main forest tree that grows in the surroundings, or, in parallel with the construction of the forest surface soil 1, a form in which the planting shelf 2 is installed on the slope N It is also possible to select.
[0046]
As a use of the planting shelf 2, without planting or spraying the forest surface soil 1 on the slope N, the planting shelf 2 is simply installed on the slope N, and the planting base material 3 is attached thereto. The planting base material 3 can be filled and used for planting the slope N such as planting a seedling.
[0047]
【Effect of the invention】
As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in and early in cost inexpensive, plant introduction method mainly forest trees surrounding is established on the slopes is provided.
[0048]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the initial stage of greening for a cut slope.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of collecting forest surface soil.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a planting shelf.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an anchor pin, a rectangular frame and a shelf member that are compactly gathered.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a shelf member according to another embodiment configured to be compactly assembled.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of installation of a planting shelf on a slope.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a planting state of seedlings on a planting base material filled in a planting shelf.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a planting shelf according to another embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a planting shelf according to still another embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating installation of a planting shelf according to a modification.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a planting state of a seedling on a planting shelf according to a modification.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Forest surface soil, 2 ... Planting shelf, 3 ... Planting base material, 5 ... Anchor pin, 6 ... Rectangular frame, 6a ... Vertical frame member, 6b ... Upper and lower frame member, 7 ... Shelf member, 7a ... front member, 7b ... side member, 9 ... connecting means, a ... seedling, N ... slope.

Claims (1)

埋土種子を含む森林表層土を、緑化対象の法面上に播き出し又は吹き付け施工する一方、緑化対象法面の周辺に生育する主林木の一種以上の種子を採取し、これを苗木にまで生育させて、これを法面上に適宜の間隔で設置された植栽棚内の植栽基盤材に植栽することで植生の遷移を早期に実現することを特徴とする埋土種子による植物導入方法。  While seeding or spraying the forest surface soil containing buried seeds on the slope of the greening target, collect one or more seeds of the main forest tree that grows around the slope of the greening target, and use this as seedlings. Plants with buried seeds that grow and realize early transition of vegetation by planting them on planting base materials in planting shelves installed at appropriate intervals on the slope Introduction method.
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CN113647224B (en) * 2021-08-12 2023-02-17 中国水利水电科学研究院 Slope farmland water and soil conservation composite measure configuration method integrating slope and soil layer differentiation
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