JP4849940B2 - Forced moulting agent, feed for forced moulting and breeding method of laying hen - Google Patents

Description

  [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a compulsory moulting agent that forces a laying hen to molt, a feed for compulsory molting, and a method for breeding a laying hen.

  Chickens have the habit of losing old wings and replacing them with new ones. This molting phenomenon usually occurs naturally when the egg-laying period of 10 to 12 months overlaps with the period from late summer to winter. It also occurs when ovarian function is reduced by aging and hormone (estrogen) secretion is reduced. The maternity leave period lasts for about two months, but the start of molting period, maternity period, and the progress of molting are closely related to the ability to lay eggs. It tends to be short.

  Conventionally, a compulsory molting method has been employed in which this habit is used to artificially apply stress to laying hens (hereinafter referred to as “chicken”) to induce maternity, and after laying, laying is resumed. This compulsory molting shortens the maternity period and improves productivity, reduces various expenses such as renewal costs for young females and feed costs during the breeding period, adjusts the operation rate of the poultry house, adjusts the production period, extends the egg collection period, etc. It is carried out for the purpose of improving the economic effect of the rice and performing planned production to lay eggs at a time when the egg price is high. It is also carried out for the purpose of improving the quality of egg-laying rate, eggshell quality, egg white, etc. by molting.

As a general compulsory molting method, there are known methods such as a method of feeding and stopping water, a method of restricting feeding, a feeding method of low nutrient feed, a method of feeding a specific additive, and the like.
For example, a method of fasting (for example, non-fasting) that performs fasting for about 7 to 14 days (may be accompanied by about 1 to 2 days of water stoppage) and forcibly reduces body weight by 25 to 30% compared to the start of molting. Restricted feeding method that induces molting by feeding a small amount of feed continuously or by feeding the feed every other day or more (skip feed method) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2) ; Low-nutrient feeds include corn-based feed (low protein, high energy), bran-based feed (low protein, low energy), gluten feed-based feed (high protein, low energy), corn and bran-based feed Feeding feed such as feed (low protein, low energy) to induce moltation nutritionally (see, for example, Non-patent Document 3); To methods (see e.g. Non-Patent Document 4) to induce molting; and a method of inducing physiologically moulting is fed a low-sodium diet (for example, see Non-Patent Document 5) and the like.

  Furthermore, a method of feeding a high-concentration zinc feed (for example, see Non-patent Document 6); a method of feeding a high-concentration iodine feed (for example, see Non-patent Document 7); a method of feeding a high-concentration aluminum feed (for example, Non-Patent Document). 8); a method of feeding a drug-containing feed such as nicarbazin, empeptin, metal pure, tamoxifen, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, agonist, etc. (see, for example, Non-patent Document 9); A lighting control method (for example, see Non-Patent Document 10) or the like is also known that limits the lighting time in combination to reduce the depletion rate during the molting period and increase the spawning after the molting period.

However, in the fasting method, there are variations in the number of days to reach the target weight loss rate (25-30%) depending on the season, and especially in the winter, 5 to 7 days after fasting because it requires a lot of maintenance energy. There was a problem that the target body weight was reached with the eyes, the fallopian tube tissue was not completely atrophied and the old tissue was regenerated, and the effect of improving the eggshell quality was small. In addition, this method is accompanied by strong stress on the chickens, resulting in more depletion than normal breeding conditions, especially in the flocks with unevenness, the depletion rate becomes very high before reaching the target weight loss, which is harmful. There was a problem in animal welfare as the risk of microbial infection increased.
The low-nutrition feed feeding method is not as effective as expected, and the actual situation is that there are few cases where it is used.
Furthermore, the method of adding specific additives is prohibited in Japan in the case of drug administration, and the fact is that heavy metals are difficult to excrete at high concentrations in chicken manure and to dispose of the remaining feed.
Baker, M., J. Brake and GR Mcdaniel. 1983.Thr relationship between body weight lossduring an induced molt and postmolt egg production, egg weight and shell quality in caged layers.Poult.Sci. 62: 409-413. Fujinaka Kunori, Tatsuta Ken, Wada Masao, 2004. Spawning performance of the laying hens by the non-fasting compulsory molting method. PE Biggs, ME Persia, KW Koelkebeck, and CM Parsons. 2004. Further evaluation of nonfeed removal methods for molting programs.Poult. Sci. 83: 745-752. Douglas, CR, H. Harns, and HR Wilson.1972.The use of extremely low dietary calcium to alter the production pattern of laying hens.Poult.Sci. 51: 2015-2020. Toshihiko Masutani, Yoshihisa Yamagami, 1996. Effects of forced molting treatment by zinc administration and sodium deficiency in egg-laying chickens, Saitama Prefectural Institute of Experimental Research 29: 16-22. Shippee, RL, PE Stake, U. Kiehn, JL Lambert, and RW Simmons. 1979. High dietary zinc or magnesium as forced-resting agents for laying hen. Poult. Sci. 58: 949-954. Arrington, LR, RA Santa Cruz, RH Harms, and HR Wilson. 1967. Effect of excess dietary iodine upon pullets and laying hens. J. Nutr. 92: 325-330. Hussein, AS, AH Cantor, and TH Johnson.1989.Comparison of the use of dietary aluminum with the use of feed restriction for force-molting laying hens.Poult.Sci.68: 891-896. Pino, JA 1955. Force molting in White Leghorn hens by the use of enheptin. Poult. Sci. 34: 540-543. WD Andrews, 1987.Effect of lighting program and nutrition or reproductive performance of molted single comb white leghorn hens.Poult.Sci. 66: 1298-1305.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems and actual situations, and by suspending egg laying while feeding the feed, gradually reducing the body weight, and taking a sufficient resting period, It is an object of the present invention to provide a compulsory molting agent that can sufficiently atrophy the oviduct and induce molting, a feed for compulsory molting, and a method for breeding laying hens.

  Therefore, as a result of intensive research to solve the problem, the present inventor can stop egg laying while feeding and gradually lose weight by feeding piperine. It has been found that the ovary and fallopian tubes can be sufficiently atrophyed to induce molting and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention solves the above-described problems with a forced antifungal agent characterized by containing piperine as an active ingredient.
Moreover, this invention solves the said subject with the feed for forced molting characterized by containing piperine.
Moreover, this invention solves the said subject by the feed for forced molting characterized by containing a pepper or its extract.
Moreover, this invention solves the said subject by the breeding method of a laying hen characterized by performing a forced molting by feeding the said feed to a laying hen continuously or restrictively.

  If the forced molting agent of the present invention is administered, or the forced molting feed of the present invention is fed, the egg laying can be stopped while feeding the feed and the body weight can be gradually decreased. Since a maternity period can be provided, it is possible to suitably atrophy the ovary and fallopian tube and induce molting. Therefore, according to the breeding method of the present invention, an efficient laying hen can be bred.

The piperine used in the present invention does not matter whether it is separated or purified from a chemically synthesized product or a natural product. In addition, a natural product containing piperine can be used as it is in the form of an extract or a natural product active ingredient.
Examples of natural products containing piperine include pepper, japonica, kubeba, Indiana pepper, and Javanaga pepper, with pepper being particularly preferred. Examples of the pepper include black pepper, white pepper, green pepper, and pink pepper. Black pepper is particularly preferable.

The extract can be obtained, for example, by solvent extraction using water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. This solvent extraction can be performed by immersing or digesting a natural product in a solvent, and the extraction temperature is 15 to 25 ° C. in the case of cold immersion and 35 to 45 ° C. in the case of digestion. It is preferable. The extraction time varies depending on the extraction temperature, but is generally about 5 days, and is preferably performed until the soluble components are sufficiently dissolved.
The obtained extract can be used as it is by concentrating or diluting it or removing the solvent.

  Examples of the organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol; ketones such as acetone; esters such as ethyl acetate; ethers such as diethyl ether; methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Such as chlorobenzene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, and petroleum such as petroleum ether, and methanol, ethanol and diethyl ether are particularly preferable. Moreover, these organic solvents can be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.

The natural product active ingredient is, for example, the above extract is further shaken with various solvents, the fraction transferred to this solvent is taken out, and the solvent is distilled off to make the effective fraction, which is separated and purified from this. It can be obtained as an active ingredient.
Solvents used in this case are nonpolar solvents, for example, lower aliphatic ethers such as diethyl ether and ethyl methyl ether; lower halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform, dichloroethane and dibromoethane; benzene, toluene and xylene. Aromatic hydrocarbons and other petroleum solvents such as petroleum ether, petroleum benzene, ligroin and the like.

  Further, the remaining aqueous solution from which the effective fraction was collected is extracted by shaking using water and an organic solvent saturated with water, washed with water, and the solvent of the fraction transferred to the organic solvent layer as the residue. What distilled off can also be used as an effective fraction. This effective fraction is different from the above-mentioned effective fraction in physicochemical properties and in the components to be detected.

  In the present invention, the piperine content in the forced molting feed is in the range of 0.001 to 0.3% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 0.2% by mass. Moreover, when adding the natural product containing a piperine, for example, a pepper, it is preferable to add in the range of 0.01-3.0 mass% in feed, Preferably it is 0.5-2.0 mass%.

  Examples of feed raw materials used in the forced molting feed of the present invention include corn, milo, wheat, barley, oats, rye, brown rice, buckwheat, sweet potato, millet, hulls, etc .; rice bran, defatted rice bran, bran, rice flour, wheat Germs such as germ, wheat bran, corn straw, corn germ; soybean oil meal, kinakome powder, sweet potato oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, peanut oil meal, safflower oil meal, palm oil meal, palm kernel oil meal, sesame oil meal, sunflower oil meal, nakane Vegetable oil such as oil cake, mustard oil cake, castor oil cake; animal feed such as fish meal, fish soluble, meat powder, meat and bone meal, blood meal, bone meal, feather meal, skim milk powder, casein, dried whey; alfalfa meal , Plant stems and leaves such as pine needle meal; corn such as corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn steep liquor Processing industry by-products; vegetable oils such as corn endosperm oil, ester oil, soybean oil and palm kernel oil; fats and oils such as animal fats such as pork and beef tallow; starch processed products such as starch and starch residue; vitamins A and B Vitamins such as vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K; minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, cobalt, magnesium and sulfur; amino acids such as methionine, lysine, glycine, glutamic acid, tryptophan and arginine Can be mentioned.

  In addition, the feed of the present invention is a feed with a higher molting effect by adjusting and blending feed raw materials so as to be low protein, low energy, low sodium, low chlorine, low calcium, high phosphorus and high salmon. can do.

  That is, the forced molting feed is 0.10% or less as sodium, 0.20% or less as chlorine, 2.0% or less as calcium, 0.5% or more as phosphorus, and a Ca / P ratio of 3.0 or less, It is preferable to adjust vitamin A to 6,000 IU / kg or less, vitamin D 1,400 IU / kg or less, vitamin K 1.0 mg / kg or less, iodine 0.3 mg / kg or less, and cobalt 0.3 mg / kg or less.

  In addition, the said component adjustment in feed does not need to satisfy all the component values, and the effect of this invention can be improved more by adjusting at least one component.

  The feed of the present invention can be prepared in the form of mash, pellets, crumble, flakes, etc., but mash is particularly preferred. When preparing in the form of a mash, it is preferable to adjust the bulk specific gravity to a range of 300 to 550 g / L, preferably 350 to 480 g / L, because the amount of food consumed can be suppressed by increasing the volume of the ingested feed.

  Moreover, in this invention, 2.0 mm or more is 1-30 mass%, 1.0 mm-2.0 mm is 15-45 mass%, and 0.5 mm-1.0 mm is 20-40 mass%. In addition, it is preferable that 0.5 mm or less has a particle size constitution of 20 to 40% by mass because chicken feeding property is excellent, and blockage in a transport pipe and bridging in a storage tank can be prevented.

  The feed amount when feeding the feed of the present invention to chickens is, for example, preferably 0.3 mg to 210 mg / day, preferably 20 mg to 140 mg / day as piperine.

  The method for feeding the feed according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include continuous feeding or limited feeding, preferably limited feeding. Examples of the restricted feeding method include a fixed feeding method, a bi-day feeding method (skip feed), and a temporary decrease / provision method (step down / step up).

  When the feed for forced molting according to the present invention is fed, the molting starts generally on the 10th day from the feed feeding and is completed on the 35th day. The weight loss rate at the end of molting is about 10 to 30%.

  In addition, the compulsory moulting agent in the present invention appropriately includes piperine, a natural product containing piperine or an extract thereof, and a bulking agent such as talc, clay, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, bentonite, acidic clay, attapulgous clay, etc. It can be prepared by adding and blending. This compulsory molting agent can be appropriately added to and mixed with the egg-laying feed and used as a compulsory molting feed.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1 and Comparative Example 1
Test chicks (chicken: Highline Roller 59 weeks old) are set in 2 wards with 20 wings in 1 ward, and the lighting time per day is 10 hours. Reared in
Table 2 shows the egg-laying results in the breeding test, Table 3 shows the change in the amount of food per week (g / feather / day), Table 4 shows the weight loss rate (%), and 14 days after the start of the test. Table 5 shows the anatomical examination of the eyes (10 anatomical wings in each section). In addition, Table 6 shows the particle size distribution of the feed in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
The bulk specific gravity and particle size distribution were measured by the following methods.

◎ Measurement method of bulk specific gravity Attach a cut ring to a stand and set a funnel (120mm). The funnel height is adjusted so that the gap between the top of the 1 liter bottle and the bottom of the funnel is 10 cm. In addition, the funnel lower part is installed so that it may become a center part of a ridge. Next, after placing the sample on the funnel and allowing the sample to fall freely, along with the edge of the kite, remove the excess sample by rubbing with a ruler, etc., then measure the sample weight with the kite, and subtract the kite weight as the kite volume. Divide to determine the bulk specific gravity. In addition, the bulk specific gravity in a table | surface is an average value implemented twice.

◎ Measurement method of particle size distribution Using a standard sieve defined in Japanese Industrial Standard JISZ8801, leave 200g of sample at the top of the sieve and use a sieve shaker A-3PRP (manufactured by FRITSCH) for 10 minutes with an amplitude of 2.5 mm. A vibration is applied and the weight is measured for each classification to determine the weight ratio.
In addition, “2.0 mm or more” means a particle size that does not pass through a 2.0 mm sieve when using a standard sieve defined in the above Japanese Industrial Standard JISZ8801, “1.0 mm to 2.0 mm” Means a particle size that passes through a 2.0 mm sieve but does not pass through a 1.0 mm sieve. “0.5 mm to 1.0 mm” means that a 1.0 mm sieve passes but a 0.5 mm sieve passes. It means a particle size that does not pass through, and “0.5 mm or less” means a particle size that passes through a 0.5 mm sieve.

Example 2 and Comparative Example 2
Test birds (chicken species: Julia 68 weeks old) are set up in 2 wards with 30 chicks in 1 ward, and the day lighting time is 10 hours. did.
Table 8 shows the egg-laying results in the breeding test, Table 9 shows the change in egg-laying rate (%), Table 10 shows the change in food intake (g / feather / day), and the change in weight loss rate (%) Table 11 shows anatomical examinations (10 anatomical wings in each section) on the 14th day after the start of the test. In addition, Table 13 shows the particle size distribution of the feed in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.

Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 3
Test chicks (chicken: Highline Roller 59 weeks old) were provided in 4 wards with 20 wings in 1 ward, and the daylighting time was 10 hours, and the feeds shown in Table 14 were used in the Windless poultry house for 3 weeks. .
Table 15 shows the egg-laying results in the breeding test, Table 16 shows the change in egg-laying rate (%), Table 17 shows the change in food intake (g / feather / day), and the change in weight loss rate (%) Is shown in Table 18, and the anatomical examination (10 anatomical wings in each section) on the 14th day after the start of the test is shown in Table 19. In addition, Table 20 shows the particle size distribution of the feeds of Examples 3 to 5 and Comparative Example 3.

Examples 6-7 and Comparative Examples 4-5
Test chicks (chicken: Highline Roller, 66 weeks old) were placed in 4 wards with 20 wings in 1 ward, and were bred for 3 weeks using the feed shown in Table 21 in the Windless poultry house with a lighting time of 10 hours per day. . To the feed shown in Table 21, the vitamin / mineral mix shown in Table 22 was added. Comparative Example 4 and Example 6 were reared with constant feeding. Comparative Example 5 and Example 7 had a feed amount of 60 g / wing from the start of the test to the sixth day, and from the seventh day to the 21st day. Restricted feeding was performed at a feeding amount of 40 g / feather.
Next, the egg-laying results in the breeding test are shown in Table 23, the change in egg-laying rate (%) is shown in Table 24, the change in food intake (g / feather / day) is shown in Table 25, and the weight loss rate (%) Table 26 shows the changes in the anatomical examination (10 anatomical wings in each section) on the 14th day after the start of the test. In addition, Table 28 shows the particle size distribution of the feeds of Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5.

Claims (6)

  A compulsory moulting agent comprising piperine as an active ingredient.   A forced molting feed characterized by containing piperine.   A forced molting feed characterized by containing pepper or an extract thereof.   4. The compulsory molting feed according to claim 2, wherein the content of piperine in the feed is 0.001 to 0.3% by mass.   The feed for forced molting according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the bulk specific gravity is 300 to 550 g / L.   A breeding method for a laying hen characterized by performing forced molting by continually feeding or restricting the feed according to any one of claims 2 to 5 to the laying hen.