JP4832326B2 - Engine exhaust purification system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an engine exhaust gas purification device (hereinafter referred to as “exhaust gas purification device”) that reduces and purifies nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gas, and a liquid stored in a reductant tank is a different aqueous solution that does not function as a reductant. The present invention relates to a technique for accurately determining whether or not there is.

A liquid reducing agent or its precursor is injected and supplied upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst installed in the engine exhaust system, and NOx in the exhaust and the reducing agent are subjected to a catalytic reduction reaction to reduce and purify NOx into harmless components. There has been proposed an exhaust emission control device. In the exhaust purification device, if the concentration of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor changes due to some factor, the NOx purification efficiency of the NOx reduction catalyst may decrease, and the required NOx purification performance may not be obtained. In particular, when the mixing ratio of the solute and the solvent in the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is inappropriate, or when a different aqueous solution or water is mixed, this problem appears remarkably. For this reason, as described in Japanese Patent No. 3687915 (Patent Document 1), the present applicant uses a concentration sensor that measures the concentration of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor from the temperature rise characteristic of the heating element, A technique has been proposed for determining the type of liquid with high accuracy even when convection occurs in the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank.
Japanese Patent No. 3687915

  By the way, in the concentration sensor that uses the temperature rise characteristic of the heating element, for example, the amount of heat released from the heating element changes according to the temperature of the liquid to be measured, so calibration for calibrating this is indispensable. Since the operating temperature range of the density sensor ranges from a low temperature to a high temperature, calibration must be performed in all temperature ranges, and an increase in cost due to an increase in man-hours is inevitable. Thus, although it is desired to reduce the cost by performing calibration only in the frequently used normal temperature range, there is a risk that erroneous determination may be made in a low temperature range and a high temperature range that deviate from the normal temperature range.

  Therefore, in view of the conventional problems as described above, the present invention can change various threshold values for determining whether or not the aqueous solution is different from the temperature range where the calibration is performed and the temperature range deviating from the temperature range. An object of the present invention is to propose an exhaust emission control device that can reduce costs while ensuring the accuracy of discriminating between different aqueous solutions.

  Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the exhaust emission control device of an engine uses a reducing agent tank for storing a liquid reducing agent or a precursor thereof, and an exhaust gas using the liquid reducing agent or the precursor thereof in the reducing agent tank. A reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying nitrogen oxide therein, temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the liquid reducing agent in the reducing agent tank or a precursor thereof, and a heating element disposed in the reducing agent tank for a predetermined time. And a concentration measuring means for measuring the concentration of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor from the temperature rise characteristic of the heating element, and when the concentration measured by the concentration measuring means is less than the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, Or, when the precursor is discriminated as a heterogeneous aqueous solution that does not function as a reducing agent, and when the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is discriminated as a heterogeneous aqueous solution by the heterogeneous discriminating means, Based on the temperature and the rate of temperature change of the thermal body and the concentration measured by the concentration measuring means, validity determining means for determining whether or not the heterogeneous discrimination is valid, and different types by the validity determining means. A first counting unit that counts the number of different types of discrimination based on a predetermined count value when it is determined that the discrimination is appropriate; and the number of different types of discrimination counted by the first counting unit is a first predetermined number of times. Based on the temperature measured by the first heterogeneity discrimination determination means and the temperature measurement means when the above-mentioned kind of discrimination is established, the heterogeneity discrimination threshold, the predetermined count value and the first predetermined number of times And a first setting means for dynamically setting at least one.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the first setting means sets a different type discrimination threshold in a temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range to be smaller than a calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. And
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first setting means sets a predetermined count value in a temperature range deviating from the calibration temperature range to be smaller than a calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. And

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the first setting means sets the first predetermined number of times in a temperature range deviating from the calibration temperature range larger than the calibration temperature range of the concentration measuring means. It is characterized by.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reset unit that resets the number of different types of discrimination when the type of the different type discriminating unit discriminates that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is not a different type aqueous solution.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the validity determining means determines whether the temperature immediately before the operation of the heating element is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the rate of change in temperature associated with the operation of the heating element is equal to or lower than a predetermined change rate, and the concentration is the different type determination. The heterogeneous discrimination is determined to be valid when the predetermined density is smaller than the threshold value and the deviation between the previously measured density and the current measured density is less than the predetermined deviation.

In the invention according to claim 7, the second counting means for counting the number of times that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is continuously judged to be a different aqueous solution by the different kind judging means, and the second counting means. And second heterogeneous discrimination determining means for determining the heterogeneous discrimination when the counted number becomes equal to or greater than a second predetermined number of times greater than the first predetermined number of times.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a second setting unit that dynamically sets the second predetermined number of times based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring unit.

In a ninth aspect of the present invention, the second setting means sets the second predetermined number of times in a temperature range deviating from the calibration temperature range to be larger than the calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. It is characterized by.
According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided vehicle state determining means for determining whether the vehicle is running or stopped, and the first counting means is such that the vehicle is stopped by the vehicle state determining means. The number of times of different types of discrimination is counted based on a value obtained by multiplying the predetermined count value by a natural number of 2 or more.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotation speed detection means for detecting the rotation speed of the engine, and a vehicle speed detection means for detecting the vehicle speed, wherein the vehicle state determination means is the rotation detected by the rotation speed detection means. When the speed is equal to or lower than a first predetermined value and the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detection means is equal to or lower than a second predetermined value, the vehicle is determined to be stopped, while at other times, It is determined that the vehicle is traveling.

According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, there is provided third counting means for subtracting a predetermined number of times from the number of different types of discrimination when the validity judgment unit determines that the different type of discrimination is not valid.
The invention according to claim 13 comprises: a number writing means for writing the number of different types of discrimination into a nonvolatile memory when the engine is stopped; and a number of reading means for reading out the number of different types of discrimination from the nonvolatile memory when the engine is started. It is characterized by that.

  The invention according to claim 14 is characterized by comprising notifying means for notifying that when the heterogeneous discrimination is confirmed.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the concentration measured from the temperature rise characteristic using the liquid reducing agent or its precursor as a heat transfer medium is less than the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is the reducing agent. It is determined that the aqueous solution is a different kind of aqueous solution that does not function as In addition, when the heterogeneous discrimination is made that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is a heterogeneous aqueous solution, it is determined whether or not the heterogeneous discrimination is valid, and the predetermined count value is obtained only when the heterogeneous discrimination is valid. Based on this, the number of different types of discrimination is counted. Then, when the number of different types of discrimination reaches a first predetermined number or more, the different type of discrimination is determined. At this time, based on the temperature of the liquid reducing agent in the reducing agent tank or its precursor, at least one of the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, the predetermined count value, and the first predetermined number of times is dynamically set. By doing so, it is possible to determine with high accuracy whether or not the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is a heterogeneous aqueous solution even in a temperature range where calibration is not performed.

According to the second aspect of the invention, the different type determination threshold value in the temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range is set smaller than the different type determination threshold value in the calibration temperature range. It is possible to suppress the deterioration of the different type discrimination accuracy.
According to the invention described in claim 3, since the predetermined count value in the temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range is set smaller than the predetermined count value in the calibration temperature range, the calibration is not performed. It is possible to suppress a decrease in accuracy of determining different types of discrimination.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the first predetermined number of times in the temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range is set to be larger than the first predetermined number of times in the calibration temperature range, so that the calibration is performed. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of determination of different types due to the absence.
According to the invention described in claim 5, when it is determined that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is not a different aqueous solution, the probability that it is not a different aqueous solution is high. Reset. For this reason, counting of the number of different types of discrimination in a state in which there is a high probability of not being a different type aqueous solution does not proceed, and the accuracy of determining different types of discrimination can be improved.

  According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the temperature immediately before the operation of the heating element is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the temperature change rate accompanying the operation of the heating element is equal to or lower than the predetermined change rate, When the deviation between the concentration measured last time and the concentration measured this time is equal to or smaller than a predetermined deviation, it is determined that the heterogeneous discrimination is appropriate. For this reason, in a state where the temperature of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is low and at least a part of it is frozen, in a state where strong convection occurs in the liquid reducing agent or its precursor and the heat dissipation characteristics are changed, The determination that the heterogeneous discrimination is appropriate is not made, and the number of times of the heterogeneous discrimination with high reliability can be counted.

According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, when the number of times that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is continuously determined to be a different aqueous solution is equal to or greater than the second predetermined number, Determination is confirmed. For this reason, by appropriately setting the second predetermined number of times, it is possible to prevent the heterogeneous discrimination from being determined indefinitely.
According to the eighth aspect of the invention, the second predetermined number of times is dynamically set based on the temperature of the liquid reducing agent in the reducing agent tank or the precursor thereof, and thus deviated from the calibration temperature range of the sensor or the like. It is possible to improve the accuracy of determining different types of discrimination in the temperature range.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, since the second predetermined number of times in the temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range is set larger than the second predetermined number of times in the calibration temperature range, the calibration is performed. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the accuracy of determination of different types due to the absence.
According to the invention of claim 10, it is considered that the convection generated in the liquid reducing agent in the reducing agent tank or the precursor thereof is weak or no convection occurs while the vehicle is stopped. By performing so-called weighting on the predetermined count value, the heterogeneous discrimination can be determined in a short time while ensuring the heterogeneous discrimination accuracy.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, when the engine rotational speed is equal to or lower than the first predetermined value and the vehicle speed is equal to or lower than the second predetermined value, it is determined that the vehicle is “stopped”; It is determined that For this reason, when the vehicle is stopped, the vehicle state can be determined with high accuracy in consideration of the fact that the engine is idling and the vehicle speed is substantially zero.

According to the twelfth aspect of the invention, when it is determined that the heterogeneous discrimination is not valid, the predetermined number of times is subtracted from the number of different types of discrimination, so that the counting in the state where the liquid discrimination is difficult is canceled and the heterogeneous discrimination is confirmed. Accuracy can be improved.
According to the thirteenth aspect of the invention, the number of different types of discrimination is written to the nonvolatile memory when the engine is stopped, while the number of different types of discrimination is read from the nonvolatile memory when the engine is started. For this reason, the number of different types of discrimination before starting the engine is inherited, and it is not necessary to perform counting from the beginning each time the engine is started, so that different types of discrimination can be determined in a short time.

  According to the invention described in claim 14, the vehicle driver can quickly grasp that the reducing agent tank contains the different aqueous solution. For example, by taking appropriate measures such as replacement, the vehicle driver can The function can be demonstrated.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of an exhaust purification device that uses an aqueous urea solution as a precursor of a liquid reducing agent to reduce and purify NOx in engine exhaust.
A nitrogen oxidation catalyst 16 that oxidizes nitrogen monoxide (NO) into nitrogen dioxide (NO ₂ ) and an aqueous urea solution are injected along the exhaust circulation direction into the exhaust pipe 14 connected to the exhaust manifold 12 of the engine 10. An injection nozzle 18 for supplying, an NOx reduction catalyst 20 for reducing and purifying NOx using ammonia obtained by hydrolyzing a urea aqueous solution, and an ammonia oxidation catalyst 22 for oxidizing ammonia that has passed through the NOx reduction catalyst 20 Each is arranged. On the other hand, the urea aqueous solution stored in the reducing agent tank 24 is supplied to the injection nozzle 18 via the pump module 26 that sucks and pressure-feeds the urea aqueous solution and the addition module 28 that controls the injection flow rate.

In such an exhaust purification device, the urea aqueous solution injected and supplied from the injection nozzle 18 is hydrolyzed using the exhaust heat and water vapor in the exhaust, and converted into ammonia. It is known that the converted ammonia undergoes a reduction reaction with NOx in the exhaust gas in the NOx reduction catalyst 20 and is converted into water (H ₂ O) and nitrogen (N ₂ ). At this time, in order to improve the NOx purification efficiency in the NOx reduction catalyst 20, NO is oxidized to NO ₂ by the nitrogen oxidation catalyst 16, and the ratio of NO to NO ₂ in the exhaust gas is improved to be suitable for the reduction reaction. The On the other hand, the ammonia that has passed through the NOx reduction catalyst 20 is oxidized by the ammonia oxidation catalyst 22 disposed downstream of the exhaust gas, so that ammonia is prevented from being released into the atmosphere as it is.

The reducing agent tank 24 is provided with a sensor 30 that functions as a concentration measuring unit and a temperature measuring unit in order to measure the concentration (urea concentration) and temperature of the urea aqueous solution. 2A, the sensor 30 includes a base 30A fixed to the top wall of the reducing agent tank 24, a support 30B suspended from the base 30A toward the bottom wall of the storage tank 24, and a support. Ceramic heater 30C (heating element) fixed to the tip (free end) of part 30B. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the sensor 30 has a temperature rise characteristic (T ₁ −T ₀ ) when the ceramic heater 30C is operated for a predetermined time Δt, that is, heat dissipation using urea aqueous solution as a heat transfer medium. The concentration is indirectly measured from the characteristics. At this time, the sensor 30 can also indirectly measure the temperature of the urea aqueous solution by the resistance change of the ceramic heater 30C.

  An output signal of the sensor 30, specifically, a concentration signal and a temperature signal are input to a control unit 32 incorporating a computer. Further, an engine rotation speed signal, a vehicle speed signal, an ignition switch signal, and the like are input to the control unit 32 from the engine control unit 32 that performs various controls of the engine 10 via a CAN (Controller Area Network) or the like. Then, the control unit 32 executes a control program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) or the like, thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, a liquid type determination unit 32A, a heterogeneous determination validity determination unit 32B, a threshold value / A count value setting unit 32C, a different type discrimination number counting unit 32D, and a different type discrimination determining unit 32E are implemented.

In the present embodiment, the engine control unit 34 functions as a rotational speed detection means and a vehicle speed detection means, but these may be detected by a known sensor. The control program is not limited to the control unit 32 and may be executed by an existing control unit such as the engine control unit 34.
The liquid type discriminating unit 32A functions as a different type discriminating unit, and discriminates based on the concentration signal whether the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24 is a urea aqueous solution or a different type aqueous solution every predetermined time after the engine is started. A normal discrimination signal or a different type discrimination signal is output according to the discrimination result. The heterogeneous discrimination validity determination unit 32B functions as a validity determination unit, and determines whether or not the heterogeneous discrimination is valid based on the temperature signal and the concentration signal when the heterogeneous discrimination signal is output. A count signal indicating that the number of different types of discrimination should be counted is output according to the result. The threshold value / count value setting unit 32C functions as first and second setting means, and determines a heterogeneous determination threshold value for determining whether or not the aqueous solution is a different type, a determination threshold value for determining the different type determination, and a backup threshold value (for details) And a count value for counting the number of different types of discrimination is dynamically set based on the temperature signal. The heterogeneous discrimination number counting unit 32D functions as first and second counting means, vehicle state determining means, and resetting means, and appropriately counts the heterogeneous discrimination count and the backup count when a count signal is output. The heterogeneous discrimination determination unit 32E functions as first and second heterogeneous discrimination determination means, and when the number of different types of determination reaches or exceeds the determination threshold (first predetermined number) or the backup count is larger than the determination threshold. When the threshold value (second predetermined number of times) is reached, the heterogeneous discrimination is confirmed and a heterogeneous discrimination confirmation signal is output.

Next, various functions relating to liquid discrimination will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.
In FIG. 4 showing the liquid type determination process by the liquid type determination unit 32A, in step 1 (abbreviated as “S1” in the figure, the same applies hereinafter), from the sensor 30 as the urea concentration of the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24. Read density signal.

  In step 2, it is determined whether or not the urea concentration is less than the heterogeneous determination threshold value. Here, the different type discrimination threshold is for demarcating the urea aqueous solution and the different aqueous solution, and is dynamically set according to the temperature signal by the threshold / count value setting unit 32C. If the urea concentration is less than the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, the process proceeds to step 3 (Yes), and a heterogeneous discrimination signal is output. On the other hand, if the urea concentration is equal to or higher than the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, the process proceeds to step 4 (No), and a normal discrimination signal is output.

  According to such a liquid type determination process, the urea concentration of the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24 is read every predetermined time after the engine is started. If the urea concentration is less than the different type determination threshold, it is determined that the liquid is a different type aqueous solution, and a different type determination signal representing the determination result is output. On the other hand, if the urea concentration is equal to or higher than the heterogeneous determination threshold, it is determined that the liquid is an aqueous urea solution, and a normal determination signal indicating the determination result is output.

In FIG. 5 showing the heterogeneity discrimination validity determination processing by the heterogeneity discrimination validity determination unit 32B, in step 11, it is determined whether or not a heterogeneity discrimination signal is output. If the heterogeneous discrimination signal is output, the process proceeds to step 12 (Yes), while if the heterogeneous discrimination signal is not output, the present process is terminated (No).
In step 12, based on the temperature signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the liquid temperature immediately before the operation of the ceramic heater 30C, that is, the temperature of the ceramic heater 30C is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. Here, the predetermined temperature is for determining whether at least a part of the liquid is frozen and the concentration measurement accuracy is lowered, and is set to a temperature slightly higher than the freezing point of the urea aqueous solution. If the liquid temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the process proceeds to step 13 (Yes), while if the liquid temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the present process is terminated (No).

  In step 13, based on the temperature signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the temperature change rate associated with the operation of the ceramic heater 30 </ b> C, that is, the temperature change per unit time is equal to or less than a predetermined change rate. Here, the predetermined change rate is used to determine whether or not strong convection is generated through a temperature change, and is set to a change rate that cannot be taken in a relatively weak convection state. Then, if the temperature change rate is equal to or less than the predetermined change rate, the process proceeds to step 14 (Yes), while if the temperature change rate is larger than the predetermined change rate, the present process is terminated (No).

  In step 14, based on the concentration signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the urea concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined concentration. Here, the predetermined concentration is for determining whether or not strong convection is generated in the liquid through the fact that the urea concentration measured by the sensor 30 is significantly low, and some convection is generated. Even if it is a low density that cannot be measured, it is set to a density that is smaller than the heterogeneous discrimination threshold. If the urea concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration, the process proceeds to step 15 (Yes), while if the urea concentration is lower than the predetermined concentration, the present process is terminated (No).

  In step 15, based on the concentration signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the deviation (hereinafter referred to as “concentration deviation”) between the urea concentration measured last time and the urea concentration measured this time is equal to or less than a predetermined deviation. . Here, the predetermined deviation is for determining whether strong convection is generated in the liquid through the fact that the urea concentration has changed significantly, and is a range that does not change even if some convection occurs. Set to the deviation. If the density deviation is equal to or smaller than the predetermined deviation, the process proceeds to step 16 (Yes), and a count signal is output. On the other hand, if the density deviation is larger than the predetermined deviation, this process is terminated (No).

  According to the heterogeneity discrimination validity determination process, when the heterogeneity discrimination signal is output, the liquid temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the liquid temperature change rate is equal to or lower than the predetermined change rate, the urea concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration, and the concentration deviation is detected. Is less than or equal to a predetermined deviation, it is determined that the heterogeneous discrimination is appropriate. For this reason, in a state where the temperature of the liquid is low and at least a part thereof is frozen, or in a state where a strong convection occurs in the liquid and the heat dissipation characteristics are changed, it is determined that the heterogeneous discrimination is appropriate. The number of different types of discrimination can be counted with high reliability.

In FIG. 6 showing the threshold / count value setting process by the threshold / count value setting unit 32C, in step 21, a temperature signal is read from the sensor 30 as the liquid temperature of the aqueous urea solution stored in the reducing agent tank 24.
In step 22, it is determined whether or not the liquid temperature is higher than a high temperature threshold. Here, the high temperature threshold value is used to determine whether or not the temperature is higher than the temperature range (hereinafter referred to as “calibration temperature range”) at which the sensor 30 is calibrated. Set to the upper limit of the range. If the liquid temperature is higher than the high temperature threshold, the process proceeds to step 23 (Yes), while if the liquid temperature is equal to or lower than the high temperature threshold, the process proceeds to step 27 (No).

In step 23, since the liquid temperature is in a high temperature range higher than the calibration temperature range, if the normal urea aqueous solution is in the calibration temperature range as the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, it can be measured even if some convection occurs. A value C ₂ smaller than the lower density lower limit C ₁ is set.
In step 24, 30 is set as the final threshold.
In step 25, 200 is set as the backup threshold.

In step 26, 1 is set as the count value.
In step 27, it is determined whether or not the liquid temperature is lower than the low temperature threshold. Here, the low temperature threshold value is used to determine whether or not the temperature is lower than the calibration temperature range, and is specifically set to the lower limit value of the calibration temperature range. If the liquid temperature is lower than the low temperature threshold, the process proceeds to step 28 (Yes), while if the liquid temperature is higher than the low temperature threshold, the process proceeds to step 32 (No).

In step 28, the liquid temperature is lower lower temperature range than the calibration temperature range, setting the value C ₂ as a heterologous determination threshold value.
In step 29, 30 is set as the final threshold.
In step 30, 200 is set as the backup threshold.
In step 31, 1 is set as the count value.

In step 32, the liquid temperature is in the calibration temperature range, setting the value C ₁ as a heterologous determination threshold value.
In step 33, 20 is set as the final threshold.
In step 34, 100 is set as the backup threshold.
In step 35, 2 is set as the count value.

  According to the threshold value / count value setting process, the different type determination threshold value, the final threshold value, the backup threshold value, and the count value are dynamically set according to the liquid temperature measured by the sensor 30. That is, in the calibration temperature range, setting the heterogeneous discrimination threshold to a large value improves the heterogeneous discrimination accuracy, while setting the deterministic threshold and the backup threshold small, and setting the count value to a large value requires the heterogeneous discrimination determination. Time can be shortened. On the other hand, in the lower or higher temperature range than the calibration temperature range, by setting the heterogeneous discrimination threshold small, ensuring the heterogeneous discrimination accuracy, setting the final threshold and the backup threshold large, and setting the count value small It is possible to improve the accuracy of determining different types of discrimination. Note that the specific numerical values of the determination threshold value, the backup threshold value, and the count value shown in FIG. 6 are examples, and should be optimally set through a test or the like.

In FIG. 7 showing the differentiating discrimination number counting process by the differentiating discrimination number counting unit 32D, it is determined in step 41 whether or not a count signal is output. If the count signal is output, the process proceeds to step 42 (Yes), while if the count signal is not output, the process proceeds to step 47 (No).
In step 42, it is determined whether or not the engine speed is equal to or lower than a first predetermined value. Here, the first predetermined value is one of threshold values for determining whether or not the vehicle is stopped, and is set, for example, near the idling rotation speed of the engine 10. If the engine speed is equal to or lower than the first predetermined value, the process proceeds to step 43 (Yes), while if the engine speed is higher than the first predetermined value, the process proceeds to step 45 (No).

  In step 43, it is determined whether or not the vehicle speed is equal to or lower than a second predetermined value. Here, the second predetermined value is another one of the threshold values for determining whether or not the vehicle is stopped, and is set to the minimum value of the vehicle speed detectable range, for example. If the vehicle speed is less than or equal to the second predetermined value, the process proceeds to step 44 (Yes), while if the vehicle speed is greater than the second predetermined value, the process proceeds to step 45 (No).

In step 44, it is determined that the vehicle is stopped, and a value obtained by multiplying the count value set by the threshold / count value setting unit 32C by a natural number n of 2 or more is added to the number of different types of discrimination. Count the number of distinction.
In step 45, it is determined that the vehicle is traveling, and the number of different types of discrimination is counted by adding the count value to the number of different types of discrimination.

In step 46, 1 is added to the number of backups for counting the number of times that different types of discrimination have been made continuously.
In step 47, it is determined whether or not a normal determination signal is output. If the normal determination signal is output, the process proceeds to step 48 (Yes), and if the normal determination signal is not output, the present process is terminated (No).

In step 48, the number of different types of discrimination is reset.
In step 49, the number of backups is reset.
According to the heterogeneous discrimination count processing, each time a count signal is output, the heterogeneous discrimination count is counted based on the count value set by the threshold / count value setting unit 32C. At this time, since the number of different types of discrimination is counted by a count value corresponding to the liquid temperature of the reducing agent tank 24, the count can be performed in consideration of whether or not it is in the calibration temperature range. Further, when the vehicle is stopped, the number of different types of discrimination is counted based on a value obtained by multiplying the count value by a natural number n of 2 or more. For this reason, in a state where the convection generated in the liquid of the reducing agent tank 24 is weak or no convection occurs, so-called weighting is performed on the count value, so that the different type determination is ensured while ensuring the different type determination accuracy. It can be confirmed in a short time. Further, every time a count signal is output, 1 is added to the number of backups regardless of the validity of the heterogeneous discrimination. On the other hand, when the normal determination signal is output, since the liquid is highly likely to be an aqueous urea solution, the number of different types of discrimination and the number of backups are reset to start counting the number of different types of discrimination from the beginning.

In FIG. 8 showing the heterogeneous discrimination determination process by the heterogeneous discrimination determination unit 32E, in step 51, it is determined whether or not the number of different types of determination is equal to or greater than a determination threshold. If the number of different types of discrimination is equal to or greater than the determination threshold, the process proceeds to step 53 (Yes), while if the number of different types of determination is less than the determination threshold, the process proceeds to step 52 (No).
In step 52, it is determined whether the number of backups is equal to or greater than a backup threshold. If the number of backups is greater than or equal to the backup threshold, the process proceeds to step 53 (Yes), while if the number of backups is less than the backup threshold, the present process is terminated (No).

In step 53, a heterogeneous discrimination determination signal is output.
According to the liquid discrimination determination process, when the number of different types of determination is equal to or greater than the determination threshold or the number of backups is equal to or greater than the backup threshold, the different type determination is determined and a different type determination determination signal indicating that the different type determination is determined is output. The
That is, if convection is generated in the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24, the heat generated by the ceramic heater 30C of the sensor 30 is carried by the convection, so that the temperature rise characteristic related to the heat dissipation characteristic is obtained. It will change and the density measurement accuracy will decrease. However, when the urea concentration measured by the sensor 30 is actually measured, as shown in FIG. 9, if the liquid is a regular urea aqueous solution, even if convection has occurred, the urea concentration is continuously determined many times to determine the heterogeneity discrimination threshold. We were able to find out the fact that it is extremely rare to fall below.

  Therefore, when the urea concentration falls below the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, the liquid is judged to have a high probability of being a heterogeneous aqueous solution, and the number of different types of discrimination is counted. By determining, different types of discrimination can be performed with high accuracy regardless of the vehicle state. At this time, the validity of the heterogeneous discrimination is determined, and the number of times of heterogeneous discrimination is counted only when the discrimination is valid, thereby prohibiting counting in a state where strong convection is generated in the liquid, and the heterogeneous discrimination accuracy is improved. Can be improved. In addition, since the count value and determination threshold value of the number of different types of discrimination are dynamically set according to the temperature of the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24, the calibration of the sensor 30 can be performed by appropriately setting these values. Even if it is not performed in all temperature ranges, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the heterogeneity discrimination accuracy.

  By the way, when it is determined that the different-type discrimination is not appropriate, there is a possibility that the counting in the state where the liquid discrimination is difficult is performed in the previous different-type discrimination count processing. For this reason, the heterogeneous discrimination accuracy can be further improved by further executing the following count subtraction process. Note that the count subtraction process is the same as the heterogeneous discrimination validity determination process and the validity determination process shown in FIG.

In FIG. 10 showing the count subtraction process as the third counting means, in step 61, it is determined whether or not a heterogeneous discrimination signal is output. If the heterogeneous discrimination signal is output, the process proceeds to step 62 (Yes), but if the heterogeneous discrimination signal is not output, the present process is terminated (No).
In step 62, 0 is set as the count value.

In step 63, based on the temperature signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the liquid temperature immediately before the operation of the ceramic heater 30C is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature. If the liquid temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, the process proceeds to step 65 (Yes). On the other hand, if the liquid temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the process proceeds to step 64 (No), and the predetermined value m ₁ is subtracted from the count value.
In step 65, based on the temperature signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the temperature change rate accompanying the operation of the ceramic heater 30C is equal to or less than a predetermined change rate. If the temperature change rate is equal to or lower than the predetermined change rate, the process proceeds to step 67 (Yes). On the other hand, if the temperature change rate is larger than the predetermined change rate, the process proceeds to step 66 (No), and the predetermined value m ₂ is subtracted from the count value.

In step 67, based on the concentration signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the urea concentration is equal to or higher than a predetermined concentration. If the urinary concentration is equal to or higher than the predetermined concentration, the routine proceeds to step 69 (Yes). On the other hand, if the urea concentration is less than the predetermined concentration, the routine proceeds to step 68 (No), and the predetermined value m ₃ is subtracted from the count value.
In step 69, based on the density signal from the sensor 30, it is determined whether or not the density deviation is equal to or less than a predetermined deviation. If the density deviation is equal to or smaller than the predetermined deviation, the process proceeds to step 71 (Yes). On the other hand, if the concentration deviation is larger than the predetermined deviation, the process proceeds to step 70 (No), and the predetermined value m ₄ is subtracted from the count value.

In step 71, it is determined whether or not the count value is not 0, that is, whether or not the heterogeneous discrimination is invalid. If the count value is not 0, the process proceeds to step 72 (Yes), while if the count value is 0, the process is terminated (No).
In step 72, a count signal is output.
According to such count subtraction processing, when it is determined that the different type discrimination is not valid, a count signal for subtracting a predetermined number from the number of different types of discrimination is output, so that counting in a state where liquid discrimination is difficult is canceled. Thus, the accuracy of determining different types can be improved.

  In the different type determination determination process shown in FIG. 8, when a different type determination determination signal is output, an alarm device or the like serving as a notification unit may be activated to notify the vehicle driver to that effect. In this way, the vehicle driver can quickly grasp that the reducing agent tank 24 contains a liquid that is not a urea aqueous solution. For example, by taking appropriate measures such as replacement, the vehicle driver can function as an exhaust purification device. Can be demonstrated.

  Also, when the engine 10 is stopped, the number of different types of discrimination is written to a nonvolatile memory such as an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), while the number of different types of discrimination is read from the non-volatile memory when the engine 10 is started. It may be. In this way, since the number of different types of discrimination before the engine 10 is started is taken over, it is not necessary to perform counting from the beginning each time the engine 10 is started, and the different types of discrimination can be determined in a short time. Here, the process of writing and reading the number of different types of discrimination in the nonvolatile memory corresponds to the number writing means and the number reading means, respectively.

Therefore, even if a sensor that indirectly measures the urea concentration from the temperature rise characteristic of the heating element is mounted on the moving vehicle, it can be determined with high accuracy whether or not the liquid is a different aqueous solution.
In this embodiment, in order to measure the concentration and temperature of the liquid stored in the reducing agent tank 24, the sensor 30 in which the concentration measuring function and the temperature measuring function are integrated is used. In addition, the urea concentration and the liquid temperature may be measured using a thermometer or the like. In the present embodiment, at least one of a different type determination threshold value, a determination threshold value, and a backup threshold value may be set according to the liquid temperature.

  Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to using an aqueous urea solution as a liquid reducing agent precursor, but ammonia, light oil mainly composed of hydrocarbon, gasoline, kerosene, etc., depending on the NOx purification reaction in the NOx reduction catalyst. It is also applicable to what is used.

1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an example of an exhaust emission control device according to the present invention. The sensor which measures the density | concentration and temperature of urea aqueous solution is shown, (A) is the structure explanatory drawing, (B) is a density | concentration measuring principle explanatory drawing. Block diagram of various functions for liquid discrimination Flow chart showing the liquid type determination process Flow chart showing heterogeneity discrimination validity judgment processing Flow chart showing threshold value / count value setting processing Flowchart showing heterogeneous discrimination number counting process Flow chart showing heterogeneous discrimination determination process Characteristic diagram showing measured values of urea concentration during vehicle travel Flow chart showing count subtraction processing

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Engine 20 NOx reduction catalyst 24 Reductant tank 30 Sensor 30C Ceramic heater 32 Control unit 32A Liquid type discrimination | determination part 32B Different kind discrimination | determination validity judgment part 32C Threshold value / count value setting part 32D Different kind discrimination number counting part 32E Different kind discrimination determination part 34 Engine control unit

Claims (14)

A reducing agent tank for storing a liquid reducing agent or a precursor thereof;
A reduction catalyst for reducing and purifying nitrogen oxides in exhaust using the liquid reducing agent in the reducing agent tank or a precursor thereof; and
Temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor in the reducing agent tank;
A concentration measuring means for operating the heating element disposed in the reducing agent tank for a predetermined time and measuring the concentration of the liquid reducing agent or its precursor from the temperature rise characteristic of the heating element;
When the concentration measured by the concentration measuring unit is less than a different type determination threshold, the different type discriminating unit discriminates that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is a different aqueous solution that does not function as a reducing agent;
When the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is determined to be a different aqueous solution by the different type determination unit, based on the temperature and the rate of temperature change of the heating element, and the concentration measured by the concentration measurement unit, A validity judgment means for judging whether or not the heterogeneous discrimination is valid;
A first counting unit that counts the number of different types of discrimination based on a predetermined count value when the validity determination unit determines that the different type of discrimination is valid;
First heterogeneous discrimination determining means for determining the heterogeneous discrimination when the number of different types of discrimination counted by the first counting means is equal to or greater than a first predetermined number;
First setting means for dynamically setting at least one of the heterogeneous discrimination threshold, a predetermined count value, and a first predetermined number of times based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring means;
An exhaust emission control device for an engine characterized by comprising:   2. The engine according to claim 1, wherein the first setting unit sets a different type discrimination threshold value in a temperature range deviating from the calibration temperature range smaller than a calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement unit. Exhaust purification equipment.   The first setting means sets a predetermined count value in a temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range to be smaller than a calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. The engine exhaust gas purification apparatus according to 2.   The first setting means sets the first predetermined number of times in a temperature range that deviates from the calibration temperature range to be larger than a calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to any one of claims 3 to 4.   5. The reset device according to claim 1, further comprising a reset unit that resets the number of different types of discrimination when the type of the different type discriminating unit discriminates that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is not a different type aqueous solution. The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to one.   The validity determination means is configured such that the temperature immediately before the operation of the heating element is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, the rate of change in temperature associated with the operation of the heating element is equal to or lower than a predetermined change rate, Further, when the deviation between the concentration measured last time and the concentration measured this time is equal to or less than a predetermined deviation, it is determined that the distinction is appropriate. An exhaust emission control device for an engine according to 1. A second counting unit that counts the number of times that the liquid reducing agent or its precursor is continuously determined to be a different aqueous solution by the different type discrimination unit;
Second heterogeneous discrimination determining means for determining the heterogeneous discrimination when the number counted by the second counting means is equal to or greater than a second predetermined number greater than the first predetermined number;
The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:   8. The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to claim 7, further comprising second setting means for dynamically setting the second predetermined number of times based on the temperature measured by the temperature measuring means.   9. The second setting means sets the second predetermined number of times in a temperature range deviating from the calibration temperature range larger than the calibration temperature range of the concentration measurement means. Engine exhaust purification system. Vehicle state determination means for determining whether the vehicle is running or stopped,
The first counting means counts the number of different types of discrimination based on a value obtained by multiplying the predetermined count value by a natural number of 2 or more when the vehicle state determination means determines that the vehicle is stopped. The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: A rotational speed detecting means for detecting the rotational speed of the engine;
Vehicle speed detection means for detecting the vehicle speed;
With
The vehicle state determination means is configured such that when the rotational speed detected by the rotational speed detection means is not more than a first predetermined value and the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detection means is not more than a second predetermined value, 11. The engine exhaust gas purification apparatus according to claim 10, wherein it is determined that the vehicle is stopped while the vehicle is determined to be traveling at other times.   12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising third counting means for subtracting a predetermined number of times from the number of different kinds of discrimination when the validity judgment means determines that different kinds of discrimination are not valid. An exhaust emission control device for an engine according to claim 1. Number of times writing means for writing the number of different types of discrimination into a nonvolatile memory when the engine is stopped;
Number-of-times reading means for reading out the number of different types of discrimination from the non-volatile memory at the time of engine start,
The exhaust emission control device for an engine according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising:   The engine exhaust gas purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising an informing means for informing the fact when the heterogeneous discrimination is confirmed.

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