JP4823501B2 - Heat pump type heating device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heating apparatus using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats a fluid by moving heat on a low temperature side to a high temperature side, and particularly relates to a defrosting operation of a low pressure side heat exchanger, It is effective when applied to a device that uses the heat generated by a heat pump heating device such as a hot water supply device or a heating device.

  5 and 6 are schematic views of a heat pump type heating apparatus 100 according to the prior art, and are used as a heat source device of a general apparatus that mainly uses warm heat such as a hot water supply apparatus and a heating apparatus. In the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 of FIG. 5, when removing the frost generated in the low-pressure side heat exchanger (refrigerant evaporator) 40, which is at a low temperature, that is, during the defrosting operation, the expansion valve 30 is substantially fully opened. The high-pressure refrigerant (hot gas) flowing out from 10 through the high-pressure side heat exchanger 20 is guided to the low-pressure side heat exchanger 40 without reducing the pressure, and the low-pressure side heat exchanger 40 is heated and gradually frosted.

  When the defrosting operation is performed in the heat pump heating device 100 shown in FIG. 6, the hot gas bypass passage 60 is opened by the on-off valve 61 with the expansion valve 30 closed, and the high-pressure side heat exchanger 20 is bypassed. Thus, the hot gas from the compressor 10 is guided to the low-pressure side heat exchanger 40, and the low-pressure side heat exchanger 40 is heated and gradually frosted.

In addition, as a conventional technique related to the defrosting operation, in the hot water storage type water heater disclosed in Patent Document 1, water heating for hot water supply (prevention of freezing) is performed before entering the defrosting operation in order to prevent the water pipe from freezing during the defrosting operation. ) It is shown that the operation shifts to the defrosting operation after raising the water temperature in the water pipe. Moreover, in the vapor compression refrigerator of patent document 2, what shortened the defrost operation time is shown by supplying hot gas to each of a low pressure side heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator.
JP 2003-139405 A JP 2004-163084 A

  However, when the heat pump type heating device of the prior art is used for the hot water storage type hot water supply device, the hot water supply water heating is not performed during the defrosting operation. (Prevention) The operation must be performed, and it takes a long time for defrosting, and there is a problem that it takes a long time to boil the hot water storage tank.

  Further, when the heat pump type heating device of the prior art is used for a heating device such as floor heating, since the brine heating is not performed during the defrosting operation, there is a problem that the heat source water is interrupted and the heating feeling is deteriorated. Moreover, when performing reheating after completion | finish of a defrost operation, there exists a problem that a time delay arises in heating start-up. The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a heat pump type heating apparatus capable of performing a defrosting operation and a fluid heating operation in parallel. .

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention employs the following technical means. That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heating device using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats the fluid by moving the heat on the low temperature side to the high temperature side, and the compressor (10) that sucks and compresses the refrigerant. And the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) for exchanging heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) and the heated fluid, and the refrigerant flowing out from the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) is decompressed in an enthalpy manner. The variable pressure reducing means (30) whose throttle opening is variably controlled so that the pressure of the high pressure refrigerant falls within a predetermined range, and the low pressure refrigerant decompressed by the variable pressure reducing means (30) are expanded. The refrigerant circuit (R1) in which the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) to be evaporated is connected in a ring shape, and the discharge side of the compressor (10) and the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) are branched from the variable circuit. Decompression means (30) and low pressure side heat exchanger (40); The hot gas bypass flow path (60) connected in between, the opening / closing means (61) for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass flow path (60), and the high pressure side heat exchanger (20) A circulating fluid circuit (R2), a hot water storage tank (70) or a heating appliance (90) connected to the fluid circuit (R2), and a fluid short circuit (72) bypassing the hot water storage tank (70) or the heating appliance (90) ), Flow path switching means (73) for switching the flow of the heated fluid from the hot water storage tank (70) or the heating appliance (90) side to the fluid short circuit (72) side, and the temperature of the heated fluid to be detected. A heating fluid temperature sensor (21), and a control means (200) for controlling the flow path switching means (73) according to the temperature of the heated fluid detected by the heated fluid temperature sensor (21),
The control means (200) adjusts the opening degree of the variable pressure reducing means (30) and the opening / closing means (61), and the rotational speed of the compressor is necessary for the defrosting operation and the fluid heating operation for heating the fluid to be heated. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) through the hot gas bypass channel (60) is supplied to the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) by controlling the rotation speed to generate a large amount of heat, and the low-pressure side heat is supplied. A defrosting operation for removing frost generated in the exchanger (40) and a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) are supplied to the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) and switched by the flow path switching means (73). It is to have the same time-line and a fluid heating operation for heating the heated fluid which fluid shorted path (72) flows, and, by adjusting the throttle opening of the variable pressure reducing means (30) changing at this time It is characterized by.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, for example, when the heat pump type heating device (100) of the present invention is used in a hot water storage type hot water supply device, water heating for hot water supply can be performed during the defrosting operation. There is no need to perform hot water supply water heating (freezing prevention) operation in the fluid circuit (R2) before operation, the time for defrosting is shortened, and the boiling time to the hot water storage tank (70) can be shortened. . As a result, it is possible to ensure the necessary amount of stored hot water at an early stage and reduce running costs.

  Moreover, when the heat pump type heating device (100) of the present invention is used for a heating device such as floor heating, brine heating can be performed during the defrosting operation, so that the heat source water is interrupted and the heating feeling is deteriorated. Can be prevented. Moreover, since reheating after completion | finish of a defrost operation is lose | eliminated, the problem of producing time delay in heating start-up can also be eliminated.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, in the heat pump type heating device according to claim 1, as a variable pressure reducing means, a nozzle for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing out from the high pressure side heat exchanger (20) in an isentropic manner. (80a) and a variable throttle mechanism (80d) that varies the throttle opening of the nozzle (80a), and the low-pressure heat exchanger (40) uses a high-speed refrigerant flow injected from the nozzle (80a). A variable ejector (80) that sucks vaporized refrigerant and converts the expansion energy into pressure energy to increase the suction pressure of the compressor (10), and uses the discharge side and the high pressure side of the compressor (10). branched from between the heat exchanger (20), that it is a gas-liquid separating means (50) hot gas bypass passage connected between the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) and (60) It is a feature.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the defrosting operation and the fluid heating are performed by using the ejector cycle in which the low pressure side of the refrigeration cycle is pressurized and the ejector (80) for improving the heating capacity is used as the decompression means. It is advantageous for securing the necessary heating capacity when performing the operation at the same time.

Further, in the invention according to claim 3, Oite the heat pump heating equipment according to claim 1 or 2, the fluid heating performed simultaneously with defrosting, the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) and the hot water storage tank (70 ) Or the freezing of the fluid circuit (R2) connected to the heating appliance (90).

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, for example, when the heat pump type heating device (100) of the present invention is used in a hot water storage type hot water supply device, hot water supply water heating can be performed during the defrosting operation. This can be used to prevent freezing of the fluid circuit (R2) connecting the heat exchanger (20) and the hot water storage tank (70). In addition, when the heat pump heating device (100) of the present invention is used for a heating device such as floor heating, brine heating can be performed during the defrosting operation, so that the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) and the heating appliance ( 90) can be used to prevent freezing of the fluid circuit (R2).

Further, in the invention according to claim 4, Oite to the heat pump type heating equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the control means (200), the fluid circuit by fluid heating performing defrosting at the same time as ( When the anti-freezing of R2) is performed, the flow path switching means (73) is controlled so that the fluid flow is on the fluid short circuit (72) side.

  According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, low temperature water heated to prevent freezing of the fluid circuit (R2) during the defrosting operation flows into the hot water storage tank (70) to disturb the hot water storage temperature. Can be prevented. Moreover, it can prevent that the low temperature brine heated in order to prevent freezing of a fluid circuit (R2) flows in into a heating appliance (90), and worsens a heating feeling.

Further, in the invention according to claim 5, Oite to the heat pump type heating equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the fluid heating performed simultaneously with defrosting, the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) fluid Heating is performed using the heating appliance (90) connected by the circuit (R2). According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the heat source water is not interrupted, and heating with good feeling can be performed.

Further, in the invention according to claim 6, Oite to the heat pump type heating equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the control means (200), when performing defrosting fluid heated at the same time, compression The number of revolutions of the machine (10) is controlled to a number of revolutions that generates a necessary amount of heat by defrosting and fluid heating. According to the sixth aspect of the invention, it is possible to save energy.

Further, in the invention according to claim 7, in case of moving Oite to the heat pump type heating equipment of any crab of claims 1 to 6, the low-temperature side of the heat to the hot side, the compressor (10) The discharge pressure of the refrigerant is not less than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, heat can be exchanged with the high-temperature refrigerant on the high-pressure side of the refrigeration cycle, and the temperature of the heated fluid can be increased. Can do. The invention according to claim 8 further includes an inlet side temperature sensor (21) for detecting the temperature of the fluid to be heated flowing into the high pressure side heat exchanger (20), and the control means (200) is provided on the inlet side. The flow path switching means (73) is controlled in accordance with the temperature of the heated fluid detected by the temperature sensor (21). Incidentally, the reference numerals in parentheses of the above means are examples showing the correspondence with the specific means described in the embodiments described later.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1A is a schematic view of the heat pump heating device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is an external view showing a connection state between the heat pump heating device 100 of FIG. It is a schematic diagram. In this embodiment, the heat pump type heating device according to the present invention is applied to a hot water storage type hot water supply device.

  The hot water storage type hot water supply apparatus of the present embodiment is a heat pump type heating apparatus 100 that uses a vapor compression heat pump cycle, boiling hot water for hot water mainly at night and storing the high temperature water in a hot water storage tank 70. In addition, hot water is supplied using hot water in the hot water storage tank 70 when necessary.

  The inside of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 is roughly composed of a refrigerant circuit R1 of a heat pump cycle and a water circuit R2 as a fluid circuit related to hot water supply. First, in the refrigerant circuit R1, the compressor 10 sucks and compresses the refrigerant, and in this embodiment, an electric compressor in which an electric motor and a compression mechanism are integrated is adopted. The water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 is a high-pressure side heat exchanger that heats hot-water supply water by exchanging heat between hot-water supply water that is a fluid to be heated and high-temperature / high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10.

In this embodiment, since the desired pressure is obtained by setting the discharge pressure of the compressor 10 to be equal to or higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant, the refrigerant in the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 reduces the temperature without causing phase change and condensation. While reducing enthalpy. Incidentally, in the present embodiment, carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) is adopted as the refrigerant.

  The variable expansion valve 30 is a variable pressure reducing means that can decompress and expand the refrigerant flowing out of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 in an enthalpy manner and can vary the throttle opening. In this embodiment, a control device described later is provided. (Control means) The throttle opening degree of the variable expansion valve 30 is variably controlled by the control means 200 so that the pressure of the high-pressure side refrigerant falls within a predetermined range.

  The refrigerant evaporator 40 is a low-temperature side heat exchanger that evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the variable expansion valve 30, and the accumulator 50 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and converts the refrigerant that flows into the gas-phase refrigerant. And gas-liquid separation means for separating the gas-phase refrigerant into the compressor 10. Note that an oil return circuit (not shown) for returning the refrigeration oil separated by the density difference to the suction side of the compressor 10 is provided. Incidentally, the refrigeration oil is a lubricating oil for lubricating the sliding portion in the compressor 10, and in the heat pump heating device, the refrigeration oil is usually supplied to the compressor 10 by mixing the refrigerant oil in the refrigerant. .

  These devices are connected in a ring to form a refrigerant circuit R1 of the refrigeration cycle. The hot gas bypass passage 60 is a refrigerant passage that branches from between the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and is connected between the variable expansion valve 30 and the refrigerant evaporator 40. The hot gas bypass passage 60 is provided with an electromagnetic opening / closing valve 61 as an opening / closing means for controlling the amount of refrigerant flowing into the hot gas bypass passage 60. The electromagnetic opening / closing valve 61 is controlled by the control device 200. Has been.

  The hot water supply-related water circuit R2 includes a hot water supply water passage of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 that is a heating means for hot water supply water, a circulation pump 71 that circulates the hot water supply water, and a hot water storage tank 70 that stores hot water and high temperature water. Are connected in a ring shape. The circulation pump 71 has a hot water inflow portion (not shown) provided in the upper portion of the hot water storage tank 70 through a hot water supply passage of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 from a low temperature water outflow portion (not shown) provided in the lower portion of the hot water storage tank 70. A water stream is generated so as to recirculate from the water.

  The circulation pump 71 can adjust the amount of flowing water according to the number of rotations of a built-in motor, and is energized and controlled by the control device 200. The hot water storage tank is made of metal (for example, made of stainless steel) having excellent corrosion resistance and has a heat insulating structure, and can keep hot hot water for a long time.

  Moreover, as a structure which concerns on this invention, the water short circuit (fluid short circuit) 72 which bypasses the hot water storage tank 70 and short-circuits the reciprocating water circuit R2 on the near side of the hot water storage tank 70 in the water circuit R2, and the flow of water A three-way valve 73 is provided as a flow path switching means for switching between the hot water storage tank 70 side and the water short circuit path 72 side.

  The control device 200 is a control means for controlling each refrigeration equipment of the heat pump cycle described above, and is configured to include functions such as a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an I / O port, etc., and a microcomputer having a known structure per se. Built in. In addition, as a sensor group of the hot water storage type hot water supply apparatus, an inlet water temperature sensor 21 and an outlet water temperature sensor 22 that detect an inlet / outlet water temperature of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20, an outside air temperature sensor 41 that detects an outside air temperature, and an outlet of the refrigerant evaporator 40. An outlet refrigerant temperature sensor 42 for detecting the refrigerant temperature is provided.

  The sensor signals from these sensor groups are configured to be input to the control device 200 after being A / D converted by an input circuit (A / D conversion circuit) (not shown), and compressed from the control device 200. It is configured to output a control output to the machine 10, the variable expansion valve 30, the electromagnetic on-off valve 61, the circulation pump 71, the three-way valve 73, and the like.

  Next, an outline of the operation of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart of overall control in the control device 200 of the heat pump type heating device 100 of the present invention. When this program starts, first, heating operation of hot water is started in step S10. In the next step S20, it is determined whether or not a defrosting operation is necessary.

  As a specific determination condition, the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 41 is 10 ° C. or less, and the temperature difference between the outside air temperature and the inlet refrigerant temperature of the refrigerant evaporator 40 detected by the inlet refrigerant temperature sensor 42. When the temperature is 10 ° C. or higher, defrosting operation is necessary because frost may form. If the determination result is YES and the defrosting operation is necessary, the process proceeds to step S30.

  In step S30, the water circuit R2 is short-circuited by the three-way valve 73, the circulation pump 71 is driven, and hot water heated by the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 is circulated to the water circuit R2, thereby preventing the water circuit R2 from being frozen. Start. In the next step S40, the electromagnetic on-off valve 61 is opened, hot gas is supplied from the hot gas bypass passage 60 to the refrigerant evaporator 40, and defrosting is started.

  In the next step S50, it is determined whether or not the freeze prevention operation may be terminated. As a specific determination condition, the freeze prevention operation may be terminated if the water temperature detected by the inlet / outlet water temperature sensors 21 and 22 during the freeze prevention operation becomes 10 ° C. or higher. If the determination result is YES and the freeze prevention operation may be terminated, the process proceeds to step S60, and after completion of the freeze prevention operation, the process proceeds to step S70. On the other hand, if the determination result in step S50 is NO and the freeze prevention operation cannot be terminated, the process proceeds directly to step S70.

  In step S70, it is determined whether or not the defrosting operation may be terminated. As a specific determination condition, the defrosting operation may be terminated if the refrigerant temperature detected by the outlet refrigerant temperature sensor 42 is 10 ° C. or higher. If the determination result is NO and the defrosting operation cannot be completed, the process returns to step S40 to continue the defrosting operation, and the determinations of step S50 and step S70 are repeated.

  Moreover, when the determination result in step S70 is YES and the defrosting operation may be terminated, the process proceeds to step S80, the defrosting operation end process is performed, and then the process returns to step S10. Moreover, when the determination result in step S20 is NO and the defrosting operation is unnecessary, the process proceeds to step S90. In step S90, it is determined whether or not the heating operation can be terminated. As a specific determination condition, when the water temperature detected by a water temperature sensor (not shown) of the hot water storage tank 70 satisfies the boiling end condition, the heating operation may be ended.

  If the determination result is NO and the heating operation cannot be completed, the process returns to step S10 to continue the heating operation, and the determinations of step S20 and step S90 are repeated. If the determination result in step S90 is YES and the heating operation may be terminated, the process proceeds to step S100 to perform the heating operation termination process, terminates the program, and waits for activation. .

Next, features and effects of the present embodiment will be described. First, it is a heating device using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats a fluid by moving low-temperature heat to a high-temperature side, and includes a compressor 10 that sucks and compresses refrigerant, and a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant that the compressor 10 discharges. A water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 for exchanging heat with water for hot water supply, a variable expansion valve 30 for expanding the pressure of the refrigerant flowing out of the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 in an enthalpy manner and varying the throttle opening, The refrigerant circuit R1 is connected to the refrigerant evaporator 40 that evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant depressurized by the variable expansion valve 30, and is branched from the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20. The hot gas bypass passage 60 connected between the variable expansion valve 30 and the refrigerant evaporator 40, the electromagnetic on-off valve 61 for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass passage 60, and the operation of each of the above devices are controlled. Control device Has a 00 and,
The control device 200 adjusts the opening degrees of the variable expansion valve 30 and the electromagnetic on-off valve 61 and supplies the refrigerant evaporator 40 with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 via the hot gas bypass passage 60. The defrosting operation for removing the frost generated in the refrigerant evaporator 40 and the fluid heating operation for heating the fluid by supplying the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 are performed simultaneously. It has become.

  According to this, when the heat pump type heating device 100 is used for a hot water storage type hot water supply device as in the present embodiment, for example, water heating for hot water supply can be performed during the defrosting operation, so the water circuit R2 before the defrosting operation. It is no longer necessary to perform the hot water supply water heating (freezing prevention) operation, the time for defrosting is shortened, and the boiling time to the hot water storage tank 70 can be shortened. As a result, it is possible to ensure the necessary amount of stored hot water at an early stage and reduce running costs.

  Moreover, the water circuit R2 that connects the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and the hot water storage tank 70 is prevented from freezing by water heating for hot water supply that is performed simultaneously with defrosting. According to this, when the heat pump type heating device 100 is used for a hot water storage type hot water supply device as in the present embodiment, for example, water heating for hot water supply can be performed during the defrosting operation. This can be used to prevent freezing of the water circuit R2 connected to the tank 70.

  Further, in the water circuit R2, a water short circuit 72 that bypasses the hot water tank 70 and short-circuits the water circuit R2 near the hot water tank 70, and a fluid flow between the hot water tank 70 side and the water short circuit path 72 side. In addition to providing the three-way valve 73 for switching, the control device 200 controls the three-way valve 73 so that the water flow is on the water short-circuit path 72 side when the water circuit R2 is prevented from freezing by water heating for hot water supply performed simultaneously with defrosting. . According to this, it is possible to prevent the low temperature water heated to prevent freezing of the water circuit R2 during the defrosting operation from flowing into the hot water storage tank 70 and disturbing the hot water storage temperature.

  Moreover, when performing defrost and hot water supply water heating simultaneously, the control apparatus 200 is controlling the rotation speed of the compressor 10 to the rotation speed which generate | occur | produces a calorie | heat amount required by defrost and hot water supply water heating. According to this, energy saving can be achieved. Moreover, when moving the heat | fever of a low temperature side to a high temperature side, the discharge pressure of the compressor 10 is made more than the critical pressure of a refrigerant | coolant. According to this, heat can be exchanged with the high-temperature refrigerant on the high-pressure side of the refrigeration cycle, and the temperature of the hot water supply water can be increased, so that the reliability of the freeze prevention operation can be improved.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump heating device 100 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. A feature different from the first embodiment described above is that a variable ejector cycle using a variable ejector 80 as a variable pressure reducing means is configured. This variable ejector cycle has a nozzle 80a that decompresses and expands the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 in an isentropic manner, and a variable throttle mechanism 80d that changes the throttle opening of the nozzle 80a. A variable-type ejector 80 is used that sucks the gas-phase refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant evaporator 40 by the high-speed refrigerant flow injected from the refrigerant and converts the expansion energy into pressure energy to increase the suction pressure of the compressor 10. It is a heat pump type heating device.

  In the present embodiment, the throttle opening degree of the nozzle 80a is variably controlled by the variable throttle mechanism 80d so that the pressure of the high-pressure side refrigerant falls within a predetermined range. Further, the driving flow ejected from the nozzle 80a and the suction flow sucked from the refrigerant evaporator 40 are mixed and pressurized in the mixing unit 80b so that the mutual momentum is preserved, and then the refrigerant passage sectional area is gradually increased. The dynamic pressure is converted into a static pressure by the diffuser 80c that expands to a static pressure and further increased.

  In the ejector cycle, due to the pump action of the ejector 80 (see JIS Z 8126 number 2.1.2.3), the accumulator 50 → the refrigerant evaporator 40 → the ejector 80 (mixing unit 80b → diffuser 80c) → the accumulator 50 The refrigerant circulates in order, and the refrigerant circulates in the order of the compressor 10 → the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 → the ejector 80 → the accumulator 50 → the compressor 10 by the pump action of the compressor 10. For this reason, the accumulator 50 separates the refrigerant flowing out from the ejector 80 into a gas phase refrigerant and a liquid phase refrigerant, the gas phase refrigerant outlet is connected to the suction side of the compressor 10, and the liquid phase refrigerant outlet is the evaporator. 40.

  Further, as a main part of the present embodiment, a hot gas bypass flow path 60 branched from between the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and connected between the accumulator 50 and the refrigerant evaporator 40. In addition, an electromagnetic opening / closing valve 61 is provided as an opening / closing means for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass passage 60, and the electromagnetic opening / closing valve 61 is controlled by the control device 200. Next, features and effects of the present embodiment will be described.

A heating device using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats a fluid by moving low-temperature heat to a high-temperature side. The compressor 10 sucks and compresses refrigerant, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 and hot water supply. A water refrigerant heat exchanger 20 for exchanging heat with water, a refrigerant evaporator 40 for evaporating low-pressure refrigerant, a nozzle 80a for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing out of the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 in an isentropic manner, and a nozzle 80a A variable throttle mechanism 80d that varies the throttle opening, and sucks the gas-phase refrigerant evaporated in the refrigerant evaporator 40 by the high-speed refrigerant flow injected from the nozzle 80a, and converts the expansion energy into pressure energy. The variable ejector 80 for increasing the suction pressure of the compressor 10 and the refrigerant flowing out of the variable ejector 80 are separated into a gas phase refrigerant and a liquid phase refrigerant, and the gas phase refrigerant is pressurized. The accumulator 50 is supplied to the suction side of the machine 10 and supplies liquid phase refrigerant to the refrigerant evaporator 40. The accumulator 50 and the refrigerant evaporate by branching between the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the water refrigerant heat exchanger 20. A hot gas bypass passage 60 connected to the vessel 40, an electromagnetic on-off valve 61 for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass passage 60, and a control device 200 for controlling the operation of each device,
The control device 200 adjusts the opening degree of the variable throttle mechanism 80d and the electromagnetic opening / closing valve 61 to supply the refrigerant evaporator 40 with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 via the hot gas bypass passage 60. The defrosting for removing the frost generated in the refrigerant evaporator 40 and the hot water supply water heating for heating the hot water supply water by supplying the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to the water-refrigerant heat exchanger 20 are simultaneously performed. ing.

  According to this, when the heat pump type heating device 100 is used for a hot water storage type hot water supply device as in the present embodiment, for example, water heating for hot water supply can be performed during the defrosting operation, so the water circuit R2 before the defrosting operation. It is no longer necessary to perform the hot water supply water heating (freezing prevention) operation, the time for defrosting is shortened, and the boiling time to the hot water storage tank 70 can be shortened. As a result, it is possible to ensure the necessary amount of stored hot water at an early stage and reduce running costs. Further, by using an ejector cycle in which the low pressure side of the refrigeration cycle is pressurized and the ejector 80 that improves the heating capacity is used as a pressure reducing means, the defrosting operation and the hot water supply water heating operation are simultaneously performed. It is advantageous for securing.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heat pump heating device 100 according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment described above is that the high pressure side heat exchanger is a brine (heat exchange medium) refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and a floor heating panel 90 as a heating appliance is connected instead of the hot water storage tank 70 as a heating device. It is the point which constitutes.

  This heating device is mainly composed of a heat pump heating device 100 that heats brine and a brine circuit R2 to the floor heating panel 90. The floor heating panel 90 is a piping panel arranged under the floor board of a residential room. In this embodiment, water is used as the brine, but an antifreeze or the like may be used. And such floor heating supplies the brine at a temperature of about 60 ° C. that does not feel hot, and a temperature of about 40 ° C. that does not feel cold so that a comfortable heating feeling can be obtained even if the human body touches the floor material directly. The flow rate is energized and controlled by the control device 200 so as to return.

  In addition, as a configuration according to the present invention, a brine short circuit (fluid short circuit) 72 that bypasses the floor heating panel 90 and short-circuits the reciprocating brine circuit R2 near the floor heating panel 90 in the brine circuit R2, and a brine Is provided with a three-way valve 73 as flow path switching means for switching the flow between the floor heating panel 90 side and the brine short circuit path 72 side.

Next, features and effects of the present embodiment will be described. First, it is a heating device using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats a fluid by moving low-temperature heat to a high-temperature side, and includes a compressor 10 that sucks and compresses refrigerant, and a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant that the compressor 10 discharges. A brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 for exchanging heat with the brine, a variable expansion valve 30 that can expand and decompress the refrigerant flowing out of the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 in an enthalpy manner, and a variable expansion valve 30. A refrigerant circuit R1 in which a refrigerant evaporator 40 that evaporates the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the expansion valve 30 is connected in a ring shape, and a branch from the discharge side of the compressor 10 and the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20; A hot gas bypass passage 60 connected between the variable expansion valve 30 and the refrigerant evaporator 40, an electromagnetic on-off valve 61 for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass passage 60, and the operation of each of the above devices And a control unit 200 for controlling,
The control device 200 adjusts the opening degrees of the variable expansion valve 30 and the electromagnetic on-off valve 61 and supplies the refrigerant evaporator 40 with the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 via the hot gas bypass passage 60. The defrosting operation for removing frost generated in the refrigerant evaporator 40 and the brine heating operation for heating the brine by supplying the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 are simultaneously performed. .

  According to this, for example, when the heat pump type heating device 100 is used for a heating device such as floor heating as in the present embodiment, brine heating can be performed during the defrosting operation. It can prevent the ring from getting worse. Moreover, since reheating after completion | finish of a defrost operation is lose | eliminated, the problem of producing time delay in heating start-up can also be eliminated.

  Further, the brine circuit R2 connecting the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and the floor heating panel 90 is prevented from freezing by brine heating performed simultaneously with defrosting. According to this, when the heat pump heating device 100 of the present embodiment is used for a heating device such as floor heating, brine heating can be performed during the defrosting operation, so that the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and the floor heating can be performed. This can be used to prevent the brine circuit R2 connected to the panel 90 from freezing.

  Moreover, in the brine circuit R2, the brine short circuit 72 which bypasses the floor heating panel 90 and short-circuits the brine circuit R2 in the vicinity side of the floor heating panel 90, and the flow of the brine is the floor heating panel 90 side or the brine short circuit 72. In addition to providing the three-way valve 73 that switches to the side, the control device 200 sets the three-way valve 73 so that the brine flow is on the side of the brine short circuit 72 when the brine circuit R2 is prevented from freezing by brine heating performed simultaneously with defrosting. I try to control it.

  According to this, it is possible to prevent the low-temperature brine heated to prevent the brine circuit R2 from being frozen during the defrosting operation from flowing into the floor heating panel 90 and deteriorating the heating feeling. Moreover, heating is performed using the floor heating panel 90 connected to the brine refrigerant heat exchanger 20 and the brine circuit R2 by brine heating performed simultaneously with defrosting. According to this, the heat source water is not interrupted, and heating with good feeling can be performed.

(Other embodiments)
In the above-described embodiment, in the example in which the hot gas bypass passage 60 is opened and closed by the electromagnetic on-off valve 61, the hot gas bypass passage 60 and the discharge side of the compressor 10 are connected instead of the electromagnetic on-off valve 61. A three-way valve may be provided at the site. In the above-described embodiment, the refrigerant is carbon dioxide and the high-pressure side pressure is set to be equal to or higher than the critical pressure. However, the present invention is not limited to this. In the above-described embodiment, the determination of the start of the defrosting operation is not limited to the outlet refrigerant temperature of the refrigerant evaporator 40, and may be made by detecting the inlet refrigerant temperature of the refrigerant evaporator 40.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, when the outside air temperature is 10 ° C. or less and the difference between the outside air temperature and the refrigerant temperature flowing out of the evaporator 40 becomes a predetermined value or more, frost is generated in the evaporator 40. Although the defrosting operation was performed assuming that it occurred, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the defrosting operation may be performed periodically every predetermined time by a timer means. Further, in the third embodiment described above, the present invention has been described by taking floor heating as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and is used for bathroom drying or panel heaters that are used by heating brine. Also good.

(A) is the schematic diagram of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 in 1st Embodiment of this invention, (b) is an external appearance schematic diagram which shows the connection state of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 and hot water storage tank 70 of (a). is there. It is a flowchart of the whole control in the control apparatus 200 of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 which concerns on the prior art. It is a schematic diagram of the heat pump type heating apparatus 100 which concerns on the prior art.

Explanation of symbols

10 ... Compressor 20 ... Water refrigerant heat exchanger, brine refrigerant heat exchanger (high pressure side heat exchanger)
30 ... Variable expansion valve (variable pressure reducing means)
40 ... Refrigerant evaporator (low pressure side heat exchanger)
50. Accumulator (gas-liquid separation means)
60 ... Hot gas bypass flow passage 61 ... Electromagnetic on-off valve (open / close means)
70 ... Hot water storage tank 72 ... Water short circuit, brine short circuit (fluid short circuit)
73. Three-way valve (flow path switching means)
80 ... Variable type ejector 80a ... Nozzle 80d ... Variable throttle mechanism 90 ... Floor heating panel (heating equipment)
200: Control device (control means)
R1 ... refrigerant circuit R2 ... water circuit, brine circuit (fluid circuit)

Claims (8)

It is a heating device using a vapor compression heat pump cycle that heats the fluid by moving the heat on the low temperature side to the high temperature side,
A compressor (10) for sucking and compressing refrigerant;
A high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) for exchanging heat between the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) and the fluid to be heated;
A variable pressure reducing means that evacuates and expands the refrigerant that has flowed out of the high pressure side heat exchanger (20) in an enthalpy manner, and whose throttle opening is variably controlled so that the pressure of the high pressure side refrigerant falls within a predetermined range. 30),
A refrigerant circuit (R1) in which a low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) for evaporating the low-pressure refrigerant decompressed by the variable decompression means (30) is annularly connected;
Branched between the discharge side of the compressor (10) and the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20), and connected between the variable pressure reducing means (30) and the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) A hot gas bypass channel (60),
Open / close means (61) for controlling the flow of the hot gas bypass flow path (60);
A fluid circuit (R2) connected to the high pressure side heat exchanger (20) and circulating the heated fluid;
A hot water storage tank (70) or a heating appliance (90) connected to the fluid circuit (R2);
A fluid short circuit (72) bypassing the hot water storage tank (70) or the heating appliance (90);
Channel switching means (73) for switching the flow of the heated fluid to the hot water storage tank (70) or the heating appliance (90) side or the fluid short circuit (72) side;
A heated fluid temperature sensor (21) for detecting the temperature of the heated fluid;
Control means (200) for controlling the flow path switching means (73) according to the temperature of the heated fluid detected by the heated fluid temperature sensor (21),
The control means (200) adjusts the degree of opening of the variable pressure reducing means (30) and the opening / closing means (61), and controls the number of revolutions of the compressor to defrost and heat the fluid to be heated. The high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) through the hot gas bypass channel (60) is controlled to a rotational speed that generates a necessary amount of heat during the heating operation, and the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40 ) To remove frost generated in the low-pressure side heat exchanger (40) and supply high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant discharged from the compressor (10) to the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20). to have simultaneously a row and a fluid heating operation for heating the heated fluid flowing through the flow path wherein fluid shorting path is switched by the switching means (73) (72), and said variable vacuum in this case It is changed by adjusting the throttle opening of the means (30) The heat pump type heating apparatus according to claim and. As the variable pressure reducing means, a nozzle (80a) for decompressing and expanding the refrigerant flowing out from the high pressure side heat exchanger (20) in an isentropic manner, and a variable throttle mechanism for changing the throttle opening of the nozzle (80a) ( 80d), and sucks the vapor-phase refrigerant evaporated in the low-pressure heat exchanger (40) by the high-speed refrigerant flow injected from the nozzle (80a), and converts the expansion energy into pressure energy. Using a variable ejector (80) for increasing the suction pressure of the compressor (10),
Branched from between the discharge side of the compressor (10) and the high pressure side heat exchanger (20), and connected between the gas-liquid separation means (50) and the low pressure side heat exchanger (40). The heat pump heating device according to claim 1, wherein the hot gas bypass passage (60) is used.   The fluid circuit (R2) connecting the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) and the hot water storage tank (70) or the heating appliance (90) is prevented from freezing by fluid heating performed simultaneously with defrosting. The heat pump type heating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.   In the case where the fluid circuit (R2) is prevented from freezing by fluid heating performed simultaneously with defrosting, the control means (200) is configured to switch the flow path switching means (72) so that the fluid flow is on the fluid short circuit (72) side. 73). The heat pump type heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat pump type heating device is controlled.   Heating is performed using the heating appliance (90) connected to the high-pressure side heat exchanger (20) and the fluid circuit (R2) by fluid heating performed simultaneously with defrosting. The heat pump type heating apparatus according to any one of 4.   When the defrosting and fluid heating are performed simultaneously, the control means (200) controls the rotation speed of the compressor (10) to a rotation speed that generates a necessary amount of heat by defrosting and fluid heating. The heat pump type heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.   The heat pump heating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the heat on the low temperature side is moved to the high temperature side, the discharge pressure of the compressor (10) is equal to or higher than the critical pressure of the refrigerant. apparatus.   It has an inlet side temperature sensor (21) for detecting the temperature of the heated fluid flowing into the high pressure side heat exchanger (20), and the control means (200) is detected by the inlet side temperature sensor (21). The heat pump heating device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the flow path switching means (73) is controlled in accordance with a temperature of the heated fluid to be heated.

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