JP4815996B2 - Power converter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power conversion device that converts DC power into AC power.

In a conventional power converter, n series of three-level single-phase output inverter bridges capable of three-level outputs each having an isolated input are provided, and series n in which output terminals of the three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are connected in series. A single-phase output of stages is obtained, and the amplitude ratios of the amplitudes V1, V2, V3, and Vn of the output voltages of the n three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are expressed as V1: V2: V3:...: Vn = 1 : 2: 4:...: 2 ^{(n-1) The} voltage amplitude ratio distribution means and the voltage closest to the output voltage command given to the n-stage power converter have the output voltage amplitude of V2 to Vn. Command voltage generating means generated by a combination of output voltages of a three-level single-phase output inverter bridge (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-89242 (page 3, FIG. 1)

  In the conventional power converter, n three-level single-phase output inverter bridges capable of three-level output each having an isolated input are provided, and n-stage output terminals of the three-level single-phase output inverter bridge are connected in series. . For example, when the output power is small, a configuration in which two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are connected in series has been used. However, voltage amplitude ratio distribution in which two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are connected in series and the amplitude ratio of amplitudes V1 and V2 of each output voltage of the three-level single-phase output inverter bridge is V1: V2 = 1: 2. However, there is a problem that the total harmonic distortion factor of the AC output voltage cannot be reduced, and the harmonic components of the AC output voltage cannot be sufficiently reduced. In addition, it is necessary to provide a large output filter in order to attenuate the harmonic component of the AC output voltage.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and reduces the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage and increases the fundamental wave component, thereby reducing the size and weight of the output filter. A conversion device is obtained. Moreover, the power converter device with which switching control of a 3 level single phase output inverter bridge is simple is obtained.

The power conversion device according to the present invention includes two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges and two three-level single-phase output inverters in which different voltages are input and output terminals are connected in series without a transformer. Output voltage level of two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges every time the period of the AC output voltage output by connecting the output terminals of the bridge in series is equally divided by the division number 2n which is an even number of 14 or more Control means for switching the output voltage, and the output voltage amplitude V1 and amplitude of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion factor of the AC output voltage is a predetermined value or less according to the number of divisions. An amplitude ratio with V2 is set.

The power conversion device according to the present invention includes two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges and two three-level single-phase output inverters in which different voltages are input and output terminals are connected in series without a transformer. Output voltage level of two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges every time the period of the AC output voltage output by connecting the output terminals of the bridge in series is equally divided by the division number 2n which is an even number of 14 or more Control means for switching the output voltage, and the output voltage amplitude V1 and amplitude of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion factor of the AC output voltage is a predetermined value or less according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio with V2 is set, it is possible to obtain a power converter that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. That. Moreover, the power converter device with easy control is obtained. Furthermore, the power converter device in which the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clear is obtained.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1 for carrying out the present invention. In FIG. 1, a first input power supply 1 having an input voltage V1 is connected to a first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 capable of outputting three levels of + V1, 0, and −V1, and has an input voltage V2. A second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 capable of outputting three levels of + V2, 0, and −V2 is connected to the second input power supply 2. The input voltage V1 and the input voltage V2 have a relationship of V1 <V2, and the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter which are two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges Different voltages are input to the bridge 4. The output terminal of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the output terminal of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are connected in series to form a power converter with two-stage single-phase AC output. It is composed.

  The first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 includes switching elements 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d such as MOSFETs (field effect transistors), and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 The switching elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are configured. The first drive circuit 5 controls on / off of the switching elements 3a to 3d, and the second drive circuit 6 controls on / off of the switching elements 4a to 4d. The first drive circuit 5 and the second drive circuit 6 perform on / off control in response to a drive signal from a control circuit 7 constituted by a microcomputer, a digital signal processor, or the like.

  Between the output terminals 8 and 9 of the power converter in which the output terminal of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the output terminal of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are connected in series in two stages. AC output voltage having a voltage effective value of and a desired output frequency is output. The control circuit 7 performs the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter every time when one cycle of the AC output voltage is equally divided by the division number 2n that is an even number of 14 or more. Control means for switching the level of each output voltage of the bridge 4.

  The output voltage amplitude V1 of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is less than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. 4 is set to the amplitude V2 of the output voltage, and a drive signal is received from the control circuit 7 to turn on and off the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d. An AC output voltage in which the output voltage of the phase output inverter bridge 3 and the output voltage of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are superimposed can be obtained. By controlling the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d for each equally divided time, the control by the control circuit 7 becomes very easy, and the processing load of the microcomputer and the digital signal processor can be reduced. 7 can be simplified.

  FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the AC output voltage and the switching sequence of the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in the first embodiment. FIG. 2A is a waveform diagram of an AC output voltage of a pseudo sine wave output having a desired voltage effective value and a desired output frequency output between the output terminals 8 and 9. One cycle of the desired AC output voltage is equally divided into 14, for example, equally divided every 1.4286 ms when the output frequency is 50 Hz, and equally divided every 1.1905 ms when the output frequency is 60 Hz. FIG. 2B shows an example of an on / off signal for switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d for obtaining an AC output voltage, where High is an on signal and Low is an off signal.

  The output voltages of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are switched by switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in FIG. The combination of three levels of +,-, and 0 is changed during one cycle of the AC output voltage (+ V1, 0), (-V1, + V2), (0, + V2), (+ V1, + V2), (0, + V2). ), (-V1, + V2), (+ V1, 0), (-V1, 0), (+ V1, -V2), (0, -V2), (-V1, -V2), (0, -V2) , (+ V1, -V2), (-V1, 0), and (+ V1, + V2) and (-V1, -V2) in the order of m times (m = Control that is a control means for every time equally divided so as to be n-6) Switching the level of each output voltage by a drive signal from the road 7.

  In the first embodiment, the number of divisions 2n is 14, and n = 7. Therefore, the time corresponding to the combination of (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) is equal to one time of equal division. The level of each output voltage is switched by the drive signal from the control circuit 7 which is the control means at every equally divided time. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2A, the output voltage is + V1, + V2-V1, + V2, + V1 + V2, + V2, + V2-V1, + V1, -V1, -V2 + V1, -V2, -V1 during one cycle. It changes to -V2, -V2, -V2 + V1, and -V1. When the voltage changes from + V1 to -V1 and from -V1 to + V1, the voltage passes through the zero cross point, the zero cross point is uniquely determined, and the zero cross point is clearly determined. The present invention can also be applied to a load device using a zero cross point as a signal or a load device using phase control.

  FIG. 3 is a relationship diagram between the amplitude ratio and the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage in the first embodiment. The voltage ratio V2 / V1 between the voltage V1 of the first input power supply 1 and the voltage V2 of the second input power supply 2, that is, the amplitude V1 of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second The amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1) with the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of the three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 is related to the total harmonic distortion factor THD of the AC output voltage as shown in FIG. There is an amplitude ratio K (point A) that can be minimized, and the THD is minimized by determining the amplitude ratio K according to the equal number of divisions. In the prior art, V2 / V1 = 2. However, when the AC output voltage is equally divided into 14 as in the present embodiment, V2 / V1 = 2 does not minimize the THD, and V2 / V1 ≠ 2.

  FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram between the amplitude ratio and the magnitude of the fundamental wave component of the AC output voltage in the first embodiment. The fundamental wave component is a 50 Hz component when the output frequency is 50 Hz. The fundamental wave component becomes maximum at the amplitude ratio K at point B. The point B and the point A in FIG. 3 are the same, and can be uniquely determined for an equal number of divisions.

  FIG. 5 is a relationship diagram between the amplitude ratio and the standard deviation in the first embodiment. The standard deviation is obtained from the desired ideal sine wave output voltage and the output voltage obtained by this embodiment. The standard deviation becomes minimum at the amplitude ratio K at the point C, and can be brought close to the most ideal sine wave. The amplitude ratio K at point C is the same value as point A in FIG. 3 and point B in FIG.

  The division number 2n is set so as to satisfy Expression (1) which is a conditional expression for matching the effective value of the pseudo sine wave output voltage and the effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage with respect to the effective value Vrms of the desired AC output voltage. By setting the amplitude V1 and the amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1), an AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained.

  In the first embodiment, the number of divisions 2n is 14, and n = 7. Therefore, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 or the amplitude ratio so as to satisfy Expression (2) in which 7 is substituted for n in Expression (1). By setting K (= V2 / V1), an AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained.

  In the case of equal division with the division number 14 as shown in FIG. 2A, the amplitude ratio K at points A to C shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is K = 4.0567, that is, V1: V2 = 1: 4.0567, and setting the amplitude ratio K to a value of about 4.1 can minimize the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage and maximize the fundamental wave component. it can. Practically, it is set in the vicinity of K = 4.0567. When an LC filter is provided at the output so as to be close to the ideal sine wave output, the waveform distortion is the smallest, so that the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight.

  Even if the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not minimized, the waveform distortion can be reduced as long as the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value. Thereby, the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is the value obtained by adding + 1% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 1% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion The amplitude ratio K may be set in the range of 3.35 ≦ K ≦ 5.14. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is added to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion by + 2%, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 2% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion. The amplitude ratio K may be set in the range of 3.11 ≦ K ≦ 5.83. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is a value obtained by adding + 3% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when + 3% is allowed with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, the amplitude The ratio K may be set in the range of 2.94 ≦ K ≦ 6.52. In the conventional technique, K = 2, and it can be seen that completely different amplitude ratios are optimum values.

  In the case of K = 4.0567 in which the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is minimum and the fundamental wave component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and two stages of 3 are obtained from Equation (2). When the amplitude ratio with the amplitude V1 of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 in this case is Vrms: V1 = 1: 0.2973, the desired effective An alternating output voltage having the value Vrms is easily obtained. For example, V1 = 29.73V for effective value 100V output, V1 = 59.47V for effective value 200V output, V1 = 65.42V for effective value 220V output, and V1 = 71.36V for effective value 240V output. It is better to set.

  Further, when K = 4.0567 in which the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimum and the fundamental wave component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and two-stage three-level single-phase output When the amplitude ratio with the amplitude V2 of the output voltage on the high voltage side in the inverter bridge is set to Vrms: V2 = 1: 1.2063, an output voltage having a desired effective value can be easily obtained. For example, V2 = 120.63V for an effective value 100V output, V2 = 241.25V for an effective value 200V output, V2 = 265.38V for an effective value 220V output, and V2 = 289.50V for an effective value 240V output. It is better to set.

  Furthermore, since the crest factor ((V1 + V2) / Vrms) of the AC output voltage is as shown in Equation (3), if the crest factor is 1.5036, the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimized. Thus, K = 4.0567, which maximizes the fundamental wave component, can be obtained.

  As described above, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio is set, it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental wave component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. Further, a desired effective value of the AC output voltage can be easily output, and the control of the power converter can be simplified. Furthermore, there is an effect that the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clearly determined.

  In the first embodiment, the amplitude of each output voltage of the two-stage three-level single-phase output inverter bridges 3 and 4 is larger than the amplitude of the output voltage of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 that is the upper stage. Explained the case. However, the amplitude of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 in the lower stage may be large, and the upper three-level single-phase output inverter bridge and the lower three-level single-phase output inverter bridge are interchanged. The same effect can be obtained.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage and the switch switching sequence of switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in the second embodiment for carrying out the present invention. The power converter in the present embodiment has a configuration other than the number of divisions of one cycle of the AC output voltage and the combination of three levels of +, −, and 0 of the output voltages of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges. The same as in the first embodiment.

  In the second embodiment, a first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and a second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 which are two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges to which different voltages are input, Every time when one cycle of the AC output voltage output by connecting the output terminals of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 in series is equally divided by the division number 16 And a control circuit 7 which is a control means for switching the output voltage levels of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4.

  FIG. 6A is a waveform diagram of an AC output voltage of a pseudo sine wave output having a desired voltage effective value and a desired output frequency output between the output terminals 8 and 9. One cycle of the desired AC output voltage is equally divided into 16, for example, when the output frequency is 50 Hz, equally divided every 1.25 ms, and when the output frequency is 60 Hz, equally divided every 1.0417 ms. FIG. 6B is an example of an on / off signal for switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d for obtaining an AC output voltage. High is an on signal and Low is an off signal.

  The output voltages of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are switched by switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in FIG. The combination of three levels of +,-, and 0 is changed during one cycle of the AC output voltage (+ V1, 0), (-V1, + V2), (0, + V2), (+ V1, + V2), (0, + V2). ), (-V1, + V2), (+ V1, 0), (-V1, 0), (+ V1, -V2), (0, -V2), (-V1, -V2), (0, -V2) , (+ V1, -V2), (-V1, 0), and (+ V1, + V2) and (-V1, -V2) in the order of m times (m = n-6) is a control means that is a control means every time divided equally. Switching the level of each output voltage by a drive signal from the 7.

  In the second embodiment, the number of divisions 2n is 16, and n = 8. Therefore, the time corresponding to the combination of (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) is equal to two times of equal division. The level of each output voltage is switched by the drive signal from the control circuit 7 which is the control means at every equally divided time.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 6A, the output voltage is + V1, + V2-V1, + V2, + V1 + V2, + V1 + V2, + V2, + V2-V1, + V1, -V1, -V2, -V1, -V2, It changes as -V1-V2, -V1-V2, -V2, -V2 + V1, -V1. When the voltage changes from + V1 to -V1 and from -V1 to + V1, it passes through the zero cross point of the voltage, and the zero cross point is uniquely determined and clearly determined.

  As in the first embodiment, the amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1) of the amplitudes V1 and V2 of the output voltages in the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 ) Is related to the total harmonic distortion factor THD of the AC output voltage, there is an amplitude ratio K (point A) that can minimize THD, and two stages of three-level single-phase output inverters according to the equal number of divisions By determining the amplitude ratio K at the bridge, the THD will be minimized. In addition, there is an amplitude ratio K (point B) that is related to the fundamental wave component of the AC output voltage and maximizes the fundamental wave component, and further, the desired ideal sine wave output voltage and the output obtained by the present embodiment. There is also a relationship with the standard deviation obtained from the voltage, and there is an amplitude ratio K (point C) that minimizes the standard deviation. Point C is the same value as point A and point B.

  In the second embodiment, since the number of divisions 2n is 16, and n = 8, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 or the amplitude ratio are satisfied so as to satisfy the equation (4) in which 8 is substituted for n in the equation (1). By setting K (= V2 / V1), an AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained.

  In the case of equal division with 16 divisions as shown in FIG. 6A, the amplitude ratio K at points A to C shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is K = 3.8172, that is, V1: V2 = 1: 3.8172, and by setting the amplitude ratio K to a value of about 3.8, the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage can be minimized and the fundamental component can be maximized. . Practically, it is set in the vicinity of K = 3.8172. When an LC filter is provided at the output so as to be close to the ideal sine wave output, the waveform distortion is the smallest, so that the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight.

  Even if the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not minimized, the waveform distortion can be reduced as long as the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value. Thereby, the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is the value obtained by adding + 1% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 1% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion The amplitude ratio K may be set in a range of 3.17 ≦ K ≦ 4.76. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is added to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion by + 2%, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 2% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion. The amplitude ratio K may be set in the range of 2.95 ≦ K ≦ 5.33. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is a value obtained by adding + 3% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when + 3% is allowed with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, the amplitude The ratio K may be set in the range of 2.79 ≦ K ≦ 5.91. In the conventional technique, K = 2, and it can be seen that completely different amplitude ratios are optimum values.

  In the case of K = 3.8172 in which the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is minimum and the fundamental wave component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and two stages of 3 are obtained from Equation (4). When the amplitude ratio with the amplitude V1 of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 in this example is Vrms: V1 = 1: 0.2926, An alternating output voltage having the value Vrms is easily obtained. For example, V1 = 29.26V for effective value 100V output, V1 = 58.53V for effective value 200V output, V1 = 64.38V for effective value 220V output, and V1 = 70.23V for effective value 240V output. It is better to set.

  In the case of K = 3.8172 where the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimum and the fundamental wave component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and the two-stage three-level single-phase output When the amplitude ratio of the output voltage on the high voltage side in the inverter bridge to the amplitude V2 is Vrms: V2 = 1: 1.1170, an output voltage having a desired effective value can be easily obtained. For example, V2 = 111.70V for an effective value 100V output, V2 = 223.40V for an effective value 200V output, V2 = 245.74V for an effective value 220V output, and V2 = 268.08V for an effective value 240V output. It is better to set. Therefore, the voltage of V2 can be lowered as compared with the case where the number of divisions is 14.

  Furthermore, since the crest factor of the AC output voltage is as shown in Equation (5), if the crest factor is 1.4096, the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimized and the fundamental wave component is maximized. K = 3.8172 can be obtained.

  As described above, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio is set, it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental wave component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. Further, a desired effective value of the AC output voltage can be easily output, and the control of the power converter can be simplified. Furthermore, there is an effect that the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clearly determined.

  In the second embodiment, the amplitude of each output voltage of the two-stage three-level single-phase output inverter bridges 3 and 4 is large, and the amplitude of the output voltage of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 that is the upper stage is large. Explained the case. However, the amplitude of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 in the lower stage may be large, and the upper three-level single-phase output inverter bridge and the lower three-level single-phase output inverter bridge are interchanged. The same effect can be obtained.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram showing the relationship between the output voltage and the switching sequence of switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in the third embodiment for carrying out the present invention. The power converter in the present embodiment has a configuration other than the number of divisions of one cycle of the AC output voltage and the combination of three levels of +, −, and 0 of the output voltages of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges. The same as in the first embodiment.

  In the third embodiment, a first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and a second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 which are two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges to which different voltages are input, Every time when one cycle of the AC output voltage output by connecting the output terminals of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 in series is equally divided by the division number 18 And a control circuit 7 which is a control means for switching the output voltage levels of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4.

  FIG. 7A is a waveform diagram of an AC output voltage of a pseudo sine wave output having a desired voltage effective value and a desired output frequency output between the output terminals 8 and 9. One cycle of the desired AC output voltage is equally divided into 18, for example, when the output frequency is 50 Hz, equally divided every 1.1111 ms, and when the output frequency is 60 Hz, equally divided every 0.9259 ms. FIG. 7B is an example of an on / off signal for switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d for obtaining an AC output voltage, where High is an on signal and Low is an off signal.

  The output voltages of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 are switched by switching the switching elements 3a to 3d and 4a to 4d in FIG. The combination of three levels of +,-, and 0 is changed during one cycle of the AC output voltage (+ V1, 0), (-V1, + V2), (0, + V2), (+ V1, + V2), (0, + V2). ), (-V1, + V2), (+ V1, 0), (-V1, 0), (+ V1, -V2), (0, -V2), (-V1, -V2), (0, -V2) , (+ V1, -V2), (-V1, 0), and (+ V1, + V2) and (-V1, -V2) in the order of m times (m = n-6) is a control means that is a control means every time divided equally. Switching the level of each output voltage by a drive signal from the 7.

  In the third embodiment, since the number of divisions 2n is 18 and n = 9, the time corresponding to the combination of (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) is equal to three times of equal division. The level of each output voltage is switched by the drive signal from the control circuit 7 which is the control means at every equally divided time.

  As a result, as shown in FIG. 7A, the output voltage is + V1, + V2-V1, + V2, + V1 + V2, + V1 + V2, + V1 + V2, + V2, + V2-V1, + V1, -V1, -V2 + V1, -V during one cycle. V2, -V1-V2, -V1-V2, -V1-V2, -V2, -V2 + V1, and -V1 change. When the voltage changes from + V1 to -V1 and from -V1 to + V1, it passes through the zero cross point of the voltage, and the zero cross point is uniquely determined and clearly determined.

  As in the first embodiment, the amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1) of the amplitudes V1 and V2 of the output voltages in the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 and the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 ) Is related to the total harmonic distortion factor THD of the AC output voltage, there is an amplitude ratio K (point A) that can minimize THD, and two stages of three-level single-phase output inverters according to the equal number of divisions By determining the amplitude ratio K at the bridge, the THD will be minimized. In addition, there is an amplitude ratio K (point B) that is related to the fundamental wave component of the AC output voltage and maximizes the fundamental wave component, and further, the desired ideal sine wave output voltage and the output obtained by the present embodiment. There is also a relationship with the standard deviation obtained from the voltage, and there is an amplitude ratio K (point C) that minimizes the standard deviation. Point C is the same value as point A and point B.

  In the third embodiment, since the number of divisions 2n is 18 and n = 9, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 or the amplitude ratio so as to satisfy the equation (6) in which 9 is substituted for n in the equation (1). By setting K (= V2 / V1), an AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained.

  In the case of even division with 18 divisions as shown in FIG. 7A, the amplitude ratio K at points A to C shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 is K = 3.5039, that is, V1: V2 = 1: 3.5039. By setting the amplitude ratio K to a value of about 3.5, the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage can be minimized and the fundamental component can be maximized. . Practically, it is set in the vicinity of K = 3.5039. When an LC filter is provided at the output so as to be close to the ideal sine wave output, the waveform distortion is the smallest, so that the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight.

  Even if the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not minimized, the waveform distortion can be reduced as long as the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value. Thereby, the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is the value obtained by adding + 1% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 1% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion The amplitude ratio K may be set in the range of 2.92 ≦ K ≦ 4.32. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is added to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion by + 2%, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 2% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion. The amplitude ratio K may be set in a range of 2.72 ≦ K ≦ 4.81. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is a value obtained by adding + 3% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when + 3% is allowed with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, the amplitude The ratio K may be set in a range of 2.57 ≦ K ≦ 5.29. In the conventional technique, K = 2, and it can be seen that completely different amplitude ratios are optimum values.

  In the case of K = 3.5039, where the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is minimum and the fundamental wave component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and two stages of 3 are obtained from Equation (6). When the amplitude ratio of the output voltage amplitude of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 to the low-voltage side of the level single-phase output inverter bridge is Vrms: V1 = 1: 0.3001, the desired effective An alternating output voltage having the value Vrms is easily obtained. For example, V1 = 30.01V for effective value 100V output, V1 = 60.01V for effective value 200V output, V1 = 66.02V for effective value 220V output, and V1 = 72.02V for effective value 240V output. It is better to set.

  When K = 3.5039, where the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimum and the fundamental component is maximum, the desired effective value Vrms of the AC output voltage and two-stage three-level single-phase output When the amplitude ratio of the output voltage on the high voltage side in the inverter bridge to the amplitude V2 is Vrms: V2 = 1: 1.0514, an output voltage having a desired effective value can be easily obtained. For example, V2 = 105.14V for effective value 100V output, V2 = 210.29V for effective value 200V output, V2 = 231.32V for effective value 220V output, and V2 = 252.35V for effective value 240V output. It is better to set. Therefore, the voltage of V2 can be lowered as compared with the case where the division number is 14 or 16.

  Furthermore, since the crest factor of the AC output voltage is as shown in Equation (7), if the crest factor is 1.3515, the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage is minimized and the fundamental wave component is maximized. K = 3.5039 can be obtained.

  As described above, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio is set, it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental wave component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. Further, a desired effective value of the AC output voltage can be easily output, and the control of the power converter can be simplified. Furthermore, there is an effect that the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clearly determined.

  In the third embodiment, the amplitude of each output voltage of the two-stage three-level single-phase output inverter bridges 3 and 4 is large, and the amplitude of the output voltage of the second three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 4 that is the upper stage is large. Explained the case. However, the amplitude of the output voltage of the first three-level single-phase output inverter bridge 3 in the lower stage may be large, and the upper three-level single-phase output inverter bridge and the lower three-level single-phase output inverter bridge are interchanged. The same effect can be obtained.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In the third embodiment, the case where the number of divisions is 18 has been described. However, the number of divisions is set to 20, and the times corresponding to the combination of (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) are each divided into four equal times. Even if it becomes, the same effect can be acquired.

  In the fourth embodiment, the number of divisions 2n is 20, and n = 10. Therefore, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 or the amplitude ratio so as to satisfy Expression (8) in which 10 is substituted for n in Expression (1). By setting K (= V2 / V1), an AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained.

  In the case of even division with 20 divisions, the amplitude ratio K = 3.2203, that is, V1: V2 = 1: 3.2203, and the output is obtained by setting the amplitude ratio K to a value of about 3.2. The fundamental harmonic component can be maximized while minimizing the total harmonic distortion of the voltage. Practically, it is set in the vicinity of K = 3.2203. When an LC filter is provided at the output so as to be close to the ideal sine wave output, the waveform distortion is the smallest, so that the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight.

  Even if the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not minimized, the waveform distortion can be reduced as long as the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value. Thereby, the LC filter can be reduced in size and weight. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is the value obtained by adding + 1% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 1% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion The amplitude ratio K may be set in the range of 2.67 ≦ K ≦ 3.97. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is added to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion by + 2%, that is, when the distortion is allowed up to + 2% with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion. The amplitude ratio K may be set in a range of 2.48 ≦ K ≦ 4.43. When the specified value of the total harmonic distortion is a value obtained by adding + 3% to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, that is, when + 3% is allowed with respect to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion, the amplitude The ratio K may be set in a range of 2.33 ≦ K ≦ 4.86. In the conventional technique, K = 2, and it can be seen that completely different amplitude ratios are optimum values.

  As described above, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio is set, it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental wave component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. Further, a desired effective value of the AC output voltage can be easily output, and the control of the power converter can be simplified. Furthermore, there is an effect that the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clearly determined.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
Embodiments in which the number of divisions is 2n, and the times corresponding to the combinations of (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) are equally divided into m times (m = n−6), respectively. The effect similar to 1-4 can be acquired.

  By setting the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 or the amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1) so as to satisfy the equation (1) with respect to the effective value Vrms of the desired AC output voltage with the division number being 2n, An AC output voltage having a desired effective value Vrms can be easily obtained. In the case where the number of divisions is evenly divided, in order to minimize the total harmonic distortion of the output voltage and maximize the fundamental wave component, the amplitude ratio K is close to a value satisfying Equation (9). If it is in.

  By setting the amplitude ratio K so as to satisfy Equation (9), the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage can be minimized and the fundamental component can be maximized, so an LC filter is provided at the output. Thus, when approaching the ideal sine wave output, the LC filter can be most reduced in size and weight. Even if the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not minimized, the waveform distortion can be reduced as long as the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value. As in the first to fourth embodiments, a value of + 1%, + 2%, or + 3% is added to the minimum value of the total harmonic distortion factor to set a predetermined value of the total harmonic distortion factor, and accordingly The amplitude ratio K may be set.

  As described above, the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is not more than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Since the amplitude ratio is set, it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that can reduce the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage, increase the fundamental wave component, and reduce the size and weight of the output filter. Further, a desired effective value of the AC output voltage can be easily output, and the control of the power converter can be simplified. Furthermore, there is an effect that the zero cross point of the AC output voltage is clearly determined.

It is a block diagram of the power converter device which shows Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a wave form diagram which shows the relationship between the alternating current output voltage in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the switch switching sequence of a switching element. FIG. 3 is a relationship diagram between an amplitude ratio and a total harmonic distortion factor of an AC output voltage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a relationship diagram between the amplitude ratio in Embodiment 1 of this invention and the magnitude | size of the fundamental wave component of alternating current output voltage. FIG. 5 is a relationship diagram between an amplitude ratio and a standard deviation according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. It is a wave form diagram which shows the relationship between the alternating current output voltage in Embodiment 2 of this invention, and the switch switching sequence of a switching element. It is a wave form diagram which shows the relationship between the alternating current output voltage in Embodiment 3 of this invention, and the switch switching sequence of a switching element.

Explanation of symbols

  1, 2 input power supply, 3, 4 3 level single phase inverter bridge, 3a-3d, 4a-4d switching element, 5, 6 drive circuit, 7 control circuit, 8, 9 output terminal.

Claims (9)

Two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges that are input with different voltages and whose output terminals are connected in series without a transformer ;
The two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are connected in series with each other by dividing one cycle of an AC output voltage output in series by an even number of divisions 2n that is an even number of 14 or more. Control means for switching the level of the output voltage of the level single-phase output inverter bridge,
The amplitude ratio between the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is less than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. The power converter characterized by setting. The combination of the three levels of the output voltage of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges, that is, +, −, and 0 is (+ V1, 0), (−V1, + V2) during one cycle of the AC output voltage, (0, + V2), (+ V1, + V2), (0, + V2), (−V1, + V2), (+ V1, 0), (−V1, 0), (+ V1, −V2), (0, −V2) ), (−V1, −V2), (0, −V2), (+ V1, −V2), (−V1, 0), and (+ V1, + V2) and (−V1, −V2) The level of each output voltage is switched by the control means for each of the equally divided times so as to be m times (m = n-6) of the equally divided times. 1. The power conversion device according to 1. Two 3-level single-phase output inverter bridges to which different voltages are input;
The two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges are connected in series with each other by dividing one cycle of an AC output voltage output in series by an even number of divisions 2n that is an even number of 14 or more. Control means for switching the level of the output voltage of the level single-phase output inverter bridge,
The amplitude ratio between the amplitude V1 and the amplitude V2 of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges so that the total harmonic distortion of the AC output voltage is less than a predetermined value according to the number of divisions. Set
The combination of the three levels of +, −, and 0 of the output voltages of each of the two three-level single-phase output inverter bridges is changed to (+ V1, 0), (−V1, + V2) during one cycle of the AC output voltage. ), (0, + V2), (+ V1, + V2), (0, + V2), (−V1, + V2), (+ V1, 0), (−V1, 0), (+ V1, −V2), (0, -V2), (-V1, -V2), (0, -V2), (+ V1, -V2), (-V1, 0), and (+ V1, + V2) and (-V1, -V2) ), The level of each output voltage is switched by the control means for each equally divided time so that the time corresponding to the combination of m) is equal to m times of the equally divided time (m = n−6). Power conversion device. Against the effective value Vrms of the desired AC output voltage equation (1) satisfies so that the amplitude V1 and the amplitude ratio K (= V2 / V1) and claim 2 or claim 3, wherein setting the Power conversion device.

5. The power converter according to claim 4 , wherein when the number of divisions 2n is 14, the amplitude ratio K is in the range of 2.94 to 6.52. The power converter according to claim 4 , wherein when the number of divisions 2n is 16, the amplitude ratio K is in the range of 2.79 or more and 5.91 or less. 5. The power converter according to claim 4 , wherein when the number of divisions 2n is 18, the amplitude ratio K is in a range of 2.57 to 5.29. 5. The power converter according to claim 4 , wherein when the number of divisions 2n is 20, the amplitude ratio K is in the range of 2.33 to 4.86. The power conversion apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the amplitude ratio K is a value in the vicinity of a value derived from the expression (2).

Images