JP4813673B2 - Snowmelt pillow - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a snowmelt sleeper, and more particularly to an apparatus for efficiently removing snow accumulation such as a track point on a rail track.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In heavy snowfall areas, railway tracks often become covered with snow, which hinders train operation.
In particular, when a track point having a movable portion snows, the movable rail freezes, or the track point cannot be switched because snow enters and freezes in the gap between the movable rail and the fixed rail.
In order to prevent such a track point switching failure, various snowmelt countermeasures have been taken.
[0003]
For example, as shown in FIG. 8, measures are taken to melt snow and ice near the rail 100 by attaching heaters 101 to both sides of the rail 100 fixed to the sleeper tree 103 with a tie plate 102 interposed therebetween and heating the rail 100. Has been adopted.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 9, measures are taken to melt snow and ice by arranging cylindrical heaters 104 in the vicinity of both side edges of the tie plate 102 and heating the tie plate 102 from the side edges.
Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, a plate-type heater 105 is installed on a sleeper tree 103 or a ballast (not shown) between the rails 100 to melt snow and ice near the heater 105. Has also been adopted.
In addition, measures such as blowing warm air on orbit points may be taken.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, all of the above-mentioned snow melting countermeasures have a poor balance between the amount of heat generated by the heater and the heat capacity of the object to be heated.
That is, in the countermeasure shown in FIG. 8, since the heat capacity of the rail 100 is extremely large, it takes a long time to raise the temperature to the target temperature.
In the countermeasure shown in FIG. 9, the tie plate 102 can be raised to a predetermined temperature in a short time, but on the other hand, if the heater 104 is energized while the temperature is raised, the sleeper 103 is locally heated. This causes problems such as carbonization.
In addition, with the countermeasure shown in FIG. 10, the heater 105 has poor thermal efficiency, and if it is intended to use a track-holding device such as a multi-tie tamper to tighten the ballast, the heater 105 must be moved one by one, which makes the track maintenance work cumbersome. is there.
[0005]
As described above, measures against snow melting are taken in addition to the existing track, so that the installation cost increases and the thermal efficiency is low, and the laying objects such as the heater and the wiring obstruct the maintenance work.
[0006]
An object of the present invention proposed in view of such circumstances is to provide a snow-melting sleeper having high thermal efficiency and cost-saving by taking a fundamental snow-melting countermeasure on the sleeper itself.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The snowmelt sleeper of the present invention proposed to achieve the above object is a fiber having a heat conductivity higher than that of the sleeper on the surface of the sleeper so that the heater is provided on the rail fixed side surface of the sleeper and covers the heater. A reinforcing layer is formed by covering with a reinforced hard synthetic resin material, and a heater groove for embedding the heater on the rail fixing side surface of the sleeper is provided over a substantially entire length in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, and the reinforcing layer A reinforcing member is joined to the upper part of the base plate, and the reinforcing member is made of synthetic wood made of fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin foam.
[0008]
When synthetic wood or ordinary wood is used for the sleeper itself, it is preferable to use a synthetic resin material in which the thermal conductivity of the reinforcing layer is sufficiently higher than the thermal conductivity of the sleeper.
According to this configuration, since the periphery of the heater is covered with the reinforcing layer, the heat generated from the heater is not directly dissipated into the atmosphere by wind or the like. Moreover, since the heat generated from the heater is mainly conducted through the reinforcing layer having high thermal conductivity, the surface portion of the sleeper is efficiently heated over the entire surface, and heat conduction below the sleeper is less.
Thereby, since the surface of the sleeper tree is efficiently heated by the heat generated by the heater, the thermal efficiency is improved, and snow and ice can be efficiently melted.
[0009]
When the heating value of the heater with respect to one sleeper is set to a predetermined value, the heating value per unit length of the heater increases as the heater becomes shorter, and conversely, the heating value per unit length decreases as the heater becomes longer.
Therefore, if a heater is provided over substantially the entire surface of the rail fixed side of the sleeper, the amount of heat generated per unit length of the heater can be reduced, so that even if the temperature rises, the sleeper that contacts the heater is locally Will not be burned or carbonized due to heat.
[0010]
In addition, since the reinforcing layer is interposed between the tie plate and the heater when the tie plate is fixed to the sleeper, a problem that the heater is damaged by vibration of the tie plate can be suppressed.
In this snowmelt sleeper, the heater can be prevented from being damaged by arranging the heater while avoiding the lower portion of the tie plate and the insertion portion of the fixing nail for fixing the tie plate.
[0011]
The snowmelt sleeper described above has a configuration in which a heater is disposed on the surface of the sleeper tree and the reinforcing layer is covered thereon, and further, the heater is embedded in the sleeper tree and the reinforcing layer is covered thereon.
In other words, in the present invention, a heater groove for embedding and storing the heater in the rail fixed side surface of the sleeper is provided over substantially the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper.
According to this configuration, the heater is embedded and stored in the heater groove. However, when the reinforcing layer is formed by covering the synthetic resin material, the resin material is filled into the heater groove so that the synthetic resin material is sufficiently spread around the heater. Thereby, since the heat generated from the heater is conducted to the entire surface of the sleeper through the reinforcing layer having high thermal conductivity, snow and ice can be efficiently melted.
In addition, since the vibration and impact generated in the tie plate are not directly applied to the heater by providing the heater groove, the heater is not damaged.
[0012]
The reinforcing layer can be covered not only on the top surface of the sleeper tree but also on the side surface of the sleeper tree. Thus, it is preferable to provide a reinforcing layer up to the side surface of the sleeper, because heat is conducted to the ballast side and a snow melting effect is exhibited. When covering the reinforcing layer up to the side surface of the sleeper, the entire side surface may be covered, or only the upper part of the side surface may be covered.
[0013]
In the present invention, the reinforcing layer is made of a fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin material (FRP resin material).
The FRP resin material has a thermal conductivity several times higher than that of synthetic wood or normal wood made of fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin foam, and has wear resistance and impact resistance. Therefore, by covering the FRP resin material as the reinforcing layer, heat generated by the heater is efficiently conducted to the surface of the sleeper, and damage to the sleeper due to a tie plate or the like can be suppressed.
FRP resin (excluding foam) is obtained by impregnating a roving cloth or mat with a cured resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin or an epoxy resin is recommended as the cured resin. For example, a resin layer in which glass mats and glass rovings are alternately laminated can be used as the reinforcing layer. When such a resin layer is coated on the surface of synthetic wood or the like, the resin layer is firmly integrated and joined to the surface of the synthetic wood. Thereby, even if the vertical vibration of the sleeper tree due to the so-called “tilting phenomenon” occurs, the wear of the sleeper tree and the occurrence of lateral cracks can be effectively suppressed.
[0014]
In the present invention, a reinforcing member is further provided on the reinforcing layer.
According to this configuration, the heat generated from the heater is conducted to the entire reinforcing layer, and the reinforcing member can be heated entirely by the reinforcing layer, and further, damage to the sleeper tree due to wear and impact due to tie plate is further suppressed. Can do.
Further, by joining the reinforcing member, the sleeper and the reinforcing member are firmly integrated by the reinforcing layer, so that the bending rigidity in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper is improved and lateral cracking is prevented.
[0015]
The reinforcing member is made of either synthetic wood made of fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin foam or rubber material having elasticity.
When the reinforcing member is made of synthetic wood, it is preferable that the fiber direction included in the synthetic wood is the longitudinal direction of each member. That is, the stress applied to the sleeper tree is mainly caused by a bending moment with the rail as a fulcrum, and a high bending rigidity (EI) in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper tree is required.
Accordingly, a material in which the fiber direction of the synthetic wood is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing member, or a material in which synthetic woods having different fiber directions are laminated is suitable, and a sleeper with a lighter weight and higher strength can be obtained.
[0016]
In the present invention, the heater may be housed in a protective tube.
For example, in a configuration using a cylindrical metal tube as the protective tube, the heat generated by the linear heater is conducted through the protective tube having a high thermal conductivity, so that the sleeper is locally heated.
In addition, since the heater itself is protected by the protective tube, damage to the heater due to vibration or impact due to a tie plate or the like is further prevented.
The protective tube should be hard enough to be bent easily by hand, and even when the heater groove is curved, it can be bent and stored along the heater groove.
[0017]
In the present invention, the sleeper tree is preferably made of synthetic wood made of fiber-reinforced hard synthetic resin foam.
In other words, if the sleeper is made of a glass fiber reinforced plastic foam plate that is not subject to UV degradation, the durability and processability can be improved and the weight can be reduced. More preferably, the board constituting the sleeper can be formed of a resin reinforced with long fibers embedded in the longitudinal direction (this is referred to as “synthetic wood”), and more preferably glass long fibers are disposed in the longitudinal direction. It can be formed by a thermosetting resin foam that is arranged and embedded. Further, the sleeper tree may be constituted by a plate material made of the above-mentioned synthetic wood alone, but the sleeper tree can also be formed by a composite material obtained by vertically laminating plate materials made of synthetic wood or resin foam. In addition, the density of synthetic wood is generally 500 to 1000 kg / m ³ (0.5 to 1.0 g / cm ³ ), and the content of long fibers as a reinforcing material is about 40 to 60% by weight. Can be. As long fibers, either inorganic or organic may be used, but glass fibers are preferably used. As the thermosetting resin foam, a hard polyurethane resin or a hard polyester resin can be suitably used.
[0018]
As a kind of foamed resin, for example, a hard resin that is a thermosetting resin such as a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, a vinyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, or a phenol resin is preferably used. In order to improve compressive strength and reduce costs in the foamed resin, inorganic fillers such as calcium carbonate, gypsum, talc, aluminum hydroxide, clay, and lightweight bones such as shirasu balloon, pearlite, glass balloon, etc. Materials may be added. Examples of the fiber that reinforces the hard synthetic resin foam of the plate material include any of inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, and ceramic fibers, synthetic fibers such as aromatic polyamide fibers, and organic fibers such as natural fibers. However, glass fiber is suitable in terms of strength and economy. The fiber is preferably in the form of long fibers such as yarn, cloth, roving, roving cloth, and cloth mat. Short fibers such as chips and middle fibers and hollow fillers such as shirasu balloons are used in combination as necessary. You may do it. Examples of the glass fiber include glass roving, glass roving cloth, glass mat, and continuous strand mat. These fibers may be used alone, or may be used by laminating two or more layers, or a mixture of long fibers and short fibers may be used. The most suitable material is a foam reinforced with a long urethane fiber made of hard urethane resin aligned in the longitudinal direction (for example, “Eslon Neo Lumber FFU” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.).
[0019]
【Example】
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
(Example 1)
1 to 3 show the structure of the snowmelt sleeper of this embodiment in the order of the manufacturing process.
That is, FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a first step for manufacturing the snowmelt sleeper of this embodiment, FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. ) Is a plan view showing the second step, FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 3A, FIG. 3A is a side view showing the final step, and FIG. FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 5C, and FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of a modification of FIGS. Moreover, FIG. 4 has shown the top view of the snowmelt sleeper 1 of a present Example.
[0020]
In this embodiment, the sleeper 10 that is the base of the snowmelt sleeper is made of synthetic wood made of a long glass fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin foam. Since this synthetic wood is a foam, the heat insulating effect is high and the thermal conductivity is extremely low as compared with the FRP resin material described later.
In the first step, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of heater grooves 12 are linearly carved over the entire length in the longitudinal direction on the upper surface (rail fixing side surface) 10a of the sleeper 10.
The heater groove 12 has a substantially U-shaped cross section, and has a depth at which the heater does not protrude from the sleeper surface when a long cord heater described later is embedded in the heater groove 12.
The heater groove 12 is basically provided in a straight line shape, but is partially curved so as to avoid the pilot hole 11 of the tie plate 20 fixed to the sleeper 10 to support the rail.
[0021]
In the second step, as shown in FIG. 2, a long cord-shaped heater 13 is embedded in each heater groove 12.
The heater 13 is a general-purpose one that is integrally covered with a flexible rubber protective layer, and can be embedded in a curved manner according to the curve of the heater groove 12.
Further, the lead wire 13 a led out from the heater 13 uses a type led out on both sides of the heater 13.
[0022]
In the final step, as shown in FIG. 3, the snowmelt sleeper 1 is completed by covering the upper surface 10a of the sleeper 10 with a reinforcing layer 14 using an FRP resin material with a predetermined thickness. This FRP resin material has thermal conductivity several times that of the synthetic wood forming the sleeper 10 main body.
As the FRP resin material, a resin layer obtained by alternately laminating glass mats and glass rovings and impregnated with an unsaturated polyester resin as a cured resin is used. When the reinforcing layer 14 is formed by covering the upper surface of the sleeper 10 with this FRP resin material, the resin material is sufficiently filled in the heater groove 12 in which the heater 13 is embedded. Thereby, the heat generated by the heater 13 can be efficiently conducted to the upper surface side of the sleeper 10 through the reinforcing layer 14 without being accumulated inside the heater groove 12.
Moreover, as shown in FIG.3 (c), you may coat | cover so that the reinforcement layer 14 may be wound from the upper surface of the sleeper 10 to the side surface. Thereby, heat is conducted to the ballast side through the reinforcing layer 14, and the snow melting effect on the ballast side is exhibited.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 4, the snowmelt sleeper 1 of the present embodiment thus formed has a shape in which the lead wires 13a of the heater 13 are led out from both longitudinal ends of the sleeper 1, and a power supply (not shown) Accordingly, the power supply is performed by connecting the lead wires 13a in series or in parallel.
According to the snowmelt sleeper 1, although the structure is simple, the heat of the heater 13 can be effectively conducted to the surface of the sleeper 1 by the reinforcing layer 14, and the snow and ice can be efficiently melted. Is possible.
In addition, since the heater 13 is provided over substantially the entire surface of the sleeper 1, the heat generated by the heater 13 and the heat capacity of the sleeper 1 can be well balanced and efficient heating can be performed in a short time.
In addition, there are no protrusions around the rail and sleeper tree, and the lead wire 13a is only led out from the side surface of the sleeper tree 1, so that there is no hindrance to the track maintenance work.
Further, by covering the surface of the sleeper 10 made of synthetic wood with the reinforcing layer 14 using the FRP resin material, the FRP resin material is firmly integrated and joined to the surface of the synthetic wood. As a result, it is possible to effectively suppress the occurrence of wear and lateral cracks caused by the tie plate accompanying the so-called “tilting phenomenon”.
[0024]
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the lead wire 13 a of the heater 13 is led out from both longitudinal ends of the snowmelt sleeper 1. However, if the heater 13 of the type in which the lead wire 13a is led out from one end is used, the laying wiring for supplying power to the heater 13 can be concentrated on one side of the sleeper 1, and the laying is easy and hinders the wire maintenance work. Can be reduced.
[0025]
(Example 2)
In the first embodiment, the heater 13 housed in the heater groove 12 is a general-purpose type that is integrally formed by being covered with a flexible rubber protective layer.
However, the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and for example, a configuration using the heater 13 and a cylindrical protective tube that houses the heater 13 may be employed.
That is, the heater groove 12 shown in FIG. 1 has a configuration in which a flexible cylindrical protection tube made of nylon or Teflon is embedded, and a reinforcing layer 14 using an FRP resin material is coated thereon. Can be taken.
[0026]
In this configuration, the heater 13 may be accommodated in the heater groove 12 with the heater 13 inserted in advance into the cylindrical protective tube and the reinforcing layer 14 may be covered, or the cylindrical protective tube may be accommodated in the heater groove 12 and the reinforcing layer. After coating 14, the heater 13 may be inserted into the cylindrical protective tube.
According to this configuration, the heater 13 can be detached from the sleeper 10 (cylindrical protective tube), and maintenance such as inspection and replacement of the heater 13 is easy.
[0027]
(Example 3)
Fig.5 (a) is a side view of the snowmelt sleeper 2 relevant to this invention, The same figure (b) shows DD sectional view taken on the line of (a).
The snowmelt sleeper 2 is configured such that a reinforcing member 15 using an elastic rubber material is joined to the covering layer 14 of the snowmelt sleeper 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The same reference numerals are assigned and detailed description is omitted.
The rubber material used for the reinforcing member 15 is a single-layer plate-like hard rubber sheet having wear resistance, but such hard rubber sheets can be laminated and used.
According to the snowmelt sleeper 2, wear due to a tie plate (not shown) can be effectively suppressed by the reinforcing member 15 using a hard rubber sheet, and durability can be improved.
[0028]
Example 4
6A is a side view of a snowmelt sleeper 3 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE of FIG.
The snowmelt sleeper 3 has a structure in which a reinforcing member 16 made of synthetic wood made of a long glass fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin foam is bonded onto the covering layer 14 of the snowmelt sleeper 1 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
When the reinforcing member 16 is bonded onto the coating layer 14, it is preferable that the reinforcing member 16 is covered and pressure-cured and cured before the coating layer 14 is cured. As a result, the covering layer 14 is firmly and integrally fixed to the lower sleeper 10 and the upper reinforcing member 16, and the lateral cracking of the snowmelt sleeper 3 is prevented and the durability is further improved.
[0029]
By the way, in the said Embodiment 1-4, it was the structure which arranged the several heater groove | channel 12 over the longitudinal full length of the sleeper 10, However, This invention is not limited to such a structure.
For example, as shown to Fig.7 (a), the structure which distribute | arranged the one heater groove | channel 12 bent on the upper surface of the sleeper 10 can be taken. In other words, in this example, one heater groove 12 communicating with both ends (positions of arrows in the figure) of the sleeper 10 is provided.
Moreover, as shown in FIG.7 (b), although the structure which distributes the one heater groove | channel 12 is the same, both ends of the heater groove | channel 12 lead to one edge part (position of the arrow of a figure) of the sleeper 10. It can also be configured.
As described above, if the heater groove 12 is bent, it is only necessary to store one long heater 13 inside, and it is possible to easily connect the power supply line to the heater 13.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the entire sleeper can be heated with a simple structure, it is cheaper than the existing sleeper with a measure against snow melting, and the efficient snow melting with improved efficiency with respect to the supplied power is achieved. It can be done and also improves durability.
Further, since the heater lead wire is only led out from the side surface of the sleeper, workability is improved without causing any trouble in the wire maintenance work.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1A is a plan view showing a first manufacturing process of a snowmelt sleeper according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 2A is a plan view showing a second manufacturing process of a snowmelt sleeper tree, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG.
3A is a side view showing the final manufacturing process of a snowmelt pillow, FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3C is a sectional view showing a modification.
4 is a plan view showing an appearance of a snowmelt sleeper shown in FIG. 3. FIG.
5A is a side view showing the appearance of a snowmelt sleeper tree related to the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG. 5A.
6A is a side view showing an appearance of a snowmelt sleeper according to still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are plan views showing examples in which the configuration of the heater groove is different. FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional snow melting countermeasure.
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another conventional snow melting countermeasure.
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing another conventional snow melting countermeasure.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Sleeper 10a Rail fixed surface 13 Heater 14 Reinforcement layers 1, 2, 3 Snowmelt sleeper 12 Heater groove 15 Reinforcement member (hard rubber sheet)
16 Reinforcement member (synthetic wood)

Claims (3)

A heater is arranged on the rail fixed side surface of the sleeper tree, and a reinforcing layer is formed by covering the surface of the sleeper tree with a fiber reinforced hard synthetic resin material having higher thermal conductivity than the sleeper tree, A heater groove for embedding the heater is provided over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the sleeper, and a reinforcing member is joined on the reinforcing layer, and the reinforcing member is a fiber-reinforced hard composite. A snowmelt pillow made of synthetic wood made of resin foam.   The snowmelt sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the heater is housed in a protective tube.   The snowmelt sleeper according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sleeper is made of synthetic wood made of a fiber-reinforced hard synthetic resin foam.

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