WO2016095788A1

WO2016095788A1 - Composite material railway sleeper and manufacturing method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2016095788A1
Application number: PCT/CN2015/097340
Authority: WO
Inventors: 赵沐通; 张跃进
Original assignee: 广东中集翌科新材料开发有限公司
Priority date: 2014-12-19
Filing date: 2015-12-15
Publication date: 2016-06-23
Also published as: CN104452485A

Abstract

Disclosed are a composite material railway sleeper and a manufacturing method therefor. The railway sleeper comprises a basic section bar extending in the longitudinal direction. A cavity runs through the basic section bar in the longitudinal direction. The basic section bar is made of a fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite material. The fiber-reinforced resin matrix composite material comprises resin and a fiber-reinforced material. The fiber-reinforced material comprises fiber mats and fiber yarns. The fiber mats are laid around the cavity in the basic section bar as layers. A plurality of strands of fiber yarn are arranged close to the fiber mats in the longitudinal direction. The fiber mats are laid in the basic section bar as one fiber mat unit or multiple fiber mat units arranged sequentially from the inner layer to the outer layer. Each fiber mat unit comprises multiple fiber mats and the multiple fiber mats are laid around the cavity.

Description

Composite material sleeper and manufacturing method thereof

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of composite materials, and is particularly suitable for composite sleepers supporting rails in railway lines.

Background technique

Sleepers are an indispensable material in the field of railway transportation. Its role is to under the rail, to maintain the geometrical position of the gauge, horizontal, height and direction between two or more rails by interconnecting parts, and to distribute the various loads on the rail evenly on the track bed. basically. Therefore, the sleeper must have rigidity, durability and elasticity.

The sleepers used in railway construction projects are: wooden sleepers, reinforced concrete sleepers and steel sleepers.

The well-known wooden sleeper rails are widely used in special sections such as bridges and ballasts because of their advantages of good elasticity, easy processing, and ease of use. However, due to the reason of the material, the strength and durability of the wooden pillow are not uniform enough, and the wheel-rail dynamic force is increased, so that the service life of the wooden pillow is short. Under the open air conditions, affected by the environment and climate, the wooden pillows are easy to age, decay and chryscle. When the wood pillow anti-corrosion layer is destroyed during construction, this aging decay phenomenon will be significantly aggravated. Under the impact and rolling of long-term train load, it is easy to cause mechanical wear of the wooden pillow, shorten the service life and cause inconsistency in elasticity. The nail hole on the wooden pillow will be slack due to the long-term use, and the nail holding ability will be reduced, resulting in a safety hazard of driving. In addition, the quality of wood resources is relatively scarce, the supply of wood raw materials is decreasing, and it is increasingly incompatible with environmental protection and ecological protection requirements.

Reinforced concrete sleepers are also commonly used sleepers, which overcome the shortcomings of short life of wooden sleepers, have long life and good stability, but because of the hardness of this type of sleepers, they play The performance is poor, the sound-absorbing and shock-absorbing effect is also poor, and the problem of cracking is prone to occur after a period of use, which affects the safe operation of the railway. Reinforced concrete sleepers are heavy and bulky compared to wooden sleepers, making them difficult to lay, maintain, and transport.

Steel sleepers are expensive to manufacture and cannot be widely used. There is a lot of noise from the friction between the paving and the train.

In addition, due to the poor insulation of concrete sleepers and steel sleepers, reinforced concrete and steel sleepers need to be insulated in the process of use, especially in electrified lines, the insulation requirements are higher. In addition, a large amount of CO2 is emitted during the preparation of raw materials for cement and steel. It is reported that the amount of CO2 emitted during the process of preparing cement and steel is 10 times and 200 times that of wooden sleepers, respectively, causing environmental pollution, not complying with environmental protection and low carbon. Requirements.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of prior art sleepers, the present invention provides a composite sleeper comprising a base profile extending in a longitudinal direction, the base profile having a cavity extending therethrough. The base profile is a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite comprising a resin and a fiber reinforcement, the fiber reinforcement comprising a fiber mat and a fiber yarn, and the fiber mat is in the base profile The fiber yarn is laid around the cavity, and the fiber yarn includes a plurality of fibers distributed in the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the fiber mat. And, the fiber mat is laid in the base profile as a unit of fiber mat or a plurality of unit fiber mats arranged in order from the inner layer to the outer layer of the base profile, and the fiber mat of each unit comprises a plurality of pieces A fiber mat that is laid to wrap around the cavity.

The present invention also provides a method of manufacturing the above composite sleeper comprising the steps of: (1) providing a suitable amount of fiber reinforcement and resin, the fiber reinforcement comprising fiber yarn, fiber mat, and the reinforcing material Divided into multiple groups;

(2) guiding: a group of the fiber reinforcing materials are arranged in a layered structure in a predetermined pattern by a guiding device, and guided to a dipping device containing a resin at a predetermined speed;

(3) impregnation: passing the layered structure of the fiber-reinforced material arranged in a predetermined pattern through the impregnation device containing the resin at a predetermined speed;

(4) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus at a predetermined speed, and the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is removed to remove excess resin, and bubbles are eliminated. And making the shape close to the shape of the inlet of the forming mold;

(5) repeating the above steps (2)-(4) for the other groups of the plurality of sets of fiber-reinforced materials, such that the plurality of sets of fiber mats are laid in the base profile outward from the inner layer of the base profile a fiber mat of a plurality of units arranged in sequence, the fiber mat of each unit comprising a plurality of fiber mats laid to surround the cavity;

(6) Molding and curing: the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the molding die through a cavity of the preforming device at a predetermined speed, and the structure of the basic profile required for the sleeper is obtained by curing in the molding die, and passes through the molding die. Heating the fiber reinforcement;

(7) Cutting: The structure of the base profile is cut into a base profile having a desired length.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The main production process of the composite sleeper with the filling material body in the core is the pultrusion process, which has high production efficiency, less waste of raw materials, good consistency of the integrity and cross-sectional shape, and unlimited length of the profile.

2, light weight, high strength, weight is only 1/3-1/4 of steel.

3, high design: according to the load required by the sleeper, design and manufacture of different thickness, section, shape, size and strength of the sleeper.

4, good corrosion resistance: the sleeper is corrosion resistant, no regular maintenance, environmental pollution, etc. The problem saves maintenance and protection costs, especially in places with harsh working conditions.

5, low thermal conductivity, small expansion coefficient, the thermal stress generated by the temperature difference is much more than metal.

6. Convenient installation: The sleeper is modularized in the factory, which has less damage to the environment, convenient transportation and hoisting, and lower construction cost.

7. In addition to the newly built railway, the sleeper can also be used for the sleeper to be repaired, that is, to replace the existing sleeper.

DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a composite sleeper in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the composite sleeper shown in Figure 1;

3 is a view showing the internal structure of a fiber reinforced resin-based composite material of a composite sleeper according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D are diagrams showing internal structures of a fiber reinforced resin-based composite material of a composite sleeper according to still another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing an example of a pipeline for manufacturing a composite sleeper according to the present invention;

Figure 6 shows a schematic view of another example of a pipeline for making a composite sleeper in accordance with the present invention.

detailed description

The same reference numbers are used in the drawings to refer to the same or technical equivalent.

The terms "longitudinal" and "transverse" respectively dictate the component along a given direction and perpendicular to this Extends in the plane of the direction. "Cross section" means a section perpendicular to the "longitudinal" direction.

The following is a description of: (1) an embodiment of a composite sleeper; and (2) an embodiment of a method of manufacturing the composite sleeper.

See Figure 1. Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a composite sleeper in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The sleeper comprises a base profile 1 extending in the longitudinal direction (in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1). The base profile 1 has a cavity that runs through in the longitudinal direction. The cavity may be empty or may be filled with a core 2 to prevent moisture or the like from entering the cavity.

The base profile 1 of the sleeper shown in Fig. 1 has a rectangular cylindrical shape; that is, the base profile 1 can be regarded as forming a cylindrical body by hollowing out a smaller rectangular body in the longitudinal direction, the cylinder being The cross section is two rectangles nested.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the composite sleeper of Figure 1 (the composite sleeper of Figure 2 has a core 2, which may also have no core). X, Y in the figure are the thickness of the wall of the rectangular cylinder at two different positions. The thickness may be different at different locations or may be the same. In Fig. 2, in addition to the four corners, the aforementioned rectangular cylinders have the same wall thickness, and the wall thickness is 8-25 mm.

The base profile 1 may be a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material made of 60% to 85% by weight of a fiber reinforcing material and 15% to 40% of a resin.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a composite sleeper showing an internal structural view of a fiber reinforced resin-based composite material of a base profile 1 of a sleeper, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material includes a resin 5 including a fiber mat 6 (shown as a thick solid line in FIG. 3) and a fiber yarn 7 (as shown in FIG. 3). Point shown). The fiber mat 6 is laid around the cavity in the base profile 1. The fiber yarn 7 includes a plurality of fibers distributed in the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the fiber mat 6.

The fiber yarn 7 provides tensile strength in the longitudinal direction. However, fiber yarns generally have high strength only in the longitudinal direction and low strength in the transverse direction. If only fiber yarns are used, the resulting sleepers can only resist tensile stresses in the longitudinal direction and apply lateral or other stresses (for example, rails are mounted on rails, and when the train is running, the bolts are Overcoming the stress applied by the train to the sleepers in all directions), the sleepers will easily yield and break. Therefore, the composite material in the technical solution of the present invention is also reinforced with the fiber mat 6. The fiber mat 6 may be a biaxial or multiaxial braided felt or mesh cloth, i.e., fibers are woven in more than two directions of its plane such that it has high mechanical properties in the plurality of directions described. .

The fiber mat 6 may be a fiberglass mat, a fiberglass mat, a fiberglass mat, a carbon fiber mat, an aramid cloth, a polyester cloth, or a mixture thereof. As an example, the fiber mat 6 can be a three-axial series of felt mats. This three-axis normal angle is 0°/45°/-45° and 45°/90°/-45°. At the same time, the angle can be arbitrarily adjusted within ±20 to ±90°. The total grammage of the fiber mat 6 can be selected from the range of 752 g/m2 to 1242 g/m2. The fiber mat 6 may have a radial breaking strength of 780 N/25 mm to 3000 N/25 mm and a latitudinal breaking strength of 650 N/25 mm to 2500 N/25 mm.

In Fig. 3, two fiber mats form a cavity in which the unit is wrapped around the base profile 1 in a cylindrical shape. However, one skilled in the art can use one block as needed. It is also possible to use three, four or more fiber mats which are arranged in order from the inner layer to the outer layer of the base profile 1 like the two fiber mats shown in FIG.

Further, the fiber mat may have a shape other than a cylindrical shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 4A, four

planar fiber mats

61, 62, 63, 64 may be provided, and the

fiber mats

61, 62, 63, 64 are respectively distributed on the four planar walls of the rectangular tubular base profile 1. in. The four fiber felts surround the cavity of the base profile 1 such that the base profile 1 has its own position at each of its four walls and at various corners. Have the required mechanical properties.

For another example, as shown in FIG. 4B, there may be two

fiber mats

65, 66. Wherein the fiber mat 65 is folded into an inverted trough shape (having a cross section such as a "U" shape, as shown in FIG. 4B), covering an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile 1 and adjacent to the entire wall. About half of the walls of the two walls; and the fiber mat 66 is also folded into a trough shape (having a cross section such as a "U" shape, as shown in FIG. 4B) covering an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile 1 and About half of the walls of the two walls adjacent to the entire wall; the two "U" shaped

fiber mats

65, 66 are "fastened" to each other, covering the four walls of the base profile 1, that is, wrapping the cavity, which The base profile 1 is provided with the required mechanical properties at various locations of its four walls and at various corners.

For another example, as shown in FIG. 4C, there may be four

planar fiber mats

67, 68, 69, 70 and two "U" shaped fiber mats 71, 72; wherein the

planar fiber mats

67, 68, 69, 70 Located on the inner side of the "U" shaped fiber mats 71, 72, respectively distributed in the four planar walls of the rectangular tubular base profile 1, and the "U" shaped fiber mats 71, 72 are located in the

planar fiber mats

67, 68. The outer sides of 69, 70 respectively cover an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile 1 and about half of the walls adjacent to the entire wall; the two "U" shaped fiber mats 71, 72 are mutually " "Bucking" covers the four walls of the base profile 1, that is, wraps around the cavity, which allows the base profile 1 to have the desired mechanical properties at various locations of its four walls and at various corners. In Fig. 4C, the

planar fiber mats

67, 68, 69, 70 are shown located inside the "U" shaped fiber mats 71, 72, the former being also located outside of the latter.

Yet another example of a fiber mat structure is shown in Figure 4D. As shown, it may have a planar fiber mat 73 and a "U" shaped fiber mat 74; wherein the planar fiber mat 73 is distributed in a planar wall of the rectangular tubular base profile 1; The "U" shaped fiber mats 74 are distributed in the three planar walls of the rectangular tubular base profile 1. The planar fiber mat 73 and the "U" The fiber mat 74 wraps around the cavity, which allows the base profile 1 to have the desired mechanical properties at various locations of its four walls and at various corners.

The "one layer" (Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B) or "two layer" (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4C) fiber mat structures are described in Figures 3, 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D above. Each such structure constitutes a "unit" in which a plurality of such "units" can be arranged in order from the inner layer to the outer layer of the base profile 1, as shown in the two tubular fiber mats shown in FIG. Typically, one sleeper can have from one to four units, each unit comprising 1-3 layers of fiber mat laid to surround the cavity, such that there are about 1-10 layers of fiber mat. These units may be arranged in the same unit repeatedly, or different types of units may be sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside.

As described above, the "unit" of the fiber mat described in Figures 3, 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D has a plurality of fiber mats. These multiple fiber mats may be of the same type of fiber mat or different types of fiber mats, depending on the needs of the particular application. For example, in the fiber mat "unit" as illustrated in Figure 4D, the planar fiber mat 73 may be a fiberglass mat, and the "U" fiber mat 74 may be a carbon fiber mat. Further, even if all of the fiber mats in the "unit" are made of the same type of fiber mat (for example, a glass fiber woven felt), different types of fiber mats having different strengths and weaves can be selected as needed. For example, the

fiber mats

61, 62, 63, 64 shown in Fig. 4A may each be selected from fiber mats having a total gram weight in the range of 752 g/m2 to 1242 g/m2, wherein the

fiber mats

61 and 63 may be selected to be about 943 g/ M2 triaxial fiberglass woven mat, while

fiber mats

62 and 64 may be selected from 934 g/m2 triaxial fiberglass woven mat.

The fiber yarn 7 in the fiber reinforced material may be carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber or a mixture thereof. As an example, the fiber yarn 7 may be a glass fiber having a linear density of from 2400 tex to 9600 tex. The tensile strength may be 100 MPa to 300 MPa, the tensile elastic modulus may be 7,000 MPa to 8000 MPa, and the elongation at break may be 1.5% to 4%.

The above resin 5 (see FIG. 3) may be an unsaturated polyester resin (for example, a vinyl ester resin), a phenol resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, or the like.

The following are examples of the composition and ratio of the resin and fiber reinforcement.

When the resin 5 is an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin or a phenol resin, the fiber reinforcing material is a fiber yarn and a fiber mat, and the fiber reinforcing material is 60% to 70% by weight, an unsaturated polyester resin or a vinyl ester. The resin is 30% to 40%. When the resin 5 is a polyurethane resin composite, the fiber reinforcement is a fiber yarn or a fiber yarn and a fiber mat, and the fiber reinforcement is 65% to 85% by weight, and the polyurethane resin is 15% to 35%. When the resin 5 is an epoxy resin, the fiber reinforcing material is a fiber yarn or a fiber yarn and a fiber mat, and the fiber reinforcing material is 65% to 85% by weight, and the epoxy resin is 15% to 35%.

The material of the core 2 may be selected from the group consisting of phenolic foam, polyurethane foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polystyrene foam, recycled plastic, recycled plastic and wood chip mixture.

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of one example of a pipeline used to make a composite sleeper in accordance with the present invention. One embodiment of a method of manufacturing the above composite sleeper according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The method includes the following steps:

(1) Providing an appropriate amount of a fiber reinforcing material including a fiber yarn 21, a fiber mat 22, and arranging the fiber reinforcing materials in a predetermined pattern into a layered structure by a guide 23 at a predetermined speed Leading to an impregnation device 24 containing a resin;

(2) impregnation: the layered structure of the fiber reinforcement material arranged in a predetermined pattern through the resin impregnation device 24 at a predetermined speed;

(3) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus 26 at a predetermined speed to remove the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material. Remove excess resin, remove air bubbles, and shape it close to the shape of the inlet of the forming mold;

(4) Molding curing: The resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the molding die 27 through the cavity of the preforming device 26 at a predetermined speed, and the structure required for the sleeper is obtained by in-mold curing by the molding die 27, and passes through the molding die. Heating the fiber reinforcement;

(5) Cutting: The structure is cut into a sleeper having a desired length.

Figure 6 shows a schematic view of another example of a pipeline used to make a composite sleeper in accordance with the present invention. Another embodiment of a method of manufacturing the above composite sleeper according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The method is similar to the method described in the above embodiments, however, the fiber reinforcement material is divided into two groups, the first group of fiber reinforcement materials are laid in the inner layer of the base profile (1), and the second group of fiber reinforcement materials are laid. In the outer layer of the base profile 1. In this method, the first set of fiber reinforcements are directed through a first set of guides 23 to a first set of impregnation apparatus 24, which are initially formed by impregnation of the resin through a first set of preforming apparatus 26; After being guided by the second group of guiding devices 23 to the second group of impregnation devices 24, after being impregnated with the resin, they are solidified together with the first group of impregnated fiber reinforcing materials through a second set of preforming equipment into the cavity of the forming mold. Thus, the fiber mat is laid around the cavity in the base profile 1 into two units of fiber mats arranged in sequence from the inner layer to the outer layer of the base profile 1, the fiber mat of each unit being laid to wrap around the cavity A plurality of fiber mats of the body.

In the above embodiment, the fiber reinforcing materials are divided into two groups, which are respectively impregnated with a resin and subjected to preforming to form the fiber reinforcing material into two layers. In fact, the fiber reinforcing materials may be divided into three groups, four groups or more as needed, respectively impregnating the resin and performing preforming to form the fiber reinforcing material into three, four or more Units arranged in order from the inside to the outside.

In the above embodiment, the molding die 27 has a length of 900 to 1200 mm. The molding die 27 can be provided with two different heating zones, the temperature of one zone is 60-75 ° C, and the temperature of the second zone is 80-120 ° C.

The composite sleeper manufactured by the above method has no core. The core 2 is added to the base profile 1 by the following two methods to obtain a core-filled composite sleeper: 1): a sleeper obtained by in-mold curing to obtain a composite of the base profile 1 and the core material; 2) The rectangular cylinder of the base profile 1 is produced separately and then the cavity of the rectangular cylinder of the base profile 1 is filled with the core 2 material.

The embodiments described above are only intended to describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Variations and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

A composite sleeper comprising a base profile (1) extending in a longitudinal direction, the base profile (1) having a cavity extending therethrough in the longitudinal direction, characterized in that the base profile ( 1) is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite material comprising a resin (5) and a fiber-reinforced material, the fiber-reinforced material comprising a fiber mat (6) and a fiber yarn (7), and the fiber a mat is laid around the cavity in the base profile, the fiber yarn comprising a plurality of fibers distributed along the longitudinal direction in the vicinity of the fiber mat, and the fiber mat is in the base profile (1) a fiber mat laid in one unit or a plurality of units of fiber mats arranged in order from the inner layer to the outer layer of the base profile (1), the fiber mat of each unit comprising a plurality of fiber mats, the plurality of pieces A fiber mat is laid to wrap around the cavity.
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base profile (1) is a rectangular cylinder, and the thickness (x) of the opposite two walls of the four walls of the rectangular cylinder is 8- 25 mm, the thickness (y) of the other two walls of the four walls of the rectangular cylinder is 8-25 mm.
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base profile (1) is provided with 1-4 units of fiber mat.
The composite sleeper of claim 1 wherein at least one of the plurality of fiber mats of the fiber mat of at least one unit has a strength and weave different from the other fiber mats.
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base profile (1) is a rectangular cylinder, and at least one of the fiber mats of the one or more units comprises four planar fiber mats ( 61, 62, 63, 64), the four planar fiber mats (61, 62, 63, 64) are respectively distributed in four planar walls of the rectangular tubular base profile (1).
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base profile (1) is a rectangular cylinder, and at least one of the fiber mats of the one or more units comprises two "U" shaped fibers a felt (65, 66), wherein a "U" shaped fiber mat (65) covers an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile (1) and about half of the walls of the two walls adjacent the entire wall, The other "U" fiber mat (66) covers an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile 1 and about half of the walls of the two walls adjacent to the entire wall, two "U" shaped fiber mats (65). And 66) "kneading" each other.
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, characterized in that the base profile (1) is a rectangular cylinder, and at least one of the fiber mats of the one or more units comprises four planar fiber mats ( 67, 68, 69, 70) and two "U" shaped fiber mats (71, 72), wherein the planar fiber mats (67, 68, 69, 70) are located in the "U" shaped fiber mat ( 71 or 72) are respectively distributed in the four planar walls of the rectangular cylindrical base profile (1); and the "U" shaped fiber mats (71, 72) are located in the plane The outer side or the inner side of the fiber-like felt (67, 68, 69, 70) respectively covers an entire wall of the rectangular tubular base profile (1) and about half of the walls of the two adjacent walls. The two "U" shaped fiber mats (71, 72) are "fastened" to each other.
The composite sleeper according to claim 1, wherein the base profile (1) is a rectangular cylinder, and at least one of the fiber mats of the one or more units comprises a planar fiber mat ( 73) and a "U" shaped fiber mat (74), wherein the planar fiber mat (73) is distributed in a planar wall of the rectangular tubular base profile (1), and "U The "shaped fiber mat (74) is distributed in the other three planar walls of the rectangular cylindrical base profile (1).
The composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the resin is an unsaturated polyester resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin or a polyurethane resin.
The composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the fiber mat is a glass fiber mat, a glass fiber mat, a glass fiber mesh, a carbon fiber felt, an aramid cloth, a polyester cloth or mixture.
A composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the fiber yarn is carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyester fiber or a mixture thereof.
A composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the base profile (1) is made of 60%-85% by weight of fiber reinforcement and 15%-40% resin.
The composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the cavity is filled with a core (2), the material of the core (2) being selected from the group consisting of: phenolic Foam, polyurethane foam, polyvinyl chloride foam, polystyrene foam, recycled plastic, recycled plastic and wood chip mixture.
A method of manufacturing a composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising the steps of:

(1) Providing an appropriate amount of a fiber reinforcing material including a fiber yarn (21) and a fiber mat (22), and arranging the fiber reinforcing material into a layered pattern in a predetermined pattern by a guiding device (23) Structure and guided to a dipping device (24) containing a resin at a predetermined speed;

(2) impregnation: the layered structure of the fiber-reinforced material arranged in a predetermined pattern is passed through the resin-containing impregnation apparatus (24) at a predetermined speed;

(3) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus (26) at a predetermined speed, and the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is removed to remove excess resin. Eliminate the bubble and make it close to the shape of the inlet of the molding die;

(4) Molding and curing: the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the molding die (27) through the cavity of the preforming device (26) at a predetermined speed, and the basic profile required for the sleeper is obtained by curing in the molding die ( 1) the structure and heating the fiber reinforcement by a molding die;

(5) Cutting: The structure of the base profile (1) is cut into a base profile (1) having a desired length.
A method of manufacturing a composite sleeper according to any one of claims 1-12, comprising the steps of:

(1) providing an appropriate amount of a fiber reinforcing material and a resin, the fiber reinforcing material comprising a fiber yarn (21), a fiber mat (22), and dividing the reinforcing material into a plurality of groups;

(2) guiding: a group of the fiber reinforcing material is arranged in a layered structure in a predetermined pattern by a guiding device (23), and guided to a dipping device (24) containing a resin at a predetermined speed;

(3) impregnation: the layered structure of the fiber reinforcement material arranged in a predetermined pattern is passed through the resin-containing impregnation device (24) at a predetermined speed;

(4) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus (26) at a predetermined speed, and the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is removed to remove excess resin. Eliminate the bubble and make it close to the shape of the inlet of the molding die;

(5) repeating the above steps (2)-(4) for the other groups of the plurality of sets of fiber-reinforced materials, such that the plurality of sets of fiber mats are laid in the base profile (1) from the base profile (1) a plurality of unit fiber mats in which the inner layer is outwardly arranged in an outer layer, and the fiber mat of each unit includes a plurality of fiber mats laid to surround the cavity;

(6) Molding and curing: the resin-impregnated fiber reinforced material is passed through a preforming device (26)

The cavity is drawn into the forming die (27) at a predetermined speed, and the structure of the base profile (1) required for the sleeper is obtained by in-mold curing of the forming die, and the fiber reinforcing material is heated by the forming die;

(7) Cutting: The structure of the base profile (1) is cut into a base profile (1) having a desired length.
A method of manufacturing a composite sleeper according to claim 13, comprising the steps of:

(1) providing an appropriate amount of a fiber reinforcing material and a resin, the fiber reinforcing material comprising a fiber yarn (21), a fiber mat (22), and dividing the reinforcing material into a plurality of groups;

(2) guiding: a group of the fiber reinforcing material is arranged in a layered structure in a predetermined pattern by a guiding device (23), and guided to a dipping device (24) containing a resin at a predetermined speed;

(3) impregnation: the layered structure of the fiber reinforcement material arranged in a predetermined pattern is passed through the resin-containing impregnation device (24) at a predetermined speed;

(4) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus (26) at a predetermined speed, and the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is removed to remove excess resin. Eliminate the bubble and make it close to the shape of the inlet of the molding die;

(5) repeating the above steps (2)-(4) for the other groups of the fiber-reinforced material, such that the plurality of sets of fiber mats are laid in the base profile (1) from the base profile (1) a fiber mat of a plurality of units in which the inner layer is arranged in an outer layer, and the fiber mat of each unit comprises a plurality of fiber mats laid to surround the cavity;

(6) Molding and curing: the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the molding die (27) through the cavity of the preforming device (26) at a predetermined speed, and the sleeper is obtained by curing in the molding die.

The structure of the base profile (1) is required and the fiber reinforcement is heated by a forming die; (7) Cutting: The structure of the base profile (1) is cut into a base profile (1) having a desired length. (8) Filling: The core (2) material is filled into the cavity of the base profile (1).
A method of manufacturing a composite sleeper according to claim 13, comprising the steps of:

(1) providing an appropriate amount of a fiber reinforcing material and a resin, the fiber reinforcing material comprising a fiber yarn (21), a fiber mat (22), and dividing the reinforcing material into a plurality of groups;

(2) guiding: a group of the fiber reinforcing material is arranged in a layered structure in a predetermined pattern by a guiding device (23), and guided to a dipping device (24) containing a resin at a predetermined speed;

(3) impregnation: the layered structure of the fiber reinforcement material arranged in a predetermined pattern is passed through the resin-containing impregnation device (24) at a predetermined speed;

(4) Pre-forming: the layered structure of the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the cavity of the preforming apparatus (26) at a predetermined speed, and the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is removed to remove excess resin. Eliminate the bubble and make it close to the shape of the inlet of the molding die;

(5) repeating the above steps (2)-(4) for the other groups of the fiber-reinforced material, such that the plurality of sets of fiber mats are laid in the base profile (1) from the base profile (1) a fiber mat of a plurality of units in which the inner layer is arranged in an outer layer, and the fiber mat of each unit comprises a plurality of fiber mats laid to surround the cavity;

(6) Molding curing: the resin-impregnated fiber-reinforced material is drawn into the molding die (27) through the cavity of the preforming device (26) at a predetermined speed, and the basic profile required for the sleeper is obtained by curing in the molding die ( 1) the structure and heating the fiber reinforcement by a molding die, and At the same time, the core (2) material is compounded with the structure of the base profile (1);

(7) Cutting: The structure of the base profile (1) which is compounded together with the core (2) is cut into a sleeper having a desired length.
The method according to any one of claims 14-17, characterized in that the length of the forming die is 900-1200 mm, the forming die is provided with two different heating zones, and the temperature of one zone is 60-75 ° C The temperature in the second zone is 80-120 °C.